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Journal articles on the topic 'European Commission. Visitors' programme'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Fiorini, G. L., and A. Vasile. "European Commission – 7th Framework Programme." Nuclear Engineering and Design 241, no. 9 (September 2011): 3461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.01.052.

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Otto, J. W. "Entrepreneurship Training at the Joint Research Centre, European Commission." Industry and Higher Education 13, no. 6 (December 1999): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000099101294735.

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This article describes an entrepreneurship education programme designed and implemented by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre. An analysis of best practices of key European initiatives in entrepreneurship education was carried out. Based on the experience gathered, a concept was developed for a training programme targeted at the temporary staff at the Joint Research Centre in Ispra, Italy, a public research institution. It is structured into a ‘common core’ suitable for all researchers, and a ‘specialist programme’ for scientists with a business orientation. The ‘common core’ emphasizes the training of basic management (interpersonal) skills. The ‘specialist programme’ aims to provide basic business skills sufficient for starting up a company as an entrepreneur or a business unit as an intrapreneur. The format of the programme is 1–1.5 day workshops over a 6-month period, suitable for researchers in full-time employment. Key features are the interactive training by professionals drawn from a variety of backgrounds, milestones and attention to both concepts and practice. The preliminary results of the programme are presented.

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Rees, A. R. "Commission of the European Communities: Biotechnology Action Programme (BAP)." "Protein Engineering, Design and Selection" 1, no. 4 (1987): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/protein/1.4.271-a.

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O'Sullivan, D., and D. Zhou. "Overview and Present Status of European Commission Research Programme." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 86, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a032958.

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5

Marten, D. "European ATC Harmonization and Integration Programme." Journal of Navigation 46, no. 3 (September 1993): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300011759.

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Europe is moving towards a more closely integrated air traffic management system through the European ATC Harmonization and Integration Programme (EATCHIP). This paper explains the need for such an approach and how it was brought about by capacity limitations in the current European air traffic system. It describes the key strategy of progressive harmonization and integration by the various States, examines the roles of the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), EUROCONTROL and the European Commission in the management of the Air Traffic Management (ATM) development programmes. It also reviews the longer-term planning of a future system with an enhanced relationship between the air and the ground, and addresses the navigation aspects of ATM systems.

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Osnabrügge, Moritz. "The European Commission and the implementation of its legislative programme." European Union Politics 16, no. 2 (March 19, 2015): 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116515573844.

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7

Kafatos, Fotis C., and Russ Hodge. "EMBL: a gateway to European science." European Review 6, no. 3 (August 1998): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700003409.

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Created in 1974, the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) has achieved renown for outstanding research, training and methodology development. It has also provided crucial services to European molecular biology. Its headquarters are in Heidelberg and it is funded by 15 member states. The combination of the Visitors Programme, Outstations and International PhD Programme provides access to resources rarely available in national laboratories. EMBL was conceived as a magnet to hold quality scientists in Europe or to attract them back after an education elsewhere, and has been signally successful in this. Its open international style sets a standard for the way that research is done in molecular biology in Europe.

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Bronzwaer, S., A. Lönnroth, and R. Haigh. "The European Community Strategy Against Antimicrobial Resistance." Eurosurveillance 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.09.01.00441-en.

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In 2001 the European Commission presented a 'Community strategy against Antimicrobial Resistance'. In previous years, the problem was addressed through an increasing number of isolated measures, but in this strategy the Commission outlined a comprehensive European Community approach across all sectors. The strategy consists of fifteen actions in four key areas: surveillance, prevention, research and product development, and international cooperation. An important part of this strategy is the 'Council Recommendation on the prudent use of antimicrobial agents in human medicine'. The Recommendation provides a detailed set of public health actions to contain antimicrobial resistance. This paper presents the eleven points of action of the strategy that are directly related to human medicine, and discusses related European Community activities. Under the new public health programme as well as under the research programme of the European Union, antimicrobial resistance is a key priority.

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Robertson, B. "A preview of the European Commission TELEMAN programme for telerobotics research." IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine 4, no. 4 (1997): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/100.637801.

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10

Alcover, Maria. "European Union – Countervailing Measures on Certain Polyethylene Terephthalate from Pakistan (EU–PET (Pakistan)), DS486." World Trade Review 17, no. 4 (October 2018): 693–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745618000307.

