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Journal articles on the topic 'Europe – Foreign relations – Latin America'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

ÇOBAN ORAN, Filiz, and Adem Emre KÖSE. "İspanya Dış Politikasında İmparatorluk Geçmişi ve Latin Amerika." Journal of Social Research and Behavioral Sciences 7, no. 13 (2021): 197–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/jsrbs.6.1.7.13.11.

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In Spain’s foreign policy, the relationships with the Spanish-speaking Latin American countries have a special privileged place which dates back to the country’s imperial past. Based on a narrative of common language and a shared cultural history and identity with the Latin American people, Spain still aims to maintain its leading role in diplomatic relations, cultural investment, and foreign aid more than any country. Moreover, the ongoing relationships with this region has been one of the key areas of Madrid’s foreign policy for its global role expanding from the Iberian Peninsula to the ent

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Bogaturov, A. D. "Anattempt to rebuild the world "in the American way"." MGIMO Review of International Relations 14, no. 5 (2021): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2021-5-80-49-64.

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Trump’s foreign policy was controversial, resulting in division into its supporters and adversaries both at national and international levels. Donald Trump managed to be flexible in relations with the Legislative, ignoring the democratic majority in the House of Representatives. However, it was possible only before the Covid-19 pandemic. Donald Trump’s foreign policy prioritized American capital that determined US relations with the EU, Canada, and Latin America. As for relations with Russia, they were defined by the Ukrainian crisis. Disarmament is still a cornerstone in Russian American rela

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Akimov, Alexander V. "WHALES AND WHALERS. REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH D. V. GORDIEKO AND M. S. SAFONOV «ON THREE WHALE»." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 8/3, no. 139 (2023): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2023.08.03.024.

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The monograph examines three main centers of power in modern international relations: China, the USA and Russia, as well as Europe, the Middle East, Latin America and Africa. The complex nature of the monograph makes it possible to use it to create popular publication on the problems of international relations, as a basis for developing a database and artificial intelligence in international relations and as a database for preparing decisions in Russia’s foreign policy.

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Vinogradova, Ekaterina. "Latin American TV Series as the Channel for Intercultural Communication with Europe." Contemporary Europe 99, no. 6 (2020): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope62020112118.

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The study of intercultural communication within large cultures is particularly relevant in the 21st century in an era of globalization. Nowadays, thanks to the development of new information channels, such as social networks, as well as public diplomacy, branding of culture and art, popularization of national cultural traditions has become an integral part of the cultural diplomacy of Latin American countries. Despite globalization that has led to the global hybridization of television production, Latin American television series still retain the characteristics of unique products, introducing

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LeoGrande, William M. "From Havana to Miami: U.S. Cuba Policy as a Two-Level Game." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 40, no. 1 (1998): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166301.

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For thirty years, Cuba was a focal point of the Cold War. Before the demise of the Soviet Union, Cuba’s close ideological and military partnership with the communist superpower posed a challenge to U.S. foreign policy, especially in the Third World (see, e.g., Domínguez 1989). With the end of the Cold War, Cuba retrenched, ending its aid programs for foreign revolutionaries and regimes. Without the Soviet Union’s sponsorship, Cuba could no longer afford the luxury of a global foreign policy exporting revolution. Instead, its diplomats focused on reorienting Cuba’s international economic relati

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SCHMIDT, DÖRTE. "In Between: Cultural Exchange and Competing Systems." Twentieth-Century Music 17, no. 3 (2020): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147857222000016x.

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AbstractAfter the Second World War, cultural politics has become a central medium for international relations. Owing to the particular conditions of their development, the relations between Latin America and Europe constituted an interesting case study in which the positioning of different nations in the realm of two competing political systems and the politics of memory concerning the recent war are intertwined. This article highlights five ‘moments’ in West Germany with respect to the relationship between Europe and Latin America in the field of music: the papers of the German Federal Foreig

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Kosevich, E. "EU – Latin America: Institutions for Cooperation and Latin Americans' Trust in Them." World Economy and International Relations 67, no. 2 (2023): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-2-114-129.

