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Holzer, Jerzy. "Triumf i kryzys komunizmu – 1968." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 18 (March 30, 2010): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2010.18.03.
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The events of 1968 were, in Europe, the last act of fascination with Communism while, simultaneously, its Soviet model was rejected and other varieties were popular. With the exception of Czechoslovakia, these events were also a generational movement, most of all a student one. The Communist social stipulations were combined with political demands aimed at implementing direct democracy. What was missing in the West, however, was the comprehension of the problems occurring in the Soviet block and a knowledge of the situation in the non-European Communist countries. In the East, on the other hand, what was lacking was a more active interest in Western frustrations. The movements of 1968 suffered a defeat everywhere, though the reasons for this were different.In Western Europe, they were wholly unsupported by organisational structures, while the awareness of the realities of all Communist regimes, which did gradually sink in, evoked disappointment. In the Eastern part of Europe, the crushing of revisionism, which attempted to combine Communism with democracy, pointed the way towards perspectives other than reformed Communism. Despite the defeat, the events of 1968 became an important watershed in the life of Europe, to a large degree transforming society’s awareness and customs in the West, and the political awareness of the generation entering adulthood in the East.
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Minakova, Albina I. "FEATURES OF THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTIC FOR THE PEOPLES OF EXPATRIATE COMMUNITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA." Historical Search 2, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2021-2-4-94-101.
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The polyethnicity of the Republic of Mordovia, an equal subject of the Russian Federation, is confirmed by the 2010 census data. According to the All-Russian census, the population of 119 nationalities lives here. The increase in the number of nationalities in the regions results in an increase in contacts between people and the impact on ethnic processes. The interaction of ethnic groups affects all aspects of the life of an ethnic group: from the way of life, including customs, rituals, type of clothing, dietary habits, relationships with nature, social relationships of ethnic groups, to the forms of economic activity of ethnic groups. Eastern European peoples, especially the Ukrainians, the Belarusians, as well as representatives of the peoples of Transcaucasia and the Central Asia living in Mordovia, are commonly found in a natural assimilation, which is expressed in some common features of their economic activities, culture and way of life. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of economic activity carried out by the peoples living in a non-native environment outside their historical homeland. The main objective of the study is to demonstrate the factors that determine the specifics of the economic activity carried out by the peoples of expatriate community in Mordovia.
The scientific novelty lies in the fact that it is for the first time that the study makes an attempt to comprehensively study the features of the economic activities carried out by the peoples of expatriate community living in a non-native environment.
The general scientific method of research in the work consists in a general analysis of the economic components of ethnic groups in a non-native environment.
The results of the study intend to identify specific features of the economic structure of migrants from Europe, Central Asia and Transcaucasia in the polyethnic region of the Volga Federal District.
The peoples of the foreign countries living in Mordovia successfully adapted to the Republic, this was facilitated by the similarity of the living and economic conditions of the migrants in question in new territories and unfamiliar places with the areas of exodus.
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Feldman, Walter Zev. "Klezmer Music in the Context of East European Musical Culture." Judaic-Slavic Journal, no. 1 (3) (2020): 231–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2020.1.11.
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The repertoire and social role of the klezmer musician in Eastern Europe can be best appreciated within the context of the broader “traditional” musical life of East European Jews. From the early seventeenth century onward the emphasis on the “Jewishness” and halakhic validity of all aspects of life now became fixed and part of local custom (minhag). This merging of the sacred and the secular came to affect music and dance just as it did costume, through the internal action of the Jewish community, not pressure from external sources. The instrumental klezmer music and the accompanying profession of badkhones (wedding orator) displayed both the fusion of the religious and secular in Jewish life, and a continuing tension between secular and religious allusions, moods, and techniques. The “Jewishness” in musical style – especially in instrumental klezmer music but also in Hasidic niggunim and to some extent in Yiddish song – grew by a process of cultural differentiation.This process involved both the preservation and development of ancient features, and the reinterpretation of borrowed musical material to suit principles alien to the original source.This chapter briefly characterizes the system of repertoires and genres of the East European Jews, beginning with the music of prayer, through the various paraliturgical songs, to the music of Hasidism, and the many sub-genres of religious, secular and professional song in the Yiddish language. The chapter concludes with a presentation of the two established musical professionals in traditional East European Jewish life – the khazn (cantor) and the klezmer.
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Luca, Ioana, and Leena Kurvet-Käosaar. "Life Writing Trajectories in Post-1989 Eastern Europe." European Journal of Life Writing 2 (March 26, 2013): T1—T9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/ejlw.2.51.
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In May 2011, the second IABA Europe conference, entitled "Trajectories of(Be)longing: Europe in Life Writing", took place at Tallinn University, Estonia. The conference discussed questions regarding the possibility and productivity of specifically European modes and practices of life writing. Conference sessions focused on spatial mappings and sites of story-telling about Europe in life writing and their temporal dynamics with respectto major historical ruptures and transformations. The lines of inquiry focused, on the one hand, on how the modes and practices of auto/biographical representation were structured around a sense of belonging toor longing for Europe and, and on the other, on contestation, rejection and transgression of such modes of identification. Addressing the conceptual frame of Europe as a geographical, political, social and cultural entity, the conference papers explored the ways in which “life-mapping” constructs, confirms, contradicts, and erases borders within and in relation to Europe, also raising the question of Europe (and its possible Europeanness) within a larger and more fluid global framework.
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van den Broek, Thijs, Marco Tosi, and Emily Grundy. "Offspring and later-life loneliness in Eastern and Western Europe." Families, health, and well-being 31, no. 2-2019 (September 30, 2019): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/zff.v31i2.05.
