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Journal articles on the topic 'European Coins'
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1
Mysko, Volodymyr. "Circular coins of European countries: history, description, systematization, methods of application in geography lessons." 33, no. 33 (August 1, 2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2075-1893-2021-33-04.
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The article highlights the importance of the implementation of competency-based learning in modern school, which requires, above all, activation of mental activity of students and development of their creative abilities. The purpose of this article is to review and systematize circulation of coins of European countries, to study images of physical and socio-geographical objects, processes and phenomena on coins. It is important to highlight historical aspects of formation and functioning of the monetary system on the European continent, present their vision of optimal use of metal banknotes in geography lessons in general secondary education. Main material. The use of such visual aids as coins plays an important role in the development of visual thinking of schoolchildren, visual acuity, observation, visual memory. The author believes that one of the most important visual aids used successfully in general secondary education in geography lessons is metal banknotes - coins. Teachers can use them at almost every stage of learning. The article analyses peculiarities of the design development of circulating coins in European countries, their local lore and country orientation. We know that the coins depict political and historical fi gures, prominent representatives of culture or typical representatives of the organic world, the population of the country, nationalities. The article presents the analysis results of collections of circulation coins in European countries on the images of plants and plant ornaments, animals, astronomical, hydrological, social, historical, political, economic objects. Among 344 circulation coins of European countries, the image of socio-geographical objects accounts for 267 coins (77.6%), the image of physical-geographical objects – 77 units, which is 22.4% of all coins. The most common images on European coins are historical, political and social objects, plants and plant ornaments. Conclusions. The article off ers a number of methods and receptions of eff ective application of circulation coins of the European countries at the lessons of geography at the establishments of general secondary education, based on methodical and didactic researches. There is a table with a detailed description of images of all modern euro coins for the implementation of practical tasks during the study course «Geography: Regions and Countries».
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Brianna Barbu. "Western European coins’ Byzantine origins." C&EN Global Enterprise 102, no. 12 (2024): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10212-scicon4.
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Dimov, Kaloyan. "Regarding an Akçe from a Coin Hoard near Tutrakantsi Village, Provadia Region." Journal of Historical and Archaeological Research, no. 2-3 (December 20, 2024): 105–9. https://doi.org/10.46687/ktgr2145.
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In 1986, a coin hoard was discovered in the Katrandzhiyata Locality, 2.5–3 km west of the Provadian village of Tutrakantsi. The coins were subsequently scattered among the population of the village. The European coins in the preserved part of the hoard, which was published by Lachezar Lazarov, number six in total, and those of Ottoman origin comprise 309 coins. The latest European coin is a French issue of Louis XIV from 1660, and the latest Ottoman examples are of Sultan Mehmed IV (1648–1687). Among the published Ottoman coins is a curious akçe, which is included in a group containing a total of 22 coins of Sultan Mehmed IV with illegible or missing mints. In the present article the author identifies the coin as an akçe stroked at the mint of Dimashk – modern-day Damascus, Syria. Thus, the information about the hoard is corrected and supplemented.
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Elokhin, Kirill. "Pseudoheraldry on Mamluk Coins." ISTORIYA 15, no. 7 (141) (2024): 0. https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840032139-1.
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The article discusses signs depicted on the coins of the Mamluks, which had been minted for several centuries of their rule in Egypt and Syria. Some of these signs seem to be borrowed from European heraldry. Such signs could be inherited by sultan’s successors, even despite the change of dynasties. Based on this knowledge, some Western and Russian specialists believe that heraldry did exist in the culture of the Mamluks. The article provides arguments that refute this point of view. The author argues that the Mamluks had their own emblematic system, only partially similar to European heraldry, but based on completely different principles in a completely different society. Formation of this emblematic system was affected by the peculiar structure of the Mamluk state, the elitism of those who had the right to have their own emblem. As for the coins, when they were used, the signs depicted on them could serve as certain markers for use in commercial transactions. The ideology and propaganda were secondary to the economic ones.
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Mitev, Nevyan, and Dragomir Georgiev. "French and Spanish Coins (17th – 18th Centuries AD) from the Collection of the Museum of History in Provadia." Bulgarian Numismatic Journal (BulgNJ) 2, no. 1 (2024): 29–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11076623.
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During the Ottoman period Provadia became a major trade and economic centre, where the largest colony of Dubrovnik in North-east Bulgaria was located. From here the Dubrovnik merchants carried out their trade (regional and international). For a period Provadia was one of the European mints of the Ottoman Empire, which clearly speaks for the significant role of the city. This fact is also supported by the source material from that period, where one of the most frequently mentioned kazas is those of Provadia. Various coins were circulating on the market in this significant Ottoman city. In addition to domestic – Ottoman emissions, there were foreign – European ones. The purpose of this study is to present the main types of European coins that were in circulation in the kaza of Provadia in the 16–18 centuries including eight French issues mostly of Louis XIV (1643–1715), nine Spanish coins of Philip V (1700–1746).
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Grumeza, Lavinia. "Corpus of the Roman Finds in the European Barbaricum. Romania 1." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 26, no. 2 (2020): 332–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341377.
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Abstract The goal of this paper is to present the Roman products found in Arad County (West Romania), to analyse the Roman-Dacians connections, and the avenues by which the Roman goods made their way into the Dacian world, west of the Carpathians. Excluding the coins, Italian goods are sporadically found in Dacian sites dating from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD: some fragmentary bronze and glass vessels, terra sigillata, and various ceramic plates. Most of the imports occur in settlements and hoards, but except for the coins, other types of Roman items were not treasured. The preponderance of the Republican denarii (and imitations) over the imperial ones can be easily distinguished – no matter where they were struck. The conspicuously high quantity of coins could indicate special donations received by the Dacians from the Romans, particularly during the reign of Burebista and Decebalus.
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Gherardi, Francesca, and Jan Pelsdonk. "Investigating the Sources of Silver in 17th- and 18th-Century Silver Coins from the Rooswijk Shipwreck by Compositional Studies." Materials 18, no. 5 (2025): 925. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18050925.
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The colonisation of the Americas and the discovery of its rich ores had a great impact on the world economies, making them quickly become the main suppliers of precious metals in Europe. The compositional studies of several coins (ducatons, eight reales cob8, four reales cob4, eight reales pillar dollar, four reales half pillar dollars, rijderschellings and silver rijders) recovered from the 18th-century Dutch East India Company Rooswijk wreck by micro X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) spectroscopy revealed further knowledge about the silver trade and the silver sources used to produce coins in mints in the Low Countries over a wide timeframe (1618–1739). The results provided trace elemental ‘fingerprints’ of coins minted with silver from known mines, and matching against them revealed the silver sources used in coins, whose mint location could not be identified due to their poor state of preservation. This study proved that, despite the decrease in silver production in European mines in the 17th century and the huge influx of American silver into Europe, in the 18th century, the mints in the Dutch Republic and, to a lesser extent, in the Spanish Netherlands still highly relied on the recycling of older coins and on the import of silver from central European mines.
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Mammadova, Aygun. "Numismatics of Sallarids." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 29, no. 4 (2024): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.4.4.
