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Journal articles on the topic 'Europe – Foreign relations – 1945-'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Papenko, Natalia, and Yevgen Papenko. "The policy of the Austrian Republic concerning the constant neutrality (1945-1955)." European Historical Studies, no. 4 (2016): 192–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2016.04.192-208.

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The article is devoted to the exploration of the constant neutrality status of the Second Austrian republic, to its political and legal research, its effectiveness as an instrument of the foreign policy of the state. The problem of the Austrian constant neutrality status is the post-war system of international relations was and is one of the main issues of Austrian internal and foreign policy, as long as it was directly connected with the discontinuance of occupation by the states of anti-Hitler coalition. Status of constant neutrality had to become a pledge of the existence of Austria as an i

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2

Каменски, Стефан. "СЛЕДВОЕННИТЕ РЕЖИМИ В БЪЛГАРИЯ И РУМЪНИЯ: ПОГЛЕД ОТВЪД АТЛАНТИКА В ДОКЛАДИТЕ НА МАРК ЕТРИДЖ". Терени, № 9 (18 червня 2025): 154–70. https://doi.org/10.60053/ter.2024.9.154-170.

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The path of the post-war settlement with the former Nazi satellites from Eastern Europe is marked by the requirements of the Yalta Declaration for a Liberated Europe for the establishment of representative governments comprised of all democratic elements in these countries. In this respect, the coalition governments of Bulgaria and Romania, established at the end of the summer of 1944, faced the gravest problems in terms of their recognition by the western powers which naturally impeded the conclusion of their peace treaties. The authorities in the USA and Great Britain, two of the main allies

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Behar, Joseph. "Diplomacy and Essential Workers: Official British Recruitment of Foreign Labor in Italy, 1945–1951." Journal of Policy History 15, no. 3 (2003): 324–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2003.0015.

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The recruitment of about seven thousand Italian migrant workers by the postwar British Labour government is an interesting study in the use of foreign labor recruitment as a diplomatic policy. Foreign labor recruitment has generally been regarded as primarily an economic policy, with political ramifications entering into the picture in the form of domestic issues around integration, racism, labor relations and so on. However, the various British schemes to recruit Italian migrant workers from 1945 to 1951, and the discussion around the movement of migrant workers in postwar Europe carried on i

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4

Alstein, Maarten Van. "From Enigma to Enemy: Paul-Henri Spaak, the Belgian Diplomatic Elite, and the Soviet Union, 1944–1945." Journal of Cold War Studies 13, no. 3 (2011): 126–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00144.

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This article draws on recently declassified documents from the Belgian archives to assess the division within the Belgian diplomatic service about Soviet intentions at the start of the Cold War. The diplomatic corps was divided between those who viewed the Soviet Union favorably and believed that continued close cooperation after the war was both feasible and essential, and those who were wary of Soviet intentions in Eastern Europe and believed that Western democracies would have to be united in opposing Soviet encroachments. Paul-Henri Spaak, the long-time Belgian foreign minister, was initia

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Chizhevskaya, M. P. "Tōgō Kazuhiko: Japan Should Rely on the Power of Its Culture (Interviewer Maria Chizhevskaya)." Yearbook Japan 51 (December 7, 2022): 370–83. https://doi.org/10.55105/2687-1440-2022-51-370-383.

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On March 30, 2022, Professor Tōgō Kazuhiko gave an interview in Tokyo. Professor is known as an expert on Russia and Europe, the author of many books, among which are The Inside Story of the Negotiations on the Northern Territories: Five Lost Windows of Opportunity [Tōgō, 2010], Japan’s Foreign Policy 1945– 2009: The Quest for a Proactive Policy [Tōgō, 2011]. Professor Tōgō shared his opinion on current complicated issues, including Japan’s relations with the US, Europe, and China, the Russia-Ukraine crisis, conflict between Russia and the West, as well as his view of the Western values an

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Jakubec, Pavol. "London 1940-1945, A Europe in Miniature? The Case of Norwegian, Polish and Czechoslovak Exiles." Debater a Europa, no. 13 (July 1, 2015): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-6336_13_6.