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Later-life loneliness is increasingly recognized as an important public health issue. In this study, we examine whether having more children and grandchildren is protective against later life loneliness in a group of Eastern and Western European countries. Drawing on data from the Generation and Gender Surveys, we estimated logistic regression models of the likelihood of being lonely among men and women aged 65 and older. The results showed a negative association between number of children and loneliness among men and women in both Eastern-European and Western-European countries. A mediation analysis performed using the KHB decomposition method showed that grandparenthood status partly explained differences in the loneliness risks of childless women, mothers with one child and those with two or more children. Among men, the mediating role of grandparenthood was significant in Eastern Europe and marginally significant in Western countries. Given the relatively strong reliance of older people on the family in Eastern Europe, we expected that the protective effects of offspring on loneliness would be stronger in Eastern-European countries than in Western-European countries. This hypothesis was supported only in part by our results. The protective effect of having four or more children was larger in the East than in the West. Overall, our findings indicate that having close family members, including more children and at least one grandchild, has a protective effect against later-life loneliness in both country clusters considered.
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Krakowiak, Piotr. "Gaps in end-of-life care and lack of support for family carers in Poland and Central Eastern Europe." Palliative Care and Social Practice 14 (January 2020): 263235242095800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2632352420958001.
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The growth of life expectancy in Central Eastern Europe and increase in the number of older people in that region are the consequences of changes in the 1990s period, connected to transition from the communism into a market economy. Central Eastern Europe is already facing consequences of fast ageing and insufficient development of state health care and social services. Those result in gaps in the provision of end-of-life care and overburden of family caregivers. This essay addresses gaps in end-of-life care, showing the development of hospice-palliative care on one side, and highlighting main problems with long-term care on the other. There is scarce support for informal caregivers and lack of cooperation between health and social care. End-of-life care is over medicalized in hospice-palliative care and hardly existing in long-term care. Dying is more a social than medical event, and as such, it should be cared for by compassionate communities, encouraging cooperation of professionals with family caregivers and society. Unfortunately, to date, there is no adequate cooperation in social dimension of end-of-life care in most of Central Eastern Europe. The social dimension of end-of-life care has to be recognized and empowered with the health promoting palliative care and introduction of compassionate communities in Central Eastern Europe.
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Buchanan, Ann, and Alice Sluckin. "Gypsy Children in Post-Communist Eastern Europe." Children & Society 8, no. 4 (December 1994): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.1994.tb00435.x.
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Amini, Chiara, and Elodie Douarin. "Corruption and Life Satisfaction in Transition: Is Corruption a Social Norm in Eastern Europe?" Social Indicators Research 151, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 723–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02389-6.
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AbstractTo explain a so-called “happiness gap” between citizens of Eastern Europe and comparable individuals from other regions, researchers have pointed at low governance quality, and corruption in particular, as a possible cause. However, this explanation seems incompatible with the “broken windows” paradigm, which posit that in high-corruption environment, victims of corruption tend to report a lower psychological cost of victimisation. Our paper contributes to the literature by explicitly tackling this potential contradiction. Our results nuance our understanding of the role of corruption on people’s life satisfaction in Eastern Europe by investigating the extent to which the subjective cost of corruption depends on its pervasiveness. We demonstrate: (1) large individual cost associated with different measures of corruption, (2) a small reduction in these costs for some measures of corruption as it becomes more pervasive and (3) large inequalities in the cost of corruption depending on education and income. Overall, we conclude that, for the population as a whole, there is limited evidence of corruption being a social norm in Eastern Europe, in the sense that pervasiveness does not reduce individual cost.
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Horvat, P., M. Richards, S. Malyutina, A. Pajak, R. Kubinova, A. Tamosiunas, H. Pikhart, A. Peasey, M. G. Marmot, and M. Bobak. "Life Course Socioeconomic Position and Mid-Late Life Cognitive Function in Eastern Europe." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 69, no. 3 (March 5, 2014): 470–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbu014.
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OKOLNYCHA, T. "FEATURES OF SOCIALIZATION AND FORMATION OF MORALITY OF CHILDREN IN RELATIVES OF EASTERN SLAVS." ТHE SOURCES OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS, no. 20 (November 22, 2017): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2075-146x.2017.20.209809.
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In the article, on the basis of the analysis of ethnographic research of the 19th –beginning of the 20th centuries, peculiarities of folk pedagogy of the Eastern Slavs, in particular the influence of the family customs on socialization and the formation of children`s morality have been considered. The author focuses on the main functions of the ethnopedagogy of our ancestors: the formation of positive character features of the child, the provision of a happy life to a newborn, the provision of connection and harmony between the child and its family accompanied by special rituals.In the Eastern Slavic society, the process of socialization of a child took place naturally. Education was a part of multilateral social relations. Children were not much prepared for the future adult life, they rather gradually joined it due to the complication of their social role, involvement in various spheres of social activity on weekdays and holidays. The upbringing of children was not separated from the life of adults. The content, forms, methods of education depended on lifestyle, gender and age division of labor, family relations, beliefs of our ancestors, etc.Characteristics of ethnographic materials has allowed the author to conclude that the Eastern Slavs developed an effective system of forms, means, methods of folk education, which ensured the preservation of the custom-ritual culture and contributed to the formation of the ethnic group; one of the central places in Eastern Slavic family customs belongs to those aimed at ensuring the happiness and well-being of the child, the acceptation of a newborn into the family and promoting the creation by a child its own future family. Methods of influence on the morality and socialization of the child were basically based on the principles of contact magic.
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Aartsen, Marja, and Gražina Rapolienė. "Loneliness and Trust: An East-West Comparison in Europe." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2062.
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Abstract Loneliness in later life is two times more prevalent in Eastern and Southern European countries than in Northern and Western European countries. One explanation that is put forth is the difference in expectations about social relations. We examine a not often evaluated role of trust in society as factor contributing to the country differences in loneliness. We adopt the trust-as-antecedent model of social integration, and assume that social integration is associated with loneliness. We use data of respondents aged 65 and over participating in the European Social Survey and conduct a latent factors path analysis to examine the effect of trust in the system and trust in people on social capital and loneliness. Loneliness is two times more prevalent in Eastern Europe than the rest of Europe (26% vs 10%), levels of trust are substantially lower in Eastern European countries, which in turn is associated with higher levels of loneliness.