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Introduction. The goal of the research is to reveal data on coinage and trade routes during the period of the Sallarids (the Musafirids, the Kangarids). Based on unique numismatic facts – both individual coins and coin hoards found in Azerbaijan and European countries – the author made an attempt to clarify and localize mints, the names of territorial regions (“Azerbaijan” and “Arminiyya”), as well as trade routes. Methods and materials. Referring to the comparative method, the author explained basic conclusions about the monetary economy of the period. Coins of the Sallarids period were used as actual material. Analysis and results. The coins minted during the mentioned period are not only the facts confirming local coinage (the statehood), but also unique examples of trade routes, beliefs, and hereditary authority, including the calligraphy of Azerbaijan in the Middle Ages. Such findings having come down to our time are manifesting rich silver mines and the handiwork of local artisans, as well. Rulers of the Sallarids dynasty, on behalf of whom (sometimes together with their heir or vizier) the coins had been minted in several towns of historical Azerbaijan, benefited from the right of “coin” (coining by the name of the supreme ruler). Founding such coins together with the coins of the other medieval Islamic rulers both in Azerbaijan (Nakhchivan) and in European countries (Switzerland, Estonia, and different areas of Russia) proves extensive trade relations of Azerbaijan with other countries. Various museums and collections currently preserve these coins, which researchers study and showcase in fascinating exhibitions and expositions. The author of the article promotes these facts when teaching the subjects “Numismatic of Azerbaijan” and “Caucasus numismatic” at the Western Caspian University (Baku, Azerbaijan).
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Kerremans, Bart, and Edith Drieskens. "Van euro naar uitbreiding : de Europese Unie in 2002." Res Publica 45, no. 2-3 (2003): 349–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v45i2-3.18482.
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The European Union stepped into the year 2002 with mixedfeelings. On the one hand, the anthraxcrisis and the war in Afghanistan remembered of the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. On the other hand, the introduction of the euro notes and coins created a EU-wide feeling of euphoria. In the following twelve months, EU activity was mainly dominated by the impeding eastern enlargement. Moreover, in 2002, the institutional foundations were laid ofwhat will turn out to be one of the mostfundamental transformations ofthe European construction in EU history. As most of these activities will be settled in the years to come, asfor 2002, especially the starting point - the introduction of the euro coins and notes -and the end point- the decision ofthe Copenhagen European Council to welcome Cyprus, Estonza, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic in 2004 into the European family - will remain printed in the European memory.
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Dymowski, Arkadiusz. "A Graphical Method for Analysing Chronological Patterns of Coin Sets / Graficzna metoda analizy profili chronologicznych zestawów monet." Notae Numismaticae - Zapiski Numizmatyczne, no. 17 (June 30, 2023): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52800/ajst.1.17.a11.
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This paper presents a graphical method for analysing chronological patterns which can be successfully applied to coin sets (e.g. hoards) containing specimens dated within multiple, overlapping timespans of up to several dozen years. The timespans are considered rounded up to full years, i.e. the shortest timespan would be 1 year, while the longer ones could cover several, a dozen or more years. This works well, for example, with Roman coins from the Imperial period, or with some categories of medieval or modern European coinage. The method is based on a simple mathematical model and the values calculated for each year are presented in a graphical form (as values of a discrete function spread on a timeline) to show the chronological distribution of coins in percentage terms. Such distributions make sets of coins easy to compare. The method is much less effective when applied to precisely dated coins (e.g. with an accuracy of one year), like Roman coins from the Republican period, or certain categories of early medieval Islamic coins.
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Novák, Vlastimil. "Coins of the Ottoman Sultans Found in the Territory of the Czech Republic from 1996 to 2018." Annals of the Náprstek Museum 41, no. 1 (2020): 15–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/anpm.2020.003.
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Ottoman coins have been registered in the Czech Lands since the beginning of the 18th century and have been systematically documented since the mid-19th century. The latest actualization comes from 1996, but the following massive use of metal detectors showed a serious need for a new summarization. Up until 2018, some 151 hoards/ single finds with the Ottoman coins, forgeries, and jetons have been registered in the territory of the Czech Republic. These coins came to the mentioned territory via the Ottoman European expansion since the 16th century, and their flow reached its peak in the 17th century. The massive appearance of the Ottoman coins in Bohemia, partly in Moravia and Silesia, in the 17th century represents a phenomenon connected with the Thirty Years War. In south and central Moravia, it is explained by the direct military impact of the Ottoman armies. The later import of these coins is associated with the Napoleonic Wars and with the Austro-Hungarian period through its Balkan connection.
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Grigorkin, Vasily А. "European Financial Crisis of 1763." Economic History 19, no. 1 (2023): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.060.019.202301.058-065.
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Introduction. The financial factor had its full effect during the next major pan-European conflict – the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763). The Seven Years’ War can be considered as the “zero” World War of the 18th century. Its fighting took place in all parts of the world and oceans known then. All the major Christian powers of that time were drawn into it. In terms of the level of militarization, this war surpassed all previous coalition wars. The financial crisis caused by the Seven Years’ War was also very different from the previous ones and had a pan-European effect. The purpose of the article is to study the causes of the financial crisis of 1763. Materials and Methods. Comparative-historical, chronological and genealogical research methods were used, the principles of objectivity and historicism were observed. Results. The crisis was led by the confidence of some banks and financial firms in a win-win business related to the supply of military operations. Discussion and Conclusion. After Frederick II began defacing coins, according to the Copernicus – Gresham law, degraded money is forced out of circulation by full-weight ones, so the German princes, who were neighbors of Prussia, were forced to voluntarily lower the silver content in their coins. There was nothing left but to start the debasing process. This leads to the financial crisis of 1763.
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Krastev, Krasimir, and Nevyan Mitev. "A Coin-Hoard of Gold Coins from the 16th–17th Centuries from Snop Village, Dobrich Region." Journal of Historical and Archaeological Research, no. 1 (April 30, 2025): 109–33. https://doi.org/10.46687/jgbz4901.