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Relations between the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean have been rather unstable. Despite several significant successes achieved in the framework of the European Union, Latin America and the Caribbean Summits (EU–LAC), in fact, in the late 1990s they entered a period of stagnation. The vision of the key tasks of multilateral cooperation between the European Union and LAC was different. For the EU interaction with Latin America was important, both from the point of view of greater consolidation of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), and from the point of view of its

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Berrios, Rubén. "Relations between Nicaragua and the Socialist Countries." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 27, no. 3 (1985): 111–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165602.

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Since the Late 1960s, due to détente and rising nationalism in Latin America, the Soviet Union and the Eastern European countries have succeeded in expanding diplomatic relations with most countries in the Western Hemisphere (Blasier, 1984; Fichet, 1981). For an increasing number of Third World nations, the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) countries of Eastern Europe have become a source of trade, credits, technical assistance and political support. Hence, many Third World countries view CMEA agreements as a means of strengthening their negotiating position vis-á-vis the United Sta

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García, César. "PR, clientelism and economics: a comparison of southern Europe and Latin America." Journal of Communication Management 19, no. 2 (2015): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-03-2013-0026.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between clientelist relationships and economics in public relations practice in European Mediterranean countries and Latin America. It considers the cases of Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses a critical-conceptual method through a re-conceptualization of themes from secondary qualitative analyses of existing qualitative data sets and reviews of published qualitative papers. Findings – The public relations practice in these two regions is similar. The charact

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LORCA, ARNULF BECKER. "Alejandro Álvarez Situated: Subaltern Modernities and Modernisms that Subvert." Leiden Journal of International Law 19, no. 4 (2006): 879–930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156506003694.

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Alejandro Álvarez's professional trajectory forces us to rethink the traditional modes of reading and writing the history of international law. Álvarez was central to the development of modern international law. He also happened to be a Latin American international lawyer. Should we interpret his work and life against the background of the intellectual and political history of Europe? Are the contexts that relate to the crisis of the European balance of power or the rise of nationalism the only ones that explain the emergence of a modern international legal discourse? This article situates Álv

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Weyland, Kurt. "The Diffusion of Revolution: ‘1848’ in Europe and Latin America." International Organization 63, no. 3 (2009): 391–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818309090146.

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AbstractWhat accounts for the spread of political protest and contention across countries? Analyzing the wildfire of attempted revolutions in 1848, the present article assesses four causal mechanisms for explaining diffusion, namely external pressure from a great power (such as revolutionary France after 1789); the promotion of new norms and values—such as liberalism and democracy—by more advanced countries; rational learning from successful contention in other nations; or boundedly rational, potentially distorted inferences from select foreign experiences. The patterns in which revolutionary

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Shkunov, Vladimir. "Brazil's foreign trade from 1822 to the end of the XIX century: the search for identity." Latinskaia Amerika, no. 5 (2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044748x0019543-6.

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The article is devoted to the problems of the development of Brazil&apos;s foreign trade during the XIX century. The author proposes a periodization of the history of Brazil&apos;s foreign trade in the period under review. Special attention is paid to the evolution of foreign trade relations with leading trading partners in Europe, the USA, Latin America, and the peculiarities of coffee trade. The article reveals the importance of the slave trade as a specific sphere of Brazil&apos;s foreign trade, and provides examples of Russian-Brazilian trade. The author uses mostly little-know

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Xavier, Medina González Vinicio. "Key aspects and consequences of Rafael Correa´s left-wing rule in Ecuador." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, no. 3 (September 28, 2019): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2019-3-22-25.

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The article analyzes the main directions of political radicalism inEcuador, in particular the “left turn” of the Ecuadorian government led by R. Correa. It is proved that the new geopolitical situation in the modern world has led to changes in the political and economic strategy of Latin America, when one of the leading political and ideological trends in recent times in the region has become the “left turn” of a number of Latin American governments, which emerged as an alternative direction in search of achieving social equality and improving the economic situation. The article explores the g

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Adolf, Márton. "Nyitottság, elhivatottság, patriotizmus. Beszélgetés Szilágyi Istvánnal [Interjú] = Openness, Commitment, Patriotism: Conversation with István Szilágyi [Interview]." Modern Geográfia 19, no. 3 (2024): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/mg.2024.19.03.03.

