Relevant bibliographies by topics / European Agreement ADR

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'European Agreement ADR'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "European Agreement ADR"

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Dziedziak, Paweł, and Tomasz Nielepkowicz. "Changes in the European Agreement ADR 2017 and their consequences for car inspection (PTI) in Poland." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.103.

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The article discussed changes in the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2017) regarding the requirements for the construction of vehicles in the context of car inspection (PTI) in Poland. The changes also apply to some of the documents submitted for PTI ispection and issued by an authorized car diagnostician after an additional test.
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Djukic, Luke P., Manudha T. Herath, Daniel C. Rodgers, Roderick Sweeting, and Honesto Buendia. "Analysis and testing of polymer matrix composites with thermoplastic liners having enhanced chemical resistance." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 36, no. 20 (May 26, 2017): 1487–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684417711027.

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Polymer matrix composite tanks offer major advantages to the transport industry in terms of increased payload and corrosion resistance compared to conventional steel tanks. Chemical resistance and versatility can be enhanced through the addition of a thermoplastic liner. This paper presents the results of chemical conditioning, testing and analysis of a linear low-density polyethylene liner, on its own and supported by carbon fiber reinforced polymer. Results are compared to ADR (European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) requirements. The linear low-density polyethylene liner was tested in combination with 12–15% sodium hypochlorite and 98% sulphuric acid. The results indicate that the liner is suitable for service in tanks transporting these two chemicals. Liners were conditioned at 50℃ for periods of 1000 or 2000 h. Shore D hardness tests and three-point bend tests were performed, compared to unconditioned benchmarks, and found to pass ADR requirements. Finite element models were validated and used to facilitate understanding of the failure of the laminates. Predictions indicate that failure load increases with increased liner modulus, yield stress, and thickness. The models also indicate that the laminate strength and modulus is not significantly changed during chemical conditioning for the stated chemicals.
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MELENKO, Oksana. "Mediation as an Alternative Form of Dispute Resolution: Comparative-Legal Analysis." European Journal of Law and Public Administration 7, no. 2 (March 12, 2021): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/eljpa/7.2/126.

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The article under studies surveys the system of methods of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). It presents the definition of such structural concepts of ADR as negotiations, mediation, judicial conciliation, and arbitration. Particular emphasis is laid on the peculiarities of applying the ADR institutions in Ukraine and European countries, as well as on their advantages and disadvantages. To carry out a comparative-legal analysis of the alternative forms of dispute resolution, there has been developed a special system of indicators. The latter aims to assess the effectiveness of the ADR institutions.These indicators are: availability of the procedure; possibility to enter and leave the ADR process; public or private nature of the procedure; conciliatory and competitive nature of the procedure; conducting the procedure out of court or in court; presence of an intermediary in the ADR procedure; taking final decision on the dispute directly by the parties or a third party; freedom to choose a mediator in the dispute; substantiating the decision on the dispute on formal or informal norms, rules, standards; opportunity to go to court in case the decision is impossible to enforce; recognition of the dispute as the one being resolved; intermediary’s fee; cost and time saving. Relying on the comparative-legal analysis of the alternative forms of dispute resolution, it has been determined that most of the comparative advantages belong to the institution of mediation. However, there are a number of shortcomings that hinder the effective functioning of the institution of mediation. Among them are insufficient requirements for the mediator's competencies and lack of mechanisms for fulfilling the terms of the mediation agreement. Taking into account the existing drawbacks that hinder the effective development of the institution of mediation, the article offers a number of institutional innovations.They include: legislative establishment of the norm on the procedure of executing the mediation contract; enhancing the qualification requirements for the mediator (mandatory higher legal education); adoption of the law on mediation; consequently, introduction of amendments to material and procedural legislation regarding mediation procedure by means of remote (distance) regulation of legal disputes and actions that accompany this process with the use of special technical facilities (videoconferencing, electronic digital signature, electronic document management, electronic payments, etc.). In addition, the article singles out the main peculiarity of the institution of mediation, which favorably distinguishes it from other ADR institutions - humanism (human-centrism). Unlike mediation, other ADR institutions (negotiations, judicial conciliation, arbitration) are marked with a factual and mostly competitive procedure. Mediation, due to its being rather human than factual oriented, as well as because of its being focused rather on conciliation than on competition, has a wider range of opportunities to better meet the requirements of the parties to the dispute. The main asset of mediation is its high potential to unite the parties, to continue their business and social communication after the resolution of the dispute. The latter integration potential favorably distinguishes mediation from all other forms of alternative dispute resolution and, at the same time, indicates positive external effect (externalia), which lies in uniting society.
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SMAL, Tomasz, and Robert MALINOWSKI. "SAFETY IN TRANSPORT OF PERSONS AND GOODS IN POLAND." Journal of Science of the Gen. Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military Academy of Land Forces 186, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7236.