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This dispute concerns countervailing measures imposed by the European Union (EU) on imports of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) from Pakistan. Pakistan has a ‘duty drawback scheme’ by which it remits import duties on input materials consumed in the production of a product that is subsequently exported. The European Commission considered that all duties remitted to a Pakistani PET producer and exporter named Novatex constituted a countervailable subsidy contingent upon export performance. Also, Pakistan has a programme through which it provides government-financed loans to certain qualifying companies. Pre-approved banks are prohibited from charging interest rates above a specified level. The European Commission considered that the loan conferred to Novatex under this programme constituted a countervailable subsidy.

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11

Ceriani, Roberto. "Scientific education and European citizenship. Suggestions and results from the European project SEDEC." Journal of Science Communication 06, no. 03 (September 20, 2007): C01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.06030301.

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Two concepts seemingly distant from each other, scientific education and European citizenship, have been the basis for "SEDEC - Science Education for the Development of European Citizenship", a European project funded by the European Commission in the framework of the Socrates/Comenius programme, aiming at producing training material addressed to European teachers. Started in autumn 2005, the project will end in 2008 with an in-service training course for European teachers and educators.

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Lazić, Goran, and Mirjana Lončar-Vujnović. "Development of Erasmus+ programme at the University of Pristina temporarily settled in Kosovska Mitrovica." Bastina, no. 51 (2020): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bastina30-27007.

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After closure of Tempus, European Union programme for reform and modernization of Higher Education at the end of 2013, European Commission promoted new integrated European Union programme Erasmus+ for a period from 2017-2021, which encompassed seven various programme for education, youth and sport of previous generation. Aside from seven implemented Tempus projects, University Pristina temporarily settled in Kosovska Mitrovica, continued with successfull participation in Erasmus+ programme. Since 2015, university gained seven Erasmus+ Key Action 2: Capacity Building in Higher Education projects, which is the most significant action and represents the inheritance of Tempus programme. University also realised inter-institutional cooperation with big number of universities from European Union with whom he gained 10 International Credit Mobility projects aiming at promotion of students, academic and administrative staff mobility of this university.

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Souvlis, Chris. "School staff training: the opportunities offered by National Agencies in European countries." Journal of Science Communication 06, no. 03 (September 20, 2007): C09. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.06030309.

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In 2007 the Life Long Learning Programme (previously Socrates) of the European Commission has started. The programme offers to teachers, educators and policy-makers of the education sector the opportunity to be funded for participating at various training courses organized in all EU countries by international networks and projects. The SEDEC course will be included in that list in 2008. The article shortly present how to ask for a grant.

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14

Sola, Pier Giacomo. "Networking in European Education and Training." Industry and Higher Education 7, no. 4 (December 1993): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229300700410.

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The Commission of the European Communities promotes, largely through its COMETT Programme (Community Education and Training in Technology), the establishment of partnerships between universities and enterprises in the field of education and training. The author discusses the achievements of such partnerships, and highlights some of the common problems they face, in the context of the activities of one such organization–Amitié, the Association for Managerial and Vocational Training in Software and Information Technologies in Europe.

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Van Halm, Johan. "The Libraries and Information Market Programmes of the Commission of the European Communities." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 4, no. 3 (December 1992): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909200400303.

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As Europe becomes a global force, it needs to compete with other trade blocs in the numerous players, of which libraries are one. This has been acknowledged by the CEC's Library Action Programme, initiated in 1985, which covered the creation of machine-readable bibliographies and retroconversion of library catalogues, interconnection of automated systems, innovative library services using new information technology, the development of commercial products etc, for libraries, and exchange of knowledge and experience. The national libraries project has made most progress. In 1991 a further Libraries Programme began, with similar objectives; from many proposals, 14 have been retained. The IMPACT 1 programme (1988) was concerned with the information services market – multimedia databases, networking for shared access to information, electronic document delivery, and development of the market for optical disc products. This programme, which has so far not met with much success, is being followed by IMPACT 2 (approved 1991), which aims on a reduced budget to create a favourable climate for the information services market: improving the understanding of the market, overcoming legal and administrative barriers, increasing the user-friendliness of services, and support for strategic information initiatives. There are a number of specific steps that could be taken to make progress towards the objectives, which would justify a large budget. Moreover, the limited funds should be used to foster pan-European information services, notably in business, finance and law. Related CEC programmes (including ESPRIT and EUREKA) are not well coordinated, and there are several weaknesses, from bureaucracy to a lack of measurement of results. Overall aims of CEC information programmes include developing a European information policy, fostering the information industry as a growth sector, and encouraging existing suppliers to extend their products into global ones. There are good market opportunities, but many challenges to be faced.