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This interview presents Professor István Szilágyi’s life and the major events in his career. It includes, among other things, the early school and university years, as well as all those by whom his career has been shaped. The semi-structured interview discusses his research activities, his travels and his advice for the younger generation of geographers. Professor István Szilágyi is a retired professor at the University of Pécs and the former Dean of the Faculty of Modern Philology and Social Sciences at Pannon University. He is a renowned researcher in the theory of international relations, g

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KERANOV, Dimitar. "A New Look At Bulgarian-South African Economic Relations." INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ECONOMICS, BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 1, no. 1 (2024): 74–80. https://doi.org/10.56065/icebm2024.74.

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Bulgaria realigned its foreign policy following the demise of communism in 1989. That year marked the end of 45 years of one-party dictatorship under the Bulgarian communist party (BKP) and Todor Zhivkov’s rule. As the country held its first democratic elections, the world was changing – communist dictatorships were falling like dominos in all of Eastern Europe, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Cold War were soon to be history as well. Significant changes were also occurring outside of Eastern Europe – in Latin America and Africa. Particularly in South Africa, the apartheid dict

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Duhart, Frédéric. "Enodiplomacia no governo de Rosas (1829-1852)." RIVAR 11, no. 32 (2024): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.35588/rivar.v11i32.6284.

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The role of wine during the Rosas government in the Argentine Confederation (1829-1852) is examined, within the framework of tense foreign relations, particularly due to the Anglo-French blockade and civil wars, which severely affected the traditional Argentine wine culture. It threatened its disappearance, as occurred in other former Latin American enopoles such as Peru and Mexico. It is detected that the need to export their wines was one of the motives for France’s imperialist policy in the La Plata basin. Likewise, wine was important for Rosas as part of his oenodiplomacy strategy. It is d

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Pavlov, N., and K. Khderi. "German Federal Republic and Crisis in Syria: Active Mediator or Passive Observer?" World Economy and International Relations 64, no. 12 (2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2020-64-12-78-86.

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During the Cold War, the involvement of the Federal Republic of Germany into the settlement of regional conflicts was insignificant. The situation started to change after German reunification which lead to the increase in Germany’s role in the international arena. Political, diplomatic and economic instruments started to belong to the main features of German foreign policy in the region and created a positive image among the Arab countries. Today, at first sight, the Middle East does not belong to the top priorities of German foreign policy. However, in the foreign policy hierar¬chy, the regio

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Jenne, Erin K. "Populism, nationalism and revisionist foreign policy." International Affairs 97, no. 2 (2021): 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa230.

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Abstract Over the past decade, we have seen the rise of populist nationalist heads of state across a number of important electoral democracies—all of whom have made some version of the promise to make their countries ‘great again’. However, scholars are divided over whether these leaders' sometimes bombastic rhetoric has consistent or predictable effects on state foreign policy. This article introduces a framework for mapping the effects of populism and nationalism in foreign policy. In doing so, it draws on Essex School discourse analysis and sociological frame analysis to argue that represen

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Rana, Kishan S. "China’s Foreign Ministry: Fit for Purpose in the Era of Xi Jinping, BRI and ‘Major Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics’?" China Report 55, no. 3 (2019): 193–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445519853696.

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President Xi Jinping has raised the bar in China’s engagement with the world: first, in launching in 2012 the ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (BRI) as the idiom for intensive eco-political engagement with a wide swathe of states in Asia, Europe and Africa, plus Latin America; and second, in framing heightened global expectations for this self-avowed ‘major country’ that has moved out of the shadow of Deng Xiaoping’s 1989 hide our capacities and bide our time dictum. This places unprecedented demands on the foreign ministry, its diplomatic mission and personnel, and on all the other agencies that ma

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GRESKOVITS, BÉLA. "The postsocialist transformation in Central and Eastern Europe." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 22, no. 4 (2002): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572002-1270.

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ABSTRACT What is attempted in the East is catching up with the West from a recent position of worse-than-Latin-American economic backwardness. Until now, populations that were sentenced to political patience by the logic of poor democracies have reluctantly backed this enormous effort. Central and Eastern Europe’s post-socialist path is characterized by an increasingly discredited ideology of a return to Europe and a non- European combination of substitute institutions of development: radical opening towards the world economy, damaged institutions of labor representation, eroded state capacity

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Junior, Oswaldo Biato. "Brazil–Ukraine: Partners at Sea or Overseas Partners." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XX (2019): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2019-16.

