Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Europe monétaire'
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Tuncel, Mehmet. "Substitution des monnaies et stabilité monétaire en Europe." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100034.
Full textModels of currency substitution conclude that equilibrium exchange rates or the price level are not uniquely determined in the presence of perfect substitution. In deregulating the movements short term capital Europe has adopted perfect substitution on the demand side as an integration strategy. In so doing the ems has exposed itself to the risk of exchange rate instability. Following a critical review of the currency substitution models, money in the utility function in particular, we present two ways of taking into account the dynamics of exchange rate expectations and the credibility of the integration process. The formation of expectations is studied using a garch-m model of the ex post risk premium with daily data 1989-1994. This study is completed by the estimation of the ex-ante risk premium using the kalman filter. This technique is likely to take into consideration the progressive aspect of the lifting of capital controls and of the credibility accorded to the functioning of the European exchange mechanism. The results confirm growing credibility since 1987 for the Dutch guilder, the Belgian franc, the deutschemark and the French franc, currencies likely to constitute the hard core of the ems
Corbin, Annie. "Seigneuriage et participation des pays d'Europe du sud à l'unification monétaire européenne : une approche coûts-avantages." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR1D011.
Full textThe extent to which governments generate revenue through the seigniorage attached to money creation varies accross europe. We suppose that the relative importance of seigneuriage as a source of revenue in italty, greece, portugal and spain results from inefficient tax administration systems that make it costly to rely solely on "conventional" taxes. The issue of inflation rates is in time related to the fiscal policies of the individual countries insofar as revenue from money creation may constitute an important percentage of government revenues. It has long been recognised that a key feature that distinguishes the inflation tax from other conventional taxes is that the inflation tax is almost costless to collect. We incorporate in cour model this characteristic of the inflation tax into an optimal taxation problem by assuming that a revenue tax, is the other tax available to the government besides the inflatio tax, carries collection costs and conclude that the optimal tax is positive. We show that the theory of optimal seigniorage implies that the distorsions induced by inflation should be traded off with those induced by regular taxes
Mendelek, Nadine. "Coopération et union monétaires en Europe." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100056.
Full textOver the past year, there has been a marked increase in momentum toward completion of economic and monetary union in Europe, in reaction to the Delors committee's plan and to the monetary unification project for the two germanys. This thesis provides a comprehensive description and analysis of this dynamic process with emphasis on three evolutionary principles that have characterized the discussion of European monetary architecture, i. E. Cooperation, integration and union. To shed some light on this important issue, a twofold approach is adopted in this thesis. On the one hand, a formal analysis of macroeconomic policy coordination in the ems is undertaken using game-theoretical modelling. On the other hand, a political economy approach is proposed to emphasize the importance of the wider political context, and in particular the crucial role of the negotiating process, which are not incorporated into those models. It follows from such an analysis that (1) very important distinction needs to be drawn between the definition of a common currency and that of a single curency, which respectively lead to a decentralized or centralized approach of monetary union in Europe. .
Héricourt, Jérôme. "Essais sur la pratique de la politique monétaire sous différents régimes monétaires : de la zone euro à la Turquie." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010037.
Full textSans, Enrique. "Politique monétaire et stabilité macroéconomique au sein de l'Union Européenne." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081282.
Full textIn 1979, the decision of the g5 mandated that each country worked toward a balance of foreign exchange. This implies that each is committed to a process of disinflation in order to improve the competitiveness and profitability of their firms. The governments adopt this strategy owing to the increasing disiquilibriums in both employment and prices that occurred during the seventies. Since then, the governments have led restrictive policies so as to curb inflation and restore competitiveness. If the disinflation is drastic, then gains of competitiveness noise exports and the shrinking of internal demand reduces imports. Mechanically, the balance of trade improves but does not put an end to the negative impact of output and employment. Moreover, the efficiency of this strategy restrains considerably within a fixed exchange rate zone, and all the more if everyone seeks gains of competitiveness through the fall of purchasing power. Additionally, when faced to asymmetrical shocks, the monetary policy in europe is far from being optimal. This is confirmed by the dogmatism that led the economic policy in the early mineties ; it reinforced the recession and induced a rise in unemployment in europe. The management of the unification of germany and the absence of coordination between economic policies led politicians to a resignation to unemployment and a proscription of social programs to reduce it. However, the level of unemployment indicates notably that economic activity is lower than what it should be. Eventually, the basic purpose of economic policies is to increase the production of wealth (i. E. Full employment) while monitoring a fair income share-out : finance must not threaten social cohesion
Menguy, Séverine. "La régulation macro-économique dans l'union économique et monétaire européenne." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100083.