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16

Hegerl, U., and E. A. A. D. Network. "The European Alliance Against Depression (EAAD): An Evidence Based Cost-effective Approach to Improve Depressed Patients Care and Prevent Suicidality." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70397-9.

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The European Alliance Against Depression (EAAD) is a 4-level, community-based intervention programme to improve the care of depressed patients and prevent suicidality in Europe (1).In 2001, a pilot project, the ‘Nuremberg Alliance Against Depression’, was initiated. This community based intervention program comprised a 4-level action programme, implemented in the city of Nuremberg (500,000 inhabitants) (2). Careful evaluation has provided evidence that this program is effective: the number of suicidal acts was reduced by 24% during the two year intervention compared to a baseline year and a control region (2).Based on these positive results 18 international partners representing 16 different European countries established the ‘European Alliance Against Depression’ in 2004. The EAAD partners initiated respective regional intervention programmes addressing depression and suicidality. Evaluation of the activities takes place on regional and international level.The European Commission listed EAAD as a ‘best practice’ model in its Green Paper (European Commission 2005).

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17

Weinberg, J., H. Nohynek, and J. Giesecke. "Development of a European electronic network on communicable diseases: the IDA-HSSCD programme." Eurosurveillance 2, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.02.07.00165-en.

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The European Commission (EC) has stated that setting up disease surveillance and health monitoring systems that cover the EU is a priority, and has proposed the development of a Community wide network, relying on electronic, computer based communications

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18

Laulom, Sylvaine. "Better regulation and the social acquis." European Labour Law Journal 9, no. 1 (March 2018): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2031952518756907.

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The aim of this paper is to focus on a specific part of the Better Regulation procedures: the Regulatory Fitness and Performance programme (REFIT). Within the Better Regulation process, the REFIT programme is, more specifically, focussed on evaluating existing legislation. The REFIT programme began in 2010 when the European Commission announced that it would be reviewing EU legislation in selected policy fields through ‘fitness checks’ in order to keep current regulation ‘fit for purpose’. This included identifying ‘excessive regulatory burdens, overlaps, gaps, inconsistencies and/or obsolete measures which may have appeared over time. Pilot exercises began in 2010 in four areas: employment and social policy, environment, transport and industrial policy.’ In employment and social policy, the fitness check exercise was launched in the area of informing and consulting workers on the national level, with the evaluation of three Directives. The Commission then included Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in the REFIT Programme. The third area evaluated was the Written Statement Directive. The paper analyses the REFIT as applied to the social field, through an evaluation of the REFIT Programme in the three areas where fitness checks have already been carried out. Our main conclusion is that the REFIT Programme has certainly legitimised the European Commission’s lack of action and has fulfilled its social agenda. However, at the end of the evaluation programmes, the REFIT has not yet led to deregulation. On the contrary, some gaps have been identified which have led the Commission to begin a legislative review process.

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19

Hegerl, U. "Core Symposium: Suicide Across Europe: The European Alliance Against Depression (EAAD): Evidence Base for Cost-Efficiency." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70299-8.

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The European Alliance Against Depression (EAAD) is a 4-level, community-based intervention programme to improve the care of depressed patients and prevent suicidality in Europe (1). Effects of this intervention concept have been evaluated in the intervention regions concerning the number of suicidal acts as primary outcome (2) but also concerning several other aspects, such as changes in attitudes towards depression in the general population, prescription rates of antidepressants or media coverage. Results provide first evidence that this intervention concept is highly cost-efficient. The European Commission listed EAAD as a ‘best practice’ model in its Green Paper (European Commission 2005).

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20

Moses, C. A., and H. Vallius. "Mapping the Geology and Topography of the European Seas (European Marine Observation and Data Network, EMODnet)." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 54, no. 1 (September 16, 2020): qjegh2020–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2020-131.

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Marine engineering geology requires good seabed maps and access to metadata. In 2009 the European Commission established the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) programme, which is now in its fourth phase (2019–21). The programme is designed to assemble existing, but fragmented and partly inaccessible, marine data and to create contiguous and publicly available information layers which are interoperable and free of restrictions on use, and which encompass whole marine basins. This collection highlights the use of EMODnet Geology data for better understanding seafloor geology, coastal behaviour and geological events and probabilities. The papers illustrate methodological approaches to harmonizing and representing geological and geohazards information, resultant maps and datasets and their uses, alongside national datasets, for marine spatial planning.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Mapping the Geology and Topography of the European Seas (EMODnet) collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/EMODnet

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21

Boyle, P., U. Veronesi, M. Tubiana, F. E. Alexander, F. Calais da Silva, L. J. Denis, J. M. Freire, et al. "European School of Oncology Advisory report to the European Commission for the “Europe Against Cancer Programme” European Code Against Cancer." European Journal of Cancer 31, no. 9 (September 1995): 1395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(95)00334-f.