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The interview provides information on the diplomatic path of Oswaldo Biato Junior, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Federative Republic of Brazil to Ukraine. It articulates the idea that future transformations in Ukraine The article provides estimations on future changes in Ukraine will reverberate on social and political changes across the entire Eastern Europe and the Caucasus. Special attention is drawn to the beneficial strategic position of Ukraine. The article puts emphasis on the activities of the Embassy of Brazil to Ukraine aimed at strengthening cooperation between

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Tkach, Oleg, and Anatoly Tkach. "SOFT POWER AS A CHARACTERISTIC FEATURE OF THE POLITICAL INFLUENCE OF A GREAT POWER IN THE CONDITIONS OF A MULTIPOLAR WORLD IN THE LATIN AMERICAN REGION." Politology bulletin, no. 80 (2018): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2018.80.77-85.

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Formulation of the problem: The constituents of the soft power concept within the realization of the smart power strategy by political actors. The special attention is paid to the influence on modern political processes by the global events. The constituents of the soft power concept within the realization of the smart power strategy by political actors. Purpose of the research: External U.S. Relations with Latin America and the Caribbean under the Barack Obama Administration. Research methods: The following research methods were used to address the issues set in the article: general scientifi

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Э., Музаффарли. "Правовой аспект зарубежного опыта привлечения денежных средств в строительство жилья". International Law Journal 7, № 6 (2024): 108–14. https://doi.org/10.58224/2658-5693-2024-7-6-108-114.

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работа посвящена анализу института строительства жилья за счет привлечения денежных средств населения, что является аналогом российского института долевого участия в строительстве. Автором анализируются основные особенности правового регулирования отношений по долевому строительству в различных юрисдикциях, выявляются схожие и отличные черты от российского регулирования отношений по долевому строительству. В частности, автором исследован опыт регулирования привлечения денежных средств населения в строительство жилья на примере некоторых стран Латинской Америки, Европы, а также стран СНГ (на пр

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Poghosyan, Benyamin. "U.S. Foreign Policy under President Trump: The Middle East, Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea Regions." Analytical Bulletin 14 (November 1, 2022): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56673/18294502-22.14-17.

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The current phase in international relations can be best characterized by one word – transition. The Post-Cold War order is rapidly disappearing, creating strategic ambiguity for all actors. The U.S. hegemony is over or close to over despite the fact that militarily Washington will be safely far out of reach for several decades to come. However, the growing national debt, the looming crisis in the Social Security and Medicare systems, uncontrolled migration, growing populism and partisan fighting does not bode well for the future of U.S. dominance. At the same time, no nation, be it China, Rus

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Rupprecht, Tobias. "Socialist high modernity and global stagnation: a shared history of Brazil and the Soviet Union during the Cold War." Journal of Global History 6, no. 3 (2011): 505–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174002281100043x.

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AbstractThis article questions a prevailing bipolarity of traditional Cold War history by examining commonalities and interactions between the Soviet Union and Brazil in the 1950s and 1960s. After outlining the common characteristics of both states around 1960, it analyses the cultural diplomacy of the post-Stalinist Soviet Union towards Brazil. Transforming its hitherto prevailing image as the cradle of world revolution and communist class struggle, the USSR now represented itself as a role model for the quick industrialization of the economy and education of the masses. Many Brazilian intell

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Salhi, Hanifa. "The development in West and East: between model and modelling." Acta Europeana Systemica 3 (July 14, 2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/aes.v3i1.57433.

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The recurring question asked for more than a century is why does the West dominate the world? Is it a matter of fate shifting between the West and the East? Does this supremacy result from the fact that developed countries in the western world impose their economic determinism and organizational methods upon developing countries? Does this power relationship inhibit the aspirations of vulnerable people to straighten the balance of power? Or is the East simply waning with the slow and tedious pace of development? Such as Iam MORRIS indicates that the supposed greatness of the West would be less

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Shevchenko, Nataliya. "Latin American and the Caribbean countries approaches to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014." American History & Politics: Scientific edition, no. 12 (2021): 104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2021.12.10.