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Walker, Charles, and Svetlana Stephenson. "Youth and social change in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union." Journal of Youth Studies 13, no. 5 (August 2, 2010): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2010.487522.
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Kenney, Padraic. "Peripheral Vision: Social Science and the History of Communist Eastern Europe." Contemporary European History 10, no. 1 (March 2001): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301001096.
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Ivan T. Berend, Central and Eastern Europe 1944–1993: Detour from the Periphery to the Periphery (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 414 pp., $64.95 (hb), ISBN 0-521-55066-1, $24.95 (pb), ISBN 0-521-66352-0. Valerie Bunce, Subversive Institutions: The Design and Destruction of Socialism and the State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 206 pp., $54.95 (hb), ISBN 0-521-58449-3; $19.95 (pb), ISBN 0-521-58592-9. Helena Flam, Mosaic of Fear: Poland and East Germany Before 1989 (Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 1998; distributed by Columbia University Press, New York), 283 pp., $50.00, ISBN 0-880-33406-1. Leszek Dziegiel, Paradise in a Concrete Cage: Daily Life in Communist Poland – An Ethnologist's View (Kraków: Wydawnictwo Arcana, 1998), 307 pp., ISBN 8-386-22517-3. András Gero and Iván Peto, Unfinished Socialism: Pictures From the Kádár Era (New York and Budapest: Central European University Press, 1999), 250 pp., $29.95, ISBN 9-639-11650-5.
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Herczog, Maria. "Assessing child welfare outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe." Children Society 12, no. 3 (June 1998): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.1998.tb00069.x.
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Herczog, Maria. "Assessing child welfare outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe." Children & Society 12, no. 3 (June 1998): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0860(199806)12:3<223::aid-chi119>3.3.co;2-8.
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Pejovic, Svetozar. "The uneven results of institutional changes in Central and Eastern Europe: The role of culture." Ekonomski anali 49, no. 163 (2004): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0463007p.
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It has been widely observed that the same formal rules, enacted in the parliaments in the form of written laws, give vastly different results in different social and cultural environments. This phenomenon came to be particularly pronounced in the process of transition of the formerly communist countries to market economies and politically pluralized societies. Highly similar and occasionally identical institutional changes turned out to be unequally accepted by the societies under consideration and produced widely different results in the material restructuring of the economies. It became clear that the notion of institutions had to be widened so as to encompass the informal rules: the customs, the traditions, cultural values and national myths. Informal rules define the constraints for implementing the formal ones and, on the other hand, determine the actual effects of the latter once they are implemented. Forcing the formal rules upon the transition societies cannot be successful unless preceding and/or contemporaneous changes of informal rules are provided for. The paper ends with a design of the strategy for the decisively important changes in values and other components of informal rules.
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KOK, JAN, and KEES MANDEMAKERS. "A life-course approach to co-residence in the Netherlands, 1850–1940." Continuity and Change 25, no. 2 (August 2010): 285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416010000160.
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ABSTRACTIn this article, we study variations in co-residence with kin in the Netherlands in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. We use the reconstructed life courses of 17,527 individuals derived from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN) database. The life-course approach allows us to look at co-residence from the perspectives of both the receiving households and the co-resident kin. What made households take in relatives and do we find a preference for one type of relative over another? What was the background of people who decided to co-reside in another household? How important were family-related ‘altruistic’ motives compared with economic ones? The outcomes suggest the predominance of altruistic motives for co-residence, apart from persistent inheritance customs in the eastern part of the country.
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Peal, David. "Self-Help and the State: Rural Cooperatives in Imperial Germany." Central European History 21, no. 3 (September 1988): 244–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900012206.
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The consolidation of territorial states in Central Europe undermined the local customs and institutions that had shaped village life since the Middle Ages. By the end of the eighteenth century unitary law codes overrode rural customs. By distinguishing between public and private law, these codes stripped the organized village community of legal substance. Police and judicial functions once performed within the community were assumed by bureaucrats, and the state meddled with the use of local resources by liberalizing marriage and residence laws. Deprived of political autonomy, the village did remain the core economic and social unit in rural life, controlling access to communal forests and enforcing the rules of three-field agriculture. In the middle decades of the nineteenth century this limited autonomy was undermined as well. Freedom of contract, security of individual property, free transmission of property between generations, and commercialization of landed property struck at the ability of villages to control their material world in customary ways.
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Grdešić, Marko. "The Strange Case of Welfare Chauvinism in Eastern Europe." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 53, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cpcs.2020.53.3.107.
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According to welfare chauvinism, access to the welfare state should be reserved for the native population, whereas immigrants are seen as a drain on resources. The curious aspect of welfare chauvinism in Europe is that it is more prevalent in the East. Why is this the case? This article uses the European Social Survey (ESS) and the Life in Transition Survey (LITS) in order to locate the most robust individual-level determinants of welfare chauvinism for countries of both Eastern and Western Europe. The results suggest that there is no support for the socioeconomic explanation of welfare chauvinism. There is support for the cultural capital explanation of welfare chauvinism, but only for Western Europe. Finally, there is support for the theory that higher levels of trust lessen the likelihood that a person adopts welfare chauvinism. This finding holds for both Eastern and Western Europe.
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Sozina, Elena Konstantinovna. "“BETWEEN EUROPE AND ASIA.” ORIENTALIST NARRATIVES OF ALEXANDRA FUCHS: THE RHETORIC OF WRITING AND THE AUTHOR’S POSITION." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 14, no. 3 (October 2, 2020): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2020-14-3-465-475.