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The problem of road safety is an important problem that accompanies mankind from the very beginning of the development of communication. Based on the statistics, the article presents the analysis of road traffic safety in our country over the past few years and shows how it shapes compared to other European Union countries. The main reasons, which lie behind the situation, are also identified as well as the ways and directions of actions that are taken to minimize the effects of road accidents. The pace of reduction of the number of fatalities and injured on Polish roads is still unsatisfactory and therefore far-reaching measures to counteract such a situation have to be taken. These steps are based on normative provisions and long-term actions supported by the media and various types of advertising campaigns. The article also presents the issues related to the road transport of dangerous goods, which, due to the specific nature of the cargo carried, is subjected to special treatment and governed by international regulations and arrangements under the ADR Agreement.
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Batarlienė, Nijolė. "Risk and Damage Assessment for Transportation of Dangerous Freight." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2018-0030.

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Abstract The article provides information on transportation of dangerous freight. Legal acts regulating transportation of Dangerous freight are discussed. Major problems and non-compliances with The European Agreement concerning International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) are distinguished. The type of risk that one encounters is analysed, as well as who is to take responsibility for transportation of dangerous freight. Transport accidents of dangerous substances are increasingly frequent and can cause serious injuries in inhabited areas or pollution of the environment. For quantitative risk assessment and mitigation planning, consequence calculations are necessary. The aim of this article is to present methods of the first approach for calculating costs and overall expenses of an accident and to demonstrate the main recommendations for the next development stage in the area of transport accident modelling. By the means of risk assessment models, it is possible to calculate the extent of the consequences and reduce the risks during the process of transportation. Based on Technology of Dangerous Freight Transportation, the accident calculation principles are suggested, which enables to assess the costs and to find a generalized accident rate. The calculation results are provided.
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Seechurn, Yashwantraj, and Ritish Boodhun. "Optimum Redesign of an Agricultural Water Bowser." Designs 2, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs2040045.

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There are many types of agricultural water bowsers on the market, which vary in geometry and size. However, in all such bowsers there are “unused spaces” between the bottom of the tank and the axle. The objective of this research was to design an agricultural water bowser with improved capacity by exploiting the “unused spaces”. This would allow a sufficient amount of water to be supplied to wide areas in a short time. Each concept of agricultural water bowser was generated as an integrated chassis water tank to be hitched to a tractor, and the best concept was chosen using a multi-criteria decision-making methodology (house of quality matrix and Pugh selection matrix). The selected design consisted of an U-shaped angle bent bottom sheet welded to a top circular sheet. The Agreement Dangerous Road (ADR) European standard was used for the sizing of the bowser and the selected material was S275 steel. The resultant forces on the shell of the bowser were calculated using analytical methods. A 3-D model of the bowser was developed in SolidWorks 2015, and the static structural analysis tool was used to examine stresses on the body for various types of loading, roads, and driving maneuvers. The shape and size of the bottom part of the proposed bowser increased the capacity of the tank by 20.3%.
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Jashari, Mr Sc Nexhat. "New legislation of republic of Kosovo in thefield of transport." ILIRIA International Review 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v2i1.168.

