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1

Michelmann, Hans. "Review: Western Europe: Politics and Government in the Federal Republic of Germany." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 40, no. 1 (1985): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070208504000116.

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2

Skrobacki, Waldemar A. "The Logics and Politics of Post-WWII Migration to Western Europe." Canadian Journal of Political Science 41, no. 1 (2008): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423908080384.

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The Logics and Politics of Post-WWII Migration to Western Europe, Anthony M. Messina, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007, pp. xv, 290.One of the most contentious and politically sensitive issues in Europe is immigration. The demographic trends indicate that the Old Continent is indeed getting older. To maintain their living standards, Europeans have to either increase birth rates or open the gates to immigrants in an orderly and welcoming way. Yet despite the practicality and, sooner rather than later, the necessity for an open, comprehensive and pro-active immigration policy, European
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3

Schemers, Henry G. "Human rights in Europe." Legal Studies 6, no. 2 (1986): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1986.tb00542.x.

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Through the ages many common legal values have developed in western Europe. Notwithstanding the differences in legal systems there is a remarkable uniformity in the basic concepts of legal thinking. All western European states are democracies with constitutional restrictions to the power of the government. They all have similar defences against absolutism and one of these defences is the protection of fundamental human rights against government interference. The existence of such legal restrictions is a distinguishing feature of western European politico-legal development.
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4

Keating, M. "The Invention of Regions: Political Restructuring and Territorial Government in Western Europe." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 15, no. 4 (1997): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c150383.

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Regionalism has come back to prominence, as the political, economic, cultural, and social meaning of space is changing in contemporary Europe. In some ways, politics, economics, and public policies are deterritorializing; but at the same time and in other ways, there is a reterritorialization of economic, political, and governmental activity. The ‘new regionalism’ is the product of this decomposition and recomposition of the territorial framework of public life, consequent on changes in the state, the market, and the international context. Functional needs, institutional restructuring, and pol
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5

Little, Douglas. "Pipeline Politics: America, TAPLINE, and the Arabs." Business History Review 64, no. 2 (1990): 255–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115583.

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The Arabian American Oil Company's plan to build a pipe-line from eastern Saudi Arabia to the Mediterranean seemed to many an ideal project for business-government cooperation. A sound business project for the company would give American policymakers more and cheaper oil to aid plans to rebuild Western Europe, as well as a significant presence in the Middle East. Events in that tumultuous region, however, soon embroiled both the company and the U.S. government in a more complex relationship than had been envisioned.
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6

Heringa, Aalt Willem. "Book Reviews: Government and Politics in Western Europe – Britain, France, Italy, West Germany." Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 1, no. 2 (1994): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x9400100206.

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7

Wallace, Kyle. "Turkish Politics: Between Europe and Islam." Constellations 2, no. 2 (2011): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cons10498.

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Since the inception of Turkey as an independent state, the country has based itself on Western modes of governance, with secularism being a hallmark of the nation. In recent years, Islamic parties have made inroads in government, causing consternation among the old guard and allies in Europe. Much of the modern arguments against Turkey's inclusion in the EU rely on psuedo-Orientalist ideas; Turkey is somehow so different and alien from "European" culture that they simply do not belong in the EU. Historical notions of Turkey and Islam as fundamentally different are then propagated to remove Tur
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8

McDonnell, Duncan, and James L. Newell. "Outsider parties in government in Western Europe." Party Politics 17, no. 4 (2011): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068811400517.

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Over the past two decades, a growing number of ‘outsider parties’ have entered governing centre-left and centre-right coalitions across Western Europe. In this introduction, we first define outsider parties as those which — even when their vote-share would have enabled it — have gone through a period of not being ‘coalitionable’, whether of their own volition or that of other parties in the system. Based on the articles in this issue, we then discuss the problems which outsider parties encounter when entering government and suggest some reasons for the success and failure of these parties in o
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9

Scharpf, Fritz W. "A Game-Theoretical Interpretation of Inflation and Unemployment in Western Europe." Journal of Public Policy 7, no. 3 (1987): 227–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00004438.