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The purpose of this article is to publish the coins stored in the Dobrich Regional Museum of History, which are part of the treasure from the village of Snop, municipality General Toshevo, Dobrich Region. It should be noted that the first data on the village of Snop dates to 1573, when the settlement was recorded under the name Esedlu (Silistra Kaaza) in a register of the Jelepkeshans. In this document two post-Muslim Bulgarian shepherds are mentioned. A century later, in 1676, the same settlement was noted in a register of avarizi as Esetli – a hamlet with three houses. It seems that in the second half of the 16th–17th centuries there was habitation in this area, although not so intensive. The coin hoard published here is of a mixed type (with Ottoman and European coins). According to the information in the inventory book, the coins were found while plowing in the yard of Dimitra Koleva Stoyanova, and they had been placed in a small clay coin container. The European specimens published here number 13 in total. They are distributed by countries, as follows: Kingdom of Hungary – 3 pcs.; Republic of Venice – 4; Duchy of Prussia – 1; Belgian Confederation – 5. The Ottoman coins number 14 pcs. in total from the following rulers: eight specimens of Süleyman the Magnificent (1520–1566) – 4 from the mint in Misir, 2 from Constantiniye, 1 from Algeria and 1 from Sidrekapsi; two coins of Selim II (1566–1574) from the workshops of Misir and Damascus; four coins of Murad III (1574–1595) – 2 from Misir, 1 from Aleppo and 1 from Damascus. Among the coins there are very rare ones, such as the three issues minted in West Frisia (Belgian Confederation), as well as the specimen of Selim II from Damascus. The reason for the hiding of the hoard cannot yet be stated with certainty. It is assumed that the treasure was buried at the end of the 16th century and can be connected with the military actions of the Wallachian voivode Mihai Viteazul and the defeat of the Ottomans in the battle near Nikopol in 1598. However, several arguments can be put forward against this date. The first one is chronological and it concerns the reign of the Polish-Lithuanian ruler Sigismund III, which lasted until 1632. The second is geographical, because the village of Snop is very far from Nikopol. Last but not least, in the portion of the treasure that is publish here, there are no Polish coins of Sigismund III, but a Hungarian one of Sigismund I. Another reason against a date at the end of the 16th century is the condition of the coins. The latest of them have traces of wear, although weak, unlike the earlier ones. Most likely, an answer to this question will be sought after the publication of the other portion of the treasure now stored in the National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Science in Sofia.
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Kuleshov, Sergei. "EUROPEAN MIDDLEAGE DENARIUS WITH SLAVONIC (?) RUNES." Ukrainian Numismatic Annual, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 33–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1291724.
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The article deals with the silver Western European Denarius (Penny) with unusual signs on the reverse. We assume these signs are runes of the Baltic Slavs. It is assumed that the coin is embroidered in the XI or XII centuries. The report deals with the silver Western European Denarius with unusual signs on the reverse. It is assumed that the coin is embroidered in the XI or XII centuries. Stones with some similar runes on our coin were found in Germanic land Mecklenburg, which from the early Middle Ages inhabited the Slavic tribe of obodrites. As for the obedrites, the German scientist A. Paul, as noted in his monograph devoted to this tribe,found during archaeological excavations in the Obodrin Fort, Dobin, the coins of the XI-XIII centuries were local imitations of Saxon, Danish, Byzantine and Arabic coins. The same author’s notes the prevalence of the Denarius of the Apostolic Prince Henry Lyubitsky (1093-1127), which were quite original imitations of the Ottoman III and Adelheidadenarians. They depict a temple with an adorned roof and a fence, and on the other side it is a cross with unusually wide rays inside the ornamented geometric patterns. We can assume that our Denarii, based on the inscription on the reverse, were also mintedby obadrits.
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Nixon, Sam, Thilo Rehren, and Maria Filomena Guerra. "New light on the early Islamic West African gold trade: coin moulds from Tadmekka, Mali." Antiquity 85, no. 330 (2011): 1353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00062104.
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Tadmekka, a town at the southern edge of the Sahara desert, has produced good evidence for making gold coins in the ninth–tenth century AD, the first concrete proof of coinage in pre-colonial West Africa. These were produced by melting gold dust or nuggets in ceramic moulds, similar to those used for the first pellet-like coinage of the European Iron Age. The authors suggest these coins were not political statements, but were probably blank and intended to facilitate the busy early Islamic caravan trade to destinations north, south or east. On arrival at the Mediterranean coast, these blank pieces would have been melted down or converted into inscribed coins by the local authorities.
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Pańczyk, Ewa, Bożena Sartowska, Lech Waliś, Jakub Dudek, Władysław Weker, and Maciej Widawski. "The origin and chronology of medieval silver coins based on the analysis of chemical composition." Nukleonika 60, no. 3 (2015): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nuka-2015-0108.
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Abstract Medieval Central Europe coins - the Saxon coins, also called as the Otto and Adelheid denarii, as well as the Polish ones, the Władysław Herman and Bolesław Śmiały coins - were examined to determine their provenance and dating. Their attribution and chronology often constitute a serious problem for historians and numismatists. For hundreds of years, coins were in uncontrolled conditions and in variable environment. Destructed and inhomogeneous surface were the effect of corrosion processes. Electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS)), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis (energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF)), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were applied. The results of these investigations are significant for our knowledge of the history of Central European coinage, especially of Polish coinage
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Redish, Angela, and Warren E. Weber. "COIN SIZES AND PAYMENTS IN COMMODITY MONEY SYSTEMS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 15, S1 (2010): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100510000593.
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Contemporaries and economic historians have noted several features of medieval and early modern European monetary systems that are hard to analyze using models of centralized exchange. For example, contemporaries complained of recurrent shortages of small change and argued that an abundance/dearth of money had real effects on exchange, especially for the poor. To confront these facts, we build a random-matching monetary model with two indivisible coins with different intrinsic values. The model shows that small change shortages can exist, in the sense that adding small coins to an economy with only large coins is welfare-improving. This effect is amplified by increases in trading opportunities. Further, changes in the quantity of monetary metals affect the real economy and the amount of exchange as well as the optimal denomination size. Finally, the model shows that replacing full-bodied small coins with tokens is not necessarily welfare-improving.
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Bodzek, Jarosław, Kamil Kopij, Szymon Jellonek, and Barbara Zając. "Studies on Roman coin finds from the Central European Barbaricum in the Institute of Archaeology of the Jagiellonian University – an overview." Recherches Archéologique Nouvelle Serie 10 (December 31, 2019): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/rechacrac.ns10.07.
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A direct successor of the oldest tradition of academic archaeology in Poland, the Institute of Archaeology of the Jagiellonian University ranks among the leading research centres with respect to studies on the influx of Roman coins into European Barbaricum. The interest in Roman coinage at the Jagiellonian University pre-dates archaeology and can be traced back to the 16th century and the professors of the Kraków Academy (the name of the university at that time) Maciej of Miechów (1457–1523) and Stanisław Grzebski (1524–1570). In the 19th century, Roman coins discovered in the vicinity of Kraków attracted the interest of Jerzy Samuel Bandtke (1768–1835). However, the time when this area of research enjoyed particular development falls to the last years before WWII and the post-war period. A significant role in this respect was played by researchers either representing the JU Institute of Archaeology, like Professors Rudolf Jamka (1906–1972), Kazimierz Godłowski (1934–1995), and Piotr Kaczanowski (1944–2015), or those cooperating with the Institute like Professor Stefan Skowronek (1928–2019). Their activity laid the foundations for today’s research on the finds of Roman coins and their inflow into the territories of the Roman Period Barbaricum. Currently, this area of studies is within the focus of two of the departments of the Institute of Archaeology: the Department of Iron Age Archaeology and the Department of Classical Archaeology. The intensification of research on the inflow of Roman coins owes much to the Finds of Roman coins in Poland and connected with PL project, carried out in 2014–2018 under the leadership of Professor Aleksander Burshe, with important contributions provided by a group of scholars from the JU Institute of Archaeology. Despite the conclusion of the project, studies on the inflow of Roman coins will continue.12345
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Клюєв, Андрій. "Аналіз грошового обігу Cіверщини 17 ст. за новими скарбовими джерелами". Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsyiubynskyi State Pedagogical University Series History, № 50 (26 грудня 2024): 17–21. https://doi.org/10.31652/2411-2143-2024-50-17-21.