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In this output are treated issues related to the new legislation in Kosovo in the field of transport. in particular, there is elaborated the law in force, regulations, administrative directions and other sub-legal acts issued by the Ministry of Transport Post and Telecommunication.Special importance was paid on the harmonization respectively on the approximation of the new legislation in Kosovo in the field of transport with acquis communitaire, as well as other aspects of direct implementation of the EU legislation from this field in Kosovo. It also reviewed the application of Law on Obligations provisions as lex generalis in the field of transport and recommendations are given for better and overall regulation of the field of transport, by supplementing and amending laws and by proposing the issuance of other special laws from this field.in the field of transport with international report, such as: European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Regulations Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID), Convention Concerning International Carriage by Rail (COTIF) , Convention Relating to the Contract of Carriage of Goods by Road CMR, The Convention on International Civil Aviation, - Chicago ConventionThe method used in this research is the comparative method.The result of this research is the ascertainment of the situation of new legislation in Kosovo, in relation to acquis communitaire, the effort and commitment of competent institutions for approximation with acquis communitaire .At the end as a conclusion there have been proposed the measures that should be taken in order to complete the legal framework in the field of transport.
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Półka, Marzena, Dorota Bielesza, and Anna Szajewska. "Review of Safety Requirements Regarding Trading and Storing of Pyrotechnical Articles in Poland." Safety & Fire Technology 56, no. 2 (2020): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12845/sft.56.2.2020.5.

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Aim: The objective of the paper was to identify and analyse relevant requirements regarding the safety of storage and usage of pyrotechnic materials, intended for civil use. The review was based on binding applicable Polish and European legal acts. The results of the review pointed to the ambiguity of the provisions regulating the issues of safe usage and storage of pyrotechnical materials. Introduction: Some pyrotechnic articles, when triggered by a proper impulse, can lead to a violent reaction resulting in the release of a large amount of heat, and the creation of a blast wave. The effects of this reaction have a destructive impact on buildings situated nearby and pose a hazard to human life. Use and storage of pyrotechnic articles against the set rules is associated with the risk of fire or explosion, therefore a number of requirements have been introduced in this area. Methodology: In Poland there are many legal acts applicable to explosives. One of the most important one is the Act of 21 June 2002 on explosives designated for civil use, which presents pyrotechnic materials with respect to the safety of their usage and storage. Several key requirements have also been specified in agreements ratified in Poland and in other international acts, such as for example: the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road(ADR), and the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council 2013/29/EU of 12 June 2013 on the harmonisation of laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of pyrotechnic articles. Results: It was established that there is a need of adopting a legal solution for storing pyrotechnical products for temporary sales in containers located near commercial facilities (and serving as back-up facilities). Although the regulations are not clear-cut, such a solution is used in practice, thus it would be advisable to determine by means of legal acts whether it is permissible and what requirements should be fulfilled, for example by a container, in which pyrotechnic articles are temporarily stored. Conclusions: The specification presented in the article allows to see the need to minimize the hazards associated with the marketing of pyrotechnical materials and justifies the necessity of adopting a particularly diligent classification and use of nomenclature for these products. In case of storing pyrotechnical materials, it is erroneous to adopt the determination of class “G” for two variable of net mass values of the explosive (when determining safe distances for explosive storage facilities, including among others class 1, sub-classes 1.3, 1.4). The same applies to the hexogen equivalent of an explosive load (when determining safe distances for explosive storage facilities including class 1, sub-classes 1.1, 1.5 and 4.1). Such provisions are misleading and may cause erroneous interpretations of regulations.
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Enciso Cano, Víctor Ramón. "Evaluación del impacto comercial de las materias primas: una mirada al Acuerdo de Asociación Regional (AAR) entre UE-MERCOSUR." Investigación Agraria 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18004/investig.agrar.2016.diciembre.61-69.

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Claussen, Kathleen. "Stocktaking and Glimpsing at Trade Law's Next Generation." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 111 (2017): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2017.69.

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These remarks are derived from a forthcoming work considering the future of international trade law. Compared with most features of the international legal system, the regional and bilateral trade law system is in the early stages of its evolution. For example, the United States is a party to fourteen free trade agreements currently in force, all but two of which have entered into force since 2000. The recent proliferation of agreements, particularly bilateral and regional agreements, is not unique to the United States. The European Union recently concluded trade agreement negotiations with Canada, Singapore, and Vietnam to add to its twenty-seven agreements in force and is negotiating approximately ten additional bilateral or multilateral agreements. In the Asia-Pacific Region, the number of regional and bilateral free trade agreements has grown exponentially since the conclusion of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Free Trade Area of 1992. At that time, the region counted five such agreements in force. Today, the number totals 140 with another seventy-nine under negotiation or awaiting entry into force. The People's Republic of China is negotiating half a dozen bilateral trade agreements at present to top off the sixteen already in effect. India likewise is engaged in at least ten trade agreement negotiations. The World Trade Organization (WTO) reports 267 agreements of this sort in force among its members as of July 1, 2016.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "European Agreement ADR"

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Holubář, Josef. "Specifika a nedostatky smluvních závazkových vztahů v mezinárodní dopravě, stanovení a zajištění podmínek technologie přepravy zboží." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232801.