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The aim of this article is to study the positions of the leading states of the Latin American region and the Caribbean on the issue of Ukraine’s territorial integrity in the context of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014. The research methodology is based on the principle of historicism and problem-chronological and integrated approaches, comparative and analytical methods, which helped to trace the positions of the states of the region on this issue when voting for the UN General Assembly resolution on the territorial integrity of Ukraine of March 27, 2014 and to determ

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Yakovleva, Nailya. "LATIN AMERICA IN PORTUGAL'S FOREIGN ECONOMIC STRATEGY." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 3 (2022): 158–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.03.07.

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The article deals with the current and insufficiently explored issue of Portugal's international relations with Latin American countries. It is shown that after a series of crises, the Portuguese economy managed to reach a growth trajectory, change the image of a European outsider and gain the authority in the world community. Special attention is paid to the current stage of structural modernization, the characteristic of which is the innovatization and digitalization of production processes, the development of high-tech industries. The ongoing changes have led to significant edits in the for

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Singh, Devesh, and Zoltán Gal. "Economic Freedom and its Impact on Foreign Direct Investment: Global Overview." Review of Economic Perspectives 20, no. 1 (2020): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2020-0004.

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AbstractThe purpose of this research is to examine the economic freedom (EF) along with its macroeconomic determinants impact on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow in South Asia, East Asia, Latin America, Middle East, and North Africa, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe and Sub Saharan Africa. We use Heritage Foundation economic freedom index data over the period of 1999 to 2018 and employ the stepwise multi regression on variables of business freedom, government spending, tax burden, government integrity, property rights, investment freedom, trade freedom and

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Lopez Garcia, Ana Isabel. "The Myth of 9/11 in Latin America." Cornell Internation Affairs Review 2, no. 1 (2008): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37513/ciar.v2i1.340.

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It is often argued that the first and most visible impact of the terrorist attacks of 9/11 has been the reordering of Washington’s priorities in its relations with Latin America. The United States (U.S.) has focused its attention outside the hemisphere and placed Latin America at the “bottom of U.S. terrorist agenda” (Youngers 2003). Various scholars argue that the U.S has returned to its Cold-War stance, in which it only notices those developments in Latin America that directly challenge U.S. interests (Hakim 2006). Accordingly, after 9/11 U.S. security demands have overshadowed other issues

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Kudeyarova, Nadezhda. "Europe ‒ Latin America: Migratory Space Development." Contemporary Europe 102, no. 2 (2021): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope220215062.

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The migration ties between Latin America and Europe at the beginning of the XXI century were manifested in a massive migration flow, resulting in the dramatic growth of the number of South American natives in Europe. The Migratory Space concept is applied to the current stage of transatlantic mobility, which makes it possible to determine the territorial limits of the involved states, to distinguish the transatlantic space from the general panorama of the Latin America migration movement as well as from the European migration context. At the present stage, the South American states are mainly

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Prokhorenko, Irina L’vovna. "Foreign Policy Thinking in Latin America: Concepts, Approaches and Research Directions." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 19, no. 2 (2019): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-2-177-186.

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The author tries to define terms, concepts and categories the most frequently used by Latin America scholars and to define the directions and thematic focus of their academic activities in the foreign policy and international relations research area by applying the discourse and content analysis of relevant scientific publications, its abstracts and keywords. It was concluded that de facto, under the influence or even the dominance of the Western political science and the Western international relations theory, the particular Latin America foreign policy thinking has emerged and continues to d

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Roy, Ash Narain. "Latin America in India’s Foreign Policy." International Studies 47, no. 2-4 (2010): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002088171104700420.

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Abbott, Malcolm, and Alexis Esposto. "Australia's foreign policy links with Latin America: distant relations." Australian Journal of International Affairs 70, no. 1 (2015): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2015.1085956.

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Mikoyan, Sergo A. "Soviet Foreign Policy and Latin America." Washington Quarterly 13, no. 3 (1990): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01636609009445402.

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Ivanova, Natalia Evgenievna. "Methods of foreign students from Europe and Latin America recruiting on the example of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia." Международные отношения, no. 1 (January 2024): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2024.1.69911.

