Academic literature on the topic 'European Coins'
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Journal articles on the topic "European Coins"
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Mysko, Volodymyr. "Circular coins of European countries: history, description, systematization, methods of application in geography lessons." 33, no. 33 (August 1, 2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2075-1893-2021-33-04.
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The article highlights the importance of the implementation of competency-based learning in modern school, which requires, above all, activation of mental activity of students and development of their creative abilities. The purpose of this article is to review and systematize circulation of coins of European countries, to study images of physical and socio-geographical objects, processes and phenomena on coins. It is important to highlight historical aspects of formation and functioning of the monetary system on the European continent, present their vision of optimal use of metal banknotes in geography lessons in general secondary education. Main material. The use of such visual aids as coins plays an important role in the development of visual thinking of schoolchildren, visual acuity, observation, visual memory. The author believes that one of the most important visual aids used successfully in general secondary education in geography lessons is metal banknotes - coins. Teachers can use them at almost every stage of learning. The article analyses peculiarities of the design development of circulating coins in European countries, their local lore and country orientation. We know that the coins depict political and historical fi gures, prominent representatives of culture or typical representatives of the organic world, the population of the country, nationalities. The article presents the analysis results of collections of circulation coins in European countries on the images of plants and plant ornaments, animals, astronomical, hydrological, social, historical, political, economic objects. Among 344 circulation coins of European countries, the image of socio-geographical objects accounts for 267 coins (77.6%), the image of physical-geographical objects – 77 units, which is 22.4% of all coins. The most common images on European coins are historical, political and social objects, plants and plant ornaments. Conclusions. The article off ers a number of methods and receptions of eff ective application of circulation coins of the European countries at the lessons of geography at the establishments of general secondary education, based on methodical and didactic researches. There is a table with a detailed description of images of all modern euro coins for the implementation of practical tasks during the study course «Geography: Regions and Countries».
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Brianna Barbu. "Western European coins’ Byzantine origins." C&EN Global Enterprise 102, no. 12 (2024): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10212-scicon4.
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Dimov, Kaloyan. "Regarding an Akçe from a Coin Hoard near Tutrakantsi Village, Provadia Region." Journal of Historical and Archaeological Research, no. 2-3 (December 20, 2024): 105–9. https://doi.org/10.46687/ktgr2145.
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In 1986, a coin hoard was discovered in the Katrandzhiyata Locality, 2.5–3 km west of the Provadian village of Tutrakantsi. The coins were subsequently scattered among the population of the village. The European coins in the preserved part of the hoard, which was published by Lachezar Lazarov, number six in total, and those of Ottoman origin comprise 309 coins. The latest European coin is a French issue of Louis XIV from 1660, and the latest Ottoman examples are of Sultan Mehmed IV (1648–1687). Among the published Ottoman coins is a curious akçe, which is included in a group containing a total of 22 coins of Sultan Mehmed IV with illegible or missing mints. In the present article the author identifies the coin as an akçe stroked at the mint of Dimashk – modern-day Damascus, Syria. Thus, the information about the hoard is corrected and supplemented.
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Elokhin, Kirill. "Pseudoheraldry on Mamluk Coins." ISTORIYA 15, no. 7 (141) (2024): 0. https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840032139-1.
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The article discusses signs depicted on the coins of the Mamluks, which had been minted for several centuries of their rule in Egypt and Syria. Some of these signs seem to be borrowed from European heraldry. Such signs could be inherited by sultan’s successors, even despite the change of dynasties. Based on this knowledge, some Western and Russian specialists believe that heraldry did exist in the culture of the Mamluks. The article provides arguments that refute this point of view. The author argues that the Mamluks had their own emblematic system, only partially similar to European heraldry, but based on completely different principles in a completely different society. Formation of this emblematic system was affected by the peculiar structure of the Mamluk state, the elitism of those who had the right to have their own emblem. As for the coins, when they were used, the signs depicted on them could serve as certain markers for use in commercial transactions. The ideology and propaganda were secondary to the economic ones.
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Mitev, Nevyan, and Dragomir Georgiev. "French and Spanish Coins (17th – 18th Centuries AD) from the Collection of the Museum of History in Provadia." Bulgarian Numismatic Journal (BulgNJ) 2, no. 1 (2024): 29–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11076623.
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During the Ottoman period Provadia became a major trade and economic centre, where the largest colony of Dubrovnik in North-east Bulgaria was located. From here the Dubrovnik merchants carried out their trade (regional and international). For a period Provadia was one of the European mints of the Ottoman Empire, which clearly speaks for the significant role of the city. This fact is also supported by the source material from that period, where one of the most frequently mentioned kazas is those of Provadia. Various coins were circulating on the market in this significant Ottoman city. In addition to domestic – Ottoman emissions, there were foreign – European ones. The purpose of this study is to present the main types of European coins that were in circulation in the kaza of Provadia in the 16–18 centuries including eight French issues mostly of Louis XIV (1643–1715), nine Spanish coins of Philip V (1700–1746).
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Grumeza, Lavinia. "Corpus of the Roman Finds in the European Barbaricum. Romania 1." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 26, no. 2 (2020): 332–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341377.
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Abstract The goal of this paper is to present the Roman products found in Arad County (West Romania), to analyse the Roman-Dacians connections, and the avenues by which the Roman goods made their way into the Dacian world, west of the Carpathians. Excluding the coins, Italian goods are sporadically found in Dacian sites dating from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD: some fragmentary bronze and glass vessels, terra sigillata, and various ceramic plates. Most of the imports occur in settlements and hoards, but except for the coins, other types of Roman items were not treasured. The preponderance of the Republican denarii (and imitations) over the imperial ones can be easily distinguished – no matter where they were struck. The conspicuously high quantity of coins could indicate special donations received by the Dacians from the Romans, particularly during the reign of Burebista and Decebalus.