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ABSTRACTThe paper aims at a more complete, yet still parsimonious, explanation of macro-economic policy failure and success during the ‘stagflation’ period of the 1970s. Focusing on four countries, Austria, Great Britain, Sweden and West Germany, it is shown that both runaway inflation and rising unemployment could be avoided whenever it was possible to achieve a Keynesian concertation between fiscal and monetary expansion on the one hand and union wage restraint on the other. The actual policy experiences of the four countries are then explained in terms of the linkage between a ‘coordination
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10

Bursać, Dejan. "Być zielonym na Wschodzie: sukces i wpływ partii Zielonych w krajach postsocjalistycznych." Przegląd Europejski, no. 2-2022 (August 30, 2022): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.2.22.9.

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This article examines the presence and activities of Green parties in governments of Central and Eastern Europe. In recent years, many ecologist parties and movements gained considerable electoral and general political success, especially in developed democracies of Western Europe. However, their ideological counterparts in new democracies tend to remain out of power and often out of parliament, albeit with a few notable exceptions. In this study, success of the Greens in CEE is operationalised through their impact on public spending and direct investments allocated to environmental protection
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11

Naumenko, Olena. "Politics of the British government for the repatriation of soviet DPs from Western Europe in 1944-1948." European Historical Studies, no. 14 (2019): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2019.14.101-113.

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The article describes the legal aspect of repatriation of displaced people in British government; The article describes the legal aspect of British politics on repatriation of displaced people; briefly outlines and analyzes the decisions of international meetings of senior officials, that were called upon maintain the organization and operation of this process; discloses the essence and significance of the Yalta agreements for the return of displaced people. In particular, after the Yalta conference, we can clearly see the formation of two separate approaches to repatriation. Thus, we can make
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12

عبد الرزاق, احمد ابهاء. "Fascist Organizations and Their Infiltration into French Politics 1934-1936." Kufa Journal of Arts 1, no. 32 (2017): 377–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2017/v1.i32.6049.

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The emergence of fascism in Europe coincided chronologically with the phase of severe economic and social crises that afflicted the Western world in the twenties of the twentieth century. Thanks to social and historical conditions, fascism emerged on the political scene as the only force qualified to get out of the crisis and save the existing social system, not change it. This is an important point, because fascist regimes did not eliminate the economic foundations of the existing system. Rather, most of what it did is that it changed the form of government from a Western democracy to a tyran
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عبد الرزاق, احمد ابهاء. "Fascist Organizations and Their Infiltration into French Politics 1934-1936." Kufa Journal of Arts 1, no. 32 (2017): 377–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2017/v1.i32.6049.

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The emergence of fascism in Europe coincided chronologically with the phase of severe economic and social crises that afflicted the Western world in the twenties of the twentieth century. Thanks to social and historical conditions, fascism emerged on the political scene as the only force qualified to get out of the crisis and save the existing social system, not change it. This is an important point, because fascist regimes did not eliminate the economic foundations of the existing system. Rather, most of what it did is that it changed the form of government from a Western democracy to a tyran
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14

Diego, Garzia. "The Italian election of 2018 and the first populist government of Western Europe." West European Politics 42, no. 3 (2018): 670–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2018.1535381.

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The 2013 election had heralded an unprecedented tripolar era for Italian politics, with the two traditional forces of the Second Italian Republic (Silvio Berlusconi&rsquo;s centre-right and variously assorted centre-left alliances) eventually matched, in terms of size, by the&nbsp;<em>Movimento 5 Stelle</em>&nbsp;(M5S) &ndash; to date, the most successful rookie of Italian politics with 25% of valid votes at its first national election (Garzia&nbsp;2013). Such an impressive result, although insufficient to grant it the majority bonus in the Lower Chamber, had nonetheless been enough to complic
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15

H., L. Divya. "A STUDY ON REGIONALISM IN INDIAN POLITICS." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, S2 (2019): 16–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2573753.

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<em>Regionalism is an ideology and political movement that seeks to advance the causes of regions. As a process it plays role within the nation as well as outside the nation i.e. at international level. Both types of regionalism have different meaning and have positive as well as negative impact on society, polity, diplomacy, economy, security, culture, development, negotiations, etc.At the international level, regionalism refers to transnational&nbsp;cooperation&nbsp;to meet a common goal or to resolve a shared problem or it refers to a group of countries such as-Western Europe, or&nbsp;South
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16

Srikantha, Halappa Handrala. "A STUDY ON REGIONALISM IN INDIAN POLITICS." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, S2 (2019): 189–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2580685.