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This work deals with the specifics of relations between entities in the negotiation and implementation of international transport of goods. Since he is currently the most common way of transport of goods in Central Europe freight road transport of goods, the text is mainly dedicated to this issue. The underlying code for the obligations in this respect, the Convention CMR, which is devoted to a large part of the work. In other parts of the work is also introduced to the TIR Convention, the ADR Agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods and the ATP Agreement, which defines the requirements for the transport of perishable foodstuffs. In the end, understand that INCOTERMS clauses with international trade and international transport of goods is closely related.
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Poul, Adam. "Určení zdrojů rizik při přepravě nebezpečných látek na silnicích a návrh opatření na snížení ztrát a škod na veřejných aktivech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433338.

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The master‘s thesis focuses on the risks of transporting dangerous goods by road. The introductory part deals with related legislation of the Czech Republic is analyzed, followed by international legislation. In the European Union, the transport of dangerous goods is regulated primarily by the European agreement concerning the International carriage of dangerous goods by road (ADR). Between 2002 and 2019, master‘s thesis analyzes and describes the statistics of traffic accidents with the presence of dangerous goods. Furthermore, this master‘s thesis also analyzes the characteristics of the sources of traffic accident risks, and when activating the risk, the possible effects of traffic accidents and subsequent leakage of dangerous goods are described. In fulfilling the aims of the master‘s thesis, agreement was found in the causes of traffic accidents in statistics and in the literature in the fact that in 80% it is the fault of the human factor. Analysis of a set of 10 large accidents with the presence of dangerous goods using a modified "What, if" method identified impacts on public assets. Based on these identified impacts, measures were proposed that would be appropriate to apply in the public interest.
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Koželuhová, Jana. "Problematika vlivu úkapů ropných látek na hutněné asfaltové vrstvy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226043.

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Aim of the Master’s thesis is analysis of problems of the dangerous goods road transportation, especially transport of flammable liquids. It analyses the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road and its special requirements. Thesis also covers road tanker accidents and the removal of leaked petroleum products. In practical portion the work on resistance testing of asphalt mixtures against several types of fuel is presented.
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Chauke, J. Thabo. "The impact of the European Union-South Africa free trade area agreement on factor returns in South Africa : much ado about nothing?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5769.

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Thomas, Steven B. "A regionally integrated Pacific : the challenge of the Cotonou Agreement to Pacific regionalism : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in European Studies in the University of Canterbury /." 2004. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20061013.143054.

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Books on the topic "European Agreement ADR"

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United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe. Working Party on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Draft amendments to annexes A and B of the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR). New York: United Nations, 1996.

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European agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods byroad (ADR) and protocol of signature, done at Geneva on 30 September 1957. New York: United Nations, 1996.

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United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe. Working Party on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR): 1997 corrections, 1997 amendments and draft 1999 amendments to annexes A and B. New York: United Nations, 1998.

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Ridder, K. Der Gefahrgut-Fahrer. Landsberg: ecomed Sicherheit, 2003.

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Llarull, Raúl. Acuerdo de asociación (ADA) entre la Unión Europea y Centroamérica: Antecedentes, situacion actual e impactos socioambientales. San Salvador: Unidad Ecológica Salvadoreña, UNES, 2010.

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Nations, United. European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Good by Road (ADR): Restructured ADR Applicable as From. United Nations, 2006.

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Great Britain. Department of Transport., ed. European agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road (ADR) . London: H.M.S.O., 1988.

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Great Britain. Department of Transport., ed. European agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road (ADR). London: HMSO, 1992.

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European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR). London: H.M.S.O., 1989.

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European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR). UN, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/19a49c4e-en.