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Gherardi, Francesca, and Jan Pelsdonk. "Investigating the Sources of Silver in 17th- and 18th-Century Silver Coins from the Rooswijk Shipwreck by Compositional Studies." Materials 18, no. 5 (2025): 925. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18050925.
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The colonisation of the Americas and the discovery of its rich ores had a great impact on the world economies, making them quickly become the main suppliers of precious metals in Europe. The compositional studies of several coins (ducatons, eight reales cob8, four reales cob4, eight reales pillar dollar, four reales half pillar dollars, rijderschellings and silver rijders) recovered from the 18th-century Dutch East India Company Rooswijk wreck by micro X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) spectroscopy revealed further knowledge about the silver trade and the silver sources used to produce coins in mints in the Low Countries over a wide timeframe (1618–1739). The results provided trace elemental ‘fingerprints’ of coins minted with silver from known mines, and matching against them revealed the silver sources used in coins, whose mint location could not be identified due to their poor state of preservation. This study proved that, despite the decrease in silver production in European mines in the 17th century and the huge influx of American silver into Europe, in the 18th century, the mints in the Dutch Republic and, to a lesser extent, in the Spanish Netherlands still highly relied on the recycling of older coins and on the import of silver from central European mines.
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Mammadova, Aygun. "Numismatics of Sallarids." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 29, no. 4 (2024): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.4.4.
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Introduction. The goal of the research is to reveal data on coinage and trade routes during the period of the Sallarids (the Musafirids, the Kangarids). Based on unique numismatic facts – both individual coins and coin hoards found in Azerbaijan and European countries – the author made an attempt to clarify and localize mints, the names of territorial regions (“Azerbaijan” and “Arminiyya”), as well as trade routes. Methods and materials. Referring to the comparative method, the author explained basic conclusions about the monetary economy of the period. Coins of the Sallarids period were used as actual material. Analysis and results. The coins minted during the mentioned period are not only the facts confirming local coinage (the statehood), but also unique examples of trade routes, beliefs, and hereditary authority, including the calligraphy of Azerbaijan in the Middle Ages. Such findings having come down to our time are manifesting rich silver mines and the handiwork of local artisans, as well. Rulers of the Sallarids dynasty, on behalf of whom (sometimes together with their heir or vizier) the coins had been minted in several towns of historical Azerbaijan, benefited from the right of “coin” (coining by the name of the supreme ruler). Founding such coins together with the coins of the other medieval Islamic rulers both in Azerbaijan (Nakhchivan) and in European countries (Switzerland, Estonia, and different areas of Russia) proves extensive trade relations of Azerbaijan with other countries. Various museums and collections currently preserve these coins, which researchers study and showcase in fascinating exhibitions and expositions. The author of the article promotes these facts when teaching the subjects “Numismatic of Azerbaijan” and “Caucasus numismatic” at the Western Caspian University (Baku, Azerbaijan).
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Kerremans, Bart, and Edith Drieskens. "Van euro naar uitbreiding : de Europese Unie in 2002." Res Publica 45, no. 2-3 (2003): 349–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v45i2-3.18482.
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The European Union stepped into the year 2002 with mixedfeelings. On the one hand, the anthraxcrisis and the war in Afghanistan remembered of the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. On the other hand, the introduction of the euro notes and coins created a EU-wide feeling of euphoria. In the following twelve months, EU activity was mainly dominated by the impeding eastern enlargement. Moreover, in 2002, the institutional foundations were laid ofwhat will turn out to be one of the mostfundamental transformations ofthe European construction in EU history. As most of these activities will be settled in the years to come, asfor 2002, especially the starting point - the introduction of the euro coins and notes -and the end point- the decision ofthe Copenhagen European Council to welcome Cyprus, Estonza, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic in 2004 into the European family - will remain printed in the European memory.
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Dymowski, Arkadiusz. "A Graphical Method for Analysing Chronological Patterns of Coin Sets / Graficzna metoda analizy profili chronologicznych zestawów monet." Notae Numismaticae - Zapiski Numizmatyczne, no. 17 (June 30, 2023): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52800/ajst.1.17.a11.
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This paper presents a graphical method for analysing chronological patterns which can be successfully applied to coin sets (e.g. hoards) containing specimens dated within multiple, overlapping timespans of up to several dozen years. The timespans are considered rounded up to full years, i.e. the shortest timespan would be 1 year, while the longer ones could cover several, a dozen or more years. This works well, for example, with Roman coins from the Imperial period, or with some categories of medieval or modern European coinage. The method is based on a simple mathematical model and the values calculated for each year are presented in a graphical form (as values of a discrete function spread on a timeline) to show the chronological distribution of coins in percentage terms. Such distributions make sets of coins easy to compare. The method is much less effective when applied to precisely dated coins (e.g. with an accuracy of one year), like Roman coins from the Republican period, or certain categories of early medieval Islamic coins.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "European Coins"
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Holtgrefe, Jon Mark 1987. "The characterization of civil war: Literary, numismatic, and epigraphical presentations of the 'year of the four emperors'." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11626.