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<em>Regionalism is an ideology and political movement that seeks to advance the causes of regions. As a process it plays role within the nation as well as outside the nation i.e. at international level. Both types of regionalism have different meaning and have positive as well as negative impact on society, polity, diplomacy, economy, security, culture, development, negotiations, etc.At the international level, regionalism refers to transnational&nbsp;cooperation&nbsp;to meet a common goal or to resolve a shared problem or it refers to a group of countries such as-Western Europe, or&nbsp;South
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17

Glied, Viktor. "The Populist phenomena and the reasons for their success in Hungary." Politics in Central Europe 16, s1 (2020): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2020-0002.

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AbstractAfter the parliamentary elections in 2014, the weakened legitimacy of the Hungarian government could be re-established through activism in migration issues. Fidesz-KDNP that won elections twice already highlighted migration as the main theme of governance from 2014 to 2018, suppressing every other topic on the political agenda. The position that was established for purposes of the Hungarian domestic situation and politics initially faced intense rejections all over Europe, but then garnered some supporters as well, mostly in post-socialist Central and Eastern Europe, and to a smaller e
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18

Vass, Ágnes. "The Extended Nation as a Political Project – Hungarian Diaspora Living in Western Canada." Polish Political Science Review 6, no. 2 (2018): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppsr-2018-0015.

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AbstractPolicy towards Hungarians living in neighbouring countries has been a central issue for Hungarian governments, yet Hungarian diaspora living mainly in Western Europe and North America have received very little attention. This has changed after the 2010 landslide victory of Fidesz. The new government introduced a structured policy focused on engaging Hungarian diaspora, largely due to the nationalist rhetoric of the governing party. The article argues that this change reflects a turn of Hungarian nationalism into what Ragazzi and Balalowska (2011) have called post-territorial nationalis
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19

De Groot, Michael. "Western Europe and the collapse of Bretton Woods." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 74, no. 2 (2019): 282–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702019852698.

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This article contends that Western Europe played a crucial and overlooked role in the collapse of Bretton Woods. Most scholars highlight the role of the United States, focusing on the impact of US balance of payments deficits, Washington’s inability to manage inflation, the weakness of the US dollar, and American domestic politics. Drawing on archival research in Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States, this article argues that Western European decisions to float their currencies at various points from 1969 to 1973 undermined the fixed exchange rate system. The British, Dutch,
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20

Smith, J. D., and H. R. Glick. "The Right to Die: A Cross-National Analysis of Agenda Setting and Innovation." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 13, no. 4 (1995): 479–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c130479.

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Through theories of agenda setting and innovation, the origin, development, and enactment of right-to-die policy in four Western nations—the United States, the Netherlands, Germany, and Great Britain—are examined. Different social and government structures produced varied right-to-die politics in each of these countries, although similar issues received more emphasis in Europe. However, it is discovered that policy entrepreneurs, organizations, and governments are important in similar ways in moving the issue from the public to the governmental agenda and to policy innovations in each country.
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21

Miller, JoAnn L., Christopher Hood, and Gunnar Folke Schuppert. "Delivering Public Services in Western Europe: Sharing Western European Experience of Para-Government Organization." Contemporary Sociology 18, no. 2 (1989): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2074107.

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22

Meguid, Bonnie M. "Transferring Power to Maintain Control: Decentralization as a National-Level Electoral Strategy in Western Europe." World Politics 76, no. 1 (2024): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2024.a916340.

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abstract: Why do national governments choose to transfer some of their administrative, political, and fiscal powers to regional authorities? This article develops and tests a nationally focused strategic account: decentralization is a targeted means to bolster a governing party's national-level electoral strength by appeasing the voters of threatening ethnoterritorial parties in national parliamentary elections. Statistical analyses of decentralization across the subnational regions of Western European countries confirm that governing parties transfer additional competencies to regions in whic
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23

Ramel, Alicia, Agnieszka Bezat-Jarzębowska, and Sebastian Jarzębowski. "EPIC approach as a tool for comparison of transport infrastructure in Poland and France." Ekonomika i Organizacja Logistyki 1, no. 2 (2016): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiol.2016.1.2.16.