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This article considers the ways of international students recruiting in Russian universities using as an example the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba. As a leading university in the fields of working with international students RUDN University uses a variety of ways to attract students from Europe and Latin America. The aim of the work is to identify commonalities and differences in working with international students from Europe and Latin America, taking into account the peculiarities, level of economic and social development of the regions, their native la

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Horváth, Emőke. "Foreign Relations between Hungary and Latin America in the Early Years of the Cold War (1947–1959)." East Central Europe 49, no. 1 (2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763308-49010006.

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Abstract This article examines Hungarian foreign relations toward Latin America in the period between the end of World War ii and the victory of the Cuban Revolution and characterizes the problems raised by the general guidelines of Hungarian foreign policy toward the region. It seeks to answer the following questions: What political influences triggered Hungary’s turn toward Latin America? Is it possible to distinguish subperiods with independent characteristics within the analyzed period, and if so, what were the incentives of the subperiods? The article also analyzes the extent to which the

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F. Lowenthal, Abraham. "Os Estados Unidos e a América Latina: de Trump a Biden." Relações Internacionais, no. 69 (March 2021): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23906/ri2021.69a05.

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The new administration’s prospects for improving inter-American cooperation will be limited by Latin America’s own profound problems: the pandemic itself, which has affected Latin America more harshly than any other region; a 9% regional drop in gdp; and radically diminished trust in most countries of governments, political parties, politicians, experts and elites. As Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and Vice-President, Joe Biden will enter the White House with more experience in and knowledge of Latin America than most previous us presidentes. Despite this personal backgrou

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Pires, Marcos, and Lucas Gualberto Nascimento. "The Monroe Doctrine 2.0 and U.S.-China-Latin America Trilateral Relations." International Organisations Research Journal 15, no. 3 (2020): 202–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-03-08.

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The election of Donald Trump caused a change in the direction of U.S. foreign policy for Latin America with the imposition of new sanctions on the Cuban government (starting a new cold war with the island) and the attempted regime changes in Venezuela and Nicaragua, whose governments are seen as a threat by Washington’s elite. In September 2018, during a speech at the opening session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, Donald Trump took up the principles of the Monroe Doctrine as formal a U.S. policy and rejected the alleged interference of foreign states in the western hemisph

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Ayres, Isabel. "Viewpoint: Art information in Latin America." Art Libraries Journal 40, no. 3 (2015): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200000286.

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Several museums and libraries in North America and Europe house in their collections expressive works of art from Latin America. An understanding of the source of such collections requires study of their history and of the background from which they come, even if, as a matter of fact, collecting works of art and bibliographical assets on such a theme is not new. The interest in studying artworks which do not belong to the so-called western canon enables a wider knowledge of the art in Latin America. Notwithstanding the reasons behind such interest, it is worth noting that some facts related to

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Yakovlev, Petr Pavlovich. "USA and China in Latin America: Contours of Competition." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 19, no. 1 (2019): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-1-47-58.

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In the last decade Latin America in trade, economic and financial terms turns out to be increasingly “sandwiched” between the United States and China, which accounted for more than half of the total trade of Latin American countries, and also a crucial part of entering the region investment and credit resources. This circumstance has the strongest impact on the structure and orientation of foreign economic relations and foreign policy contacts. In the foreseeable future one of the complexities of foreign policy of the Latin American countries will be delaying action between the United States a

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BETHELL, LESLIE. "Brazil and ‘Latin America’." Journal of Latin American Studies 42, no. 3 (2010): 457–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x1000088x.

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AbstractThis essay, part history of ideas and part history of international relations, examines Brazil's relationship with Latin America in historical perspective. For more than a century after independence, neither Spanish American intellectuals nor Spanish American governments considered Brazil part of ‘América Latina’. For their part, Brazilian intellectuals and Brazilian governments only had eyes for Europe and increasingly, after 1889, the United States, except for a strong interest in the Río de la Plata. When, especially during the Cold War, the United States, and by extension the rest

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Klochkovsky, L. "New World Economic Development Trends and Latin America." World Economy and International Relations 60, no. 4 (2016): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-4-48-60.