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viii, 113 p.<br>This thesis analyzes various literary, numismatic, and epigraphical narratives of the Roman civil war of 69CE, and the representations of the four emperors who fought in it. In particular the focus is on how the narratives and representations relate to one another. Such an investigation provides us with useful insight into the people and events of 69 and how contemporaries viewed the actors and the events. These various presentations, most notably the works of five ancient historians and biographers, give 69 the distinction of being one of the best documented years in all antiquity. Historical scholarship has typically sought to determine which of these authors was the most accurate on the points which they disagreed. These points of difference, largely subjective opinion and therefore equally valid, illuminate instead the diverse ways in which an event can be interpreted. This thesis will focus on why there is such diversity and its usefulness to the historian.<br>Committee in charge: Dr. John Nicols, Chair;
Dr. Sean Anthony, Member;
Dr. Mary Jaeger, Member
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Odgrim, Mikael. "Ekonomin i Sala gruvby omkring 1500 till 1600 : en jämförande studie av myntfynd från Sala gruvby och kyrkfynd." Thesis, Gotland University, School of Culture, Energy and Environment, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-646.
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<p>The subject of this essay in archaeology is the economy at the mining village of Saladuringthe 16th and early 17th century. The silvermine in Sala was once the foremost producer of silver in Sweden, and the mine as well as the mining village had had a long and rich history. This history can be seen in historical documents as well as in archaeological findings. The lure of silver attracted many different people to the mining village. This in turn madetrade an important part of the mining village. The trade made it possible for coins to circulatefreely and this made it possible for a monetary based economy to be established in the miningvillage. The focus of this essay is mainly on coin finds, but also on other archaeological items foundduring excavations of the mining village. These other archaeological finds can shed some light on the type of economy that existed in the mining village. Included is a comparison of coin finds in two other locations, namely the chapel ruins of St. Ursula in Västerås and Vårfrukyrkan in Enköping. Each of the churches is located near Sala and were used contemporary with the mining village. The purpose of including them into this study is to see whether these churches used the same stock of coin as they did in the mining village.</p>
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Arkan, Zeynep. "Two sides of the coin : internal and external dimensions of European Union identity in discourse." Thesis, University of Kent, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590023.
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This thesis focuses on the process of identity construction taking place within the European Union. Through an analysis of how the Union constructs the internal dimension of its identity in its domestic sphere targeting the citizens of its Member States and how it constructs the external dimension of its identity in the international sphere targeting mainly the non-member states and their citizens, the thesis seeks to answer the question to what extent the internal and external dimensions of the EU's identity, as analysed within the framework of the education policy and the foreign policy of the Union, form a coherent whole. It argues that identity has two dimensions: an external dimension which corresponds to the projection of the political community onto the world, and an internal one in which the idea of this imagined political community is projected back onto its citizens. Building on this framework, the thesis claims that these two facets of identity form a coherent and meaningful identity framework, the internal and external dimensions of which are constructed in quite similar and complementary ways. It also argues that the representations of the internal and external facets of the EU's identity illustrate great similarities in the way they were conceptualised, promoted and linked to the overall policy objectives of the Union in the two policy areas discussed within the framework of this study.
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Messina, Frédéric. "Équilibre concurrentiel et sport professionnel : l'exemple du football européen." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10066.
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L'analyse concurrentielle du marché pertinent du football professionnel européen fait ressortir le saisissant contraste présent entre la force de l'exigence d'une concurrence "libre" et "non faussée" et la relativité de son existence sur le marché. Depuis l'arrêt "Bosman" et la reconnaissance par la Cour de justice de la liberté de circulation des sportifs professionnels, l'économie concurrentielle du marché en cause est inégalitaire et le sort de la compétition économique prévisible. En supprimant les clauses de nationalité, qui limitaient les flux transnationaux de joueurs et l'impact de l'hétérogénéité des systèmes fiscaux sur le processus concurrentiel, les juges de Luxembourg ont structurellement remis en cause les conditions de concurrence du marché. En effet, les clubs au "coin socio-fiscal du travail" élevé ont vu leur liberté concurrentielle être affectée et leur chance de réussir, dans la compétition économique, considérablement se réduire. Leur incapacité fiscale à proposer, à coût égal, des rémunérations attractives et compétitives aux facteurs de concurrence que sont les joueurs, s'est traduite, dans le contexte de la libéralisation du marché, par un "état d'infériorité structurelle". Cette situation immédiatement contraire aux objectifs des Traités a engendré une allocation inefficace des richesses du marché et une qualité disparate de l'offre de spectacle sportif au sein de la Communauté<br>The competitive analysis of the relevant market of the European professional football highlights the striking contrast between the strength of the requirement of a “free” and “undistorted” competition and the relativity of its existence on the market.Since the “Bosman” decision and the recognition by the European Court of Justice of the freedom of movement for professional sportsmen, the competitive economy of the relevant market is non-egalitarian and the result of economic competition is predictable. By suppressing the nationality clauses which limited the transnational flows of the players and the impact of heterogeneity of tax systems on the competitive process, the judges of Luxembourg structurally altered the competitive conditions into the market. Indeed, football clubs at “the wedge between labour costs and net wages” saw their competitive freedom being affected and their chance to succeed in the economic competition considerably reduced. Their tax incapacity to propose, at equal cost, attractive and competitive payments to the competition factors that are the players, has translated, in the context of the liberalization of the market, by a “structural inferiority state”. This situation at once went against the objectives of the Treaties causing an inefficient allowance of the wealth in the market, as well as an ill-assorted quality of the sport entertainment offer within the Common Market
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Borges, Rui Luís Perry da Camara. "Portuguese silver from the 15th to the 17th century, the 11 dinheiros silver coins." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/57050.