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This paper discusses experience of representatives of three European small powers assembled in the London during WWII - Norway, Czechoslovakia and Poland. A common cause, comparable setting and frequent contacts created a promising framework for a new quality of their mutual relations that could, eventually, endorse the European idea. This proved to be at best a partial success: The exiles acted by-and-large as guardians of national interests and identities. As such, and owing to their strained position, they paid considerable attention to status as a principal asset. They subscribed of intern

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7

Young, John W. "The Foreign Office, the French and the post-war division of Germany 1945–46." Review of International Studies 12, no. 3 (1986): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500113944.

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When, in May 1945, the Allies finally defeated Nazi Germany and began their military occupation, no-one expected that within five years the country would be divided into two political halves, one tied to the West and the other to the Soviet Union. Germany, despite its defeat in 1918, had remained the most powerful state in central Europe and had been an undoubted great power since 1870. If anything, the fear was that Germany would revive quickly and become a menace to the peace again. That it did become divided between East and West was of course due to the start of the ‘Cold War’ after 1945,

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8

Rymar, Ihor. "The british-american direction in the strategy of the Third International in 1941-1943 (on the materials of the «diary» of Georgi Dimitrov)." American History & Politics Scientific edition, no. 7 (2019): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2019.07.92-102.

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On the basis of diary entries of the Secretary General of the Third International G. Dimitrov, documents of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, and documents of Soviet foreign policy, the author analyzes the characteristic features of the discursive model of the strategy and tactics of the Third International in 1941-1943, especially its activities in the field of propaganda regarding the Communist Party of the USA and the Communist Party of Great Britain during the first period of the German-Soviet war of 1941-1945 and in the process of the formation of the Anti-Hitler coali

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9

Pachocka, Marta. "Zagadnienie mocarstwowości Francji w dobie V Republiki (do 2007 roku)." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 1 (December 5, 2012): 233–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2012.1.9.

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During World War II and the postwar years, France’s international position has been weakened. The seizure of power by Charles de Gaulle in 1958 contributed to a stabilization of the political situation in the country and to a redefinition of French foreign policy. The article analyzes the international position of France from the end of World War II until 2007, when Nicolas Sarkozy won the presidential election. Thus, the article covers the period of the existence of two French republics: the Fourth Republic in the years 1946–1958 and the Fifth Republic, which remains Hexagone’s contemporary p

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10

Eck, Jean-François. "Acteurs et problèmes des relations économiques et financières franco-allemandes après 1945." Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 39, no. 2 (2007): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reval.2007.5935.

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The economic and financial relationships between France and Germany during the second half of the XXth century build an important field for historical research which could be more developed. From the mid 1950s, their scale becomes significantly greater, as well as in external trade, foreign investments or monetary transactions, even if many features from the past remain, such as the composition of exchanged goods or the localisation of investments. The actors of these relationships set up many-sided and varied strategies, those of private enterprises, but also of public administrations and of

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Demberel, K. "Manifestation of the Internal Systemic Conflict in Mongolia." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 36 (2021): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2021.36.17.

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The article deals with the issue of Mongolia's foreign policy during the Cold War. This period is divided into two parts. The first period, 1945-1960s, is a period of conflict between two systems: socialism and capitalism. In this first period of the Cold War Mongolia managed to establish diplomatic relations with socialist countries of Eastern Europe, as the “system allowed”. The second period, from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s, is the period of the conflict of the socialist system, the period of the Soviet-Chinese confrontation. During this period Mongolia's foreign policy changed dramatic

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12

Micko, P. "Foreign Trade Relations of the Slovak Republic (1939-1945) with the Counttries of South-Eastern Europe." Codrul Cosminului. New series 22, no. 1 (2016): 93–110.

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13

Kakovkina, Olga. "Foreign Delegations in Dnipropetrovsk City and Dnipropetrovska Oblast in 1945–1959." Roxolania Historĭca = Historical Roxolania 2 (December 28, 2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/30190213.