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The purpose of the research was to attempt to analyze the monetary circulation of the Sivershchyna region in the 17th century according to the treasure sources through the prism of new treasure finds over the past 10 years. Special attention was paid to the analysis of the treasure complexes of the issuing countries, the denominations of the coins that were in the monetary circulation of the Sivershchyna region in the 17th century. The research methodology was based on the principles of scientificity, historicism, continuity of the written and treasure sources, comprehensive analysis of the treasure complexes. General scientific, general theoretical and special historical and numismatic research methods were also used, among them it is necessary to distinguish the following ones: analytical, comparative, logical, historical, complex, descriptive, synthetic, systematization. The scientific novelty consists in in the comprehensive study of the monetary circulation of the Sivershchyna region in the 17th century based on the treasure and written sources and the introduction of the new finds into the scientific circulation. Conclusion. Having analyzed and compared the coins of two recently discovered treasures, we can conclude that they make up the important material sources for studying the monetary circulation of the Sivershchyna region in the 17th century. The found complexes indicate that during the period coins of various denominations of European minting prevailed on the studied territory, from copper solidus, billon grosh, pivtorak, troyak, shostak, horta, florin to silver thaler. This indicates the intensity of the trade between the Hetmanate and the European countries. The analyzed treasures indicate the dominance of the European coins over Moscow ones in the monetary circulation of the Sivershchyna region in the second half of the 17th century.
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Gaydukov, P., and E. Ushankov. "Finds of West-European coins of the 11th — early 12th century at Novgorod (Rurik’s) Gorodishche." Archaeological News 31 (2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2021-31-53-62.
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This paper is a publication of West-European denarii of the 11th — early 12th century and their imita- tions provenient from the territory of Novgorod Gorodishche (Rurik’s Hillfort). All the known coins are discussed — both those yielded by archaeological excavations (8 items) and single finds by private persons (13 items). The new numismatic materials expand and supplement the available information on the earliest and very important trade-handicraft and military-administrative centre of the Lake Ilmen region.
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Constans, Emmanuel. "La monnaie en France : présent et avenir." Revue française d'administration publique 92, no. 1 (1999): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1999.3338.
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Currency in France : Present and Future ; The move to the Euro does not put into question the competence of the currency and coins service to make coins, since this task belongs to member States while the European Central Bank is competent to issue paper notes. The change of currency represents a challenge for the Mint in Paris which is striving successfully to improve its competitiveness in the production of currency and is actively preparing for the introduction of Euro paper notes in 2002.
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Kochkurkina, Svetlana. "Coins as a Chronological Indicator of the Ladoga Kurgan Culture." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 6 (December 2022): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp226161167.
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The area of the Kurgan culture at the turn of the 1 st —2 nd millennia included the South-Eastern Ladoga area with the basins of the Syas, Tikhvinka, Voronezhka, Pasha, Kapsha, Oyat, Svir rivers; the region of the Onega Lake with the system of rivers Olonka, Tuloksa, Vidlitsa, and the northern coast of Lake Onega. Several generations of archaeologists have investigated more than 700 mounds; English, German, Czech, Byzantine, and Oriental coins, as well as unspecified Western European products and their fragments were found in 91 of them. Coins with riveted ears were used together with beads as neck decorations, coins with holes could be sewn on clothes. Weights, scales accompanied by swords, spears, battle axes were found in male burials, which indicates the high status of the buried ones and the attributes of a merchant-warrior profession. In most cases, coins are a reliable temporary indicator of burial, but first of all, the archaeological method of dating by leading categories of items should be used.
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Orlyk, Vasyl. "Copper Coins from Taulara of Mithridates VI Eupator Times from the Northern Black Sea Region and Eastern European Steppe and Forrest-Steppe." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 6 (December 2022): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp226149159.
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In the Pontic state of Mithridates VI Eupator’s times, copper coins were minted in the cities, settlements, and fortresses. The royal fortress called Talaura, that is located on the border with Armenia Minor, was one of the centers of these emissions. The article analyses 5 types of Taulara coins which are known, the assumption about the possible period of their minting is argued. Based on the analysis of die, an assumption is made concerning the more centralized Pontic coinage in the period under study and perspective directions are identified for further studies of Pontic state’s numismatics of Mithridates VI Eupator’s period. Special attention is paid to the study of Taulara coins on the Nothern Black Sea Region and Eastern European Steppe and Forrest-Steppe areas.
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Lajsner, Włodzimierz. "Wybrane motywy archeologiczne z zakresu archeologii śródziemnomorskiej na monetach europejskich z lat 1990–2005." Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia 28 (December 27, 2023): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fpp.2023.28.06.
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The role of coins is not limited only to a means of payment, but through the various iconographic and epigraphic contents they contain, coins are also a means of cultural communication. The obverse and reverse of coins are a specific form of image, which includes motifs understood as a repeating decorative element that is also a pattern or an iconographic element expressing specific symbolism and themes. Archaeological motifs reflect archaeological monuments or their elements, and their themes commemorate not only the monument itself, but also related aspects studied by archaeologists, e.g. the broadly understood context. The aim of the considerations was to examine the numismatic form of commemorating and popularizing archaeological heritage on the example of selected motifs referring to monuments of Mediterranean archeology appearing on European coins in the years 1990–2005. First, the motifs were analyzed in terms of the form of their depiction on coins, then the archaeological theme with which the motifs were connected was determined and, on its basis, axiological considerations were carried out, the aim of which was to learn a potential answer to the question – why a given motif was placed on a coin.
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Alekseenko, N. "Counterfeit Late-sixteenth-century Tyrolean Thaler from the South-eastern Crimea." Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria, no. XXIX (December 27, 2024): 284–90. https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-189x.2024.29.284-290.
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This article discusses a counterfeit Tyrolean thaler of the Erzherzog Ferdinand of Austria (1564–1595) minted in the period contemporary to him and discovered in the south-eastern Crimea (in the environs of the modern village of Grushevka, Sudak administrative area). This is high-quality counterfeit of a large-denomination European coin, made with a unique technology of soldering silver plates onto a base metal blank. Along with other counterfeits and authentic examples of foreign coins discovered in the Crimea, this find shows that the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century money of various European issuers penetrated to the peninsula, and that, apparently, in the Early Modern Period, foreign currency took part in the coin circulation in the Taurica in this or that way along with the coins minted by the Crimean khans and Ottoman sultans.
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Kliuiev, A. M., and O. A. Chumachenko. "Ukrainian chronicles, diaries-chronicles of the 17th–18th centuries about the economy and money circulation of the Cossack Hetmanate." SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL, no. 39 (2022): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2022.i39.p.5.