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High silver surface contents of high fineness silver coins have been considered in some cases as deriving from very pure silver alloys, being reliable for original bulk composition. Until now, the extent in which surface silver enrichment influences surface analytical results in coins alloys with finenesses greater than the silver content indexed to the maximum value of copper solid solubility in silver (91.2 wt.%) have been disregarded. This investigation, focused on microstructural and compositional characterization of Portuguese 11 dinheiros silver coins, has revealed important surface silver enrichments in high silver fineness coins. In these silver alloys, coin manufacturing process induces a subsurface microstructurally modified layer resulting from intergranular dry and wet corrosion in annealing operations, primarily related to preferential leaching of Cu-rich phase in subsurface depth. This subsurface layer originates a silver overestimation by PIXE and EDXRF analysis, 4 to 7% higher than the bulk of the coins, with unknown elemental compositional gradient and depth that can extend up to to about 70 μm. This study shows, through the combination of different analytical methods, EDXRF, PIXE, SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-MS, that important metallurgical information resulting from the minting process may be missed, when relying only on the judgment of high silver alloys surface analysis.
Albeit the existing minor/trace elements compositional gradients between coins surface and bulk, surface contents correlations discriminate distinct silver sources processed during the 15th to 17th centuries in Portugal, from different historical periods and mints, Lisbon and Porto. Gold/bismuth ratios related to the processed silver initial composition and lead/bismuth ratios related to the silver metallurgical processes, are important discriminators of these high silver alloys. Mercury appears also to be an important element for the discrimination of silver alloys sources.
Portuguese minting depended and relied on different silver sources during the 15th to 17th centuries. European silver with high Au and Hg, and low Pb and Bi contents, supplied the oldest chronologies of Dom Afonso V and Dom João II in the 15th century, being replaced at the dawn of the 16th century by a new precious metal entering the Portuguese capital, with low Au and high Bi contents, probably derived from argentiferous copper ore sources processing. In the 2nd and 3rd quarters of the 16th century, minor/trace elements contents of Lisbon and Porto mints evolve towards the compositional homogenization observed in Dom Sebastião I period, probably due to major recycling operations of the earlier currency realized in each kingdom. Philippine chronologies reveal the presence of the new discovered Potosí American silver, introduced in Portugal by Dom Filipe I (Felipe II of Spain), distinguishable from the European silver in use until 1578 in the Portuguese territory, by Au contents < 100 ppm and very low Bi contents. Potosí silver is identified for the first time through a superficial analytical method, such as PIXE, rather than by NAA multielement global analysis.
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Ventura, Érica Mariana Pereira. "As criptomoedas e a aplicabilidade do atual quadro regulatório europeu." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/36080.
Full textBooks on the topic "European Coins"
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Lindgren, Henry Clay. Ancient Greek bronze coins: European mints from the Lindgren collection. Chrysopylon Publishers, 1989.
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A.H. Baldwin & Sons Ltd and Baldwin’s Auctions Ltd. Auction number 91: World coins from the Åke Linden collection; ... Lusignan coins of Cyprus, Indian coins, and coin cabinets. Baldwin's Auctions Ltd., 2014.
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Leu & Co. Numismatische Abteilung. Byzantinische Münzen, Griechische Münzen, Münzen des Mittelalters, Silbermünzen Europäischer Staaten: Leu-Liste Sommer '92. Leu Numismatik, 1992.
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Pârvan, Katiuşa, Gheorghe Mănucu-Adameșteanu, Andrei Măgureanu, and Ingrid Poll. București, centrul istoric: Strada Nicolae Tonitza : un tezaur monetar din secolele XVI-XVII = Bucarest, centre historique : rue Nicolae Tonitza : une trésor monetaire des XVIe-XVIIe siècles. Editura AGIR, 2009.
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Kharitonov, Khristo. Ent︠s︡iklopedii︠a︡ numizmatika: Monetite na Evropa v Bulgarii︠a︡ : XV-XVIII vek. Izd-vo "Abagar", 1998.
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Prokisch, Bernhard. Grunddaten zur europäischen Münzprägung der Neuzeit ca. 1500-1990: Münzstände, Prägeberechtigte, Prägezeiten, Münzstätten, Kurzbibliographie, Versuch einer Abfolgeordnung. Fassbaender, 1993.
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Münzenhandlung, Fritz Rudolf Künker. 1000 years of European coinage: The De Wit collection of medieval coins. Fritz Rudolf Künker e.K., 2007.
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A.H. Baldwin & Sons Ltd and Baldwin’s Auctions Ltd. Auction number 86: The Arielle collection of British Colonial Coins, Part II : Europe, Asia, Oceania and the Caribbean. Baldwin's Auctions Ltd., 2014.
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Münzen & Medaillen Deutschland GmbH. Sammlung Elektron, griechische, römische und byzantinische Münzen: Deutsche und ausländische Münzen und Medaillen fund von Rheinböllen (um 1418), Sammlung Salzburg. Münzen & Medaillen Deutschland GmbH, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "European Coins"
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Peijnenburg, Jeanne, and David Atkinson. "Biased Coins A model for higher-order probabilities." In European Philosophy of Science – Philosophy of Science in Europe and the Viennese Heritage. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01899-7_17.
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Menegon, Eugenio. "«Robbe d’Europa»: Global Connections and the Mailing of Letters, Money, and Merchandise in the Eighteenth-Century China Mission." In Connessioni. Studies in Transcultural History. Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0242-8.03.
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Manuscript reports and letters written in China by the Propaganda Fide and Jesuit missionaries criss-crossed the oceans and the continents to reach Europe on ships, carts, horses, mules, and palanquins, using both European systems of transportation provided by the various East India Companies and governments, and other local public and private postal arrangements. Missionary agencies also mailed from the West robbe d’Europa («European things»), such as silver coins, foodstuff and drugs (chocolate, wine, cheese, olive oil, tobacco), medicines, galanterie (luxury items), books, devotional objects and prints. Chinese goods (tea, silk, medicines, luxury items, books) were sent in the opposite direction to please patrons in Europe. Without this multi-layered, imperfect, yet workable mailing system, the flow of information and articles fuelling early modern globalisation and, within it, the Chinese missions, would have been impossible.