Full textThe thesis aims at studying yhe mechanisms of macro-economic regulation in the economic and monetary union. The first part analyses, thanks to the lessons of the federal examples, the aim of redistribution : instead of unconditional financial transfers, the orientated transfers of the structural funds seem more incitative and well-suited to the situation of the EMU. As to the means of stabilization, the market-based mechanisms (mobility of the production factors, etc) allow to stabilize only a little part of the asymmetrical shocks in Europe, and would then let an eventual place to a centralized mechanism of interregional temporary transfers. The second part underlines the inflationary and recessive consequences of the negative supply shocks, and the implcation of the structural heterogeneity between the European countries for the budgetary policies of stabilization. . .
Mongbo, Arnaud. "L'intégration financière et monétaire dans le cadre du marché unique européen." Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020009.
Full textAt the summit meeting of masstricht (december 10 1991), the countries of the e. E. C ratified an old europe's ambition kno wn since the werner's rapport in 1970 : to enter into an irreversible process leading to an european economic and moneta ry union. Our purpose is to show the european countries will be able to integrate themselve as well as the financial as the monetary field. Knowing that the political will must be higher than the market's interests to achieve such an objective, what will be the difficulties during the process? to do so, we shall definie the term on integration and apply its definition : firstly, on the financial sphere, because the step on the european commission is to begin the unique market by carring the 1986's directive on free circulation of capital flows. So, in our first part, we shall show off the reasons that can explain why the integration on european financial markets has ended up. The interaction of the real and financial secto rs will be approched, secondaly, on the monetary field, because the financial liberation will unbalance the stability in europe. On theoritic point of view, the coincidence on fixed change rates, free capital flows and autonomy monetary politics is impossible if the macro-economic variables of different countries are not moving in the same direction. Finally, can such purpose on financial an monetary integration guide to the succes of the j. Delors's rapport on the economic and monetary union on europe?
Graffe-Pfister, Servane. "Essais sur la transition vers l'union monétaire européenne." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE0507.
Full textLevasseur, Sandrine. "Intégration économique et monétaire : théories et application à l'Europe." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL354.
Full textBouchaddakh, Zouheir. "L'intégration monétaire : fondements théorique et enjeux politico-économiques." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010025.
Full textTThe theory of optimum currency areas shows that similarity of economic structures of the participant countries is a sufficient condition for the success of monetary integration given strategic behavior of the participants, positive analysis underlines other sources of monetary disintegration. Behaviors similarity is then an other condition for optimality of the currency area especially, political economy analysis stresses that with different governments in the countries of a currency area, fiscal policies are subjected to political pressure. The interaction between members of the currency area ends up in fiscal laxism. Because of interdependence between monetary and fiscal policies it is at the end the monetary stability which is questioned so only political integration guarantees the credibility of monetary integration
Mopa, Arouna. "Intégration monétaire en Europe et analyse des stratégies de localisation des banques européennes." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUED001.
Full textIn this thesis we analyse the impact of monetary integration on the European banking localization strategies. In the first part of this thesis, we study macrofinancial effect of the monetary integration. Firstly, we test the convergence of intermediation models of European countries. We find that euroland countries converge in the period of study both in term of credit rate intermediation and market rate intermediation. In return, outside the Euroland, convergence is observed only in term of market rate intermediation. Secondly, analyse the movement of the banking foreign direct investment (BFDI) through a test of the convergence hypothesis. We find that while in the euroland the BFDI are toward near countries in term of bank intermediation, outside euroland it is the proximity in term of market intermediation which has positive effect on the BFDI. In the second part of this thesis we adopt a microfinancial point of view. We analyse the forms of geographic localization of European financial conglomerates. Firstly, we propose a theoretic model enabling to show the link between different forms of information asymmetry and choice of banking activities in foreign countries. We show that the adoption of financial conglomerate organisation enables banks to overcome their information disadvantage in foreign market. Secondly, the theoretic models results are test empirically. We find that the choice of the form of the bank's foreign subsidiary in a country depend on the non financial agent mode of financing in that country
Veulle, Philippe de. "Les sources juridiques des systèmes européens de paiement." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D016.
Full textEuropean payment systems legal sources is the title of the thesis. In introduction we study definition and history, typology and the applicable law. What legal rules are applicable to payment systems which are a state matter? This is the problematical question of this work. Obviously we think about European community law. This is not the only answer. The first part explain the national law of the States members of European community. We will understand that the international law is ruling for a big part this subject. The standards also are playing an important part in the ruling level. The national law (for France for instance) still also on the field of payment systems and even reinforce the European community law (in bankruptcy and shares transfers laws). The national judge will play an major role in application of the law (Sagittaire decision). The second part is about the European community law. We focus on the classical way of making the financial and banking laws. We also explain the new Lamfalussy method for more efficient ruling way. The European strategy policy shows the importance of "subsidiary principle" end the "playing level field" of the laws for European community. The ruling power of prudential authorities will be also developed in this part. We will conclude by the difficult way of law application , the terrorism and cleaning money matter and the new harmonization of the European community law
Jeudy, Raphaël. "La transmission de la politique monétaire aux taux bancaires en Europe. Sa dynamique et sa détermination vues au travers de modèles univariés et multivariés." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100051/document.
