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Journal articles on the topic 'Europe – Relations – Turkey'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Biffl, Gudrun. "The Role of Migration in Economic Relations between Europe and Turkey." European Review 21, no. 3 (2013): 372–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798713000331.

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Turkey and Europe are closely interlinked through migration, trade and investment flows. In the year 2000, the interrelationships entered a new phase. Return migration of Turkish migrants to Turkey set in, of often well-educated second-generation migrants, triggered by the fast economic growth and shortages of skilled labour in Turkey. At the same time continued family migration to Europe and Turkish business start-ups in Europe promote trade between Turkey and Europe due to preference and network channels. While economic growth in Turkey is dynamic, it is also volatile, depending on foreign c

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2

Dodd, Clement H. "Turkey and Europe." International Affairs 71, no. 1 (1995): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2624024.

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3

Gulmez, Seckin Baris, Alp Eren Topal, and Bahar Rumelili. "Europe and Turkey: identities in evolution. An analytical literature review." Open Research Europe 3 (July 26, 2023): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16176.1.

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This research aims to offer a valid answer to the question of how Turks and Europeans perceived each other in cultural and identity terms throughout history. With this purpose, it makes a thorough analytical review of the extant scholarly literature on identity relations between Turkey and Europe. There is an evident lack of scholarly attention on the evolution of mutual representations comparatively in the long durée. Most scholarly works focus on specific periods of time and investigate either how Turks view Europe or visa-versa. This systematic review provides the basis for an evolutionary

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4

Haller, Max. "The Image of Turkey in Europe Today." European Review 21, no. 3 (2013): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106279871300029x.

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The relations between different countries and continents have always been important politically and scientifically. This applies in particular to relations between Turkey and Europe. Through centuries, the Ottoman Empire was seen as the main enemy of ‘Christian Europe’. In this paper, three topics are discussed: (1) European, and in particular Austrian and German, attitudes towards Turkey's membership in the European Union. It is argued that the dominantly negative attitudes in this regard do not indicate a generally negative attitude towards Turkey. (2) Some of the reasons for the negative vi

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5

Diez, Thomas. "Expanding Europe: The Ethics of EU-Turkey Relations." Ethics & International Affairs 21, no. 4 (2007): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2007.00115.x.

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6

Málnássy, András. "Turkey and Its Northwest Borderland Region: Interdependence Within Southeastern European Relations." Foreign Policy Review 14, no. 3 (2021): 85–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.47706/kkifpr.2021.3.85-111.

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This paper examines the relationship between Turkey and the countries in Southeastern Europe in terms of complex interdependencies. The study uses Buzan and Waever’s Regional Security Complex Theory as a theoretical framework, in which Southeastern Europe is viewed as a regional security sub-complex. Sectors of interdependence are reviewed and examined in relation to the region, including the military, political, economic, societal, and environmental segments. The study focuses on the economy in more depth and sees it as a sector the development of which can promote and increase not only socia

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Akkaya, Aysun Yaralı. "Europe's Orientalist Approach: Turkey-Europe Union Relations "Refugee" Problem." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, no. 1 (2017): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p478-478.

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In this article, the immigration and protective policies carried out for asylum by Europe, has been discussed with the understanding of orientalism. Orientalism which is developed by western countries in order to understand the east, is also anther way to define themselves by an otherization perspective. EU countries remained insensitive and inadequate to the migration due to the çivil war in Syria. As a member of non-western civilization, Syrian refugees are seen as a threat to the sacred values of modern Europe. By the agreements signed by Turkey and EU, refugees are removed from the borders

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Jones, Erik. "Turkey, Islam and Europe." Survival 51, no. 5 (2009): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396330903309931.

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ŞAHİN, Oğuzhan. "Avrupa Eğitim Programları ve Dil Gelişim Dosyası Türkiye Uygulaması." International Journal of Social Sciences 7, no. 31 (2023): 771–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/usbd.7.31.39.

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Abstract European relations with Turkey, which began with the application of the Republic of Turkey for membership in the European Community and continued with the acquisition of candidacy status, gained a new dimension with the Copenhagen summit on December 12, 2002. Fifteen member states of the European Community have decided that Turkey can start candidacy negotiations in December 2005 if it can prove that it meets the political and economic criteria for integration with Europe, according to development reports. With the positive outcome of this development, Turkey is expected to become a m

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10

Hasanova, Jamila. "EU’s Eastward Enlargement Policy in the 1990s and Turkey." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 1-2 (2022): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202201statyi68.