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Book chapters on the topic "European Agreement ADR"

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Rusiński, Eugeniusz, Artur Górski, Michał Paduchowicz, and Marcin Pondel. "Some Aspects of Numerical Calculations of Specialized Vehicle’s Load Carrying Structure for the Transport of Dangerous Materials by the Requirements of the European ADR Agreement." In Proceedings of the 13th International Scientific Conference, 479–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50938-9_50.

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"European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR)." In Yearbook of International Cooperation on Environment and Development 1998–99, edited by Helge Ole Bergesen, Georg Parmann, and Øystein B. Thommessen, 94–95. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315066547-18.

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"European agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road." In European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), 17–24. UN, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/903cdddb-en.

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"General provisions and provisions concerning dangerous substances and articles." In European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), 25–1199. UN, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/47e0fd15-en.

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"General provisions." In European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), 3–93. UN, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/f92466e4-en.

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"Packing and tank provisions." In European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), 662–876. UN, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/af7334ec-en.

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"Classification." In European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), 95–269. UN, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/bd021949-en.

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"Foreword." In European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), 5–7. UN, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/1961be18-en.

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"Packing and tank provisions." In European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), 3–211. UN, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/17092142-en.

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"Consignment procedures." In European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), 219–79. UN, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/18a78aa8-en.

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Conference papers on the topic "European Agreement ADR"

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Szkudlarek, M., M. Court-Payen, S. Jacobsen, H. Thomsen, and M. Ostergaard. "SAT0211 Interobserver agreement of ultrasound examination in assessment of the small joints of the hands and feet in rheumatoid arthritis." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.708.

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Bird, P., and M. Lassere. "THU0195 Intra-machine and intra-reader agreement of ra disease activity and damage using mri. comparison with clinical and laboratory measures." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.1097.

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BERTOLOZZI CAREDIO, Daniele, and Asta RAUPELIENE. "CETA AND ITALIAN AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS: AN ANALYSIS ON COMPARED ADVANTAGES OF THE MAIN ITALIAN AGRI-FOOD SECTORS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.116.

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At the age of second-generation agreements, the European Union is going to achieve a number of new trade deals, as well as others country, first of all the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement treated with Canada. A significant part of the debating about CETA is focused on the real need or not to reach new deal and add more liberalization, in particular regarding the Agri-food goods. EU, and above all Italy, can boast a number of excellent export Agri-food processed product, such as wine, cheese and pasta; at the same time, Italy has a need of primary goods, like wheat. Revealed Competitive Advantage is an indicator of the importance of a specific product and, specifically, it’s used to identify the advantage or disadvantage of a trade flow. Some of the main Italian products exported in Canada have been analysed, just like the main imported product from Canada, the wheat; as opposed to EU-28 import of Durum wheat, the other trades have showed a comparative advantage in trade. Finally, in three cases, Italy proves greater advantages in respect with the EU.
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Pascovici, D. S., F. Colmenares, S. O. T. Ogaji, and P. Pilidis. "An Economic and Risk Analysis Model for Aircrafts and Engines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27236.

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To conceive and assess engines with minimum global warming impact and lowest cost of ownership in a variety of emission legislation scenarios, emissions taxation policies, fiscal and Air Traffic Management environments, a Techno-economic and Environmental Risk Assessment model is needed. This paper presents an approach to estimate the cost of maintenance and the direct operating costs of turbofan engines of equivalent thrust rating, both for long and short range applications, as well as for typical long and short range aircraft. The economic model is composed of three modules: a lifing module, an economic module and a risk module. The lifing module estimates the life of the high pressure turbine disk and blades through the analysis of creep and fatigue over a full working cycle of the engine. The economic module uses the time between overhauls together with the cost of labour and the cost of the engine (needed to determine the cost of spare parts) to estimate the cost of maintenance of the engine. The risk module uses the Monte Carlo method with a Gaussian distribution to study the impact of the variations in some parameters on the net present cost (NPC) of operation. The accuracy of the economic model in DOC estimation is good (within about 15%) and so can be adapted for use in the cost analysis of future types of engines, such as ultra high bypass ratio turbofans, with little modifications. The equations that constitute the economic model are under a confidentiality agreement of the European project VITAL and can not be divulgated.
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Owen, J. Michael, Hans Abrahamsson, and Klas Lindblad. "Buoyancy-Induced Flow in Open Rotating Cavities." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-91134.