Full textThe thesis is an econometrics analysis of the pass-through of policy rates and money market rates on retail interest rates in Europe. In a first place, the aim is to find heterogeneities or likeness in pass-through dynamics in the Euro area since the 90s: common structural breaks or convergences of the pass-through process in error correction models. The analysis of asymmetric dynamics with the use of threshold models as been done to underline the evolution of sign and size effects. In a second place, the analysis focuses on the determinants of the pass-through levels and speeds with the use of econometrics panel. Finally, the analysis is done on the yield curve transmission of the monetary policy rates with multivariate models (VAR,SVAR, VECM)
Brana, Sophie. "La politique monétaire dans la phase de transition vers l'économie de marché dans les pays de l'Est." Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40003.
Full textMonetary policy has two important parts to play in the transition process towards market economy. In the first place, monetary policy must help the restructuring process in furthering the optimal financing of reforms. It shall then carry out a function in the stabilisation of nominal variables, in order to ensure a stable macro-economic environment to the transition period. Whichever goal it must reach, in both cases means of action of monetary policy goes through banking firms, standing as the central point of economic and financial efficiency of transition. In a structural viewpoint, the factors of growth, the financial agent's sparing and investment behavior, and finally the banking system organisation are first of all studied. The banking system dysfunction and its bad repercussions on transition as well as on leading of monetary policy are put forward and various banking reforms are proposed. Regarding the role of monetary policy in inflationist's process stabilisation, it will first be examined in regard to the study of inflation roots and of its persistency in eastern countries. The detailed analysis of monetary policy channel underlines comportemental particularities of financial and non financial agents
Couharde, Cécile. "Intégration économique, union monétaire et déséquilibres structurels entre les pays de la Communauté européenne." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA131012.
Full textThe research studies the compatibility between the european monetary union and countries with different economic levels. To begin with, the structure of emu and its main benefits expected by the commission of the european communities are to be pointed out. Moreover, these benefits are to be analysed under problematic points that govern their virtous connexions. As a main stake, the thesis shows how a close analysis of the delors report underestimates the role of national adjustments in the success of the monetary union. In particular, the emu might penalize the catching up of southern european countries and thus lead to possible divergent pattern of development. Then, it is required to examine the process under wich some reequilibrating mechanisms should be defined. Literature on fiscal federalism currency analysed under the specifities lighted out for the united states, reveals mechanisms that nowadays particulary lack the european project. The historical point of view concerning the converging process in the united states provides some facts on the reequilibrating system inside the american states themselves and thus draw some striking conclusions about the european debate. Far beyond the similarities and differences, this historical outlook highlights that the structural comptability of a monetary union along with the catching up can not be summarized to the simple question of fiscal federalism
Bottex, Agnès. "Naissance d'une identité monétaire en Europe, 1957-1972 : de la CEE à l'UEM, l'intégration monétaire à la lumière des flux internationaux de capitaux." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100036.
Full textThis research focuses on the impacts of European monetary integration on the EEC economical attractivity. Through a quantitative approach of actors' financial accounts, it analyses the influence of international capital flows on a common monetary doctrine definition. By studying interactions between real and monetary flows, as well as between economical and monetary integration, we highlight two simultaneous evolutions between 1957 and 1972 : the "internationalisation" of economies and the regionalisation of banking practices. Linked to the Bretton Woods system collapse, the research by the Six of an institutionalised monetary Europe involves, as a counterpart, the mutation of the EEC into a regionalised economic and monetary area
Labondance, Fabien. "Essai sur l'Union Monétaire Européenne." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677022.
Full textSénégas, Marc-Alexandre. "Convergence des taux d'inflation et crises de change : enjeux et contraintes de la transition vers l'union économique et monétaire européenne." Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40025.