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The EPIC structure allows to know strengths and weaknesses of each part of the world and of several countries in each part. It helps decision-makers, in accordance with their problem, to choose the best option of development and investments. It is a tool to have more information about economy, politics, infrastructure and competence. The goal of the paper is to compare the infrastructure in Poland and France by using of the EPIC approach. Poland is one of very good investment destinations for companies targeting both western and eastern as well as northern and southern parts of Europe. Unfortu
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24

Turner, Louis. "Comparative government-industry relations: Western Europe, the United States, and Japan." International Affairs 64, no. 2 (1988): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621873.

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25

Ru, Sung Hee. "The State Formation of Late Qing China within Global Geopolitical Dynamics." Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies 22, no. 1 (2022): 87–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15982661-9767212.

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Abstract This article views the nineteenth-century Qing government's acceptance of modern state logics as a momentous occasion in the government-led modern state transition amid pressure from across the geopolitical landscape. In the process of this transition, the Qing government strove to adopt the rules of the interstate system, such as border demarcation and the system of international law, which were fine-tuned to the politico-economic expansion of the modern world-system. Perspective builds on theories of China's process of incorporation into the modern world-system; however, it is quali
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Ru, Sung Hee. "The State Formation of Late Qing China within Global Geopolitical Dynamics." Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies 22, no. 1 (2022): 87–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15982661-9767212.

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Abstract This article views the nineteenth-century Qing government's acceptance of modern state logics as a momentous occasion in the government-led modern state transition amid pressure from across the geopolitical landscape. In the process of this transition, the Qing government strove to adopt the rules of the interstate system, such as border demarcation and the system of international law, which were fine-tuned to the politico-economic expansion of the modern world-system. Perspective builds on theories of China's process of incorporation into the modern world-system; however, it is quali
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27

Jurga, Bučaitė-Vilkė, and Krukowska Joanna. "Rethinking Suburban Governance in the CEE Region: A Comparison of Two Municipalities in Poland and Lithuania." Social Inclusion 8, no. 4 (2020): 242–52. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i4.3365.

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In this article, we seek to analyse and compare the modalities of suburban governance in Polish and Lithuanian municipalities looking at the territorial development trends typical for the Central Eastern Europe region. The theoretical elaborations on suburban governance are evolving towards the analysis of constellations of diverse actors, institutions and processes that define the politics and design of suburban spaces. We assume that there are similarities and differences in suburban governance in the analysed localities compared to Western countries in terms of networks, actors and territor
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28

Tomlinson, Jim. "Marshall Aid and the ‘Shortage Economy’ in Britain in the 1940s." Contemporary European History 9, no. 1 (2000): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300001065.

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This article assesses the impact of Marshall aid on the economy and politics of Britain in the 1940s. It draws on recent literature on the domestic policies of the Attlee government and on the general impact of Marshall aid on Western Europe, together with the notion of the ‘shortage economy’ developed by Kornai. The central argument is that the deployment of Marshall aid primarily to maintain British consumption levels derived not from a governmental disregard for the importance of reviving investment and industrial output, but from a realistic appreciation of the economic and political conse
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29

Shelley, Louise I. "Post-Soviet Organized Crime and the Soviet Successor States." International Annals of Criminology 33, no. 1-2 (1995): 169–90. https://doi.org/10.1017/s000344529500907x.

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Organized crime has penetrated most of the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union at all levels of government. With such pervasiveness and infiltration into the society it ceases to be merely a crime problem. Will post-Soviet organized crime assume control over the politics and economy of the successor countries, creating a mafia state ? The consequences of this prospect are significant for the world community as well as the successor states because post-Soviet organized crime is an international and domestic phenomenon. It affects its former East European sphere of influence, wes
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30

Brogi, Alessandro. "Ending Grand Alliance Politics in Western Europe: US Anti-communism in France and Italy, 1944–7." Journal of Contemporary History 53, no. 1 (2017): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009416678919.