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The article discusses ethnographic essays and novellas in the poems by Alexandra Andreevna Fuchs. The wife of a famous professor Karl Fuchs, she was resident of Kazan, hosted a literary salon, which was frequented by many local and visiting writers and poets, and met with Alexander Pushkin during his stay in the town. Alexandra Fuchs became the first Russian ethnographer writer; she purposefully traveled to places where the Chuvash, Mari (Cheremis), and Udmurts (Votyaks) lived, and wrote essays about the life, daily routine, manners and customs of these peoples drawing on her personal observations. Her essays took the form of letters and were often accompanied by response letters from her husband. They were published in the Kazan magazine Zavolzhsky Muravey [Zavolzhsky Ant], in the regional newspaper Kazanskie gubernskie vedomosti [Kazan Provincial Gazette], as well as in a number of separate books. The article analyzes the rhetorical peculiarities and author’s position of Alexandra Fuks’ essay writing. The analysis also involves ethnographic-fiction novellas (poems) by A. Fuchs, taken, according to her, “from the Tatar tradition”: ‘Princess Habiba’, ‘Founding of the city of Kazan’, a comment to which was written by her husband. These works fit into the tradition of the “Eastern novella”, popular in Russia since the eighteenth century. Depicting the exotic life of ancient Tatars and the peoples neighboring Kazan, Alexandra Fuchs sought to reconcile the orientation of the region to the East with the Orthodox-Imperial ideology which (in her view) was more advanced and progressive. Her sympathies as the author lay with female characters who contradicted traditional Muslim customs. Alexandra Fuchs’ essays and tales played a considerable role in awakening the interest of a Russian reader to the peoples of the empire, which preceded the mid-19th century rise of ethnography in science and literature.
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Horackova, Katerina, Miloslav Kopecek, Vendula Machů, Anna Kagstrom, Dag Aarsland, Lucie Bankovska Motlova, and Pavla Cermakova. "Prevalence of late-life depression and gap in mental health service use across European regions." European Psychiatry 57 (January 15, 2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.12.002.
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AbstractBackground We aimed to determine the prevalence and gap in use of mental health services for late-life depression in four European regions (Western Europe, Scandinavia, Southern Europe and Central and Eastern Europe) and explore socio-demographic, social and health-related factors associated with it.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study based on data from the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Participants were a population-based sample of 28 796 persons (53% women, mean age 74 years old) residing in Europe. Mental health service use was estimated using information about the diagnosis or treatment for depression.Results The prevalence of late-life depression was 29% in the whole sample and was highest in Southern Europe (35%), followed by Central and Eastern Europe (32%), Western Europe (26%) and lowest in Scandinavia (17%). Factors that had the strongest association with depression were total number of chronic diseases, pain, limitations in instrumental activities of daily living, grip strength and cognitive impairment. The gap in mental health service use was 79%.Conclusions We suggest that interventions to decrease the burden of late-life depression should be targeted at individuals that are affected by chronic somatic comorbidities and are limited in mental and physical functioning. Promotion of help-seeking of older adults, de-stigmatization of mental illness and education of general practitioners could help decrease the gap in mental health service utilization.
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Gulyás, Bence, Gábor Lőrinczy, and Anton Strokov. "Burials with Whole Horse Skeletons in the Tiszántúl and Eastern European Steppe Region in the 6th —7th centuries AD." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 5 (October 29, 2021): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp215281293.
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After 567, a certain nomad group of Eastern European origin arrived to the CarpathianBasin with the Avars and occupied the territory east to the TisaRiver. This population differs from the Inner Asian Avars by their burial customs whose best analogies can be found among the contemporary nomads of the steppe region of Eastern Europe, called Sivashovka group. The main aim of this article is a special rite of the two regions: burials with whole horse skeletons. This element of the burial rite was treated as a foreign influence — Avaric or Turkic. This study proves that this element was well embedded in the structures of the funerary rite in both regions. Additionally, there are similarities, which show that both populations get acquainted with this custom at the same time. We can state that the difference between the burials with horse hides and the burials with whole skeletons is based on social, rather than ethnic grounds.
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Spoor, Max, Luca Tasciotti, and Mihail Peleah. "Quality of life and social exclusion in rural Southern, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS." Post-Communist Economies 26, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2014.904107.
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Lapcevic, Mirjana, Branislav Gvozdenovic, and Suzana Stankovic. "Health-related quality of life of general practitioners - family physicians in South-eastern Europe." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 136, no. 7-8 (2008): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0808397l.
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Introduction An insight into the health-related quality of life (HRQL) provides information on the extent of activities and everyday functioning restriction by deteriorated health. Objective The purpose of the paper was to analyze the HRQL of general practitioners-family physicians of the Southeastern Europe and compare it with HRQL of controls, the subjects of the same educational background, geographical area, sex and age, but different working activities. Method The study "Health-related quality of life of general practitioners-family physicians in the South-eastern Europe" (HERQUL study) was performed in Serbia, Republic of Srpska, Montenegro, Macedonia and Bulgaria during February- September 2004. Study instrument was a standardized generic questionnaire for the measurement of HRQL SF-36, which subject's health status assesses across eight different domains. Results The study included 1141 doctors (337 male and 804 female) and the same number of controls. The deteriorated physical health affected HRQL of controls, but more significantly of physicians. The deteriorated mental health affected HRQL of both physicians and controls regardless of age and sex. The lowest HRQL scores of physicians due to lowered vitality was reported in all studied countries, excluding subjects from Montenegro. Better social functioning HRQL domain was recorded in males regardless of profession. The deteriorated physical and mental health as well as social functioning mostly influenced HRQL of physicians aged 55-59, and in controls this applied to those older than 60, regardless of sex. Emotional health HRQL domain scores were better in the control group than in physicians, regardless of sex. Conclusion Studies of physicians' HRQL, particularly doctors of general practitioners-family physicians, are scarce. The results of the HERQUL study could be the impetus to obtain support for the improvement of HRQL of this important group of health professionals from the relevant government institutions.