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In Europe the share of international organizations in state-to-state relations sprang up at the close of the 1980s and outset of the 1990s. Early in the 1990s, the European Union, represented by the most powerful states of Europe stood out owing to its specific role and importance in worldwide policy. Bypassing Turkey’s continued efforts to join the European Union, creation of artificial obstacles in this count galvanized attention. Double standard policy against Muslim countries was also rebounded in the EU - Turkey relations.

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Teitelbaum, Michael S., and Philip L. Martin. "Is Turkey Ready for Europe?" Foreign Affairs 82, no. 3 (2003): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20033581.

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12

Timofeyev, P. P. "THE INFLUENCE OF MIGRATION CRISIS IN EUROPE ON EU-TURKEY RELATIONS (2015–2016)." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(47) (April 28, 2016): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-2-47-62-71.

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The paper examines the impact of the migration crisis in the EU on the European Union's relations with Turkey. It is shown that for a number of reasons, including a result of EU actions taken from 2011 to 2015, EU has experienced an influx of migrants on a number of routes from the Western to the Eastern Mediterranean. The largest of them fell on Turkey, which has tried to use this factor to exert pressure on the EU in order to obtain economic and political preferences. The author examines the development of the EU migration policy in the context of the crisis, its trying to bring Turkey to co

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13

Satana, Nil S. "Civil-Military Relations in Europe, the Middle East and Turkey." Turkish Studies 12, no. 2 (2011): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2011.572634.

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14

Ertuğrul, Kürşad. "AKP's neo-conservatism and politics of otherness in Europe-Turkey relations." New Perspectives on Turkey 46 (2012): 157–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600001540.

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AbstractThis study uncovers the neo-conservative “style of thought” informing the ideology of theAdalet ve Kalkinma Partisi(Justice and Development Party, AKP). The AKP's politico-cultural strategy in pursuing Turkey's goal of full membership to the EU is constituted on this ideological ground. Based on critical constructivism, this article argues that the AKP constitutes a domestic-foreign policy nexus of change characterized by a neo-conservative “style of thought” that aims to redefine the identity of Turkey. Along this line of politics, Europe appears as a politico-cultural space, as an id

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Qaderi, Khair Mohammad. "Strengthening Racism, Xenophobia and Islamophobia in Western Europe and its Impact on Türkiye-EU Relations." Diwan 6, no. 1 (2025): 297–322. https://doi.org/10.69892/diwan.2025.103.

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This study analyses the events in the international arena underlying the development of the phenomenon of racism, xenophobia, and Islamophobia, which have recently gained strength in Western Europe, and investigates the effects and role of the results obtained in the reflections of Turkey-European Union (EU) relations. In this context, the study consists of three parts. In the first part, the conceptual framework is discussed, and the historical background of the rising racism, xenophobia and Islamophobia in Europe is emphasized. In the second part, the reasons behind the rise of xenophobia an

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Bitkova, T. "Romania’s Interests in South-Eastern Europe and Cooperation with Turkey." Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 3 (2022): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2022-3-57-68.

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The article deals with Romania’s foreign policy vectors in South-Eastern Europe regarding its membership in NATO and in the European Union. It is noted that the main foreign policy vector of Bucharest in the region is an alignment with the Republic of Moldova and a prospect of these two states uniting. The role of Romania is presented in a platform for negotiations which is the South-Eastern European Cooperation Process (SEECP), in the Three Seas Initiative, the Bucharest Nine Initiative and in the Romania –Poland– Turkey trilateral dialogue. The place of the Black Sea region in ambitions of t

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Demiri, Naile. "Relations Between Albanians and Croats Across the Centuries." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 2 (2016): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i2.p399-407.

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The Balkan Peninsula is part of South Eastern Europe, with a surface area of 550 square kilometers and a population of nearly 55 million inhabitants. This is a corner of the Earth with a very attractive geography. It is shaped like a triangle and goes deep into the Mediterranean Sea. This peninsula is bordered with the Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, Marmaris Sea, Aegean Sea, and the Black Sea, whereas on the other part with Central Europe. The Balkan Peninsula is, or serves, as a connecting bridge between Europe and Asia. The countries of the Balkan Peninsula are: a part of Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria

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18

Wood, Steve. "Turkey and EUrope: Identity and Other Crises." Turkish Studies 14, no. 2 (2013): 272–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2013.802917.