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22

Molenda, Michał, and Izabela Ratman-Kłosińska. "Quality Assurance in Environmental Technology Verification (ETV): Analysis and Impact on the EU ETV Pilot Programme Performance." Management Systems in Production Engineering 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2018-0008.

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Abstract Many innovative environmental technologies never reach the market because they are new and cannot demonstrate a successful track record of previous applications. This fact is a serious obstacle on their way to the market. Lack of credible data on the performance of a technology causes mistrust of investors in innovations, especially from public sector, who seek effective solutions however without compromising the technical and financial risks associated with their implementation. Environmental technology verification (ETV) offers a credible, robust and transparent process that results in a third party confirmation of the claims made by the providers about the performance of the novel environmental technologies. Verifications of performance are supported by high quality, independent test data. In that way ETV as a tool helps establish vendor credibility and buyer confidence. Several countries across the world have implemented ETV in the form of national or regional programmes. ETV in the European Union was implemented as a voluntary scheme if a form of a pilot programme. The European Commission launched the Environmental Technology Pilot Programme of the European Union (EU ETV) in 2011. The paper describes the European model of ETV set up and put to operation under the Pilot Programme of Environmental Technologies Verification of the European Union. The goal, objectives, technological scope, involved entities are presented. An attempt has been made to summarise the results of the EU ETV scheme performance available for the period of 2012 when the programme has become fully operational until the first half of 2016. The study was aimed at analysing the overall organisation and efficiency of the EU ETV Pilot Programme. The study was based on the analysis of the documents the operation of the EU ETV system. For this purpose, a relevant statistical analysis of the data on the performance of the EU ETV system provided by the European Commission was carried out.

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23

Langan, Mark, and Sophia Price. "Extraversion and the West African EPA Development Programme: realising the development dimension of ACP–EU trade?" Journal of Modern African Studies 53, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 263–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x15000579.

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ABSTRACTWest African elites have successfully argued for an Economic Partnership Agreement Development Programme (EPADP) as part of free trade negotiations with the European Commission. ECOWAS officials state that the EPADP is necessary to realise the ‘development dimension’ of trade. In particular, they have (re)articulated Europe's own narratives relating to Aid for Trade and private sector development – insisting that the European Commission delivers on its promises. Accordingly, European negotiators have conceded the principle of the EPADP, stating that around €6·5 billion will be delivered. This article, however, examines the likely (in)capacity of the EPADP to meaningfully marry trade and development in the context of premature liberalisation under Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). Crucially, it argues that West Africanextraversionin terms of EPADP resources may entrench predatory elites while locking-in ECOWAS states into inequitable trade structures that re-embed poverty in the region.

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Paulič, Anja. "European Archival Records and Knowledge Preservation (E-ARK) Project. Goals and Achievements: an Overview." Atlanti 25, no. 1 (October 19, 2015): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.25.1.237-244(2015).

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E-ARK project is co-founded by the European Commission under its ICT Policy Support Programme (PSP) within its Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP). The aim of the E-ARK project is to provide efficient access to the workflows related to the three main activities of an archive - acquiring, preserving and enabling re-use of information. Gathering existing national and international best practices is a key process in creating a usable methodology for electronic document archiving. Within its first year, E-ARK achieved all its planned milestones, submitting all eight contracted public deliverables to the European Commission. These deliverables already dealt with topics such as overview of the current situation of the digital archiving best practices, SIP, AIP and DIP specifications, user requirements, several inputs for technical implementations of EARK tools, and many more. At the moment, the methodology of the E-ARK project is being used in several pilots in various national contexts.

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25

Folinas, Dimitris, Vicky Manthou, and Maro Vlachopoulou. "ViPiA: A Project for European Entrepreneurship." Industry and Higher Education 20, no. 1 (February 2006): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000006776150837.

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The Virtual Pre-Incubator Accelerator (ViPiA) is a two-year project funded by the European Commission. The main goal of the programme is to create a training package for would-be entrepreneurs to assist them in developing their new venture concepts to a level at which they become attractive to potential investors. This paper describes and discusses the ViPiA project and the approach adopted in the development of its virtual learning network. The network, accessed via the ViPiA portal, offers support to entrepreneurs by providing valuable services to help them transform their ideas into successful start-ups.