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The postwar ascendancy of the French and Italian Communist Parties (PCF and PCI) as the strongest ones in the emerging Western alliance was an unexpected challenge for the USA. The US response during this time period (1944–7) was tentative, and relatively moderate, reflecting the still transitional phase from wartime Grand Alliance politics to Cold War. US anti-communism in Western Europe remained guarded for diplomatic and political reasons, but it never mirrored the ambivalence of anti-Americanism among French and especially Italian Communist leaders and intellectuals. US prejudicial opposit
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31

Bložė, Mindaugas. "Funding of the political parties in Western Europe." Politologija 16, no. 4 (1999): 22–40. https://doi.org/10.15388/polit.1999.4.2.

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In this article the author researches and analyses one of the most immediate issues the political parties of every country face—that of the funding of the political parties. Their self-dependence and the politics they choose to declare in general are made dependent on how the given issue is resolved. This article is a minor to such well-known monographies like H. H. von Arnim's monography Party Funding, State Funding of the Parties without Control as well as The New Party Funding. As guidelines the author treats the researches committed by P. Lösche, G. Werwéris (monographies), G. Klee Kruse,
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32

Tkach, Dmytro, and Maria Burmaka. "THE POLITICS OF FIDESZ-KDNP OF HUNGARY UNDER V. ORBÁN IN WESTERN MEDIA, 2010-2024." Public Administration and Law Review, no. 3(19) (September 30, 2024): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.36690/2674-5216-2024-3-91-101.

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This article offers a comprehensive analysis of Western media coverage of the Hungarian government's political course under Viktor Orban and the FIDESZ-KDNP coalition from 2010 to 2024. The study encompasses a wide range of aspects of Hungary's domestic and foreign policy, tracing the evolution of "Orbanism" perception in international media discourse. The author examines in detail the key themes that dominated Western media regarding Hungary, namely: The transformation of the country's democratic system and discussions around the concept of "illiberal democracy". Systematic conflicts between
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33

Volodin, A. "South Asian Migration to Western Europe: Origins, Trends, Perspectives." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 4 (2022): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-4-101-110.

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The article is concentrated on the phenomenon of Indian and South Asian migration to the countries of Western Europe. Initially, migration flows from this region were an inalienable part of metropolis–colonies interrelationship and were sustained on the notion of free and unrestricted movement of human resources from South Asia to the British Isles. After the dissolution of the British Empire and gaining independence, the inhabitants of India and South Asia, in search for a “happier life” overseas, set their course for the United Kingdom and Western Europe, where later migrants were put under
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34

Elias, Anwen, and Filippo Tronconi. "From protest to power: Autonomist parties in government." Party Politics 17, no. 4 (2011): 505–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068811400528.

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In many Western European states, an increasing number of autonomist parties are taking part in government at state and regional levels. To date, however, scholars have paid little attention to the repercussions of government incumbency for these actors. This article aims to take a first step towards redressing this oversight. Based on an extensive literature examining political parties in government, we formulate hypotheses about how autonomist parties will approach, behave within and be affected by government office. We test these hypotheses by examining the participation of autonomist partie
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35

Garzia, Diego. "The Italian election of 2018 and the first populist government of Western Europe." West European Politics 42, no. 3 (2018): 670–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2018.1535381.

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36

Mandel, Maud S. "One Nation Indivisible: Contemporary Western European Immigration Policies and the Politics of Multiculturalism." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 4, no. 1 (1995): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.4.1.89.

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Since World War II, policies with regard to immigrant populations have changed dramatically and repeatedly throughout Western Europe. From 1945 to 1955, Western European nations absorbed an enormous number of refugees uprooted during the war. Until the 1970s, governments did not limit migration, nor did they formulate comprehensive social policies toward these new immigrants. Indeed, from the mid-1950s until 1973, most Western European governments, interested in facilitating economic growth, allowed businesses and large corporations to seek cheap immigrant labor abroad. As Georges Tapinos poin
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37

GILSDORF, ROBERT R. "Government, Equality, and Economic Growth in Western Europe: A Cross-National Empirical Study." Governance 2, no. 4 (1989): 425–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.1989.tb00101.x.