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Daykin, C. D., and D. Lewis. "A Crisis of Longer Life: Reforming Pension Systems." British Actuarial Journal 5, no. 1 (April 1, 1999): 55–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700000404.
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ABSTRACTSocial security pension schemes around the world are facing a number of problems, of which demographic ageing is the most commonly discussed. This paper provides an overview of expected future demographic developments in European Union and some other OECD countries, and evaluates some of the range of solutions which have been, or are being, considered to address this and other problems facing social security in the late 1990s, drawing on examples from OECD countries, from Latin America and from central and eastern Europe. Consideration is given to the possibilities for increasing the level of funding in social security pension schemes or developing funded complementary pension schemes.
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van den Broek, Thijs, and Marco Tosi. "The More the Merrier? The Causal Effect of High Fertility on Later-Life Loneliness in Eastern Europe." Social Indicators Research 149, no. 2 (January 6, 2020): 733–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02254-1.
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AbstractLevels of later-life loneliness are high in Eastern Europe. We assess whether having more children is protective against later-life loneliness for Eastern-European mothers and fathers. Drawing on Generations and Gender Surveys data of 25,479 parents aged 50–80 from eight Eastern-European countries, we adopt an instrumental approach exploiting parents’ preference for mixed-sex offspring to estimate the causal effect of having additional children on feelings of loneliness. We find that having an additional child has a causal protective effect against loneliness for mothers. Ordinary least squares regression models also show a weak but statistically significant negative association between number of children and later-life loneliness among fathers. However, results of the instrumental variable analyses are inconclusive for this group. We thus do not find statistically significant causal evidence that having an additional child is protective against loneliness for fathers. Our results underline the importance of addressing reverse causality and selection bias when investigating the links between number of children and later-life loneliness, particularly among women. The causal evidence presented here suggests that the trend towards families with fewer children noted in several Eastern-European countries may place new cohorts of older Eastern-Europeans, and in particular Eastern-European women, at risk of stronger feelings of loneliness.
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Teodoreanu, Elena. "Little Ice Age in Romania in the Vision of a Syrian Traveler." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pesd-2014-0012.
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Abstract Archdeacon Paul of Aleppo of Damascus accompanied the Patriarch Macarios of Antioch, in Moldavia, Wallachia, Dobrogea for nearly seven years (1652-1659), just in time considered one of the coldest during the Little Ice Age, Maunder Minimum namely (1645-1715). His journey is recorded in his travel diary, written in Arabic and translated into Romanian in 1900. Romanian historians were particularly concerned with the information provided by the passenger about the towns, monasteries, and farmhouses, aspects of daily life, customs, habits and Romanian economy countries. But Paul of Aleppo describe and climate issues, particularly cold winters with frost Danube, snowy, storm at sea, rain, floods, etc. It is a very rich source of information in this area, so far little taken into consideration, showing that the Little Ice Age was also evident in Eastern Europe.
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BABARSKIENE, JURGITA, and ROGER G. TWEED. "Marital adjustment in post-Soviet Eastern Europe: A focus on Lithuania." Personal Relationships 16, no. 4 (December 2009): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2009.01244.x.
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Jurkowski, Henryk. "Wertep." Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe 1, no. 1 (2015): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/pomi201506.
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Vertep. Vertep is a part of the group of religious representations belonging equally to the church rituals as well as to the foll<lore customs. It was born with the other mystery plays to- gether having their origins in the iconographic Gospel representations such as ”Christ cribs” in Byzantium and subsequently the performances of the Birth of the Infant such as the famous performance act prepared by saint Francisque from Asis in 1223. Later, the local puppet pre- sentation of ”Nahvity" had developed. They were ”Navidad” and ”Nahvite'” in the western Euro- pe and their counterparts in the middle Europe. Their common origin were the church utensils such as tabernacle or the small cabinet altar called retablo. These presentah'ons in the middle Europe were called ”crib” or ”szopka” while in eastern Europe ”vertep”. The ”Nativity” included the shepherds' homage, the Three Kings) homage as well as the massacre of lnnocents and l-lerod's punishment. Later on the new secular motifs and characters appeared, representing problems of the foll< life. At the time of modernism, real arb'sts showed interest in „Nativityl' giving it a new arh'sh'c interpretah'on. Vertep as a variety of ”Nativity” has its own properh'es and seems to be an independent product of the Ukrainian culture.
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Cockerham, William C. "The Social Determinants of the Decline of Life Expectancy in Russia and Eastern Europe: A Lifestyle Explanation." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 38, no. 2 (June 1997): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2955420.
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Káčerová, Marcela. "How seniors live from an economic, health, social and emotional point of view? Multidimensional review of the quality of life of seniors in Europe." Geographia Polonica 93, no. 2 (2020): 183–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0169.
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Quality of life is an extraordinarily multidimensional term. It includes both objective and subjective factors. This article reviews the quality of life of an extremely sensitive group – people over the age of 65, based on data from the pan-European SHARE survey (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe). The survey revealed the disparities in the quality of life of seniors regarding material, health, social and emotional dimensions in 16 European countries. According to the European survey of the evaluation of the quality of life of seniors, those living in Western and Northern European countries are more satisfied with the quality of their life. Generally, it has become apparent that quality of life is interlinked with the institutional framework of the country, family support and individual approaches. Countries in Southern and Eastern Europe have lower values in individual dimensions as well as in the aggregate quality of life index.
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Klima, Ewa, Anna Janiszewska, Lech Grabski, and Tobias Woldendorp. "Improving the quality of life with CPTED methodology: high-rise housing in Widzew, Łódź." Journal of Place Management and Development 9, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-09-2015-0032.