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In the article the authors consider Cossack chronicles and diaries of the 17th–18th centuries. from the point of view of covering the issue of economy and money circulation of the Cossack Hetmanate. The source value of each of them is not the same, but they are united by a common idea such as the formation and strengthening of the Cossack Hetmanate of Ukraine, the establishment of economic independence and the struggle of the Ukrainian Hetmans to preserve their autonomy in the conditions of the “Ruin” and the attack on the rights of the Hetmanateby the Russian tsars in XVIII century. It has been investigated that during the reign of the Polish king Sigismund III (1587–1632), the expansion of trade relations led to the spread of gold and coarse silver coins (ducats and thalers) in Ukrainian lands from the countries of Western Europe. Permanent wars waged in the 17th century between Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Turkey exhausted the Polish and Ukrainian economies, the prices of grain and other food products rose, and the value of the thaler and ducat gradually increased. Describing the period of the Russian orders spreading in the Hetmanate under Hetman Ivan Briukhovetskyi (1663–1668), HryhoriyHrabianka clarifies the newly introduced monetary and in-kind taxes introduced in the 60s of the 17th century. There are facts about the use of gold coins in the currency of the Hetmanship and their rate against the Russian ruble and Western European money in the Cossack annals. Another stable unit on the money market was the gold ducat, which was called “red gold” in Ukraine during the period. Chronicles of the beginning of the 18th century are increasingly called Russian small (denga and kopeck) and heavy silver coins and rubles which were introduced into monetary circulation by Peter I. But as M. Kotlyar testifies, were found and investigated 67 Ukrainian finds of this period which contained not only Russian coins but also Western European coins, mainly of the 17th century. Thus, we can make sure that S. Velychko exaggerated the rate of displacement of Western European coins by Russian from the Ukrainian market after the Battle of Poltava in 1709. The monetary figure of the Left Bank of the first third of the 18th century, as evidenced by the above-mentioned diaries, is rather complex: they counted both in the Lithuanian and Polish ways. Copies, gold coins, thalers and Russian kopecks and rubles were used as units of account. This reflected the state of the money market at the time, in which foreign coins and numerals were more common than Russian ones. In the written sources of Left Bank Ukraine, the largest number of references to the сzechs (one-and-a-half pennies) refers to the first quarter of the 18th century. This coincides with evidence of numismatic material regarding the greatest spread of сzechs in the circulation of the Left Bank of the mentioned period. However, in the next two or three decades сzechs remained one of the popular coins of the Ukrainian market.
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Goncharov, E. Yu, and S. E. Malykh. "ISLAMIC COINS FROM EASTERN GIZA (EGYPT)." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 3 (13) (2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2020-3-57-62.
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The article focuses on the attribution of one gold and two copper coins discovered by the Russian Archaeological Mission of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS in the ancient Egyptian necropolis of Giza. Coins come from mixed fillings of the burial shafts of the Ancient Egyptian rock-cut tombs of the second half of the 3rd millennium B.C. According to the archaeological context, the coins belong to the stages of the destruction of ancient burials that took place during the Middle Ages and Modern times. One of the coins is a Mamluk fals dating back to the first half of the 14th century A.D., the other two belong to the 1830s — the Ottoman period in Egypt, and are attributed as gold a buchuk hayriye and its copper imitation. Coins are rare for the ancient necropolis and are mainly limited to specimens of the 19th–20th centuries. In general, taking into account the numerous finds of other objects — fragments of ceramic, porcelain and glass utensils, metal ware, glass and copper decorations, we can talk about the dynamic nature of human activity in the ancient Egyptian cemetery in the 2nd millennium A.D. Egyptians and European travelers used the ancient rock-cut tombs as permanent habitats or temporary sites, leaving material traces of their stay.
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Ушанков, Е. М. "RINCE MSTISLAV'S SILVER: WHAT MONEY WAS USED TO BUILD THE SAINT GEORGE CATHEDRAL?" Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 265 (March 12, 2021): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.265.270-280.
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Статья посвящена денежному обращению Руси начала XII в. Хотя по данной теме существует не одна работа, их авторы уделяли недостаточно внимания периоду спада притока европейского денария на Русь и имеющемуся нумизматическому материалу. На основе количественного и качественного анализа композиций древнерусских кладов показана роль иностранной монеты в данный период. Приведенные в статье данные наглядно демонстрируют, что в денежном обращении Руси первых десятилетий XII в. все еще доминирует чеканенное серебро, европейские, в первую очередь германские, денарии, которые можно распределить на несколько подгрупп. Вероятно, именно эти монеты и представляли собой денежные средства, которыми княжеская власть располагала, реализовывая такие крупные строительные проекты, как сооружение Георгиевского собора Юрьева монастыря. The paper explores money circulation in Medieval Rus early in the 12 century. While there is more than one publication on this subject, their authors did not pay sufficient attention to the period when the flow of the European denarii to Medieval Russia decreased and did not give due consideration to available numismatic material. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of the composition of Medieval Russia hoards have shown the role of foreign coins in this period. The data provided in the paper clearly demonstrate that silver struck coins, European denarii, primarily of Germanic origin, still dominated in circulation in Medieval Rus during the first decades of the 12 century. These coins can be referred to several subgroups. Apparently, it is these coins that the princely authorities had at their disposal to implement major construction projects such as the construction of the St. George Cathedral in the St. George's (Yuriev) Monastery in Novgorod.
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Hradil, Filip. "Dutch trade coins in the monetary circulation of Bohemia and Moravia in the first half of the 17th century." Neerlandica Wratislaviensia 35 (December 30, 2024): 17–39. https://doi.org/10.19195/0860-0716.35.2.
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The circulation of money in the Czech lands was significantly changed by the influx of Dutch gold and silver trade coins. Like in many other European countries, silver thalers and gold ducats became a common part of the payment system. The paper deals with the structure and size of the Dutch coinage in Bohemian and Moravian coin finds deposited in the first half of the 17th century and its nominal composition. Attention is also paid to the geographical origin of individual coins in the broader context of the Dutch struggle for independence and their function in the global bullion trade.
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Zirojevic, Mina, and Sanja Jelisavac. "The European monetary Union and euro." Medjunarodni problemi 54, no. 1-2 (2002): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0201005z.
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The authors present and analyses the effects of introducing EURO on the European Union Market. On 1 January 2002, the euro banknotes and coins are introduced in 12 Member States of the European Union. But what is the background to the euro? Which countries are involved? How did the euro evolve? On the following pages, you will find the answers to these and many other questions along with all the information you will need about the biggest monetary changeover in history. So, whether you are in Europe or elsewhere in the world, why not take a journey with us to discover how the euro evolved?
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Chudziak, Wojciech, Adam Musiałowski, and Marcin Weinkauf. "A silver deposit from Niedźwiedź – another premise in the study of the origins and function of a stronghold in steklin in Dobrzyń region." Slavia Antiqua. Rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim, no. 64 (December 13, 2023): 275–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sa.2023.64.10.