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38

von Beyme, Klaus. "Economics and Politics in a Socialist Country: Gorbachev's New Concepts." Government and Opposition 23, no. 2 (1988): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1988.tb00076.x.

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SINCE GORBACHEV'S COMING TO POWER THE RELATIONSHIP between economics and politics in the Soviet Union has been changing rapidly. But even from the outset one could see that there would be limits to change. The primacy of politics which characterizes the relationship between economics and politics under the conditions of socialism in power will be fully maintained in the future, too. All proposals for more decentralization meet with obstacles when they seem to call into question the leading role of the party. The party is only advised to observe a kind of ‘economic restraint’: it should stop mi
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39

Banai, Ayelet, Fabio Votta, and Rosa Seitz. "The Polls—Trends." Public Opinion Quarterly 86, no. 1 (2022): 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfac001.

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Abstract This article presents trends in public opinion toward immigration in the European Union (EU), between 2002 and 2018. Immigration is a salient and contentious issue in contemporary politics across Europe and is used by Eurosceptic parties in both government and opposition to mobilize support. Public opinion data—drawn from the European Social Survey and the Eurobarometer—reveals the following noteworthy trends over the past two decades. First, positive public attitudes toward immigration have increased across member states, with a temporary setback in 2015–16. Second, immigration is a
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40

Mitchell, Tony. "Mixing pop and politics: rock music in Czechoslovakia before and after the Velvet Revolution." Popular Music 11, no. 2 (1992): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000004992.

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Rock and pop music in the USSR and eastern Europe has become an area of increasing interest to both the western mass media and cultural studies since glasnost, perestroika, the collapse of the Eastern bloc Communist regimes and the constitution of new western-styled democratic governments. This is largely because rock music has represented probably the most widespread vehicle of youth rebellion, resistance and independence behind the Iron Curtain, both in terms of providing an enhanced political context for the often banned sounds of British and American rock, and in the development of home-gr
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41

Galtung, Johan. "The Cold War as an Exercise in Autism: The US Government, the Governments of Western Europe, and the People." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 14, no. 2 (1989): 169–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030437548901400202.

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42

Shogimen, Takashi. "Marsilius of Padua and Ogyu Sorai: Community and Language in the Political Discourse in Late Medieval Europe and Tokugawa Japan." Review of Politics 64, no. 3 (2002): 497–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500034999.

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The article explores a cross-cultural approach to the history of political thought. With reference to Maruyama Masao's classic equation of fourteenth-century European scholasticism with eighteenth-century Japanese Confucianism, a comparison between Marsilius of Padua and Ogyu Sorai reveals, behind their ostensibly similar “communal functionalist” outlook, their contrasting views on the role of language as a medium for political communication. Marsilius believed in human's associative power by means of such linguistic communication as oratory and discussion, whereas Sorai underrated speech to f
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Haldén, Peter. "Heteronymous politics beyond anarchy and hierarchy: The multiplication of forms of rule 750–1300." Journal of International Political Theory 13, no. 3 (2017): 266–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755088217715482.

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Anarchy and hierarchy are two central concepts of International Relations theory but as conventionally defined they cannot describe political life for most of Western history. Neither concept describes the structure of medieval politics well. Rather, many different principles of differentiation existed simultaneously, both stratificatory and segmentary. The situation was closer to anarchy as understood as the absence of overarching principles of order rather than as ‘anarchy’ in the conventional sense used in international relations and absence of government. The power of the Popes over tempor
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Edwards, Adam, and Pete Gill. "The Politics of ‘Transnational Organized Crime’: Discourse, Reflexivity and the Narration of ‘Threat’." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 4, no. 2 (2002): 245–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-856x.t01-1-00004.

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Over the past decade the perceived ‘threat’ of transnational organised crime (TOC) to the security of western political economies has become a principal issue on the agendas of key international forums such as the United Nations, G7/8 elite industrial countries and the Council of Europe. The intense policy activity around this threat is indicative of a key trend in post-Cold War international relations, that is, the reorientation of western security, intelligence and defence agencies toward crime control. Risk assessments and research evidence provided by international relations departments in
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45

Langford, Paul. "British Politeness and the Progress of Western Manners: An Eighteenth-Century Enigma." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 7 (December 1997): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679270.