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The purpose of the article is to figure out the features of a foreign presence in the city and the region during 1945–1959, its intensity and content on the example of the visit of foreign delegations – from the end of the World War II, as a result of which the political map of Europe and the world, the content of international relations have changed, to the assignment to Dnipropetrovsk the status of a conditionally closed city in August 1959, which led to the prohibition of its visit by foreigners until 1987.Research methods: historical-chronological, comparative.Main results: One of the aspe

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Novoseltsev, Boris. "Review of the monograph by Lyubodrag Dimić “Between East and West. Yugoslavia, Superpowers and the issue of security in Europe (1945–1975)”." Slavic Almanac, no. 1-2 (2024): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2024.1-2.24.

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Using mainly Serbian archival materials, L. Dimić fits the history of Yugoslav foreign policy into the broader context of international relations during the Cold War, the politics of superpowers, the emergence and development of the Non-Aligned Movement and the discussion of security in Europe. The book shows how a small country achieved serious diplomatic and international political success, which was not protected by pacts or guarantees of superpowers.

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15

Lakishyk, Dmytro. "German Question in the Foreign Policy Strategy of the USA in the Second Half of the 1940s – 1980s." European Historical Studies, no. 16 (2020): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.16.6.

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The article examines US policy towards West Germany after World War II, covering a historical span from the second half of the 1940s to the 1980s. It was US policy in Europe, and in West Germany in particular, that determined the dynamics and nature of US-German relations that arose on a long-term basis after the formation of Germany in September 1949. One of the peculiarities of US-German relations was the fact that both partners found themselves embroiled in a rapidly escalating international situation after 1945. The Cold War, which broke out after the seemingly inviolable Potsdam Accords,

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BEGLOV, A. L. "International Activity of the Russian Orthodox Church during the “New Deal” Between the State and the Church. Periodization and the Elements of Crisis." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 4 (2018): 104–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-4-104-129.

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The article describes the international activities of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate during the “new deal” in the state-church relations (late 1930s – first half of the 1950s). Depending on the direction of the international activities of the Russian Church, which the Soviet leadership considered to be the priority of the moment, the author outlines five main stages of the “new deal”. The first stage dated to the late 1930s – 1943, when the “new policy” remained a secret policy of the Stalinist leadership aimed at including Orthodox religious structures in the new terri

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Magadeev, I. E. "Contours of the post-war security system in Europe in French strategic and diplomatic assessments (1943– 1949)." Lomonosov World Politics Journal 17, no. 1 (2025): 89–140. https://doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2025-17-1-89-140.

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The issues of post-war settlement have always attracted the attention of researchers, yet this agenda is becoming particularly relevant amidst the ongoing dramatic transformation of international relations. In this context, the study of the mechanisms and logic behind the advent of the Yalta-Potsdam order is especially relevant. The paper aims to trace the evolution of French strategic and diplomatic assessments regarding the key parameters of the security system in Europe following the Second World War. The case of France can serve as an illustrative example of the process of a former great-p

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Rupasov, Alexander I. "Finnish-Turkish Relations as Reported by Envoy Yrjö-Koskinen." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 68, no. 2 (2023): 468–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.210.

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This article focuses on Finland’s relations with Turkey in 1940–1944. Although Turkey recognized Finland’s independence as early as 1918 and established diplomatic relations with Finland in 1926, Finland did not have a diplomatic mission in Ankara until 1940. The protracted nature of the relations was mainly determined by the lack of a basis (political or economic) for Finland’s interest in Turkey. A sharply changed situation following the Soviet-Finnish war (1939–1940) and the war in Europe inevitably required additional information for evaluation of the processes taking place. Neutral Turkey

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19

Minkova, Kristina. "Visits of American Parliamentary Delegations to the USSR in the Summer – Fall of 1945." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (March 2024): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.1.10.

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Introduction. The summer of 1945 became a period of exceptional activity for US parliamentary delegations in the field of studying the consequences of the war in Europe for this region, the USSR, and the countries of the Middle East. Methods and materials. The study of the documents deposited in the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation, the memoirs of the members of the delegations, and those involved in organizing the visits of American congressmen allows us to determine the goals of their visit to the USSR, along with the successes and failures of these missions, and to an

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20

Rudolph, Karsten. "German Foreign Trade Policy Towards the East in the Light of Recent Research." Contemporary European History 8, no. 1 (1999): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777399000193.