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Sadecka, Anna. "Virtual team work: case study of the European commission programme Erasmus Mundus Action 2." International Journal of Innovation in Education 2, no. 2/3/4 (2014): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijiie.2014.067937.

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27

Blanco, S. "99b The “Europe Against Cancer” programme of the European commission: Achievements and future direction." European Journal of Cancer 31 (November 1995): S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(95)95354-9.

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28

Fazio, Concetta, Karl-Fredrik Nilsson, Dario Manara, Arjan Plompen, Andrea Bucalossi, Stéphane Bourg, Rik-Wouter Bosch, et al. "Infrastructure and international cooperation in research and knowledge transfer: supporting access to key infrastructures and pan-European research − lessons learned." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 6 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2019019.

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Access to research infrastructures has been supported by the European Commission under different financial schemes. During the 6th EURATOM Framework Programme the instrument introduced by the European Commission were the Integrated Infrastructure Initiatives (I-3). Moreover, funding schemes to support Education and Training for students and professional developments were defined also. The main difference between these two funding schemes is that I-3 are topic-driven projects with access to infrastructure components, while the Education and Training related projects have a mobility component that is applied for the different research topics. The outcome of projects as TALISMAN (I-3), EFNUDAT/NUDAME (I-3), GENTLE (mobility), ENEN-plus (mobility), NUGENIA-plus (mobility within TA of NUGENIA) and ESNII-plus (I-3 similar) will be shortly presented as well as the future European Commission plans in the field of access to research infrastructure.

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29

Lilley-Walker, Sarah-Jane, Marianne Hester, and William Turner. "Evaluation of European Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programmes: Toward a Model for Designing and Reporting Evaluations Related to Perpetrator Treatment Interventions." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 4 (November 24, 2016): 868–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16673853.

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This article is based on a review of 60 evaluations (published and unpublished) relating to European domestic violence perpetrator programmes, involving 7,212 programme participants across 12 countries. The purpose of the review, part of the “IMPACT: Evaluation of European Perpetrator Programmes” project funded by the European Commission (Daphne III Programme), was to provide detailed knowledge about the range of European evaluation studies with particular emphasis on the design, methods, input, output, and outcome measures used in order to identify the possibilities and challenges of a multicountry, Europe-wide evaluation methodology that could be used to assess perpetrator programmes in the future. We provide a model to standardise the reporting of evaluation studies and to ensure attention is paid to what information is being collected at different time points so as to understand what and how the behaviour and attitudes of perpetrators might change throughout the course of the programme.

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Picek, Oliver. "Spillover Effects From Next Generation EU." Intereconomics 55, no. 5 (September 2020): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10272-020-0923-z.

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Abstract In July 2020, the European Commission announced its €750 billion package to revive the postpandemic European economy, Next Generation EU. The programme comprises a number of loans and grants that will be funded by taking out European debt. Although the rules on liability sharing for Next Generation EU prevent a significant mutualisation of the debt, European leaders have taken the long-recognised significant first step towards European financial and political unification that stands in stark contrast to the misguided austerity programmes during the European sovereign debt crisis.

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Abels, Gabriele. "„The beginning of a new chapter“? Eine Einordnung der neuen EU-Gleichstellungsstrategie 2020-2025." integration 43, no. 2 (2020): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0720-5120-2020-2-144.

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Gender equality is an essential component of the ambitious agenda of the new President of the European Commission. After years of stagnation, this policy field shall see a revival; the vision is a “Union of Equality”. As part of the working programme for the first 100 days in office, the Commission published its “Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025” in March 2020. This contribution elucidates the significance of gender equality for the Commission and relates these new ambitions to the general development of the policy field. The Gender Equality Strategy and its six main goals are then introduced and the likelihood of actual implementation is discussed against the background of increasing fragmentation and polarisation in the Council and in the European Parliament. The German Council Presidency will play an important role for its realisation.

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32

Szitáné Kazai, Ágnes. "ERASMUS 2021-2027 – az Európai Unió új, oktatási, képzési, ifjúsági és sportprogramja." Kaleidoscope history 10, no. 21 (2020): 242–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2020.21.242-263.

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In May 2018, the European Commission released its proposal for the next Erasmus programme with a doubling of the budget to 30 billion euros for the period 2021-2027. The new programme will ensure the continuation of the Erasmus+ programme for education, training, youth and sport. The Erasmus programme 2021-2027 will focus on inclusiveness and reaching more young people from disadvantaged backgrounds. The next programme will maintain the same basic structure as the previous one with 3 key actions (KA): - KA1 will cater for learning mobility; - KA2 will focus on cooperation among organisations and institutions; - KA3 will support policy development and cooperation. The objectives will also be pursued through Jean Monnet actions..