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Gortsos, Christos V. "The Basic Tasks of the European Central Bank Within the Eurosystem and Issuance of Banknotes and Coins." In Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Banking and Financial Institutions. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34564-8_7.
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Calligaro, Oriane. "Designing Europeanness: Euro Banknotes and Coins." In Negotiating Europe. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137369901_4.
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Irigoin, Alejandra. "Respondentia: The alternative contract for global trade finance in the Early Modern period." In Datini Studies in Economic History. Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0347-0.30.
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By specifying the specie on which returns were to be repaid respondentia was an efficient instrument to carry trade in which silver was «essential» for the continuation of commerce. As silver was imported as specie, where a multiplicity of means of payments existed and silver was the preferred money, it performed as foreign currency. Without common standards for foreign coins created issues for trade, the pricing of specie, and exchange rates. Eighteenth century Europeans alternatively used respondentia or bills depending on the monetary context, casting a doubt on the inherent efficiency of a cashless means of payment. Bills of exchange did not circulate outside Europe where cash had a premium. As the intermediary Europe developed means to regulate the price of foreign coins and exchange rates. Elsewhere respondentia had an advantage over bills; it allowed to hedge against uncertainty and propitiated arbitrage profits.
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Engl, Heinz W., and Ewald Lindner. "Computing Eddy Current Losses in Reactor Coils." In European Consortium for Mathematics in Industry. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-12063-6_1.
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Böninger, Lorenz. "Ser Giovanni di Francesco, Forger of Coins and Man of ‘Ingegno’." In Europa Sacra. Brepols Publishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.es-eb.5.109720.
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Lehrberger, G., and Ch J. Raub. "A Look into the Interior of Celtic Gold Coins." In Prehistoric Gold in Europe. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-1292-3_22.
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de Zwaan, Jaap. "The Netherlands: Solidarity and Responsibility Are Two Sides of the Same Coin." In European Solidarity in Action and the Future of Europe. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86537-5_27.
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Adamczyk, Dariusz. "Crafts, coins and trade (900–1300)." In The Routledge Handbook of East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1300. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429276217-14.
Full textConference papers on the topic "European Coins"
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Lapuh, Rado, Çağlar Aslan, Klemen Štibernik, and Martin Hudlička. "Uniform magnetic field coils construction optimization." In 2024 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility – EMC Europe. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emceurope59828.2024.10722607.
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Hoang, Van Ai, Yang Gon Kim, and Young Chul Lee. "An Energy Harvester Using Stacked Flexible-PCB Coils on a Ship Propulsion Shaft for Wireless Sensor System Applications." In 2024 54th European Microwave Conference (EuMC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eumc61614.2024.10732743.
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Boldureanu, Ana, and Gheorghe Postică. "Monedele otomane din complexele funerare de la Mănăstirea Căpriana." In Cercetarea și valorificarea patrimoniului arheologic medieval. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/idn-c12-2022-190-203.
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The authors present the coins discovered during the archaeological excavations carried out in 1993, 2001-2003, 2005-2008 and 2016. During the archaeological excavations at the Căpriana Monastery, 132 coins were discovered in the necropolis of the founders inside the Church of the Dormition of the Mother of God, within the filling soil under the floor of the church, in the necropolis around the church, in the wall of a building located to the west of the church, as well as in the cultural layer around the church. A total of 36 coins discovered inside the church come from 10 graves and its cultural layer, while the coins discovered in the necropolis around the church come from 7 graves. From the total number of 88 investigated graves, coins were discovered in 17 burial complexes (19%). Most of the graves contain a single coin, in grave 39 2 coins were found, in grave 56 24 pieces were deposited, representing a small treasure, and in another case (grave 18) a monetary deposit consisting of 83 coins was found. The coins deposited in graves represent several monetary areas. The European ones are issues of the Kingdom of Poland and the Holy German Empire issued starting from the third decade of the 16th century and up to 1627. Most of the coins from Căpriana come from the Ottoman Empire, representing coins issued in the 18th century, but also two copies with a large denomination - ikilik, issued by Selim III, being the most recent coins from the tombs.
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Boskov, Ivan, Halil Yetgin, Carolina Fortuna, and Mihael Mohorcic. "Performance Evaluation of COINS Framework for Wireless Network Automation." In 2021 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit51104.2021.9482454.
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Ушанков, Е. М., and П. Г. Гайдуков. "West European coins from the 2016 excavation of the church of the Annunciation at Gorodische." In Архитектурная археология. Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2686-6900.1.137-139.
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Публикация вводит внаучный оборот две западноевропейские монеты, обнаруженные в 2016 г. при раскопках церкви Благовещения на Рюриковом городище вслоях, предшествующих постройке храма 1103 г. В числе находок фризский денарий, изготовленный вгороде Доккюм при графе Экберте II (1068 1090) и неопределенное подражание германскому денарию XIв. The article introduces two West European coins recovered in the2016 excavation at the church of the Annunciation at Rurik Gorodische, in the laye10681090) and a unidentifi ed imitation of an 11th century Germanic denar.
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Hermon, Sorin. "BUILDING DIGILAB – TOWARDS A DATA-DRIVEN RESEARCH IN CULTURAL HERITAGE." In VIRTUAL ARCHAEOLOGY. SIBERIAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/sibvirarch-012.