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19

Štrbac, Katarina, Branislav Milosavljević, and Vladimir Tomašević. "IS THE SOFT POWER OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY IN THE MIDDLE EAST ENOUGH?" KULTURA POLISA 21, no. 1 (2024): 202–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51738/kpolisa2024.21.1r.202smt.

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Regardless of the existing conflicts, the twenty-first century might be predominantly a century of soft power, most pronounced in Europe. Turkey, which geographically belongs to Europe and Asia, has been looking to achieve its foreign policy priorities and is changing its methodology of conducting foreign policy. The use of soft power based on national culture, political values, religion, economy, institutions, and international relations in the early 21st century represented a radical turn compared to earlier historical attempts. Throughout history, Turkey used hard power in the region, but i

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20

Pesmazoglou, Stephanos. "Turkey and Europe, Reflections and Refractions: Towards a Contrapuntal Approach." New Perspectives on Turkey 13 (1995): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600002338.

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Turkey’s association over the past thirty years with what is now known as the European Union has further stimulated the debate about the nature of European-Turkish relations. This debate began early in the nineteenth century, intensified after the modern Turkish state was founded, and has continued throughout the post-war period.Because it derives from a conceptual heritage developed within a cohesive world of academic reviews, political journals, research projects, institutes, and other bodies and organizations, the body of literature accumulated during the last two decades, particularly duri

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21

Has, K. "Turkey’s SCO Perspective: Possible Contributions to the Regional Security Architecture and Economic Prosperity." Journal of International Analytics, no. 2 (June 28, 2015): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2015-0-2-102-104.

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The paper discusses the benefits of Turkey’s cooperation with SCO countries. Turkey’s economic indices reveal the shift of trade volumes from Europe to Asia, the country is interested in free trade zones in the region and support most initiatives brought forward by China. Being the member of NATO Turkey seeks nevertheless fundamental security co-operation with adjacent states. Especially important for Turkey are relations with Afghanistan.

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22

Emmer, Pieter. "Turkey and Europe: The Role of Migration." European Review 21, no. 3 (2013): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798713000355.

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In spite of the fact that negotiations have been going on for years, the chances that Turkey will eventually become a full member of the European Union are slim. At present, a political majority among the EU-member states headed by Germany seems to oppose Turkey entering the EU. In the Netherlands, however, most political parties are still in favour of Turkey's membership. That difference coincides with the difference in the position of Turkish immigrants in German and Dutch societies.

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23

Yenigun, Cuneyt, and Saranjam Baig. "Turkish Public Perceptions About Oman." European Journal of Behavioral Sciences 3, no. 4 (2020): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ejbs.v3i4.515.

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Oman has long lasting peaceful relations with its neighbours and the world. It is a small size Arabian Gulf state with very rich natural resources. Relations between Oman and Turkey was very pleasant in 15-19th centuries. A century of interrupted relations has started to resurrect in the recent years with the new economic, political treaties and socio-cultural relations between two nations. Turkey and its policies, TV serials, and political leaders are very well known in Oman, whereas Oman is not very familiar to the Turkish people. In this research, to understand the level of Oman’s image in

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24

JACOBY, TIM. "Turkey and Europe: culture, capital and corruption." Review of International Studies 36, no. 3 (2010): 663–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210510000239.

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AbstractThis article argues that current discourses on Turkish corruption are marked by a disproportionate emphasis on culture and can thus be understood as part of a broader relationship with Europe's perennial ‘other’. Having traced elements of this within European political elites' response to Turkey's prospective accession to the Union, the article goes on to suggest that the association of corruption with a different cultural orientation represents a useful means of legitimising the extraneous guidance of administrative and economic change. The ultimate aim of such reforms are, the articl

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25

Suppan, Arnold. "Welcoming the Conference on Turkey and Europe." European Review 21, no. 3 (2013): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798713000288.

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26

Jones, Erik. "Just How Special is Turkey in Europe?" International Studies Review 11, no. 1 (2009): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.01833.x.

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27

Rupasov, Alexander I. "Finnish-Turkish Relations as Reported by Envoy Yrjö-Koskinen." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 68, no. 2 (2023): 468–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.210.

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This article focuses on Finland’s relations with Turkey in 1940–1944. Although Turkey recognized Finland’s independence as early as 1918 and established diplomatic relations with Finland in 1926, Finland did not have a diplomatic mission in Ankara until 1940. The protracted nature of the relations was mainly determined by the lack of a basis (political or economic) for Finland’s interest in Turkey. A sharply changed situation following the Soviet-Finnish war (1939–1940) and the war in Europe inevitably required additional information for evaluation of the processes taking place. Neutral Turkey

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Sadowski, Adrian. "Poland between the West, Russia and… Turkey. The mythologization of Polish-Turkish relations in Ryszard Berwiński’s memoirs and correspondence from the Ottoman Empire." Echa Przeszłości, no. XXV/2 (December 25, 2024): 11–26. https://doi.org/10.31648/ep.9653.