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Balaban, Corina, and Susan Wright. "Introduction." Learning and Teaching 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2018.110201.

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This special issue emerged as a result of Universities in the Knowledge Economy (UNIKE), a four-year collaborative research project and training programme for early-stage researchers that investigated the dynamic relationships between universities and knowledge economies in Europe and in the Asia-Pacific Rim. The project was funded by the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Commission (EC) and included researchers based at six different universities in five European countries. Mobility was not only a widespread research interest within the UNIKE academic community but also a reality of the project, which was in itself a practical example of mobility in doctoral education, as envisaged by the European Commission. Many questions emerged as to how mobility became so central to the European Union’s policies for higher education, but also as to how the portrayal of mobility on a policy level compared to the actual lived experiences of mobile students and researchers. ‘Mobility’ can refer to many different things: geographical mobility, social mobility, cross-sectoral mobility or intellectual mobility (interdisciplinarity). The academic literature mostly treats them separately, with clusters of studies around each concept. In contrast, this special issue sets out to investigate these different types of mobility collectively, with authors covering several parts or the whole spectrum of mobilities. We believe it is valuable to discuss these four different aspects of mobility together for two reasons. First, they are often mentioned together in higher education policy as ‘desirable’ characteristics of a given education programme. Second, the ideal profile of the new, flexible knowledge worker supposedly combines all these aspects of mobility in one persona. The policy literature produced by influential stakeholders in higher education such as the European Commission and the OECD focuses on how to encourage, foster and support different kinds of mobility, working on the assumption that mobility is inherently good and will benefit countries, higher education systems and individuals. Much of the academic literature has adopted a similar approach, focusing on ways to enable mobility rather than challenge it.

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Lambrechts, Deborah. "Venture-capital companies and the Eurotech Capital Programme of the Commission of the European Communities." Technology and Health Care 2, no. 2 (July 1, 1994): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/thc-1994-2202.

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Ward, Hugh, and Geoffrey Edwards. "Chicken and technology: the politics of the European Community's budget for research and development." Review of International Studies 16, no. 2 (April 1990): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500112550.

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Member governments of the European Community have frequently urged the necessity of closer cooperation and collaboration in meeting the challenge posed by new technologies and in countering the lead achieved by the United States and Japan. After delays which seemed almost to contradict any sense of urgency, the Council of Ministers of the Community agreed to a multi-annual Framework Programme of Scientific Research in 1983. A critically important element of that Programme, the European Strategic Programme of Research and Development in Information Technology (ESPRIT), was agreed only after further extensive delays in February 1984. The renewal and extension of the Framework Programme was proposed by the European Commission in early 1986 but was finally agreed only in September 1987, the delay having been caused by the opposition of Britain, France and West Germany, the three member states largely responsible for the protracted negotiations on ESPRIT in 1984. Much attention has been paid to the history of the Framework Programme and ESPRIT, but the budgetary aspects of the decisions, aspects that were highly significant in delaying agreement, especially on the part of Britain and West Germany, have tended to be ignored.

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36

Botterweg, T., and D. W. Rodda. "Danube River Basin: Progress with the Environmental Programme." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 10 (November 1, 1999): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0495.

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An Internationally funded Programme, involving the European Commission, the Global Environment Facility managed by UN Development Programme, the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, is addressing river basin problems in a unique situation. The solution of these should lead to the prevention of pollution and better water quality, protected ecosystems, sustainable water resources and more efficient sewerage and waste water treatment facilities for the 90 million population living in the region and the reduction of pollution impact on the Black Sea into which the Danube River flows. The paper introduces current Programme activities, the challenges being met and progress. Work is described for implementing a monitoring strategy, an accident emergency warning system and implementation of the 1994 Strategic Action Plan. The applied research activity is explained. The Programme is a major activity with many elements addressing a wide range of environmental problems in the catchment of a major international waterway.

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37

Bury, Stephen. "The Pre-History of the European Library: The British Library and TEL." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 17, no. 3 (December 2005): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574900501700304.

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TEL (The European Library) had its origins in a project to set up a virtual European Library. Five years later this became a reality when the European Commission funded a programme, minus its technological development. Coupled with their insistence that TEL should develop rapidly into an operational service, this made for an inherent weakness in the project. Within the British Library, at times TEL sat uneasily vis-à-vis other priorities and activities but, in the end, it was successfully delivered and now is functioning as The European Library.