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E-RIHS – The European Research Infrastructure on Heritage Science, aims at providing new knowledge on the research, conservation and restoration of works of art, heritage assets, monuments and sites. As such, the target of its scientific investigation (paintings, sculptures, manuscripts, frescoes, icons, archaeological artefacts, building facades, architectural remains or heritage buildings, coins or ancient musical instruments, just to name a few) are stored in the hundreds of museums, art galleries, private collections and various other institutions, scattered all over Europe.
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Iba, Takashi, Elly Shimamura, and Haruto Aoki. "Pattern Coins: Practice-Gifting Media to Encourage Practices of Pattern Languages within Communities." In EuroPLoP 2023: 28th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs. ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3628034.3628059.
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CEPRAGA, Lucia, and Svetlana BÎRSAN. "Euro banknotes – valuation instrument of cultural heritage in multicultural context." In "Educaţia multiculturală, spaţiu formativ pentru educaţia valorilor". Conferinţa ştiinţifică naţională cu participare internaţională. Ion Creangă Pedagogical State University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.46727/c.emc-2023.p8-15.
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An instrument for capitalizing on multiculturalism in the European space is the European currency – the euro. Through the common European currency – euro, materialized through coins, but also banknotes, according to us, non-assimilative cultural integration is pursued, in order to establish a common supra-ethnic identity and, at the same time, preserve the national specificity. €0 banknotes represent both a collection object and a set of cultural-educational tools, which are meant to promote historical events, notorious personalities, memorable places from the cultural-historical treasury of national cultures. The €0 banknotes from Romania illustrated on the obverse priceless elements of the Romanian cultural heritage, promoted in this way in the European cultural universe. The connection of Romanian culture with the universal European cultural space is made through the reverse side of the souvenir banknotes. The European currency, materialized through European banknotes with and without monetary value, is an effective and original tool for promoting national and international culture in the development of education, national tourism, cultural dimensions in multicultural and international contexts. In turn, collectible banknotes, including €0 banknotes, can be used with maximum efficiency as a collector's item for numismatists, a souvenir for tourists, a promotional item for entrepreneurs, a gift for friends, authentic and interdisciplinary teaching material for teachers.
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Абрамзон, М. Г. "BARBARIAN IMITATIONS OF BOSPORAN STATERS AND ROMAN DENARII FROM PHANAGORIA." In Hypanis. Труды отдела классической археологии ИА РАН. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2021.978-5-94375-350-3.7-17.
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В статье рассматриваются находки варварских подражаний позднебоспорским статерам и римским денариям с типом идущего Марса из раскопок Фанагории 2008–2018 гг. Эти две группы имитаций обращались на денежном рынке Фанагории (как и Боспорского царства в целом) в 3–4 вв.н. э. параллельно с боспорскими статерами и небольшим количеством римских монет. Первая группа состоит из подражаний статерам Фофорса и Рескупорида VI. Публикуются два подражания статерам первого и четыре – статерам второго. Присутствие имитаций боспорских статеров в кладах (Фанагорийском 2011 г. и Гай-Кодзорском 1986 г.), а также единичные их находки в позднеантичном слое Фанагории свидетельствуют о том, что варварские подражания, имеющие сходный облик и вес с оригинальными статерами, обращались на денежном рынке синхронно. В денежной массе, состоящей из деградированных статеров, превратившихся из монеты пол ной стоимости в монету условной стоимости при сохранении типологии и веса более ранних статеров, они были незаметны. Остается констатировать, что вопрос места чеканки и этнической принадлежности народа, которым они были выпущены, остаются открытыми до сих пор. По-видимому, следует говорить о сармато-аланах, осевших в Прикубанье. Пред ставляется, что по технике изготовления, стилю и фактуре эти монеты близки к бронзовым подражаниям боспорским электровым статерам, получившим распространение на терри тории Западного Прикубанья – в Усть-Лабинском р-не Краснодарского края. Вторую группу составляют северокавказские подражания римским денариям с ти пом идущего Марса. На данный момент зарегистрировано уже более 30 таких монет, найденных на городище, в основном медных, реже билонных. Концентрация находок северокавказских подражаний охватывает в основном южную и юго-восточную периферию Боспора от Анапы до Краснодара и Новороссийска, а также прилегающие западные районы Северного Кавказа. С этой территории происходят и все известные клады, цели ком состоявшие из таких подражаний или включавшие небольшое их количество вместе с боспорскими статерами (Гай-Кадзорские клады 1972 и 1977 гг.). Часть подражаний проникала и на Европейский Боспор. Чеканка подражаний римским денариям с типом идущего Марса связывается не с готами, как считалось прежде, а с сираками или сармато-аланскими племенами Растущее количество находок подражаний римским денариям в Фанагории дает основание утверждать, что они обращались на денежном рынке города параллельно со статерами Рескупорида V, Фофорса, Радамсада, Рескупорида VI. Вместе с тем, они не играли существенной роли в денежном обращении Боспора. Новый материал из Фанагории дает возможность уделить специальное внимание роли имитаций в денежном обращении позднего Боспора. Несмотря на то, что корпус варварских подражаний существенно расширился в последнее десятилетие, решение вопроса хронологии групп имитаций римских денариев остается не удовлетворительным, поскольку зарегистрированные экземпляры не связаны с конкретным археологическим контекстом. Отсюда фанагорийский материал представляет особую ценность. The article considers finds of barbarian imitations of Late Bosporan staters and Roman denarii of the walking Mars type from Phanagoria made in 2008–2018. These two groups of imitations circulated within the Phanagorian monetary market (as well as in the whole Bosporan in the 3rd – 4th centuries along with Bosporan staters and a small amount of Roman coins. The first group includes imitations of staters minted by Thothorses