Full textThis work regards the occurrence of the 1992-1993 exchange rate crises as a product of the modalities of the transition towards european economic and monetary union. It considers that the requirements of inflation convergence have contribued to exchange rate instability in europe. The structure of the thesis rests upon four chapters. The first two deal with the empirical assessment of two experiences (the first one concerns the united states in early xixth century. The second one refers to the realignments in the european exchange rate mechanism). On the basis of the results we draw from the latter , we set a theoretical framework with game theoretic elements to put an emphasis on the consistency problems between the convergence requirements and the constraints induced by an asymmetric fixed exchange rate regime on monetary policy. These difficulties have influenced the disciplinary performances as well as its stabilisation properties
Oros, Cornel. "Essai sur les systèmes de gouvernance économique des PECO dans la perspective d'adhésion à l'Union monétaire." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT4006.
Full textThis dissertation dwells on the future of the European policy-mix in the context of the CEECs' joining the EMU. The notion of economic governance makes reference to a system which guides the definition and the implementation of economic policies. Through a historical perspective, we show that the policy-mix is dynamic and that it constantly changes according to two main axes - empirical and theoretical. As the EMU is about to extend, we need to address the question of the way in which this two axes will develop. At an empirical level, while the heterogeneity of the Eurozone will highly increase, it is likely to see structural homogeneities appear between countries. In order to deal efficiently with the new situation, the economic governance could be improved by setting up "variable geometry" mechanisms of fiscal coordination. At a theoretical level, the efficiency of the macroeconomic stabilisation depends on the nature of the economic shocks and the fiscal spillovers as well as on the type and the extent of the structural heterogeneities between the Euroland members
Saglio-Rossini, Sophie. "Les mécanismes d'ajustement par le marché du travail en Union Monétaire : une comparaison Europe-Etats-Unis." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131017.
Full textAdjustement mechanisms through the labour market are studied following two approches. First, relative flexibility is analysed with simplified multinational macro-econometric model estimated for 14 European countries. Model simulations are used to study the consequences of asymmetric and asymmetric shoks ; wages and employement flexibility only allows an uncompleted and very slow (beyond ten years) re-equilibrium. The labour mobility is then studied with a modelling of a migration-prices-wages-employment model applied to the American economy divided into four regions. The simulations confirm that prices relative flexibility allows limited adjustements facing demand and supply shoks concerning a specific region. The labour mobility plays indeed a re-equilibrium role, but it remains very reduced
Grygowski, Dimitri. "Les Etats-Unis et l'unification monétaire de l'Europe, 1968-1998." Cergy-Pontoise, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CERG0299.
Full textAfter so many false maneuvers, and flashing glimpses of hope, European monetary union finally happened. But was monetary union of interest only to Europe ? Even more importantly, was it European in essence ? By creating the Euro, was Europe not trying to create a competitor to the dollar, perhaps even an alter ego ? The purpose of this study is not to retrace the genesis of European monetary unification (EMU), rather, we wish to explore how the United States interpreted the development and implementation of this common policy in the economy and monetary domain. In other words, we will be looking at the United States not only as a receiver of European monetary policy, but aIso as an actor impacting the process
Sadeq, Tareq. "Transition and optimal monetary policy : an econometric analysis for Central Europe countries." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0011.
Full textIn this thesis, I have considered two questions related to transition economies in Central Europe. The first is why some countries converge toward the Euro area accession criteria, while others are still far from the stability criteria. The second question is how did the structure of the economy and the monetary policy change during the transition. I answer to these questions by analysing dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models using Bayesian econometric methods. I have extended the usual estimation techniques in order to consider structural changes in the economy. In the first chapter, I introduce the general methodology of Bayesian estimation of linear DSGE models. In the second chapter, I have built a DSGE model incorporating some features of the transition economies and have estimated it using the Bayesian method. Finally, in the third chapter, I have estimated a model considering a structural change date in parameters and heteroskedasticity of shocks
Figuet, Jean-Marc. "Le risque systémique et sa prévention dans les systèmes interbancaires de paiement de gros montant : une application au cas de l'Union économique et monétaire en Europe." Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40035.
Full textWe try to show that the inherent characteristics of interbank payment system of high value make them particular economic objects : club goods structured in networks. The specificities of these networks justify the hierarchic working of developed monetary economies. But because of their functions and their nature, risks which born in these organisations or which are amplified by their structure in network are intolerable. So it is necessary to define new rules of working of these systems, and to estimate their capacity to guarantee capital markets stability. The previous results permit to analyse the harmonisation and standardisation of interbank payment systems in the perspective of economic and monetary union in europe
Keller, Stefan. "Analyse comparative des taux d'intérêts européens : marchés de capitaux et banque centrale." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010072.
Full textCalin, Diana. "Implications de l'unification monétaire européenne sur les pays candidats à l'adhésion : le cas de la Roumanie." Universitatea de Vest (Timişoara, Roumanie), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT4006.
Full textGurtner, Emmanuelle. "Aspects monétaires de la transition dans la CEI." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010032.