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Purpose The social context in Polish high-rise neighbourhoods varies from one in Western Europe. This typology is not associated with social housing and the ownership of the dwellings mixed. Moreover, nearly half of the population of Poland lives in this type of real estates. Sociological research shows that the subjective quality of life is decent. Nevertheless, the dwellings are still considered a rather poor place to live and there are various aspects that need to be improved. Widzew is a typical example of the 1970s and 80s concrete high-rise housing area. Many similar developments have been built during the communist era in Eastern Europe. There are many degenerated buildings, while new developments intrude the existing environment, obstructing social and urban structure. The purpose of this paper is to analyse this environment and investigate the social problems and the urban context. Design/methodology/approach The authors have conducted sociological surveys and field observations to measure the subjective quality of life. After analysing the data, several problems appeared, such as lack of maintenance, poor quality of public space, the sense of insecurity and lack of social cohesion. The main scientific question is if and how the crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) method can address those issues. This paper wants to address major problems found in the social research by using a combination of CPTED solutions. Findings The necessity to apply the CPTED analysis in the quasi-public space is clearly noticeable. It is this space that is often perceived by the inhabitants as dangerous. It appears that it can be easily assessed via four criteria – visibility, accessibility, territoriality and attractiveness. Originality/value The novel idea was to compare the findings of a sociological survey on quality of life with the results of space analysis based on the CPTED method. This study might bring general recommendations for high-rise neighbourhoods in Eastern Europe.
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Borowski, Andrzej. "Hierarchy of Values of Students in Selected Countries of Middle-Eastern Europe in the Context of the Public Trust." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 38 (August 2014): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.38.100.
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Social trust is related with phenomenon strictly, in Central Europe from over 20 years of social change getting. I have devoted problems of social trust in international investigative project 2009-2012 taking part concerning perception category social trust including country post-communist particular note and from these countries systems of values of young people. Values are declared present by students in daily life frequently definitely than in functioning social structure at the nature institutional-organizational.
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Makal, Arun, Abhradip Banerjee, Krishnendu Polley, and Bhubon Mohan Das. "Continuity and Change among the Koras of Bindukata." Asian Journal of Social Science 46, no. 1-2 (2018): 52–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04601004.
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The Kora is a small tribal group who are mostly found in eastern part of India. Like many other ethnic groups, the Kora had their own distinct culture, customs, rituals and religion. However, in comparison to other major tribal groups in West Bengal, the Kora as a group to date have recevied relatively little research attention. In this article, we reappraise our experience and observation on the social-cultural life of the Kora people of Paschim Medinipur district, which we collected as part of anthropology undergraduate fieldwork in the year 2002. Through an ethnographic re-analysis method, we try to provide a fair glimpse regarding the process where the Kora, as group, is adopting certain Hindu traits. We also look to find the probable reasons that hold the key to understanding the source of continuity and change in Kora communities at large.
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Heyets, Valeriy. "Social Quality in a Transitive Society." International Journal of Social Quality 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ijsq.2019.090103.
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Nearly 30 years of transformation of the sociopolitical and legal, socioeconomical and financial, sociocultural and welfare, and socioenvironmental dimensions in both Central and Eastern Europe, including Ukraine, has led to a change of the social quality of daily circumstances. On the one hand, the interconnection and reciprocity of these four relevant dimensions of societal life is the underlying cause of such changes, and on the other, the state as main actor of the sociopolitical and legal dimension is the initiator of those changes. Applying the social quality approach, I will reflect in this article on the consequences of these changes, especially in Ukraine. In comparison, the dominant Western interpretation of the “welfare state” will also be discussed.
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SZTOMPKA, PIOTR. "From East Europeans to Europeans: shifting collective identities and symbolic boundaries in the New Europe*." European Review 12, no. 4 (October 2004): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798704000420.
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On 1 May 2004, Europe changed. This date marks both a beginning and an end. The enlargement of the European Union signals the beginning of a new phase in the history of Western Europe, and, for the new members from Eastern Europe, the end of a long period of exclusion and separation. Commentaries on this epochal event usually focus on ‘hard’ institutional factors such as political rearrangements, legal coordination and economic readjustments, etc. I will focus more on the ‘soft’ cultural and human factors; what I consider to be the intangibles and imponderables of a new, emerging Europe. I am convinced that culture really matters in social life.
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SAITO, OSAMU. "Introduction: The economic and social aspects of the family life-cycle in traditional and modern Japan." Continuity and Change 15, no. 1 (May 2000): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416099003458.
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Since the publication of the seminal book of essays Household and family in past time in 1972, much research on the history of the family has concentrated on the situation in western and eastern Europe, and relied almost exclusively on census-type documents. It is, for example, established that whereas mean household size was small, the mean age at first marriage fairly high and neo-localism (the formation of an independent household on marriage) dominant in western Europe, almost the opposite applied in eastern Europe. Yet these findings do not preclude the possibility of discovering regions where in statistical terms the mean household size was not large and the proportion of complex households not particularly high, but where the neo-local mode of household formation was not the norm. Such a region could have a preference for joint families (two or more married sons co-residing with their father) with a low-fertility demographic regime, or stem families (one co-residing married son) with that of intermediate to low fertility.Traditional Japan is an example of just such a stem-family society. There the household, not the individual, was perceived as the basic social and legal unit of society. This unit was called ie and its headship, authority and property were expected to be handed down from the father to a particular son, enabling the household to follow alternating stages of ‘simple’, ‘multiple’ and ‘extended’ forms over the developmental cycle, more or less in accordance with the predictions of Lutz Berkner. As articles in the section of Laslett and Wall's Household and family on Japan have already shown, the mean household size in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Japan was not higher than that in England, but the mean age at marriage was lower than in the English population. Moreover, household formation and succession rules under the Japanese ie system were not compatible with the simple family mode.