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Robert Mark Spaulding, Osthandel und Ostpolitik. German Foreign Trade Policies in Eastern Europe from Bismarck to Adenauer (Oxford and Providence: Berghahn, 1997), 546 pp., £60, ISBN 1–57181–039–0.Volker R. Berghahn, ed., Quest for Economic Empire. European Strategies of German Big Business in the Twentieth Century (Oxford and Providence: Berghahn, 1996), 224 pp., £35:00 (hb), £16.50 (pb), ISBN 1–57181–027–7.Meung-Hoan Hoh, Westintegration versus Osthandel. Politik und Wirtschaft in den Ost-West-Beziehungen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 1949–1958, (Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1995), ISBN 3–631–49

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21

Dye-Reeves, Amy. "The origins of the Cold War: Deciphering open access primary sources." College & Research Libraries News 79, no. 11 (2018): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.79.11.621.

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Avalon Project (Yale University)- Cold WarCold War International History ProjectCold War MuseumHarvard Project on the Soviet Social System OnlineNational Security ArchiveOrigins of the Cold WarPrelude to McCarthyism: The Making of a BlacklistThe Wilson Center Digital Archives- Cold War OriginsCold War IntelligenceCold War Politics (1945–1991)Documents Relating to American Foreign Policy: The Cold WarForeign Relations of the United StatesIdeological Foundations of the Cold War–Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and MuseumNational Security Achieve–Debriefing BooksAddress to Congress on the Yal

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22

Jonušauskas, Laurynas. "The Relationship Between Stasys Lozoraitis and the VLIK in 1946–1947." Genocidas ir rezistencija 1, no. 7 (2025): 45–57. https://doi.org/10.61903/gr.2000.103.

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After World War II the relations between the diplomatic corps of Lithuania and the VLIK (Chief Committee for Liberation of Lithuania), the two major Lithuanian political powers in Western Europe, were strained and complicated. During meetings in Bern and Paris held in 1946–1947 the two political bodies tried to establish a mutual understanding on major political discords born of certain political events: the appointment of Stasys Lozoraitis the chief of Lithuania's diplomatic corps by Minister of Foreign Affairs Juozas Urbšys' telegram; the Kybartai Act; and the VLIK's claims to control the di

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Dubrouka, Alena. "Poland in International Relations in Europe: British Government Circles Assessments on the Еve of the Locarno Conference of 1925". Metamorphoses of history, № 23 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/mh2022233.

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The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of assessments by representatives of British government circles of Poland place and role in international relations in Europe on the eve of the Locarno Conference. The sources for the work were the documents of the Foreign Office, the Cabinet, and the parliamentary debates materials for the period from November 1924 to October 1925. The emergence of Cabinet members and parliamentarians assessments of Poland&apos;s place and role in international relations was facilitated by the solution of current foreign policy tasks in Europe: dis

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Shnitser, Ihor. "The Soviet Union and the Slovak question during the second World War." Scientific Papers of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. History 34 (December 29, 2021): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2021-34.123-136.

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The purpose of the article is to study the Slovak question in the foreign policy of the Soviet Union during the Second World War. The methodological basis of the proposed article is the principles of historicism and objectivity, the application of which involves an unbiased depiction of past events in their historical context. To carry out a comprehensive scientifi c analysis of the article, the author has used the unique historical research methods – problematic, comparative-historical, retrospective, and diachronic. The scientifi c novelty lies in the systematic analysis of the place and the

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Nemchaninov, D. G. "POLAND AND THE MARSHALL PLAN: THE UNITED STATES ATTEMPTS TO TURN THE POLITICAL COURSE OF THE POLISH LEADERSHIP TOWARDS THE WEST IN 1947." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 2 (61) (2023): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-49-59.