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The study analyzes Ryszard Berwiński’s memoirs, letters, and articles written in the 1850s after the poet had emigrated to the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War. The article focuses primarily on the literary legacy of Berwiński who actively promoted cooperation with Turkey during the fight for Poland’s independence. The main emphasis was placed on the mythologization of Polish-Turkish relations, Berwiński’s views on the East-West dichotomy, and his commentaries on the political systems and history of Poland and Turkey. The myth of a “righteous Turkey” and the deconstruction of the concept

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Babich, I. L. "Turkish Vector in Social and Political Life of the North Caucasian Migrants in the 1920–1940s." Modern History of Russia 14, no. 3 (2024): 657–69. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2024.308.

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The aim of this article is to study the role of Turkey in the formation and further development of the socio- political life of North Caucasian migrants in the 1920s–1940s. in the Europe This study was based on archival materials of France and Russia. The history of relations between the Turkish authorities and Turkish citizens, on the one hand, and the mountain people of the North Caucasus, on the other, includes three stages: the first stage (1919–1921), the second stage (1926–1929), the third stage (1930s). The criteria for these stages: the attitude of Turkish authorities to the USSR, to t

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Ayan Musil, Pelin, and Jan Vašenda. "Party regulation in Turkey: a comparison with modern Europe." Turkish Studies 21, no. 1 (2019): 83–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2018.1564623.

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31

Buttimer, Anne. "Academia Europaea Welcomes Insight on Turkey and Europe." European Review 21, no. 3 (2013): 323–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798713000276.

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32

LAMI, Blendi. "Turkey in its quest for more power over Balkans." Polis 18, no. 2 (2019): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.58944/uyvy1629.

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Turkey is currently a major player in the Balkans, as it is continuously trying to expand its sphere of influence. As part of its foreign policy strategy, Turkey is developing common interests in the region. European Union has changed its policy toward Turkey and, at the same time, Turkey constantly challenges Europe. As history tells us, Balkans have been battleground for clashes of different powers. Turkey is increasing becoming a powerful actor that has to be taken into consideration, even though in the Balkan area it is showing certain limits. The qualitative method is used in the study, r

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33

Yetimoğlu, Yağmur, and Gokhan Akşemsettinoğlu. "Western Balkans-EU relations between the USA, Russia and Turkey." Medjunarodni problemi 75, no. 3 (2023): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp2303485y.

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Driven by stability and security concerns stemming from the recent past, the European Union (EU) has decided to include the Western Balkans (WB) in its enlargement process. in the meantime, the United States of America (USA), Russia, and Turkey have become engaged in promoting the need for balance of power in the region, although their interests have been mutually conflicting. in fact, the USA has supported the policies of the EU towards the WB to consolidate Euro-Atlantic integration and to maintain its authority as a superpower on the eastern side of the Atlantic. Another major power, Russia

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Felicia Nabila Putri, Salahuddin, Syamsul Rizal, and Gonda Yumitro. "Middle East Refugee Crisis in Europe and Turkey : A Systematic Literature Review." Journal of Islamic World and Politics 7, no. 1 (2023): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.v7i1.10.

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This study aims to discuss how the European Union and Turkey deal with the Syrian refugee crisis. The research method used in this study was a systematic literature review using 504 scientific articles sourced from the Scopus database. In reviewing the articles, the authors used the Vosviewer application. The results revealed that Syrian refugees were accommodated correctly and facilitated properly and contributed to the problem by providing insight into digital literacy, information needs, and strategies among Syrian and Iraqi refugees entering Europe and changing perspectives on migrants and

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Brocate Pirón, Roberto Luis, and Jerónimo Rios Sierra. "The black sea: the energetic corridor between Europe and Asia." Reflexión Política 18, no. 35 (2016): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29375/01240781.2460.

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The Black Sea is one of the most important geostrategic enclaves in the oil and gas connection linking Asia with Europe and Russia. However, the presence of Turkey on the Bosphorus Strait directly affects how the geo-strategic interactions of the region develop. The crisis in Ukraine has spurred Turkish-Russian relations, positioning the country as a key player in the gas transit to Eurasia and projecting the aspirations of the Kremlin, under President Vladimir Putin has sought to regain an influential weight in the region - as shown by the crisis in G

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36

Jevtic, Miroljub. "How nations of former Yugoslavia look on modern Turkey." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 141 (2012): 551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1241551j.