Full textThe transformation into a market economy implies the transition from an amonetary economy to a monetary economy. But this monetary transition meets difficulties in the cis countries in 1992-1995. This monetary crisis has its origins in the questioning of the legitimacy of the ruble and in the deepening of a distribution conflict. These are symptoms of the dissolution of the social link. Moreover, the complex nature of inflation hampers the conduct of a monetary policy. Finally, the institution of a stable monetary order needs the return to the trust in the national currency and thus requires to anchor it (with some flexibility). But the loss of solidarity and the burst of a fight for the sharing out of wealth have also lead to monetary independence and therefore to inconvertibility for most of republican currencies. The institution of a payments union has seemed then necessary for the cis countries were and are economically very interdependent. This was however impossible unless interrepublican trade was first significantly rebalanced. As for exchange organization, the institution of a fixed exchange rate area does not seem appropriate; anyway, any type of cooperation remains impossible because of the lack of some community awareness. Finally the choice of an exchange rate regime should be made according to internal -and not external- stabilization criteria, and should then lead to the use of hard currencies as nominal anchors
Cahen, Didier. "L'usage privé de l'écu." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010010.
Full textMojon, Benoît. "Transmission de la politique monétaire en Europe : analyses comparatives de l'Allemagne, la France, l'Italie et le Royaume-Uni." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100083.
Full textJanssen, Danielle. "Analyse dynamique et stochastique de l'intégration fiscale en Europe." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010035.
Full textThis work develops a dynamic approach of the problem of fiscal integration within the European union. Building on the ambiguous conclusions of the existing literature, the author forges a new approach, focused on dynamic considerations. The author ressorts to instruments derived from the game theory as well as from stochastic financial theory in order to demonstrate the opportunity of a progressive and multi-speed fiscal integration, though irreversible when achieved
Mouffok, Nacer-Eddine. "La politique monétaire dans la zone euro : règles de conduite, objectifs et canaux de transmission." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA083865.
Full textThe European Central Bank (ECB), officially instituted on the June 1st, 1998, is conducting a monetary policy based on maintaining price stability in the euro area countries. But measures of monetary policy are felt their effects on inflation and the economy at the end of a certain period, since these effects go through several channels. Therefore, the transmission process of monetary policy are slow, complex and different from one state to another even within the euro area, which makes it difficult policy decisions of the single currency. The recent financial crisis in the euro area has highlighted the non-monetary optimality of this area. However, there are now signs that the euro zone is in very good way out of the crisis, although some economists argue that there is every chance that the crisis persists over time since the macroeconomic adjustment in the euro area will not happen without Hours or very negative consequences on countries in difficulty (rising unemployment, falling wages,)
Creel, Jérôme. "De l'optimalité des dettes et des déficits publics : une analyse théorique et son application aux pays européens de 1970 à 1996." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090047.
Full textThis thesis analyses the recent debates concerning fiscal policies, among which the validity of ricardian effects and expansionary fiscal contractions, the problems arising from the sustainability of fiscal policies. . . Several indicators of the fiscal stance of public policies are defined and help to study the situation of public finances in the European Union since 1970. The relevance of generational accounting is being discussed. An econometric study of the Danish economy is implemented: it questions the ricardian approach by Danish consumers. An original model is then devoted to the relevance of fiscal policy when interest rates are fixed because of the external constraint. Despite higher interest rates, the economy maintains its initial level of activity thanks to variations in the levels of taxes and public debt. The major part of this thesis incorporates public debt in an original macroeconomic model with wealth behavior in a closed economy, and, then, in an open economy with changing exchange rate regimes. In this model, we determine the inflation rate in the long run, without defining any equilibrium market for money. We then study the optimality of EMU, EMS and flexible exchange rates; the gains from internal and external cooperation between fiscal and monetary policies are calculated; balanced-budget rules are opposed to fiscal policies according to their abilities to stabilize production and inflation to their optimal levels
Matei, Iuliana. "Rattachement de petites monnaies à l'euro." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140522.
Full textDuboz, Marie-Line. "Politiques budgétaires et intégration européenne." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR1D007.
Full textThe treaty of maastricht lays emphasis on the objective of fiscal convergence : the participation of each country in the european monetary union depends on the respect of two criteria supposed to avoid and correct excessive governement deficits and debts. This treaty also insists on the necessity to coordinate economic policies, without specify however how to practive it on the fiscal level. The ain of our study is therefore to consider successively the implications, the stakes of fiscal coordination and convergence in order to see if there are inconsistent or, on the contrary, complementary. To treat of the question of coordination, a twofold approach is used. A theoretical survey of the studies dealing with strategic interdependence has led us to build up a model which leans on game theory. This enables us to give an opinion about the opportuneness of a fiscal coordination in the monetary union. An analysis of the practical results obtained until now in the scope of fiscal cooperation has brought us to study the credibility of a possible european fiscal coordination. The approach used to treat the question of convergence refers to the debate between the advocates of discipline rules, supposed to avoid the possibilities of financial instability, and the supporters of a europe without rules, judged as useless and even harnful. The arguments of the former give rise to an empirical estimates of the sustainability of the european fiscal positions, and then to an analysis of the necessary efforts to satisfy the. .