and Rhescuporis VI. Here we publish two imitations of the first one and four of the second. The presence of the imitations of Bosporan staters in hoards (the Phanagorian 2011 hoard and the Gai-Kodzor 1986 hoard) as well as single finds in the Late Roman layer of Phanagoria testify to the simultaneous circulation of barbarian imitations (of the same appearance and weight as the original staters). Within the monetary mass consisting of degraded staters, initially full-weight coins turning into marks of conventional value, they were unrecognizable. One can only guess of their provenance, including their mint and the ethnic group producing these coins. Possibly, they could be attributed to the Sarmatian and the Alanian tribes inhabiting the Kuban area. The technique, style and facture of these coins are close to bronze imitations of Bosporan electrum staters circulated in the West Kuban area – in the Ust-Labinsk region of the Krasnodar area. The second group includes North Caucasus imitations of Roman denarii of the walking Mars type. At present there are over thirty finds of similar coins from Phanagoria, most of them bronze, though some are billon. The finds of similar North Caucasus imitations are concentrated mostly within the South and South-East areas of the Bosporan kingdom from Anapa to Krasnodar and Novorossiysk and the adjoining West regions of the North Caucasus. From this area come also known hoards consisting of similar imitations or containing a number of them along with Bosporan staters (Gai-Kodzor 1972 and 1977 hoards). Some of these imitations penetrated to the European part of the Bosporos. The production of imitations of the Roman denarii of the walking Mars type should be attributed not to the Goths, as considered previously, but with the Sirakoi or Sarmato-Alanian tribes. The growing number of finds of Roman-type imitations from Phanagoria make us state that they were circulated in the Phanagorian market parallel with staters of Rhescuporis V, Thothorses, Rhadamsades, and Rhescuporis VI. At the same time their role in the monetary system of the Bosporos was insignificant. New finds from Phanagoria make it possible to draw special attention to the significance of imitations in the Late Bosporan currency. Even though the number of barbarian imitations finds in the last decade grew significantly, we are still far from defining the chronology of different groups of the Roman-type imitations, because most of the finds are not associated definitely with any certain archaeological context, which makes the finds from Phanagoria especially valuable.
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Абрамзон, М. Г., В. Д. Кузнецов, and С. Н. Остапенко. "EARLY MEDIAVAL COINS FROM CHANCE FINDS IN KEPOI." In Hypanis. Труды отдела классической археологии ИА РАН. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2020.978-5-94375-324-4.37-45.
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В статье публикуются раннесредневековые монеты, случайно найденные в пос. Сенном (Темрюкский р-н Краснодарского края) летом 2020 г. и поступившие в фонды Государственного историко-археологического музея-заповедника «Фанагория». Коллекция насчитывает 10 монет. Семь из них – византийские: две золотых и пять медных. Золотые монеты: солид Василия I Македонянина (867–886) и гистаменон Никифора III Вотаниата. (1078–1081). Медные: херсонские выпуски Василия I и Никифора II Фоки (963–969), а также три анонимных фоллиса 11 в. Остальные три монеты – тмутараканские подражания милиарисиям Василия II и Константина VIII (одно билонное и два медных). Находки связаны со средневековым слоем городища Кеп: все византийские монеты происходят из его западной части, размываемой морем, тмутараканские – восточной. Публикуемая коллекция случайных находок включает редкие экземпляры. Так, солид Василия I представляет особый интерес, поскольку византийские золотые монеты 9 в. крайне редко встречаются на Северном Кавказе и в Восточной Европе. Херсонская монета Никифора II – единственный известный нам экземпляр, найденный на Тамани. Так же очень редкую находку представляет анонимный фоллис класса M (по классификации Ф. Грирсона) или чеканки Трапезунда (согласно атрибуции М. Хенди). Византийские золотые и медные монеты 11 в., как и тмутараканские имитации византийских милиарисиев, характеризуют денежное обращение на путях византийской имперской черноморской торговли через земли Тмутараканского княжества, защищавшего эту торговлю от кочевников в конце данного столетия. Публикуемые находки являются свидетельством бытования средневекового поселения в Кепах в 9–11 вв. Они расширяют представление о денежном обращении на Таманском полуострове в раннем средневе ковье и в целом пополняют базу данных по византийской и древнерусской нумизматике Юга России. The publication is devoted to early mediaeval coins found at the village of Sennoi (Temryuk District of Krasnodar Region) in the summer of 2020. The collection, now kept at the ‘Phanagoria’ State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve, consists of ten coins. Seven of them – two gold and five copper specimens – represent Byzantine currency. The gold coins include a solidus of Basil I the Macedonian (867–886) and a histamenon of Nicephorus III Botaniates (1078–1081). The copper ones are coins of Basil I and Nicephorus II Phokas (963– 969) minted in Chersonesus and three anonymous 11th-century follisi. The other three coins are Tmutarakan imitations of miliarisia of Basil II and Constantine VIII (one billon and two copper specimens). All the finds come from the mediaeval strata of Kepoi, only the Tmutarakan imitations were discovered in the eastern part of the city-site while the Byzantine coins – in its western part currently washed away by the sea. Among the finds there are some rare coins. Thus, the solidus of Basil I is of special interest since only a few 9th-century Byzantine gold coins have been found in Eastern Europe and the North Caucasus. The Chersonesus issue of Nicephorus III is the only coin of this type from the Taman Peninsula. Quite rare is also the anonymous follis of the M type (after F. Grirson) or of the Trapesund mint (after M. Handy). Byzantine gold and copper coins of the 11th century, as well as Tmutarakan imitations of Byzantine miliarisia are characteristic of the money circulation along the Byzantine trade routes through the Tmutarakan realm, which protected them from nomadic tribes in the second half of the 11th century. The coin finds prove the existence of the flourishing settlement at Kepoi in the 9th–11th centuries. They also expand our knowledge of the early mediaeval money circulation on the Taman Peninsula and add to the database of the Byzantine and Old Russian coin finds in South Russia.