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IN March 1802, the peace treaty of Amiens was signed, resulting in a two-way flow of travellers across the English Channel. Among those arriving at Dover was Joseph Fiévée, printer by trade,littérateurby vocation, and latterly politican by profession. It is said that he was commissioned by Bonaparte himself to report on affairs in London. In any event, his findings were published in theMercureand reprinted in a work whose title,Lettres sur l'Angleterre, et réflexions sur la philosopkie du XVIIIe siècle, challenged comparison with the most famous of French commentaries on England, that of Volta
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46

Sizer, Michael. "Words and Deeds: Shaping Urban Politics from Below in Late Medieval Europe, ed. Ben Eersels and Jelle Haemers. Studies in European Urban History, 48. Turnhout: Brepols, 2020, 224 pp." Mediaevistik 34, no. 1 (2021): 543–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2021.01.156.

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Abstract: This volume of essays continues the welcome trend in recent years to uncover the crucial role that popular politics played in late medieval societies. This scholarship has convincingly shown that non-elites were frequently engaged in peaceful efforts to participate in government and power relations, and not just in violent and extra-legal activities such as revolt. The volume covers urban communities, largely due to available sources and a focus on institutions such as assemblies and councils, and includes Southern France, Spain, the Low Countries, Germany, Sweden, and England. This
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YANG, Joonseok. "Song Chin-woo’s Perception of the International Landscape and Thoughts on State Building." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 10 (2022): 451–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.10.44.10.451.

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Song Chin-woo(宋鎭禹) learned the advanced ideas of the West while studying in Japan and laid the foundation for national self-reliance based on nationalism. During the March 1st Movement in 1919, Song Chin-woo adhered to Wilson’s principle of national self-determination, but independence from the United States and the West failed. Nevertheless, Song Chin-woo focused on self-reliance and independence in the 1920s and was wary of the American and Western order, simultaneously seizing that order’s legitimacy. Song Chin-woo maintained a confrontational stance toward the Soviet Union and communism bu
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48

Kim, Hoe-Chang. "A study on legislative solutions to prevent lax management and waste of local government budget." Korea Anti-Corruption Law Association 6, no. 2 (2023): 71–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36433/kacla.2023.6.2.71.

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Among the writings on local government operation published since the 1970s until recently in the UK, which can be said to be the suzerain of local autonomy the representative characteristic is the focus of research on the logic that threatens the traditional status of local autonomy which has been understood as a sound symbol of democracy in the past.&#x0D; Korea has been experiencing incomplete local autonomy with insufficient decentralization for over 30 years but it is not much different in that local autonomy is rapidly being absorbed into turbid central politics as in the UK and Western E
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Konrad, Helmut. "Austria on the Path to Western Europe: The Political Culture of the Second Republic." Austrian History Yearbook 26 (January 1995): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800004215.

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LikeRobert A. Kann, I too am a historian by profession. Despite the close links between their subject and disciplines such as sociology land political science, historians on the whole avoid attempting to analyze contemporary politics. This lecture will therefore concentrate on the first twenty-five years of the Second Republic. Yet I am well aware that in the Kreisky era (notably as a result of the reforms introduced by Hertha Firnberg and Christian Broda) Austria's progress toward Western Europe took on a new character, and the country underwent what was, for the time being at least, its fina
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Myshkovych, Olga. "ANALYSIS SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS TO ENSURE ROAD SAFETY IN UKRAINE." Innovative Solution in Modern Science 6, no. 50 (2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26886/2414-634x.6(50)2021.1.

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In investigational to consider principal reasons of origin a transport adventure on the road in Ukraine. Methods are analysed directed on the decline a transport adventure on the road in the countries of Western Europe, the legislation of ES is considered. Special state attention to the issue of road safety gain in the context of Ukraine's international obligations. There is small efficiency of worked out and entered on this time by the government of the various programs as on state so on the local levels of sent to the increase of safety of travelling motion of adjusting of transport streams
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