Tanguy, Steven. "Formation des salaires en europe et coordination des negociations salariales en uem." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN1G004.
Full textChatelais, Nicolas. "Effets de taille et comportements stratégiques des petits pays en Europe." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010070.
Full textLe, Texier Marion. "Les circulations internationales en Europe au XIXe siècle : de l'étude des circulations monétaires à la modélisation d'un système complexe." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070001.
Full textOver the last century, the circulation of money has been used by historians as an indicator of the relationships between people across space and time. The introduction of a single currency, the euro, on January 1, 2002 in 12 European countries offers the opportunity to trace the paths of international mobility in that part of the world. This thesis aims to provide an account of the relations — specific and banal - established between European territories from the analyses of the complex shapes formed by the monetary distribution
Huart, Florence. "De la nécessité d'une intégration monétaire à plusieurs vitesses en Europe, et de son organisation : une approche fondée sur les disparités structurelles et les différences d'objectifs des pays." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50374-1998-205.pdf.
Full textThe thesis is an analysis of the european monetary union process. It aims at an analysis of the problems raised by a monetary integration between countries that are characterized by strong disparities in economic structures and preferences. There are three stages in the reasoning. In the first one (introduction chapter), we review the theories of monetary integration by putting the stress on the idea that a multi-speed monetary unification is desirable in europe, because both the condition of homogeneity of national economic structures and the condition of homogeneity of national economic preferences are not met in the eu. In the second stage, there are three chapters. Each one is based on a model with two countries in a monetary union floating with the rest of the world. The three models unable us to analyze the effects of economic policy in a monetary union, explaining them according to national economic disparities of structures or preferences. The first model is a keynesian one with price and wage rigidities. We insist on the importance of three structural characteristics of countries : the money demand parameters, the elasticities of trade and the geographical structure of external trade. The second model extends the first one by introducing new national disparities, in particular different national price levels, nominal wage rigidities in one country and real wage rigidities in the other. The third model is an extension of alesina and tabellini (1987) model to a two-country monetary union case. It help us to link the condition of homogeneity of national economic policy preferences in a monetary union to the condition of homogeneity of national economic structures. We analyze various asymmetries - with regard to structures, preferences and behavior - between countries : the behavior of national central banks before the creation of emu as compared to that of the european central bank, social preferences, fiscal systems, labor markets. In the last stage (chapter 4), we draw some economic policy conclusions of the necessity of a multi-speed emu. We try to give some answers to the following question : how to organize the exchange rate relations between the euro and the other eu currencies, while taking into account the constraints that are imposed by national structure and preference disparities between the eu countries ?
Nogués-Marco, Pilar. "Bullionism, specie-point mechanism and bullion flows in the early 18th century Europe." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0009.
Full textThe market requires that exchanges are voluntary and the law may restrict the workings of a given market. This is the case with Castile bullionist regulations, which led to an illegal bullion market in Early Modern Cadiz. This paper focuses on the structure of this illegal bullion market in order to understand the logic of silver outflows. Arbitrage is explained by the presence of an oligopsony power that depressed the price of silver in Cadiz and created a systematic bias between domestic and international market prices. The lesson that emerges from this paper is that understanding the specie-flow mechanism in the Early Modern Period demands the comprehension of the bullion market structure for the place and time examined
Jimborean, Ramona. "Développement financier et convergence économique : le cas des pays en transition." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA123018.
Full textThis dissertation identifies financial systems features in Central and Eastern European countries and analyzes several aspects: the relationship between financial development and economic growth (chapter 1), the monetary assets structure (chapter 2) and the bank lending channel as a monetary policy transmission mechanism (chapter 3). Based upon the theoretical and empirical literature on financial development-economic growth link, we show that domestic credit to the private sector has an overall long-run positive and significant impact on economic growth. When we distinguish among the group of countries, the coefficient becomes negatively and significantly correlated to the growth process for South-Eastern European countries (chapter 1). We explain this result by the persistence of `soft budget constraints' and the banking crises that occurred in the 1990s. The analysis of the monetary assets structure shows the preference of holding currency; this is strongly connected with the low confidence in the banking sector, its low efficiency and the high monetary substitutions. The analysis equally shows the preference of holding term deposits, as there is a lack of alternative opportunities for investment and the financial markets are under-developed in these countries (chapter 2). The existence of the bank lending channel as a monetary policy transmission mechanism is examined in chapter 3. The theory is confirmed: lending activity of small/less liquid/less capitalized banks is more sensitive to a monetary policy contraction. We do not expect that the bank-dependence of borrowers will decline as these economies integrate more and become more similar to Western European economies. The continuous diminishment of excess liquidity in the banking systems and the decreasing capitalisation, due to the increasing efficiency, outlines the possibility of strengthening the bank-lending channel in the future, in Central and Eastern European Countries
Lemberger, David. "Les outils, les instruments et les modalités des politiques économiques de la Banque centrale européenne, aujourd'hui et dans la perspective de l'élargissement." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0052.