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Scheibe, Karl E., and Frank J. Barrett. "A sketch of Theodore R. Sarbin’s life." Narrative Inquiry 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 372–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.25.2.10sch.
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Ted Sarbin was born on May 8, 1911 in Cleveland, Ohio. He died on August 31, 2005, in Carmel, California. He was born into a poor Jewish family from eastern Europe, and died at his home — beloved by his friends and family, and acclaimed by his professional colleagues as a psychologist of distinction. This article traces the course of his life — with special attention to the formative influences in his education as a psychologist. As a psychologist, he became a significant critical voice — arguing for a psychology that would embrace narrative as a principle of understanding human life, and contextualism, as opposed to mechanism, as a world view.
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Simakhova, Anastasiia O., Artem E. Artyukhov, and Halina A. Shmarlouskaya. "Problematic issues of digitalization of education in Eastern Europe." CTE Workshop Proceedings 9 (March 21, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.55056/cte.64.
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Digital technology permeates all aspects of life. During the pandemic, all countries in the world began to use distance learning methods through the use of digital platforms, classes, labs. Digitalization avoided the collapse of the educational system. The aim of the article is to analyze the processes of digitization of education in Eastern Europe. To achieve the goal of the article, the following tasks were set: to study the theoretical basis of the digitization of education, to analyze the trends in the digitization of education in Eastern Europe, to develop recommendations for improving the digitization of education. The article analyzed the ranks of the Network Readiness Index and the Global Digital Readiness Index in terms of the technological readiness of higher education institutions and students for distance education. The article offers a case study of the Ukrainian university for the implementation of an e-learning environment. The authors grouped countries from Eastern Europe according to their potential for digitizing education. For these groups of countries, the authors identified specific criteria. SWOT an analysis of the digitization of education was conducted for the countries of Eastern Europe.
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Németh, Balàzs. "Globalisation, Lifelong Learning and Their Impacts on Adult Education of Central East-European Countries." Journal of Adult and Continuing Education 9, no. 1 (July 2003): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jace.9.1.6.
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The challenges of the new millennium are turning everything upside down. Modernisation, globalisation, and a change of paradigm since 1989 have altered our perspectives of the mechanisms by which the societies of Central and Eastern European countries operate. Life expectancy has increased throughout the world, overpopulation has stopped in Europe, and integration movements have exerted increasing influence, constraining societies by outlining and reshaping not only the ‘map of the future’, but also of sub-systems and groups of societies of Central and Eastern Europe. It is evident that, in future societies, the real wealth generated from natural and social resources will depend upon the quality and wealth of human resources. This article scrutinises this issue within the context of lfelong learning.
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Ivanova, O. M., E. A. Guriev, L. M. Bilalova, and I. S. Gareev. "Socio – cultural existence of modern East Mary subethnos." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 28 (February 21, 2020): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.28.04.35.
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The article deals with the history, traditions and way of life of sub-ethnic group of the Finno-Ugric tribes –the Eastern Maris, who are considered the "last pagans of Europe". Using specific ethnographic material, scientific and popular-scientific works, the authors showed the unique culture of the Eastern Maris sub-ethnos, pagan beliefs, preserved to date and reflecting people’s social existence, beauty of the traditions and essential national characteristics. The authors draw a conclusion that the Eastern Maris present an independent sub-ethnos tending to self-reproduction. Being amidst the powerful Slavic and Turkic civilizations, the Eastern Marian sub ethnos managed to maintain its national self-identity with some borrowings from neighboring cultures.
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Zakharova, Larissa. "Everyday Life Under Communism: Practices and Objects." Annales (English ed.) 68, no. 02 (June 2013): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398568200000212.
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Why should we consider the everyday life of ordinary citizens in their countless struggles to obtain basic consumer goods if the priorities of their leaders lay elsewhere? For years, specialists of the Soviet Union and the people's democracies neglected the history of everyday life and, like the so-called “totalitarian” school, focused on political history, seeking to grasp how power was wielded over a society that was considered immobile and subject to the state's authority. Furthermore, studies on the eastern part of Europe were dominated by political scientists who were interested in the geopolitics of the Cold War. The way the field was structured meant that little attention was paid to sociological and anthropological perspectives that sought to understand social interaction.
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Trujillo, Casas, and Jennyfer Paola. "International Students’ Social Integration Experiences During Their Higher Education in Europe." Studies in Educational Management 12 (December 2022): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/sem.2022.12.03.
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The increase in academic mobility in Europe has inspired many to contribute to the special literature regarding internationalization. This contribution is quite timely, as the need to understand the ties between higher education and internationalization is great. Considering that mobility has predominantly occurred in Western Europe, special attention must be focused on Eastern Europe’s Higher Educational endeavors. This study focuses on the Central European country of Hungary, and therein more specifically on its second largest city, Debrecen. The University of Debrecen currently hosts around 7000 international students, and every year this number increases. With such promising and ever-increasing numbers, it is a constant mission of the university to research and report on the life experiences of its international students, regarding their academic, social, and cultural aspects. In this present study the focus will be the social aspect of students whose nationality is represented by more than one hundred persons at the university. Content analysis was employed to analyze structured interviews to identify categories. The findings reveal four main categories to be relevant in their social adaptation: (1) the university, (2) networks students build, (3) language barriers, and (4) healthcare.
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Bilic, Bojan. "Ana is here: Abjection, class privilege, and the prime minister Ana Brnabic." Sociologija 62, no. 3 (2020): 378–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc2003378b.
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This paper employs the notion of abjection to explore how debates surrounding Ana Brnabic, the first openly lesbian prime minister in Serbia and Eastern Europe, stir affectively lined layers of prejudice across the political spectrum. Drawing upon a range of empirical sources, I argue that the actors engaging in debates about Brnabic?s both private and public life are entangled in a loop of abjection which, while comprising gender, sexuality, ?race?, and the body, reflects strong patriarchal undercurrents as structural features of Serbian politics.