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There are substantial changes in the evolution of world economy and world economic relations. The growth rates of international trade have diminished two-fold, the prices for oil and other commodities have fallen, and the competition on world markets has sharpened greatly. These new trends complicate fundamentally external conditions for the economic development of peripheral regions, especially Latin America. Latin American countries have reached a phase of considerable economic deceleration. Under these circumstances, there is an urgent need for reconsideration of key conclusions made by som

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Molokoedov, Daniil Igorevich, and Syatsin Sun'. "US-China Rivalry in Trade and Economic Relations with Latin American Countries." Конфликтология / nota bene, no. 1 (January 2023): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2023.1.39613.

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This article is devoted to the analysis of trade and economic relations between the United States and China with Latin American countries. This region is a sphere of competitive confrontation between the two countries not only for foreign policy ties, but also for trade and economic ones. The authors in this article show the peculiarities of the bilateral relations between China and the United States with Latin America and describe the process of changing US policy towards Latin America after 2017, when it radically changed after the Trump administration came to power, and Beijing, taking adva

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Zakharov, Aleksei. "Latin America in Indian Foreign Policy." IBEROAMERICA, no. 3 (2023): 118–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37656/s20768400-2023-3-06.

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Klochkovskii, D. "Latin America: Problems of Economic Modernization." World Economy and International Relations, no. 12 (2013): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-12-47-55.

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The Latin American nations badly need to undertake a dramatic turn to modernization and innovative way of development. However, low growth rates of 1980-s and second half of 1990-s, marginal level of accumulation and investment, low investment activity of the governments, slow growth of productivity and several other reasons of economic and political nature prevent an effective modernization process in the region. In order to solve these problems Latin American countries should map out a concrete program of actions. This program should clearly determine the governments’ role in modernization.

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Cruz, Rodolfo Cerdas. "New Directions in Soviet Policy towards Latin America." Journal of Latin American Studies 21, no. 1-2 (1989): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00014401.

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This study explores some of the changes currently taking place in the USSR and the possible impact of changing Soviet foreign policy on Latin America. The article begins with an analysis of the possible effects of the attempts to separate Party and State on foreign policy and on the interpretation and observance of the so-called internationalist obligations of the Soviet Union towards Latin America. It goes on to investigate the possible impact of perestroika on the internal relations of COMECON countries and any weakening in the commitment of its members to political and social changes in the

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Tkach, Anatoly. "NEW REGIONAL RESPONSIBILITY IN A FOREIGN POLICY IN RELATION LAC-AMERICAN REGION OF ADMINISTRATIONS OF GEORGE W. BUSH AND BARACK OBAMA." Politology bulletin, no. 81 (2018): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2018.81.83-90.

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The article analyzes the priorities of the Obama’s administration in the region and the Latin American states actions in rebuilding the existing system of relations at the global and regional levels. The current financial and economic crisis has shown the need for changes in the economic world order, financial system, which was formed in the end of the Second World War, where the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) play a key role. For many decades developing countries were rather an object of economic expansion than serious actors in the world economy.In the article feat

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KARPOVICH, Oleg. "PROSPECTS FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICA AT THE PRESENT STAGE." Russian Journal of Management 7, no. 4 (2020): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2019-7-4-111-115.

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. In the XXI century, cardinal changes continue in the financial and economic situation of Latin America. New influential non-regional partners besides the US and the EU, China, Iran, India, Russia, have come to the fore, significantly expanding the range of foreign relations of Latin American and Caribbean countries, which significantly increases the role of Latin America in the international arena. In economic terms, Latin America is experiencing a period of increased international dynamics, characterized by the intensification of intraregional interactions and the search for new non-regiona

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Rinke, Stefan. "From Informal Imperialism to Transnational Relations: Prolegomena to a Study of German Policy towards Latin America, 1918-1933." Itinerario 19, no. 2 (1995): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300006823.

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Although never more than a junior partner or rival to the hegemonic powers Great Britain and United States, the German states and later the Reich have since independence played an important role in the foreign relations of Latin America. German-Latin American relations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have been the subject of a growing body of research over the last three decades. The interest of historians has focused on the development of these relations throughout the nineteenth century, the era of German imperialism 1890-1914, and on the infiltration of National Socialism and its

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