Full textThis these has for object to analyse the reactions of the ECB faced with his objectives, in the framework of its monetary politicy. So, the estimations taken from the TAYLOR's rule, delineate a strategy of the monetary politicy, announced by the E. C. B as an inflation target, but few elements show that the E. C. B targets a level of production. The recent expansion of the European construction, let new questions appear about the economical policies study of the EBC. Indeed, the newcomers in the E. U, bring about an institutional modification in the decision process of the E. C. B, which is expressed by a possible mutation of its monetary politicy. At last, the analysis explains how the decisions taken by the ECB act upon the macroeconomic fundamentals of the C. E. E. C; the estimation of the transmission mecanisms in the newcomers monetary policy, with the VAR processus, emphasizes their persistant heterogeneousness
Stark, Hans. "La politique d'intégration européenne de la République fédérale d'Allemagne sous le gouvernement de Helmut Kohl, 1982 à1998." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010311.
Full textBouterf-Otmani, Mounya. "Analyse de la politique monétaire de la Banque centrale européenne et la posture du G20 face à la crise des subprimes." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084098.
Full textThe creation of the European monetary zone is a remarkable step in the history of Europe. Then, the European monetary policy is considered as a key element in the economy of this zone. The subprime mortgage crisis has forced the ECB to intervene in the market by conventional and unconventional instruments, especially after the collapse of the U. S. Bank “Lehman Brothers”, in the Black Monday 15 September 2008. Despite these interventions, the European economy has not found its equilibrium which required the intervention of the high-level meetings of the G20. To be able to cope with future crises, this zone needs deeper and more radical reforms that must reanimate the European productive machine, achieve the desired growth and thus reduce unemployment, which weakens more the European economy
Beine, Michel. "Union monétaire européenne et théorie des zones monétaires optimales." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212285.
Full textSaroyan, Susanna. "Essays on the European interbank market in times of crisis." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10070.
Full textThis thesis studies European banks’ terms to access to unsecured interbank funding during the period 2006 to 2012. It contains three empirical essays exploring micro-data on interbank transactions. The first empirical study adopts a bank pair panel approach evidencing that, once counterparty risk and other market imperfections are controlled for, banks with higher funding liquidity risk (liquidity-short banks) pay an interest rate premium. The bank pair level analysis also permits to show that this premium is charged by liquidity-long banks, probably motivated by strategic short-squeezing or prudential hoarding purposes during the crisis. This study emphasizes the imperfection of interbank markets and the importance of theECB’s emergency interventions dedicated to dampening banks’ funding risk concerns. The second essay explores empirically the impact of relationship lending on the interbank debt maturity structure of banks by mean of a two-part fractional response model. The findings show that durable bilateral liquidity partnerships can positively impact the probability of contracting term loans before and during periods of acute stress. The positive effects of the bilateral relationship lending variable measured as asset-side concentration, is however, not straightforward, especially after the Lehman default. The second part of our model shows that the post-Lehman maturity shift is pronounced for partner banks. Finally, we find that our unilateral (lender level) relationship variable impacts negatively long term lending confirming the rollover risk viewpoint of the term interbank market freeze. Finally, the third essay investigates the link between interbank market segmentation and bank–sovereign risk nexus. Using bank and country CDS spread changes it suggests an original partial correlation based measurement of sovereign/bank spillovers providing us with a direction of contagion. Empirical findings from this part of the thesis evidence that bank-sovereign risk correlation is a significant source of fragmentation during the most acute phase of the sovereign debt crisis. Moreover, the study shows that, even if home country/bank ties impact seriously interbank market integration, the risk from other distressed countries is far from negligible
Ondias, Okouma Ghislain. "L' Europe communautaire face à la problématique du regroupement des Etats en Afrique Centrale." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10055.
Full textBougouma, Ousmane. "La libre circulation des marchandises en droit communautaire européen et UEMOA." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUED006.