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The article examines the attempts of the United States in 1947 to involve Poland in the Marshall Plan. The motives of Washington's foreign policy in this direction, as well as the views of President Truman on the development of integration processes in post-war Europe, are investigated. After the failure of attempts in the first post-war years to bring to power a government oriented towards Washington and London, the American leadership, actualizing the traditional foreign trade relations of the Poles and taking advantage of the split in the Polish establishment, hoped to make a smooth turn of

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Burk, Kathleen. "The Marshall Plan: Filling in Some of the Blanks." Contemporary European History 10, no. 2 (2001): 267–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301002053.

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Dominique Barjot, Rémi Baudouï and Danièle Voldman, eds., Les Reconstructions en Europe (1945–1949) (Paris: Editions Complexe, 1997), 342 pp., FF175, ISBN 2-870-27693-1. Matthias Kipping and Ove Bjarnar, eds., The Americanisation of European Business: The Marshall Plan and the Transfer of US Management Models (London: Routledge, 1998), 235 pp., £50.00, ISBN 0-415-17191-1. Jeffry M. Diefendorf, Axel Frohn and Hermann-Josef Rupieper, eds., American Policy and the Reconstruction of Western Germany, 1945–1955 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and the German Historical Institute, Washington, D

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Walczak, Henryk. "Polscy przedstawiciele dyplomatyczni w Rumunii w latach 1918–1940. Część I: 1918–1940." Polish Biographical Studies 4, no. 1 (2016): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/pbs.2016.02.

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Polish politicians had appreciated the importance of relations with Romania since the beginning of the independent Poland, indicating the need for close political and economic cooperation with that country which would serve to resist the Soviet expansion in Central and Eastern Europe. The establishment of official diplomatic relations between Poland and Romania proved to be a rather complex process. It was essentially affected by the lack of agreement between the two centers competing for leadership in Poland, that is the authorities in Warsaw and the Polish National Committee (KNP) in Paris.

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Kudryachenko, A. "The Yalta Conference of the “Big Three” in 1945 and Ukraine’s Appearance on the International Stage." Problems of World History, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2016-2-6.

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The article analyzes the decisions of the Yalta international conference of the leaders of the Allied States, i.e. USSR, USA and UK, aimed at solving the key issues of the final stage of war with Nazi Germany and its satellites: coordination of military activities, creation of four occupation zones on German territory, declared common goal of unconditional surrender as well as the principles of the post-war demilitarization and denazification of Germany, just punishment of war criminals, compensation for damages caused by the Nazis and creation of the inter-Alliance Control Commission in Mosco

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ANAND, R. P. "The Formation of International Organizations and India: A Historical Study." Leiden Journal of International Law 23, no. 1 (2010): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156509990318.

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AbstractAs the clash of aspirations increased among European countries, a European ‘civil war’ started in 1914, which engulfed the whole world. With all the terrible destruction and loss of life, it was felt that an international organization must be established to avert war in future. At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, the British government succeeded in gaining separate representation for its dominions, including India. This created a rather anomalous situation, since a dependency of a foreign power, a colony which could not control its internal affairs, was accepted as a sovereign state

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Bederman, David J. "Jurisprudence of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission: Albania Claims." American Journal of International Law 106, no. 2 (2012): 271–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.106.2.0271.

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Albania ranks among the smallest and poorest countries in Europe, located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas just north of Greece. It gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912 (accounting for the fact that a majority of the population is Muslim) and subsisted as a monarchy for much of the interwar period. Albania was occupied by Italy (and then Nazi Germany) for all of the Second World War. Communist partisans expelled the Germans in 1944, without the assistance of Soviet forces, and thus began nearly a half-century of a totalitarian, isolationist rule by an extremely repressive Com

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Kaviaka, Iryna. "German Question, 1945–1990, in Anglo-American Historiography: Key Aspects of the Problem Study." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 4 (2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640013665-9.

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Understanding and, after the unification of Germany in 1990, rethinking the process of evolution of the German Question, in particular its main components, is an important scholarly task. The origins of the modern power of Germany, its desire to establish itself as a world power, were formed in 1945–1990 with the active participation of the United States and Great Britain. Therefore, the assessment of the development of the German Question by researchers from these countries is important for its understanding. The study of the problem contributes to a comprehensive analysis of the post-war int

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Barros, Deolindo de. "O mal ronda a terra: um tratado sobre as insatisfações do presente - por Tony Judt." Idéias 4 (April 26, 2014): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/ideias.v4i0.8649421.