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The states that were created after the breakup of former Yugoslavia in the last decade of the 20th century had long been either part of the Ottoman Empire or in conflict with it. It is all reflected in their relationship with today?s Turkey, the successor of the Ottoman Empire. The author shows how the newly independent states look on Turkey today. Special attention was dedicated to the causes of different views on Turkey. In author?s opinion, it is the basis for mutual understanding and the development of good relations among Balkan States and in the European Region and it is also the conditi

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Avatkov, Vladimir Alekseevich, and Alina Igorevna Sbitneva. "Turkey - The West: exemplary antagonism?" Contemporary Europe, no. 5 (December 15, 2023): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0201708323050030.

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The article examines the Western direction of Turkey's foreign policy and its relations with its three key actors: the United States, NATO and the EU. By its centenary, which Turkey is celebrating on 29th of October, 2023, Ankara seeks to approach the status of an independent supra-regional power. For a long time, Turkey has served as a "junior ally" of Washington, but in the era of the polycentricity’s construction, it has significantly changed its foreign policy priorities. Relations with the United States have moved from an "exemplary partnership" to the rank of an exemplary antagonism and

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Sadikov, Mirkomil. "THE UZBEK-TURKISH VISION OF THE SILK ROAD IN THE CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS." RESEARCH AND EDUCATION 2, no. 12 (2023): 68–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10434423.

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<em>Turkey’s Silk Road Initiative, which was launched in 2008 at the "International Forum on the Role of Customs Administration in Facilitating and Promoting Trade among Silk Road Countries" in Antalya, Turkey. The Antalya forum focused on the simplification of border crossing procedures among Silk Road countries. Seventeen Silk Road countries. According to the former Turkish Minister of Customs and Trade Hayati Yazici –“…the Silk Road will become one of the most important economic routes of the global economy, transporting large amounts of goods from Central Asia to E

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Walia, Samaerrah. "EVALUATING THE ROLE OF GEOPOLITICS IN TURKEY-EU RELATIONS: REGIONAL SECURITY, MIGRATION, AND POWER DYNAMICS IN A CHANGING GLOBAL LANDSCAPE." International Journal of Social Science & Economic Research 09, no. 02 (2024): 448–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2024.v09i02.005.

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Turkey’s changing position in global and regional politics has drawn increasing attention from students of international relations. As a nation located in the overlap between Europe and Asia, Turkey’s foreign policy tirelessly influences its relations with powers located both to its East and West. The report by Chatham House and the European University Institute highlights Turkey’s increasing assertiveness in regional affairs and deviation towards a more autonomous foreign and security policy (Cubukcuoglu, 2022). This act of geopolitical moderation is further evidence of a growing number of re

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Savoskin, A. M., and Yu A. Gavrilova. "Bosnian-Turkish Relations and Turkey's Role in the Bosnian Conflict Resolution (1992-1995)." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 3(131) (July 11, 2023): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2023)3-10.

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The Bosnian crisis is one of the last major military conflicts in European history. The disintegration of Yugoslavia has laid the foundation for many of the processes taking place in the Balkan peninsula to this day. For the Bosnian side, the key factor influencing the outcome of the conflict was the intervention of external actors. Turkey has become one of Bosnia’s most active allies at this stage. This was due to many factors, including religious and cultural affinity, historical connections and geopolitical interests of Turkey in the Balkans, and the long-standing personal ties of political

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Yurdatapan, MA, Arda. "An Introduction to Polish-Turkish Relations in the Context of European Security." Kwartalnik "Bellona" 707, no. 4 (2022): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7899.

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This article is an introduction to the analysis of bilateral relationship between Poland and Turkey, with particular focus on its influence on Europe’s security. Since this relationships is not an isolated one, we have to take into consideration the main actors having a geopolitical interest in the region between the Baltics and the Black Sea as well as the Middle East and their potential to influence on Polish-Turkish relations to their own benefit. It seems that a geopolitical relationship between Poland and Turkey has the potential to influence the relations of other actors in order to favo

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Aydin-Düzgit, Senem. "Legitimizing Europe in Contested Settings: Europe as a Normative Power in Turkey?" JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 56, no. 3 (2017): 612–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12647.