Full textThe free movement of goods is one of four Communitu freedoms enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the WAEMU Treaty. They form the four « pillars » of a Common Market. The alter ego of Articles 28 to 37 TFEU in the Euroepan Union are aticles 4 and 77 to 81 of the WAEMU Treaty. These two texts have the same spirit ; the ambition to liberalize trade between the Member States through the establishment of a principle of free movement of all valued in money and as such may form the subjet of commercial transactions. The free movement of goods is indeed an essential community freedom. Community freedoms have a daily influence on the livres of citizens of the community and without the free movement regimes no community developments are possible. We look through this thesis, primarily the letal framework of the WAEMU free movement of goods and hence he level of completion of the common West African market. The conclusions, however, are mixed. The WAEMU normative sustem of free movement of goods is faily consistent and recall the EU model. But the integration requires more than beautiful texts, it takes effort on the part of Member States to take part, so beneficial, to the global economy
Hueber, Olivier. "Inflation Forte et Transition à l'Est." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439632.
Full textKazi, Irfan Akbar. "Essais sur la crise financière, la contagion et la transmission de la politique monétaire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100040.
Full textDepuis les quarante dernières années, toutes les régions du monde ont été traversées par des événements majeurs d’instabilité économique et financière. L’un des traits caractéristiques de ces manifestations est qu’elles ont non seulement eu un impact sur la santé économique financière et sociale de leur pays d’origine, mais aussi sur les économies étrangères. Cette thèse retrace l’évolution de la crise financière mondiale, démontre comment la plupart des pays de l’OCDE ont été affectés par la contagion, et met en lumière le rôle de la politique monétaire dans la propagation de la crise. Elle se compose en six essais. Le premier chapitre s’attache à étudier les corrélations dynamiques entre différents actifs et certaines variables économiques et financières durant la bulle internet de 2000 et la crise financière mondiale. Dans le deuxième essai, nous nous intéressons aux changements de transmission internationale des chocs de politique monétaire américaine. Le troisième essai adopte une approche plus économique. Nous y étudions la synchronisation des cycles, la composante stochastique de la volatilité de l’inflation, du produit et des taux d’intérêts. Dans le 4ème essai, nous abordons l’existence d’un éventuel «shift-contagion» lors de la crise financière mondiale et lors de la crise de la dette souveraine en Europe. Le cinquième essai aborde la dynamique intra-journalière ainsi que la transmission de volatilité entre Allemagne, France, et Royaume-Uni lors de la crise financière mondiale. Enfin le dernier cherche à analyser la volatilité de 12 marchés d’action
Lefebvre, Benoît. "Immobilier de bureaux et environnement économique en Europe : essais sur les réactions et interactions de marché." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED009/document.
Full textThis thesis studies the European office market through different perspectives. In the first part, we study the effects of the unconventional monetary policies on the office market. First, we analyse the effect of the money supply on the dynamics of the London office market and then, on the main office markets across Europe. We find that the money supply has a positive effect on the office prices through an increase of the demand. This result confirms our theoretical expectations based on a IS-LM Mundell-Fleming framework. We find also an important heterogeneity across the European markets, with the biggest ones that have more benefited from QE policies and the others that were not able to attract the available liquidities. Finally, we analyse the dynamics of the rental values across the main office markets in Europe using a twostage modelling: at a Pan-European level and at a local level. Our results highlight that, even if Europe could be considered as a federal union, real estate markets still have important heterogeneities that need to be studied by investors
Mounoussamy, Julie. "Fondements théoriques et empiriques des crises monétaires." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0026.
Full textMonetary crises are the first financial crises in economic history, which result in the elimination or substitution of national currencies. The aim of this thesis is to study the theoretical and empirical foundations of monetary crises. Furthermore, a framework for the prevention of such crises, raging in the Euro zone since 2008, is provided. The current economic and political debates about this issue reflect the persistence and the extent of this crisis, in which the Euro's legitimacy and sovereignty is threatened in the medium term. The various rescue plans and austerity policies in troubled member states are direct consequences and costs of this crisis. Consequently, supervisory authorities need to be more vigilant in strengthening their prevention policy. The purpose of this thesis is twofold: in the first part, we analyze the concept, the historical and theoretical foundations of monetary crises, and then develop a typology of them. In the second part, we provide an empirical contribution on the determinants of monetary crises in the euro area and propose a tool for preventing currency crises by setting up an Early Warning System, through the econometric approach of the multinomial logit model. As the primary indicator of monetary crises, the detection and measurement of real exchange rate misalignments within the euro area is decisive. The equilibrium exchange rates estimation allows the assessment of currency over- or undervaluation, which is essential for the implementation of an early warning system