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Tony Judt (1948-2010), nascido na Inglaterra e radicado nos Estados Unidos aonde viera falecer em 2010 com sessenta e dois anos, fez uma carreira brilhante e deixou trabalhos de grande envergadura e reconhecimento. Autor/editor de pelo menos 12 (doze) livros, entre eles “Um tratado sobre os nossos atuais descontentamentos”, “Refl exões sobre um século esquecido: 1901- 2000”, “Passado imperfeito”, “Pós-guerra: uma história da Europa desde 1945” etc., lecionou em diversas e destacadas universidades (Cambridge, Oxford, Berkeley e New York University), e em 1995 criou o Remarque Institute (destina

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Voron, Nataliia. "History and Culture of Ukraine on the Pages of Periodicals of the Ukrainian Historical and Philological Society in Prague (in 1939-1945s)." Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsyiubynskyi State Pedagogical University. Series: History, no. 34 (2020): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2411-2143-2020-34-100-109.

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The purpose of the article is to analyze the representation’s report of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in Prague on the attitude of the president of Czechoslovakia T. G. Masaryk to the Ukrainian question. The research methodology is based on the research principles of historicism, scientificity, objectivity, general scientific methods (source analysis, historical and logical) and special historical methods (narrative and problem-chronological). The scientific novelty of the work is that the article on the basis of archival and published materials, in particular, the letters of the hea

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Frieden, Jeff. "Sectoral conflict and foreign economic policy, 1914–1940." International Organization 42, no. 1 (1988): 59–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081830000713x.

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The period from 1914 to 1940 is one of the most crucial and enigmatic in modern world history, and in the history of modern U.S. foreign policy. World War I catapulted the United States into international economic and political leadership, yet in the aftermath of the war, despite grandiose Wilsonian plans, the United States quickly lapsed into relative disregard for events abroad: it did not join the League of Nations, disavowed responsibility for European reconstruction, would not participate openly in many international economic conferences, and restored high levels of tariff protection for

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Mashevskyi, Oleg, Makar Taran, and Nataliya Shevchenko. "The Scientific School of Americanists of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv: Borys Honchar." American History & Politics Scientific edition, no. 9 (2020): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2020.09.10.

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The article is devoted to the main milestones of the formation of the scientific and teaching career of a famous ukrainian historian in the field of international affairs, specialist in the variety problems of modern USA, doctor of history, long-time head of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History of Foreign Countries of the Faculty of History of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv – Borys Mykhailovych Honchar (1945–2015). He continued the tradition of the scientific school of historians of international relations, which was formed at the Department of New and Modern history

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Milgram, Avraham, and Naftali Greenwood. "The Jews of Europe from the Perspective of the Brazilian Foreign Service, 1933–1941." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 9, no. 1 (1995): 94–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/9.1.94.

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Falaleev, P. I. "The Marshall Plan and the European Integration: The Stance of Great Britain and France (1947–1948)." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 3 (2020): 165–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-3-165-190.

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The development and implementation of the Marshall Plan has been studied quite thoroughly in both Russian and foreign academic literature. Nevertheless, certain aspects of this problematique require further examination, particularly the reaction of the Western European countries to the initiative of the Secretary of State G. Marshall, as well as the impact of the Plan on the process of the European integration in general. The paper demonstrates that this reaction was far from simple and often contradictory since the key Western states had very diﬀerent views on the future of mutual relations,

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Jēkabsons, Ēriks. "Pre-World War II Romania from Latvian Perspective: An Envoy’s views." Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 3, no. 1 (2011): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v3i1_9.

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The paper approaches the working environment and observations of Latvian envoy Ludvigs Ēķis in Romania from the autumn of 1939 when the Latvian Legation was opened in Bucharest until the summer of 1940 when the State of Latvia was liquidated. The main focus is on the Latvian-Romanian relations in this period of time, the Romanian foreign and economical policy and the reaction of Romanian statesmen and society to the events and processes of the first stage of World War: the policy of Soviet Union, Germany and Hungary, the Soviet-Finnish War and other conflicts in region and in Europe. The artic

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MELIKH, Olena, Valerii NEMCHENKO, and Andrii KHVOSTIKOV. "MODERN PARADIGM OF WORLD ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF SUBSTANTIATION OF METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ECONOMIC." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 6, no. 1 (2021): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2021-1-25.