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Buoyancy-induced flow can occur in the cavity between the co-rotating compressor discs in gas-turbine engines, where the Rayleigh numbers can be in excess of 1012. In most cases the cavity is open at the centre, and an axial throughflow of cooling air can interact with the buoyancy-induced flow between the discs. Such flows can be modeled, computationally and experimentally, by a simple rotating cavity with an axial flow of air. This paper describes work conducted as part of ICAS-GT, a major European research project. Experimental measurements of velocity, temperature and heat transfer were obtained on a purpose-built experimental rig, and these results have been reported in an earlier paper. In addition, 3D unsteady CFD computations were carried out using a commercial code (Fluent) and an RNG k-ε turbulence model. The computed velocity vectors and contours of temperature reveal a flow structure in which, as seen by previous experimenters, ‘radial arms’ transport cold air from the centre to the periphery of the cavity, and regions of cyclonic and anti-cyclonic circulation are formed on either side of each arm. The computed radial distribution of the tangential velocity agrees reasonably well with the measurements in two of the three cases considered here. In the third case, the computations significantly over-predict the measurements; the reason for this is not understood. The computed and measured values of Nu for the heated disc show qualitatively similar radial distributions, with high values near the centre and the periphery. In two of the cases, the quantitative agreement is reasonably good; in the third case, the computations significantly under-predict the measured values.
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6

Bakhtiyarov, Sayavur I., and Ruel A. Overfelt. "CFD Simulations and Experimental Study of Two-Phase Flow in Sand Coremaking Process." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31450.

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The results of an experimental study and 3D numerical simulations of resin bonded sand/air flow in a square corebox with an H-shape insertion and passage between upper and lower pockets of the pattern are presented. A computer controlled electronic system was designed and built to measure pressures and flow rates inside the corebox during mold filling, gassing and purging cycles of Phenolic Urethane Amine (PUA) process. Contour maps of the pressure distributions inside the corebox were created based on barometric measurements. A good agreement between experimental results and numerical simulations was found.
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7

Matveev, Konstantin I., Miles P. Wheeler, and Tao Xing. "Simulations of an Air-Ventilated Strut Crossing Water Surface at Variable Yaw Angles." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83092.

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Hydrodynamic devices intended to produce lift, control actions, or propulsion can be prone to air ventilation when operating near the free water surface. The atmospheric air may propagate to the low-pressure zones around these devices located under the nominal water level. This often leads to performance degradation of hydrodynamic systems. Modeling of air-ventilated flows is challenging due to complex flow nature and many factors in play. In this study, the computational fluid dynamics simulations are carried out for a surface-piercing strut at different yaw angles. At small yaw angles, the strut underwater surfaces remain wetted, whereas at large yaw and sufficiently high Froude numbers the suction side becomes air ventilated. At the intermediate yaw angles, both wetted and ventilated flow regimes are possible, and the existence of a specific state depends on the history of the process. The present computational results demonstrate good agreement with available experimental data.
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8

Woollatt, G., D. Lippett, P. C. Ivey, P. Timmis, and B. A. Charnley. "The Design, Development and Evaluation of 3D Aerofoils for High Speed Axial Compressors: Part 2 — Simulation and Comparison With Experiment." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68793.

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The focus of this paper is to report on measurements from and simulation of Cranfield University’s 3-stage high-speed axial compressor test rig. This newly built rig is supported by European Commission funding and has tested a set of conventionally stacked 2D rotor and stator blades (Reference 1). The results were used to evaluate and to assess the performance of several commercially available CFD codes leading to the collaborative design of an advanced three-dimensional blade set. The philosophy behind the advanced design is described. The datum test results show that the state of the art, highly loaded, datum compressor is well matched with limited potential for loss reduction. A comparison is made between the measured results and a series of numerical analyses using the various CFD codes. Although the codes showed reasonable qualitative agreement with each other and the measured data, there were significant differences in the predicted performance of the datum build. Further the codes were unable to grade candidate redesigns consistently on a quantitative basis and therefore increased the difficulty of selecting suitable ‘3d’ features. Generic studies involving sweep, lean and recambering are used to evolve a design philosophy for the advanced three-dimensional design. Over cambering of the end-wall sections, coupled with a suitable stack of the blades, enables the blade count to be reduced. In the presence of a clearance combinations of sweep and lean are used to modify the loading in the clearance gap, thereby influencing the associated losses. The application of three-dimensional features redistributes the flow. The opportunity is therefore taken to rematch the sections based on the predicted results of the CFD codes. The above philosophy is used in the redesign of the datum compressor. Overall characteristics and exit traverse results from the test of the advanced build are compared to those from the datum build.
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9

Ciconkov, Risto. "Climate Change and HVACR Systems." In 50th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition. SMEITS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/kghk.019.50.1.245.