Reports on the topic "European Coins"
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Petit, Vincent. Road to a rapid transition to sustainable energy security in Europe. Schneider Electric Sustainability Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58284/se.sri.bcap9655.
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Decarbonization and energy security in Europe are two faces of the same coin. They are both related to the large dependency of the European Union economy on fossil fuels, which today represent around 70% of the total supply of energy. The bulk of these energy resources are imported, with Russia being the largest supplier, accounting for 40% of natural gas and 27% of oil imports. However, fossil fuels are also the primary root cause of greenhouse gas emissions, and the European Union is committed to reduce those by 55% by 2030 (versus 1990). This report is based on the landmark research from the Joint Research Center of the European Commission, the “Integrated Database of the European Energy Sector”, which for the first time mapped actual energy uses for each country within the European Union, across 17 sectors of activity, with data granularity at the level of each process step (or end-use) of each of these sectors. Our approach here has been to systematically review these process steps (or end-uses) and qualify the extent to which they could be electrified, effectively removing the demand for fossil fuels as a result. We have focused only on those process steps where technology was already widely available and for which we evaluated the switch to be relatively easy (or attractive). In other words, we estimated the impact of rapid electrification of “easy to abate” activities. The conclusion of this evaluation is that the share of electricity demand in the final energy mix could jump from around 20% today to 50%, which would drive a reduction in emissions at end-use of around 1,300 MtCO2 /y, as well as a drop in natural gas and oil supply of around 50%. As a result of such transformation, electricity demand would nearly double, with the bulk of that growth materializing in the building sector. Short-term, the challenge of addressing climate targets while providing for energy security is thus intimately connected to buildings. While such transition would certainly require major infrastructure upgrades, which may prove a roadblock to rapid deployment, we find that the combination of energy efficiency measures (notably digital) and distributed generation penetration (rooftop solar) could significantly tame the issue, and hence help accelerate the move away from fossil fuels, with energy spend savings as high as 80% across some building types; a major driver of change. Beyond this, further potential exists for electrification. Other measures on the demand-side will include deeper renovations of the industrial stock (notably in the automotive, machinery, paper, and petrochemical industries for which our current assessment may be underestimated) and further electrification of mobility (trucks). The transition of the power system away from coal (and ultimately natural gas) will then also play a key role, followed ultimately by feedstocks substitution in industry. Some of these transitions are already on the way and will likely bring further improvements. The key message, however, is that a significant opportunity revolves around buildings to both quickly decarbonize and reduce energy dependencies in Europe. Rapid transformation of the energy system may be more feasible than we think. We notably estimate that, by 2030, an ambitious and focused effort could help displace 15% to 25% of natural gas and oil supply and reduce emissions by around 500 MtCO2 /y (note that these savings would come on top of additional measures regarding energy efficiency and flexibility, which are not the object of this study). For this to happen, approximately 100 million buildings will need renovating, and a similar number of electric vehicles would need to hit the road.
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Boulware and Porter. L52329 Improve Weld Quality by use of Commercially Available Real-Time Welding Monitors. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010003.
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There are a number of COTS RTQM systems available today both stand-alone and integrated into welding power supplies, each with its specific advantages and disadvantages. For proper selection, the end user needs to identify and prioritize their needs. To assist in the selection process a guide was generated outlining each systems features and functionality, including important features relative to pipeline applications (e.g. battery operated, field operable, etc.) This guide can be used in conjunction with the users priorities as a starting point for system selection. The objective of this project was to create a concise listing of commercial off the shelf (COTS), real-time quality monitoring (RTQM) systems and their pros and cons with respect to pipeline welding. A limited trade study was conducted to identify the available COTS RTQMs manufactured in the United States and Europe.
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Varriale, Amedeo. Populism and the Extreme Right in Comparative Perspective: The French Rassemblement National and the Italian Forza Nuova. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0036.
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Populism, especially "radical right-wing populism," and the Extreme Right are often explicitly or implicitly conflated or at least observed together (see Ignazi, 2000; Mudde, 2000; Rydgren, 2005; Carter, 2005; Griffin, 2018; Stavrakakis et al., 2019). While this contribution acknowledges that these two sets of ideas may occasionally overlap, they should still be understood as distinct concepts. Therefore, any deliberate and forceful conflation of their academic definitions, political histories, or traditions is usually misleading and inappropriate. Although many political scientists have recently attempted to clearly distinguish between the two phenomena by proposing separate definitions, some still suggest that populism and the extreme right are essentially two sides of the same coin (see Passarelli and Tuorto, 2018). To shed more light on this issue (or "war of words," as Cas Mudde once called it) and to provide a better understanding of these two important ideologies—one that has greatly impacted the last century and another that will likely continue to influence the current one—this article will compare and contrast right-wing populism and the extreme right from an entirely ideational perspective. This will be done by borrowing from a theoretical framework originally adopted by senior scholar Marco Tarchi (2015) and taking his approach one step further by empirically testing his theories through discourse and manifesto analysis of two contemporary European parties—one supposedly belonging to the populist (or "neopopulist") party family and the other to the extreme right (or "neofascist") family. Specifically, the positions of the French Rassemblement National ("National Rally" – RN) and the Italian Forza Nuova ("New Force" – FN) will be examined to determine whether there are more similarities or differences between the two ideologies. The analysis will focus on the RN’s and FN’s discourse and policies related to the role of the people, the nation, the state, society, the individual, the leader, the elite, democracy, and the market.