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Mamedov, Ilgar. "ON THE QUESTION OF THE FOREIGN POLICY DOCTRINE OF TURKEY: BETWEEN EUROPE AND ASIA." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 26, no. 2 (2022): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran22022128139.

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The author investigates traits of foreign policy which is based on ideological principles and values. Osmanism was a cosmopolitan doctrine and extended to all subjects of the empire. It meant that regardless of religious, confessional, ethnic or other affiliation, all subjects of the Osman Empire have equal rights and responsibilities and belong to a single Osman nation. Mustafa Kemal replaced Osman cosmopolitanism with Republican nationalism. He established good-neighborly relations with Russia/USSR – Eurasia, the Balkans – Europe and the Middle East – Asia. After the war, Turkey joined NATO

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Demirel, Nuri. "TURKEY AND RUSSIA AS MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE BLACK SEA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 7, no. 2 (2020): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i2.2020.506.

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Currently, the Republic of Turkey plays a vital role in international processes taking place on the world stage. Since ancient times, at the crossroads of the paths between the world of East and West, the Republic of Turkey claims to have an excellent position in the relations of these regions with each other, as well as in their internal processes and events. The universal location between Europe and Asia makes Turkish foreign policy one of its main political issues, especially in the field of regional cooperation. Moreover, the changes in the world of recent decades, such as the collapse of

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Nuri, Demirel. "TURKEY AND RUSSIA AS MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE BLACK SEA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 7, no. 2 (2020): 22–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3707194.

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Currently, the Republic of Turkey plays a vital role in international processes taking place on the world stage. Since ancient times, at the crossroads of the paths between the world of East and West, the Republic of Turkey claims to have an excellent position in the relations of these regions with each other, as well as in their internal processes and events. The universal location between Europe and Asia makes Turkish foreign policy one of its main political issues, especially in the field of regional cooperation. Moreover, the changes in the world of recent decades, such as the collapse of

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Kaya, Ayhan. "Right-wing populism and Islamophobism in Europe and their impact on Turkey–EU relations." Turkish Studies 21, no. 1 (2018): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2018.1499431.

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Keough, Leyla J. "Driven women." Focaal 2004, no. 43 (2004): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/092012904782311380.

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This article focuses on the skill and fortitude of Gagauz Moldovans who migrate to Istanbul to work as domestic laborers. I consider how these 'driven' women negotiate their subject positions as mothers and wives, educated workers, migrants and paid domestic laborers, Turkish-speaking Christians and former Soviets. While their understandings reproduce certain power relations in Turkey and Moldova, their journeys also constitute a route for empowerment. Their situation is presented in the context of a 'discourse of sexual threat' that circulates about them in Turkey. I examine how this discours

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Kuşçu, Işık. "Changing perception of homeland for the Kazakh diaspora." Nationalities Papers 44, no. 3 (2016): 380–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2015.1123681.

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There is a sizable Kazakh diaspora living in Turkey and Europe. Since their initial migration, these Kazakhs have been involved in actions aiming to preserve their group's cultural and ethnic boundaries. By studying these actions and related discourses, this article seeks to explain how these groups formulated and reformulated their identities and loyalties in their host states over generations. Many Kazakhs in Turkey and Europe originally came from Eastern Turkestan (Xinjiang) and considered this area their homeland. However, Kazakhstan's independence in 1991 led to an important change in the

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Dema, Violeta. "TURKEY’S SOFT POWER POLICY TOWARDS THE BALKANS." SCIENCE International Journal 2, no. 2 (2023): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/sciencej020249d.

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According to the official policy of Turkey, the Balkans are considered “as a sphere of influence since Turkey is also a Balkan country. The country pursues its main objectives in the region of “maintaining and strengthening peace, stability and sustainable development”, and that it “continues to support the accession of all the countries of the region to Europe and Euro-Atlantic institutions. “. In the “Balkan” policy of Turkey, a major role plays its diplomatic institution TIKA (Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı Başkanlığı, Turkish Agency for Cooperation and Coordination„, created in 1992

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Dolgov, B. V. "Russia and Turkey in Regional and Geopolitical Space." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, no. 3 (2021): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-3-8.

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The article is devoted to examine Russian-Turkish relations in the historical retrospective review. The regional and geopolitical goals which Russia had to realize in XVII – beginning XX centuries and which is stipulated the necessity to ensure Russia security and further economical development are revealed. The factors which led to push of Russia and Turkey interests and which became the cause of Russian-Turkish military conflicts which is occurred at interval of cooperation and partnership in this period are represented. The results of Russian military and political efforts which allowed rea

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