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38

Davis, Leslie. "Hermes and the tower of Babel." ReCALL 5, no. 9 (November 1993): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344000004043.

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The object of this paper is to outline the current thinking of the European Commission, or more accurately of DGXIII in Luxembourg, on the subject of that fascinating point of intersection between language and technology. An initial presentation of background issues will serve as a platform on which to analyse the direction the Commission's policy on linguistic research might take in the 4th Framework Programme (1994–98). Finally some suggestions will be made of ways in which language teachers, and researchers in the field of CALL, could try to become involved in the R+D activities of the Framework Programme (in the short/medium term) and, perhaps more importantly, influence the scientific content of future European Community research programmes.

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Monfardini, S., M. Aapro, L. Ferrucci, V. Zagonel, P. Scalliet, and I. Fentiman. "Commission of the European Communities “Europe Against Cancer” Programme. European school of oncology advisory report. Cancer treatment in the elderly." Rehabilitation Oncology 12, no. 2 (February 1994): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01893697-199412020-00042.

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Monfardini, S., M. Aapro, L. Ferrucci, V. Zagonel, P. Scalliet, and I. Fentiman. "Commission of the European Communities “Europe Against Cancer” Programme European school of oncology advisory report cancer treatment in the elderly." European Journal of Cancer 29, no. 16 (January 1993): 2325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(93)90229-9.

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Boyle, P., G. J. Macfarlane, W. J. Blot, F. Chiesa, J. L. Lefebvre, A. Mano Azul, N. de Vries, and C. Scully. "European school of oncology advisory report to the European Commission for the Europe against cancer programme: Oral carcinogenesis in Europe." European Journal of Cancer Part B: Oral Oncology 31, no. 2 (March 1995): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-1955(95)00007-5.

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42

Tytgat, L., J. I. R. Owen, and P. Campagne. "Development of a Civil Military Interface in Europe for Galileo." Journal of Navigation 53, no. 2 (May 2000): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300008845.

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Satellite navigation has demonstrated its ability to enhance the safety and efficiency of multi-modal transport systems and act as a stimulant to economic growth and commercial development. The decision of the Transport Ministers to proceed with the definition stage of Galileo currently being funded by the European Commission and the ESA GalileoSat programme will include the complex question of security and defence considerations. Initial studies were completed over the past year in a Civil Military Interface study and by the GNSS Forum for Security and Defence Considerations. This paper presents the findings of the Civil Military Interface study undertaken for the European Commission, DGVII, that identified the security and military implications of a civil operated and controlled satellite navigation service for Europe.

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Collins, Hugh. "Harmonisation of European Contract Law: Citizenship, Diversity and Effectiveness." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 7 (2005): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712802730846.

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Proposals from the European Commission to work towards greater harmonisation of contract law, and indeed private law more generally, have been described in terms that apparently distance these plans from the introduction of a code civil europa. Nevertheless, the programme for developing ‘non-sector-specific measures’ into a ‘common frame of reference’ constitutes in its fundamentals and aspirations the ambition to create a European law of contract. And the method for the construction of this code replicates the process devising the great European codes of the nineteenth century: a painstaking scholarly endeavour to find consistency and coherence in the divergent national private law systems, except that no legislative process is foreseen.

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Collins, Hugh. "Harmonisation of European Contract Law: Citizenship, Diversity and Effectiveness." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 7 (2005): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000004511.

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Proposals from the European Commission to work towards greater harmonisation of contract law, and indeed private law more generally, have been described in terms that apparently distance these plans from the introduction of a code civil europa. Nevertheless, the programme for developing ‘non-sector-specific measures’ into a ‘common frame of reference’ constitutes in its fundamentals and aspirations the ambition to create a European law of contract. And the method for the construction of this code replicates the process devising the great European codes of the nineteenth century: a painstaking scholarly endeavour to find consistency and coherence in the divergent national private law systems, except that no legislative process is foreseen.

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Woodward, Susan, and Clare Devaney. "The Liverpool City-region Health is Wealth Commission." European Review 18, no. 1 (February 2010): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798709990111.