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The purpose of the article is to substantiate the methodology of research of international trade and economic relations on the basis of identification of tendencies of formation of a modern paradigm of development of world economy. The main trends in the formation and development of the modern paradigm of the world economy are considered, the implementation of which to the practical aspects of socio-economic processes has a significant impact on applied aspects of the interaction of national economies in trade and economic relations. There are among them: regionalization, deepening specializat

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Risum, Janne. "The Foreign-Policy Aspect of Mei Lanfang’s Soviet Tour in 1935." Nordic Theatre Studies 31, no. 2 (2020): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v31i2.120123.

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The Soviet tour in 1935 of the eminent Chinese male interpreter of female roles, Mei Lanfang, attracted justified international attention as a pioneering instance of cultural and aesthetic exchange. This is not least due to the fact that it was the first time a traditional Chinese theatre troupe made a guest appearance in Europe and that so many prominent Russian and other European theatre innovators consequently eagerly followed the event and reacted to the traditional Chinese stage conventions according to their very different aesthetic points of view. Complementing my published research ove

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Miazga, Mikalai M. "Western Belarus in Soviet-Polish relations: from the Treaty of Riga to reunification with the BSSR." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-4-17-26.

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The article aims to show the role of Western Belarus in the Soviet-Polish relations in 1939–1941. It is revealed that for both the USSR and Poland the Belarusian question had no independent value, and was part of the policy of each of these states, aimed at achieving broader foreign policy goals. For the Soviet leadership, it was a struggle to revise the order of things that was established in Eastern Europe within the framework of the Versailles-Riga system of international relations. This policy assumed the inclusion of Western Belarus in the Soviet state. For Poland, the possession of Weste

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Redvaldsen, David. "The Role of Britain in Late Modern Norwegian History: A Longitudinal Study." Britain and the World 9, no. 1 (2016): 10–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2016.0212.

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Concentrating on the strength of the mutual relationship, this article examines crucial periods in Anglo-Norwegian history since 1814. In the November Treaty (1855) Britain and France guaranteed the Swedish-Norwegian union's territory against Russian encroachment. Britain was not supportive of Norwegian independence in 1905, though she had wanted better terms for Norway within the union. From a Norwegian perspective, Britain was the most important signatory to the Integrity Treaty (1907) whereby the great powers guaranteed her territory. Due to her neutrality Norway could not openly support Br

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Butkus, Zenonas. "German-USSR diplomatic cooperation in Baltic countries 1920–1940." Genocidas ir rezistencija 2, no. 8 (2025): 68–72. https://doi.org/10.61903/gr.2000.204.

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German and USSR diplomats in the Baltic states cooperated closely during the inter–war period, maintaining much closer relations with each other than with envoys from other countries. These were not just the usual diplomatic contacts where opinions were exchanged, and issues of international life discussed. Diplomatic cooperation between the USSR and Germany was a specific policy, sanctioned and organised at the highest level of both countries. This policy was aimed at ensuring that the Baltic states, like the other countries between Germany and the USSR, would not form any alliance, that they

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Zorin, Artem. "The February 1948 Crisis in Czechoslovakia: Reaction, Assessments And Consequenses for the USA Foreign Policy." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (April 2022): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.2.6.

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Introduction. The article examines the reaction of American diplomatic, political and media circles, who were involved in the development of the US political course and the formation of mass sentiments, to the crisis in Czechoslovakia in February 1948. It reveals connections between the perceptions of political processes in Eastern Europe by various segments of the American political elite and the nature of political decisions made by the US government. Methods. The research is based on archival documents and articles of leading American papers. Their analysis allows us to consider the transfo

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Smetana, Vít. "Unbalanced Coordination: Soviet–Czechoslovak Relations during the Second World War." Journal of Cold War Studies 26, no. 3 (2024): 122–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01231.

