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Journal articles on the topic 'European Council for the Conservation of Fungi'
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1
Senn-Irlet, Beatrice. "The role of the ECCF in studies and conservation of fungi in Europe." Mycologia Balcanica 2 (November 11, 2005): 185–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2547027.
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The European Council for the Conservation of Fungi (ECCF) promotes and co-ordinates efforts for protection of fungi in Europe. Activities over the last 19 years are summarised. The ECCF is seen as a link between research and practice, with provision of information as its most important task. Current projects include European-level mapping of selected species and a European Red List of larger fungi. Examples from various countries are given of conservation strategies (e.g. monitoring, mapping, selection of Important Fungus Areas), public relations (protected species, flagship species, species of the year), and management guidelines for macromycetes.
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Singh, Pavan, Yadvir Singh, Satish Kumar Singh, P. Raha, Hanuman Singh Jatav, and Shurendra Singh Jatav. "Physio-chemical characterization of sewage sludge generated from sewage treatment plant at Varanasi, in relation to nutrients and heavy metals for agriculture use." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.050.
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Large amount of sewage sludge is generated during waste water treatment at sewage treatment plant (STP), as a result of the sedimentation and suspension of particles. The safe disposal and management of this concentrated sewage sludge posesa major challenge for town and city municipal corporations. However, this could also be used in agriculture as an input to partially replace recommended doses of fertiliser. Thus, the current study was conducted to investigate the physio-chemical and biological characteristics of sewage sludge (SS) and its potential application in agricultural fields as an organic manure. Sewage sludge samples were collected from sewage treatment plant (STP) at Bhagwanpur, Varanasi, India and sieved in 2 mm mesh before being analysed for various physical and chemical characteristics. The processed sewage sludge possessed both major [total nitrogen (1.76 %), total phosphorous (1.29%), total potassium (1.15%)] and micro nutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) and significant amount of organic carbon (8.67 %). However, this sewage sludge was also containing considerable amount of heavy metals like Cadmium (7.3 mg kg-1), chromium (49.2 mg kg-1), nickel (total 27.43 mg kg-1), and lead (39.53 mg kg-1), which were reported to be harmful to human beings, but these were lower than threshold limit recommended by Council of the European Communities, 1988 for agricultural use. Further, Bulk density and water holding capacity was 1.18 g cm-3 and 54.5 % respectively. With respect to microfauna, fungi were found more dominating than actinomycetes and bacteria in this sewage sludge. Therefore,considering use of this sewage sludge for agriculture may decrease the use of chemical fertilisers and make it more sustainable. However, in order to increase soil health without posing an environmental risk, sewage sludge must be carefully evaluated before being applied to soil especially for heavy metals and other hazardous pollutants.
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Chopko, Khrystyna. "PECULARITIES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE USE AND PROTECTION OF WILD ANIMALS UNDER UKRAINE’S LEGISLATION AND THE EUROPEAN UNION RULES." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law, no. 75 (November 10, 2022): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2022.75.139.
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The article considers the legal basis for the protection and use of wild animals under the legislation of the European Union and Ukraine. The environmental policy pursued by the European Union and Ukraine in the field of wildlife protection is analyzed, in particular, the Association Agreement ratified by Ukraine with the European Union and the Member States. The main aspects and features of the joint efforts for the protection of wildlife are studied, their shortcomings are identified, as well as the approaches to eliminate them are suggested. The author pays special attention to the analysis of the Directives of the Council of the European Union in the field of wildlife protection. Particularly, the Directive of the Council of the European Union «On the protection of wild birds» provides for the creation of the necessary conditions for the protection, management and control of wild bird populations, as well as regulates the use of certain species in the European Union. The Directive lists 175 species of birds which are the responsibility of the Member States of the European Union and contains an exhaustive list of permitted species of birds. The above-mentioned Directive provides a basic legal protection for wild birds from being caught and slaughtered, as well as for the protection of their habitat, in particular concerning the protection of endangered birds and their migratory species. Some Directives of the Council of the European Union are analyzed, the purpose of which is to promote the conservation of biological diversity by protecting the natural habitats of wildlife. In particular, the Directive of the Council of the European Union «On the conservation of natural habitats of wild fauna and flora» provides for the conservation of about 450 species of animals whose extraction is prohibited and establishes lists of wildlife habitats and their species, as well as methods of conservation. The obligation to implement special protection measures to ensure the protection of wildlife habitats rests with the Member States of the European Union. Some other Directives of the Council of the European Union are analyzed, the priority purposes of which are the protection of wild fauna. The national legal framework and law enforcement activities carried out on the territory of Ukraine in the context of the use and protection of wild animals need to be improved and refined in terms of measures provided by the state to protect wildlife.
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Jovanović, Ivana, Nenad Milosavljević, Ivana Kruljević, et al. "The fungi species proposed for assigning a protection status in Serbia, with an aim to enhance the conservation of fungal diversity at the national and regional level." Zastita prirode 74, no. 2 (2024): 31–78. https://doi.org/10.5937/zaspri2402031j.