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Indicators at a global level are presented: population in the world today and forecasts for developed and developing countries. The following diagrams are presented: world total primary energy consumption, global CO2 emissions from combustion since 1971, as well as cumulative CO2 emissions by regions since 1750. Facts for climate change are included (according to WMO and IPCC): increase in GHG concentrations, increase in air temperature, rise in sea level, etc. The consequences of global warming are listed: extreme rainfall and floods; high temperatures – heat waves, droughts, wildfires; huge damage to agriculture; harmful impacts on the environment, etc. The IPCC provides several scenarios for a global rise of air temperature up to 2100, for a global rise of sea level etc. The activities of the international community on climate change are organized through: IPCC, UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement and continuous negotiations. The European Union (EU) is probably the most advanced in the battle against climate change. Some important strategies are outlined: by 2020, by 2030, and by 2050. Heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration systems (HVACR) are connected with energy consumption, which means they are a source of GHG emissions. The situation with HVACR systems is such that even in EU countries, the fossil fuels are dominant in the heating systems. Future solutions for HVACR systems are described. The first step is to increase the energy efficiency of buildings and HVACR equipment. The concept of "nearly zero-energy buildings" should be worked on. HVACR systems should be based on renewable energy sources (RES). The considered solutions include heat pumps, solar panels, thermal storage, district heating, combined heat and power, condensing boilers, reversible air conditioners, the concept of "smart" buildings, automation of HVACR systems with digital technology, etc. The political, economic and social aspects of climate change are analyzed. Capitalism society, market economy, profit, is the main reason for today's climate change situation. On the end, there is a discussion highlighting the need for urgent and major investment in RES and energy efficiency. For rich countries, this is really achievable. But developing countries, representing 83% of the world's population, need financial assistance, and this needs to be regulated through the Paris Agreement. Obstacles of a political nature are also possible (US and Paris Agreement).
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Dannhauer, Axel. "Investigation of Trailing Edge Cooling Concepts in a High Pressure Turbine Cascade: Analysis of the Adiabatic Film Cooling Effectiveness." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59343.

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Within a European research project experimental studies were performed concerning the determination of the film cooling efficiency on the pressure side of trailing edges of high pressure turbine blades. The experiments were carried out at the linear cascade wind tunnel (EGG) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Go¨ttingen. The thermodynamic investigations were performed using the same cascade geometries and trailing edge configurations as for the aerodynamic measurements. Two different trailing edge geometries with coolant ejection were investigated. The first configuration was equipped with a pressure side cutback while for the second configuration the pressure side film cooling was realized by a row of cylindrical holes. The determination of the surface temperatures was done by using a combination of IR-thermography and thermocouples. Preliminary studies showed the feasibility to use metallic surfaces of the suction side of the adjacent blade as a mirror for IR-thermography. Thus it is possible to observe the pressure side near the trailing edge of interest by means of an infrared camera. The camera was mounted outside of the cascade’s free stream ensuring no influence to the aerodynamic boundary conditions. Up to seven flush mounted thermocouples on each side of the trailing edge were used for an in-situ calibration of the infrared pictures and thermal loss calculations. The distributions and averaged values of the film cooling efficiency are in agreement with aerodynamic measurements [9]. The results for the cutback configuration with 0.5% mass flow rate ejected show an accumulation of coolant just behind the coolant slot which is caused by a vortex in the dead region of the cutback. In case of 1.0% mass flow rate a refilling of this region with coolant is indicated. For higher mass flow rates the distributions of the film cooling efficiency looses it’s homogeneity due to flow separations on some ribs of the pin fin array inside of the slot. For the configuration with pressure side bleeding the best coverage could be obtained applying 1.0% mass flow rate.
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