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The article concerns an early medieval silver hoard, recently (and accidentally) discovered at a suburb settlement in Niedźwiedź in Dobrzyń region. The settlement is a part of a large complex with a stronghold and a developed lake shore, identified with the historical Steklin mentioned in the so-called Mogilno Falsification. The hoard, consisting of 28 coins and six pieces of jewelry, was deposited after 1080. The factual scope of the article includes primarily the results of numismatic analyses of one Arabic coin and the remaining Western European coins, including the prevailing group of so-called cross denarii. The discovery is interpreted in a broad socio-economic and political context
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Lajsner, Włodzimierz. "Wybrane motywy archeologiczne z zakresu pradziejów i wczesnego średniowiecza na monetach europejskich z lat 1992-2022." Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia 28 (December 27, 2023): 103–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fpp.2023.28.05.
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Coins are not only a means of payment, but also a means of cultural communication. Both their obverses and reverses contain epigraphic and iconographic elements that together create an image. Among the iconographic elements, there are motifs understood as a repeating decorative element, but also as an expression of a certain type of idea. Archaeological motifs reflect their form of archaeological monuments or their elements, while their subject matter commemorates not only the monument itself, but also various related aspects researched by archaeologists. The aim of the considerations was to examine the numismatic form of commemorating archaeological heritage. The presented prehistoric and early medieval motifs appearing on European coins in the years 1992–2022 were first analyzed in terms of the form of their depiction on coins, then the archaeological themes with which these motifs are connected were taken into account, and on this basis axiological considerations were possible, aimed at answering the question – why a given motif was placed on the coin.
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Şaul, Mahir. "The circulation of coins and the Roman periphery." Archaeological Dialogues 12, no. 1 (2005): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203805231628.
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The discussion of coin finds in the European periphery and the light they throw on the nature of the Roman socio-economic complex is the most interesting part of this paper for me, because it is somewhat analogous to the relations of western Europe with west Africa in the 19th and early colonial 20th centuries. But this commentary steps over into the vast field of classical archaeology that is unfamiliar to me and instead of pursuing this analogy I find it more comfortable to make a few more general remarks on the use of social anthropological ideas and questions of method.
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Spinks, Jennifer. "The Southern Indian “Devil in Calicut” in Early Modern Northern Europe: Images, Texts and Objects in Motion." Journal of Early Modern History 18, no. 1-2 (2014): 15–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342383.
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Abstract For sixteenth-century Europeans, the so-called demon and idol known as the “devil in Calicut” vividly epitomized the town of Calicut on India’s Malabar coast. Ludovico di Varthema’s textual invention of the devil in 1510 was rapidly followed by a range of visual images that circulated in print. This article explores how and why the most persistent and vigorous images of this devil emerged from Reformation and Counter-Reformation northern Europe. It further proposes that aspects of the visual and material culture of southern India—and specifically metal sculptures and coins—should be mined in order to better understand the European creation of the “devil in Calicut” and its constant reinvention and circulation. The article argues that the devil maintained its polemical usefulness to a northern European world view in which the heresy of non-Europeans mattered a great deal, but so too did religious changes in Europe that were shaping views about idolatry, materiality, and the role of religious images.
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Hall, Mark A. "Status, Magic and Belief: Exploring Identity through Dress Accessories and Other Amulets in Medieval Scotland: A Perthshire Case-study." Scottish Historical Review 100, no. 3 (2021): 469–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2021.0541.
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This paper explores belief and identity as expressed through the material culture of dress. It focuses on supernatural engagements through material culture linked to human and animal bodies and offers a view of the means by which everyday ritual, habit and devotion were embodied and facilitated through dress and other amulets, including contextually re-purposed coins. The evidence is primarily archaeological and derives from medieval Perthshire, a place with wide connections, and so the discussion is presented in the context of Scottish and European practices. The key themes are status, magic and belief, all three of which speak to identity. The practices they elucidate are explored primarily through jewellery and dress fittings, pilgrimage souvenirs, coins and other amulets.
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Grčar, Mina. "Ivan Skušek Jr. and His Collection of Chinese Coins." Asian Studies 9, no. 3 (2021): 47–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2021.9.3.47-83.
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Ivan Skušek Jr. (1877–1947), whose collection of Chinese and Japanese objects has been the subject of research and interest in recent years, can be considered the first collector of East Asian objects in the Slovene ethnic space to have built his collection systematically, examining and verifying the provenance, value, and significance of each item. His extensive collection can compare to Western European collections of East Asian objects while at the same time bearing a stamp of local uniqueness pertaining to the European periphery. Skušek’s legacy includes an important collection of Chinese money from all periods of Chinese history, which is introduced in this paper for the first time. A crucial distinction between this and other collections of Chinese coins is that evidence exists that tells us how Skušek collected the coins, and reveals a lot about his sources and advisors. It has long been known that during his stay in Beijing Skušek befriended many influential and knowledgeable people, including a Franciscan missionary, Fr. Maurus Kluge, who assisted him in assembling his numismatic collection. The paper presents the cooperation between the two in the light of a recent find––the original list and summary appraisal of the most valuable part of Skušek’s numismatic collection and Kluge’s letters to Skušek.
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Ушанков, Е. М. "MEDIEVAL WEST EUROPEAN COINS FROM THE EXCAVATIONS IN THE SOFIYSKAYA STORONA OF VELIKY NOVGOROD IN 2019 (THE EXCAVATION PIT ON LITVINOVA-LUKINA STR., BUILDING 5)." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 271 (October 3, 2023): 321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.271.321-340.
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Статья посвящена публикации комплекса средневековых монет из раскопок 2019 г. на Софийской стороне Великого Новгорода. В статье приводятся сведения о найденных и атрибутированных западноевропейских денариях, а также о подражаниях им. Находки таких монет в ходе археологических исследований Новгорода давно стали нормой. Среди публикуемых монет большинство относятся к широко известным типам германских денариев середины – второй половины XI в. Подавляющая часть атрибутированных монет была отчеканена на монетных дворах Нижней Лотарингии. Особую роль продукции этих монетных дворов в древнерусском денежном обращении неоднократно подчеркивали предыдущие исследователи. Помимо подлинных денариев в комплексе зафиксированы подражания им. На основе типологического анализа автор предлагает возможные прототипы для некоторых подражаний. Результаты рентгенофлуоресцентного анализа, опубликован ные в статье, расширяют и дополняют наши знания как о подлинных денариях, так и о подражаниях. Публикуемый комплекс монет отражает общие закономерности денежного обращения Великого Новгорода и его округи в XI в. The paper publishes an assemblage of medieval coins retrieved during the excavations in the Sofiyskaya Storona of Veliky Novgorod in 2019. The article provides information on discovered and attributed West European denarii as well as their imitations. The finds of such coins during archaeological excavations in Novgorod are rather frequent. Most published coins are attributed to well-known types of Germanic denarii of the middle – second half of the 11th century. The majority of the attributed coins came from the mints of Northern Lotharingia. Previously, a special role played by the coinage minted in Northern Lotharingia in the money circulation in Medieval Rus was emphasized repeatedly by other scholars. Along with genuine denarii, the assemblage also contains imitations. Employing a typological analysis, the author suggests possible prototypes for some imitations. The results of X-ray fluorescence analysis published in the paper have greatly added to our knowledge of both genuine denarii and their imitations. The published assemblage of coins reflects a general pattern of circulation of money in Veliky Novgorod and its vicinities in the 11th century.