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Kalberg, Stephen. "The Far Slower and More Conflict-Ridden Path to German Social Integration: Toward a Multicausal, Contextual, and Multidirectional Explanatory Framework." German Politics and Society 17, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503099782486789.
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The process of social integration between eastern and western Germans has been significantly slowed by unexpectedly severe tensions along two major axes: the tempo of life and work on the one hand, and interaction patterns on the other. Although distinct explanations for the antagonisms have been offered by easterners and westerners, they share a number of similar weaknesses: a tendency to look outward toward the putative weaknesses of “the other,” a failure to provide multidirectional and broadly multicausal explanations, and a neglect of the manner in which single factors are embedded contextually in configurations of forces. Articulating a series of arguments in opposition to all unidirectional, monocausal, and acontextual modes of analysis, and emphasizing the importance of bringing values, customs, and conventions into the debate, this study calls for an expansion of the parameters of the explanatory framework and a greater acknowledgment of the complexities of east/west social integration.
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Cavalli, Alessandro. "Generational Discontinuities and the Memory of Traumatic Events: the Case of Eastern Europe with a Special Focus on Germany." European Review 28, no. 6 (May 4, 2020): 869–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798720000319.
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In certain contingencies, traumatic events intervene in breaking the continuity of the life of social communities or whole societies. Such events include natural catastrophes but also wars or revolutions. This article looks in particular at recollections of the Second World War.
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Wekke, Ismail Suardi, Suyatno Ladiqi, and Reevany Bustami. "BUGIS AND MADURA MIGRATION IN NUSANTARA: Religiosity, Harmony, and Identity from Eastern Indonesia." ULUL ALBAB Jurnal Studi Islam 20, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ua.v20i1.4902.
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The Buginese and Madurese are well known as fierce sailors and are open-hearted ethnics in Indonesia. It seems that they have their typical characters and identities compared to the other ethnics in Indonesia. Their characters and identities become part of their life, including in economic, social customs or even when they immigrated to a new place. This phenomenology study tried to explain the behavior of Buginese and the people of Madurese who immigrated to Papua. The study also would seek to explore beyond migration of the Bugis and Madurese in Papua. This article was conducted in Papua to assess the patterns of migration and community interaction of Bugis and Madurese with other communities. The study findings revealed that Buginese and Madurese seem similar among others in terms of economic activity, mastery in the field of politics, and social role in the community. Besides, with their capacity, it has a role in religious activities which they always carry out in their environment. By not making it as a mission of deployment religious activities, but rather only to defend their religious understanding in a way that it would be limited just to the internal environment. It seems both the Buginese and Madurese firmly have a connection to the Islamic identity factors that are part of their religious expression.
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Sheftel, Mara, Rachel Margolis, and Ashton Verdery. "HEALTH ACROSS BORDERS: A CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISON OF IMMIGRANT HEALTH IN EUROPE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2092.
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Abstract Although older immigrants are a growing share of the total population in many countries, evidence regarding health differentials by nativity in older adulthood remains underdeveloped. We examine whether foreign-born adults 50 and older in Europe are disadvantaged in terms of multiple health domains, what drives the potential immigrant health disadvantage, and whether such differences are contextually dependent or a general feature of the immigrant experience in Europe. We use the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to estimate physical, mental, and social health of middle age and older adults by nativity in 19 countries. We examine whether nativity-based health disparities can be attributed to demographic composition, socioeconomic factors, family and social support, and life course timing of migration. Last, we examine regional differences in nativity-based health disparities. We find that immigrants aged 50 and above in Europe are more likely to report fair/poor physical health, score worse on EURO-D depression scale, and are more likely to be lonely than the native-born. Socioeconomic status and age at migration partially explain these health differences, although immigrant health disparities remain after accounting for these and other factors. We document some contextual variation within Europe. Immigrants in Eastern, Western and Northern Europe are disadvantaged compared to native-born adults in those regions, while immigrants in Southern Europe are in comparable health to their native-born peers. This article offers new insights into the ways that aging immigrant populations will reshape older adult health profiles in a diverse array of countries.
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Hantrais, Linda. "Central and East European States Respond to Socio-Demographic Challenges." Social Policy and Society 1, no. 2 (March 28, 2002): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746402000271.
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The political and economic upheavals of the 1990s in Central and Eastern Europe were reflected in socio-demographic changes that presented major challenges for governments. Birth rates fell steeply and social divisions intensified, while population ageing was held in check by low life expectancy. Social protection systems underwent radical reform, as attempts were made to meet criteria for EU membership. This paper examines how socio-demographic change and ensuing social problems were experienced in candidate countries. It analyses the policy responses of governments and explores some of the issues being raised in the context of enlargement for EU member and applicant states.
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Vučetić, Radina, and Olga Manojlović Pintar. "Social History in Serbia: The Association for Social History." East Central Europe 34-35, no. 1-2 (2008): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-0340350102023.
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This review essay provides a brief overview of the research and publication activity of the Udruženje za društvenu istoriju/Association for Social History, an innovative scholarly organization established in 1998 in Belgrade, Serbia. The association promotes research on social history in modern South-Eastern Europe, with a focus on former Yugoslavia, and publishes scientific works and historical documents. The driving force behind the activity of the association is a group of young social historians gathered around Professor Andrej Mitrović, at the University of Belgrade. Prof. Mitrović’s work on the “social history of culture” has provided a scholarly framework for a variety of new works dealing with issues of modernization, history of elites, history of ideas, and the diffuse relationship between history and memory. Special attention is given to the Association’s journal, Godišnjak za društvenu istoriju/Annual for Social History, which published studies on economic history, social groups, gender issue, cultural history, modernization, and the history of everyday life in the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. Methodologically routed in social history, these research projects are interdisciplinary, being a joint endeavor of sociologists, art historians, and scholars of visual culture.