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The Liverpool City-region Health is Wealth Commission was established to examine the growing divergence between the City-region’s public health status and its marked economic growth, specifically looking at links between health and productivity, identifying knowledge-gaps, and encouraging a more focused and collaborative alignment between the business, research and public health agendas. Over 18 months of investigation, Commissioners considered a wide range of research-based and plenary evidence from a number of key witnesses. The Commission made 12 final recommendations within six core themes: Alcohol, Smoking & Obesity; Incapacity Benefit; Wellbeing at Work; Beyond the Built Environment; Procurement; and Knowledge Capital. The Commission’s findings were published in September 2008, as part of Liverpool’s European Capital of Culture programme.

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MŠtolbová. "Support of the use of agricultural land in less-favoured areas of the CR." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 5 (February 20, 2012): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5099-agricecon.

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Horizontal Rural Development Plan is one of the programme documents for taking advantage of the EAGGF  – European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund. One of the measures are payments for farmers producing in less-favoured areas. The payments contribute to sustainable use of agricultural land, maintaining of land and support of sustainable agriculture in these areas. This contribution concerns the support for less favourable areas in the CR in 2004–2006 and analyses their impact on the use of land fund in confrontation with the proposed changes of the Regulation of the Commission on support for the development of countryside through European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development for next programme period 2007–2013. 

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Barrier, Elise, Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes, Maya Bujan, Martin C. Feiters, Annick Froideval, Jacques Ghijsen, Thomas Hase, et al. "The benefit of the European User Community from transnational access to national radiation facilities." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 3 (April 24, 2014): 638–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577514007619.

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Transnational access (TNA) to national radiation sources is presently providedviaprogrammes of the European Commission by BIOSTRUCT-X and CALIPSO with a major benefit for scientists from European countries. Entirely based on scientific merit, TNA allows all European scientists to realise synchrotron radiation experiments for addressing the Societal Challenges promoted in HORIZON2020. In addition, by TNA all European users directly take part in the development of the research infrastructure of facilities. The mutual interconnection of users and facilities is a strong prerequisite for future development of the research infrastructure of photon science. Taking into account the present programme structure of HORIZON2020, the European Synchrotron User Organization (ESUO) sees considerable dangers for the continuation of this successful collaboration in the future.

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Cullen, Janice. "University—Industry Collaboration and EC Research Funding." Industry and Higher Education 10, no. 3 (June 1996): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229601000309.

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The author looks at how universities and industry are collaborating within the European Union. National governments have only restricted resources to support pure academic research and universities have learned to attract outside funds through working with industry and other partners on joint projects of mutual interest. Academic staff also apply to the European Commission (EC) for research funds. The aim of the EC's Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development has been to strengthen the scientific and technological bases of European industry, enabling it to become more competitive at an international level — this explains in part the thematic and transnational requirements of the Programme. Such constraints may deter or exclude some potential applicants. However, for others, EC funding has provided an additional source of financial support through which, as well as achieving their research and development objectives, they have expanded their working relationship with partners in other countries.

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Lehmann, Klaus-Dieter. "European National Libraries and the CoBRA Forum of the EU Libraries Programme." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 8, no. 3 (December 1996): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909600800302.

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The Conference of European National Librarians (CENL), conscious of its responsibility both to preserve and to provide access to books and information in an increasingly electronic world, is involved in two extensive European Commission (EC) programmes to serve these ends. These are managed by a Forum of eight national libraries. The first is CoBRA (Computer and Bibliographic Record Actions), which established four task groups to study respectively improved European bibliographic services, user needs for bibliographic products, networked record distribution and re-use, and promotion of data sharing. Three new task groups are looking at new models for bibliographic services, networked national bibliographic services, and the long-term availability of electronic publications. A new programme called CoBRA+ is due to run through 1996 and 1997; as well as continuing CoBRA work it is widening its focus to include collection-based services, with emphasis on resource sharing, user needs and the use of communications networks. There are two main task groups, one concerned with the area of metadata and bibliographic access, the other with electronic publications and digital resources, including legal deposit and storage. Eight specific projects, ranging from networking name authority files to the development of a new relationship between publishers and national bibliographic agencies for the control of electronic publications, are briefly described.

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Lucas, Jürgen. "EU-funded research on functional foods." British Journal of Nutrition 88, S2 (November 2002): S131—S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002676.

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Research on food and nutrition has been an important topic in all Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development of the European Commission. From the Second Framework Programme (ECU 2 million for four projects on functional foods) to the Fifth Framework Programme (€51 million for thirty-three projects on functional foods), the investment in research projects on functional foods has been increasing by quite an extent. In the early 1990s, the topics were fibres, pro-, pre- and synbiotics. Nowadays, the range of subjects has been broadened to antioxidative effects, vitamins, phyto-oestrogens and the socio-economic area.

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