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Choref, Mikhail M. "Fake cast florins from Kezlev." Crimean Historical Review, no. 2 (2020): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/kio.2020.2.161-171.
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It is not for the first century already, that the composition of the monetary circulation of the Crimean Khanate in different periods of its history has been studied. As a result was developed an objective and largely consistent scheme of attribution and dating of its coins. But on the territory of the Khanate were not developed only local issues. Coins of the Ottomans, Moscow state, as well as of European rulers came in abundance on its lands, including and colonial coinage. Evidence of their active use has been preserved in the materials of Kadiasker books. Those books give information about the banknotes, their fluctuations and their rates against the Crimean and Ottoman currencies. However, there is hardly any reason to believe that we know everything about those means of payment. Indeed, the problem of circulation of both, imported and counterfeit coins made in the Crimean Khanate, has not still been properly studied. We believe that the issue of replicas was due to the high demand for large silver coins both on the territory of the Crimean Khanate and beyond, on the lands of the Moscow state. The problem was complicated by the fact that the Crimean khans, before Shahin Giray, could not mint money of great dignity because of the restrictions, imposed on their vassals by the Ottoman sultans. At the same time, the Crimea was an important element of the “Turkish path”, through which silver entered the Moscow state. Thus, the deficit of a large coin in it was very noticeable. In turn, the movement of large volumes of precious metal across the territory of the khanate facilitated the task of importing or producing on the spot fake coins that came to end consumers along with real money. And, indeed, we were able to identify cast imitations of the florins of Zwolle and the county of Oldenburg. They were discovered on the territory of medieval Kezlev. Judged by the primitiveness of technology and low quality of products, we believe that these replicas could not be delivered to the peninsula. Most likely, we should talk about local imitations. We give an affirmative answer to the question of the possibility of issuing replicas of a European coin on the territory of the Crimean Khanate.
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Spenciner, David B., and Theodore Dziemianowicz. "Survey of the Early (pre-1000 AD) Use of Christian Saints’ Names and Images on European Coins." KOINON: The International Journal of Classical Numismatic Studies 6 (December 14, 2023): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/k.v6i.2348.
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While the very earliest appearance of a Christian Saint has been well described as Saint Michael replacing winged Liberty on gold Tremisses of Lombardy in the late 7th and early 8th Century, other saints also appeared in multiple places across Europe very soon thereafter. The study goal was to identify and categorize this very early use of Christian saint’s names and images on European coins. In total, 19 numismatic books representing ten geographic regions were analyzed and the appearance of saints, either in the inscription or as a portrait, was noted. A total of 157 coin types mentioning 19 different saints were identified as dating to before the year 1000 AD. Mints in several regions were represented, including parts of Italy, France, England, the Low Countries, and Germany/Austria, with the very first coins minted starting in Pavia and featuring both an image and the name of Saint Michael.
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Spencer, David B. "Numismatic Typeforms of the Numerals Zero through Ten in Medieval Europe: A Classification System." KOINON: The International Journal of Classical Numismatic Studies 4 (December 31, 2021): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/k.v4i.1117.
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While the shapes of Latin letters (i.e. ‘letterforms’) and Western Arabic numerals (i.e. ‘typeforms’) have been studied on medieval European parchments and stone monuments, similar studies on typeforms from coin inscriptions are lacking. Therefore, the study goal was to analyze numeric typeforms in the available numismatic literature relating to 9th to 15th century Europe and create a classification system. The hypothesis was that the shape of the numerals would vary based on the timeframe and geographic location of the coins on which they were present. In total, 12 numismatic books representing 22 geographic regions were analyzed and the numerals’ typeforms from more than 900 coins categorized. The numeral typeform frequency for the classification system was then compared with the typeform frequency for the author’s collection. The vast majority (>95%) of numerals found in the literature specified the date of the coins, with heavy representation from 15th century Netherlands, Germany, and Austria. There was good agreement in the relative frequencies of the numerals between the literature and the author’s collection, with the numerals one and four being most prevalent in both sources.
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Belke, Ansgar, and Edoardo Beretta. "From cash to private and public digital currencies. The risk of financial instability and “modern monetary Middle ages”." Economics and Business Letters 9, no. 3 (2020): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/ebl.9.3.2020.189-196.
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The article analyzes the unstable equilibrium between further developing national monetary systems by means of (private/public) digital currencies while maintaining financial stability as secured by “tangible” store of values like notes/coins. Which are those elements of innovation improving today’s payments system? And, at the same time, which modern trends might destabilize the above-mentioned equilibrium? The paper will identify fundamental monetary principles to be respected, no matter what the innovation level in post-modern economies might soon look like. Cryptocurrencies will be also compared to central bank digital currencies (CBDC), which might soon complement or even replace notes and coins. But, is cash truly a “barbarous relic”? And, which impact might have its legal limitation (as occurring in several European countries)?
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Guérin-Pace, France, and Marion Le Texier. "The circulation of euro coins as markers of European mobility in France." Revue européenne des sciences sociales, no. 54-1 (May 15, 2016): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/ress.3484.
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Awianowicz, Bartosz B. "Jesuit Connoisseurs and Collectors of Ancient Coins before Joseph Eckhel." Journal of Jesuit Studies 12, no. 1 (2025): 13–38. https://doi.org/10.1163/22141332-12010002.
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Abstract As early as 1635, Jesuit Claude Clément (1596–1642) recognized coins as “minted historical sources” and an essential complement to the library. However, it was not until the latter half of the seventeenth century that Jesuits became prominent members of the “Republic of Medals,” the European network of coin and medal connoisseurs and collectors. This article aims to explore the varied contributions of Jesuits to numismatics up to the mid-eighteenth century. Among the first prominent figures were the French Jesuits Louis Jobert (1637–1719), a collector of ancient coins and author of the bestseller La science des médailles (The science of medals), and Jean Hardouin (1646–1729), a controversial scholar who employed ancient coins to to study historical chronology. In the eighteenth century, the most significant numismatic works were produced by Viennese Jesuits: Erasmus Frölich (1700–58), Joseph Khell von Khellburg (1714–72), and later, Joseph Eckhel (1737–98). Preceding them, the Jesuits of Graz published Synopsis rei nummariae veterum (Synopsis of the monetary system of the ancients; 1724), a unique numismatic textbook written in hexameter. Jesuits also maintained substantial institutional and private collections, particularly within their colleges.
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Travaini, Lucia. "Saints and sinners. Coins in medieval ritual context." Numismatické listy 72, no. 1-2 (2017): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nl-2017-0004.
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This article is a revised version of papers prepared for the conferences in Cambridge and Oslo. It is focused on the way how to interpret coins occurring in the medieval graves of saints as well as in the graves of ordinary people defined by L. Travaini as ‘sinners’. In the case of the term ‘ritual’, the author is interested in its general religious use, public and private, having in mind that medieval people had an uninterrupted relationship with the other world. Angels, saints and demons were integrated into any ritual, even in that which can appear as ‘civic’ today, including blessing and presence of clerics. In that way, any contexts – once seen as ‘ritual’ – must be seen as ‘economic’ in present numismatic research, and the author shows it on concrete examples from Italy and other European countries. Some finds, once seen as signs of economic activities, can be seen as rituals today.