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Abstract In December 1943, Czechoslovakia became the first country in Central and Eastern Europe to conclude a treaty of alliance and postwar cooperation with the Soviet Union. The signature of this treaty was a voluntary decision taken by the Czechoslovak government-in-exile in London despite considerable British reservations. The main aim was to secure Czechoslovakia from a repeat of what happened in 1938 with the Nazi German threat and the willingness of the Western powers to accommodate Germany at the Munich showdown. Czechoslovak leaders also wanted to establish a treaty that would oblige

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Speckhard, Anne, and Molly Ellenberg. "Breaking the ISIS Brand Counter Narrative Facebook Campaigns in Europe." Journal of Strategic Security 13, no. 3 (2020): 120–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.13.3.1844.

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Despite the territorial demise of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria [ISIS], the group’s cyberoperations, which once drew an unprecedented 45,000 foreign terrorist fighters [FTFs] to their so-called Caliphate, continue to entice supporters online. ISIS’s slick, high-quality content encourages supporters to hope for the return of the Caliphate and to seek revenge upon those who destroyed it by executing attacks at home. The European Union [EU] was one of the highest contributors of FTFs to ISIS and continues to be a hotspot for ISIS directed and inspired attacks. The International Center for the S

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Yushkevych, Volodymur. "Refugees from the Baltic states in the camps of Central and Western Europe in the context of the American «non-recognition policy» in the second half of the 1940’s." Науково-теоретичний альманах "Грані" 22, no. 2 (2019): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/171925.

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The article covers one of the problematic aspects of US-Soviet relations in the first post-war years - the issue of «the controversial refugees», appeared due to non-recognition by the United States of Soviet annexation of the Baltic States and the conduct of forced repatriation by the USSR. American diplomacy during the presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt adhered to the «non-recognition policy», concluded in the Stimson Doctrine (January 7, 1932) and the Welles Declaration (July 23, 1940). However, declared foreign policy acts did not lead to a decrease of the level of official relations

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Khablova, Elizaveta S. "The Celebration of the Decade of Franco-Soviet Scientific Cooperation in 1934 in the Context of the Establishment and Development of Scientific Relations between France and the USSR during the “Pink Decade”." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya, no. 91 (2024): 185–91. https://doi.org/10.17223/19988613/91/22.

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This article examines the preparation and realisation of the commemorative events of the «Decade of SovietFrench Scientific Cooperation» in 1934 in the context of the establishment and development of scientific relations between the two countries during the «Pink Decade» (1930–1937). The study is based on a historical-genetic method and a systematic approach that allows for a coherent analysis of the organisation and realisation of events, seeing scientific cooperation as a system of relations at different levels. The article describes the preparatory phase of the celebration, including the pa

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Oliynyk, Ya, and V. Obodovska. "MODERN CONDITION OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION OF REGIONS OF UKRAINE AND REPUBLIC OF POLAND." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 66-67 (2017): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2017.66.1.

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The most important part of Ukrainian-Polish cooperation is trade and economic sphere. Exactly it represents the real state of cooperation between the two countries at the regional level, but not only declares Partnership in official documents, are shown. Republic of Poland is the largest trade partner of Ukraine among the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and occupies a fourth place on results 2015, as well as in previous years (since 2007), after the volumes of export-import operations by the partner of Ukrainian the world (after Russia, China and Germany). Therefore, enhancing and stre

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Petreikis, Tomas. "The Publishing of International Multilingual Lithuanian Periodicals (1904–1940)." Knygotyra 72 (July 9, 2019): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/knygotyra.2019.72.27.

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During 1904–1940, a total of 26 periodicals were published in Lithuania and in foreign countries in which the Lithuanian language was used alongside others. The demand for multilingual periodicals had emerged during the first part of the 20th c. as new cultural, economic, and political conditions took shape in Eastern and Central Europe. For the governments and businesses of Lithuania, Germany, Latvia, and Poland, the development of economic relations was of the biggest importance, and this process was to be stimulated using the multilingual publications that were being released in these count

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