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PASTOR-ABIA, LUIS, JOSÉ M. PÉREZ-JORDÁ, EMILIO SAN-FABIÁN, ENRIQUE LOUIS, and FERNANDO VEGA-REDONDO. "STRATEGIC BEHAVIOR AND INFORMATION TRANSMISSION IN A STYLIZED (SO-CALLED CHINOS) GUESSING GAME." Advances in Complex Systems 04, no. 02n03 (2001): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525901000152.
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A guessing game very popular in some European countries involves several players hiding in their hands a number of coins (or pebbles) between zero and three, then attempting to guess in turn the total number of coins in the hands of everyone, with the restriction that no player can repeat the guess issued by any predecessor. After a full round, the player, if any, who guesses correctly wins. Of course, rounds without a winner are also possible, in which case a new round is started afresh. The purpose of the present article is to present an analysis of this game (called Chinos in Spain, as a perturbation of "chinas", i.e. pebbles), and some of its possible variants. Our primary aim is to show its potential to shed light on some issues of strategic behavior and information transmission that seem very germane to some social and economic problems.
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Mitev, N. O. "МОНЕТЫ ЯГЕЛЛОНОВ ИЗ БОЛГАРСКИХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ". Proceedings in Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Black Sea Region, № 15 (31 жовтня 2023): 873–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53737/2055.2023.36.37.036.
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At the end of the 14th century, a new actor appeared on the European scene, the Jagiellonian dynasty, which for two centuries played an important role in the political life of Central and Eastern Europe. The Jagiellons also was connected with the Balkans. Here, the coins of the Jagiellonian rulers, from the progenitor Władysław Jagiełło to the last representative Zygmunt II (including those who were on the Hungarian throne), which were found in present-day Bulgaria, are examined. Both individual finds and those found in the hoards have been analyzed. Compared to the issues of Władysław Warneńczyk, the coins of the other rulers are less common, which seems logical, given the specificity and the difficulty of the period; but in the 16th century, and more specifically around the middle of the century, the number of specimens began to increase. The cultural record like this is a good proof of the contacts between the Bulgarian lands and the nations of Central Europeduring this period. The article provides a basis we can stand upon in future research on the matter, since the sample of Jagiellonian coin finds in this geographical area is expected to increase. В конце XIV в. на европейской сцене появилось новое действующее лицо — династия Ягеллонов, игравшая на протяжении двух столетий важную роль в политической жизни Центральной и Восточной Европы. Ягеллоны были связаны и с Балканами. В статье рассматриваются монеты правителей Ягеллонов, от прародителя Владислава Ягайло до последнего представителя Сигизмунда II (включая королей, бывших на венгерском престоле), которые встречаются на современных болгарских землях. Проанализированы как единичные находки, так и клады. По сравнению с выпусками Владислава Варненчика, монеты других правителей встречаются реже. Это логично, учитывая специфику и сложность периода, но в XVI в., а особенно в его середине, выборка нарастает. Нумизматические памятники служат верным доказательством контактов болгарских земель со странами Центральной Европы в XIV—XVI вв. Статья является основой для будущих исследований по этому вопросу, поскольку в этом географическом районе можно ожидать новых находок монет Ягеллонов.
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Weber, Matthias. "Centralized archiving and recordkeeping in a new institution: the European Monetary Institute and its Archives 1994-1998." Comma 2019, no. 2 (2021): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/comma.2019.2.4.
Full textAbstract:
In 1994, the European Monetary Institute (EMI) was established. Based first in Basel (Switzerland), and subsequently in Frankfurt am Main (Germany), the newly created institute was one of the most structurally significant outcomes of the 1992 Treaty of Maastricht and was intended to shepherd the creation of a new currency for the European Union - the Euro banknotes and coins - as well as to prepare for the establishment of the future European Central Bank (ECB). Unlike many other new institutions, recordkeeping was considered from the organization’s inception. The initial approach adopted was highly centralized and was deemed unsustainable in light of the experience of a fast-growing institution. While unsuccessful initially, the experience provided many insights and avenues of theoretical development when new recordkeeping functions were instituted upon the establishment of the ECB in 1998.
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Belskiy, Stanislav, Konstantin Gorlov, and Gleb Danilov. "Coin-item Deposit near Village Asilan (Karelia, Russian Federation)." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 5 (October 31, 2023): 353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp235353374.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the publication of the coin-item deposit discovered in 2020 in the North-Western Ladoga region (Republic of Karelia, RF). This is the first discovery of a hoard of silver items in the region over the past 100 years. The article analyzes numismatic items and artifacts of the hoard, presents the results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of the composition of artifact alloys. In total, the hoard included 16 items made of high-grade silver, preserved in the form of whole items and fragments. The numismatic part of the complex is represented by 10 silver coins in the form of Kufic dirhams, their imitations, as well as Western European denarii. The monetary collection of the hoard was probably completed no later than the beginning of the 11 th century. Then the coins continued their existence in the form of jewelry. The overall dating of the items in the hoard makes it possible to attribute its final formation to the 12 th century.
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Ivaz, Mirjana. "Competences and role of the European Central Bank in light of modern challenges." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 63, no. 102 (2024): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn1-50975.
Full textAbstract:
In the modern world, where economies are constantly facing various challenges, the role and competences of the European Central Bank (ECB) are of key importance for the stability and prosperity of the Eurozone. The ECB has broad competences in the contemporary monetary flows of the Eurozone. Its main responsibilities include: defining and implementing monetary policy, issuing banknotes and coins, banking supervision, foreign exchange operations, maintaining financial stability, economic analysis and research, communication and transparency. These competences enable the ECB to effectively manage monetary flows in the Eurozone and maintain stability and sustainable economic growth in the region. The aim of this paper is to present the regulatory competences of the European Central Bank in light of contemporary monetary flows.
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Ryzhkova, Anastasiia D., and Tatiana L. Makarova. "Images and Symbols in the Design of Modern Europe Banknotes." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 70 (2023): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2023-70-341-350.
Full textAbstract:
Money is one of the symbols of material wealth. From the images on modern banknotes and coins, one can study the history and culture of the people of a particular country, as well as learn about their values and traditions. The paper presents a study of the use of images and symbols in modern banknotes of European countries in circulation in 2021. The purpose of the research is a quantitative analysis of images and symbols in the design of European banknotes, using methods of mathematical statistics. This study examined 294 types of obverses and reverses of European banknotes. During the analysis, the absolute and relative frequency of occurrence of groups of images and symbols on the obverses of banknotes were calculated. The authors classified and grouped all symbols on banknotes according to common characteristics, collected statistics on the occurrence of groups of symbols on European banknotes, and displayed statistics on the frequency of use of colors in European banknotes. The study resulted in identifying the trends in the use of images and symbols in modern European banknotes. Many signs and symbols depicted on European banknotes have positive semantics; such semantics may be used in other types of design.