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Fungi, as a separate group of organisms, have only recently gained importance in nature conservation systems both in European countries and in our country. The Rulebook on declaration and protection of strictly protected and protected wild species of plants, animals and fungi is a by-law which, among other species, protects rare and endangered species of fungi, more precisely 38 strictly protected species and 26 protected species. The relatively small number of fungi species under legal protection in Serbia does not correspond to the great diversity and importance of this group of organisms in nature. The Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, in cooperation with research institutions and organizations, is engaged in improving the database on the diversity of fungi in Serbia. Three different types of available data on the distribution of macrofungi species in Serbia were combined - literature, field data and data from mushroom exhibitions, thus creating a list of about 3,700 species. In light of these data, a proposal was made for 89 strictly protected and 100 protected species of fungi to be added to the Annexes of the Rulebook. Presented proposal relies on the Red List and the legislation pertaining to the protection of rare and endangered species of fungi in neighboring countries, the estimated conservation status of species at the global or European scale, as well as the indicator species of preserved forest ecosystems.
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Venturella, Giuseppe. "Mycological investigations and conservation of fungi in Sicily (South Italy)." Mycologia Balcanica 1 (February 9, 2004): 21–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2545735.
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An overview of the research projects recently activated in Sicily (South Italy) for the assessment of fungal diversity together with considerations on stress factors responsible of changes in the composition of mycological flora and decline of fungal communities, respectively, are here reported. The paper also deals with the problems concerning fungal conservation and the needs to co-ordinate future actions at European level.
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Notaker, Hallvard. "Staging Discord: Nordic Corporatism in the European Conservation Year 1970." Contemporary European History 29, no. 3 (2020): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777320000181.
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AbstractThis article shows how corporatism in the Nordic countries helped shape the ‘ecological turn’ as governments and conservationist associations co-organised the Council of Europe's ‘European Conservation Year 1970’. The national programmes came to present highly diverging levels of discord, as this nascent policy field channeled challenges to the premise of economic growth. Cross-national comparisons highlight the importance of variations in the institutional maturity of environmental administrations as well as in the power afforded to industrial representatives. Danish, Swedish and Norwegian archival sources illuminate negotiations between governments and private associations, contributing to an in-depth analysis of a rarely researched transnational event.
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Sánchez-Almendro, Antonio, Pablo Hidalgo, Rosario Galán, José Carrasco, and Javier López-Tirado. "Assessment and Monitoring Protocols to Guarantee the Maintenance of Biodiversity in Certified Forests: A Case Study for FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) Forests in Southwestern Spain." Forests 9, no. 11 (2018): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9110705.
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(1) Biodiversity, sustainable development and nature conservation are fundamental issues nowadays. All companies, administrations, governments and international organisations take these issues into consideration. Sustainable forest management always requires a compromise between profitability and conservation and in this fragile equilibrium, forest certification plays a key scheme. This sustainable management is of great importance in the European Union (EU), with the Forest Stewardship Council playing a fundamental role in forest certification. This certification forms the basis of the ecosystem conservation and improvement strategy in Ence, Energía y Celulosa, the leading company dedicated to the production of eucalyptus in Spain; (2) A three-phase protocol (identification of High Conservation Values, assessment of conservation areas and monitoring program), has been developed, providing clear, objective criteria, particularly concerning FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) Principle 9, the primary goal being the development and application of these objective criteria in the Ence conservation areas in the province of Huelva (Spain). One of the main criteria for habitat classification was correspondence with the habitats listed in Annex I of the Habitats Directive. The compatibility between forest exploitation management and conservation proposed by the Natura 2000 network encouraged us to use this methodology for the identification, classification and assessment of High Conservation Values considered in FSC forest certification: Principle 9; (3) The study encompasses 183 forest management units covering 52,022 ha, with a total of 11,847.45 ha being identified as High Conservation Value Areas. Through the identification and assessment of the conservation areas, the described methodology played a crucial role in demonstrating the positive impact of Ence’s certified forest management on the conservation of biological diversity; (4) This study demonstrates that an objective and reliable identification, assessment and monitoring methodology, with a proven high degree of accuracy in the location and characterisation of interesting and representative habitats in the region, can be implemented. Due to its objectivity, this strategy can be easily applied to other European sustainable forest management sites and possibly to other countries outside the EU.
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Schleper, Simone. "Victims and diplomats: European white stork conservation efforts, animal representations, and images of expertise in postwar ornithology." Science in Context 35, no. 3 (2022): 294–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889724000024.
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ArgumentThis article discusses two approaches to save the European white stork populations from extinction that emerged after 1980. Despite the shared objective to devise transnational, science-based conservation measures, the two approaches’ geographical focus was radically different. Projects by the World Wildlife Fund and the International Council for Bird Preservation focused firmly on the stork’s wintering areas on the African continent. Interventions by a second group of ornithologists at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Radolfzell concentrated on the Middle East as a migration bottleneck. Based on archival research, interviews and correspondence with involved ornithologists, the article examines stork representations as an important lens for investigating the professional politics of ecology and conservation. It shows that representations of white storks, the birds’ ecology, and derived conservation hotspots became part of the boundary work used by European ornithologists in the creation of changing scientific and institutional identities.
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Bohoslavets, O., A. Atamanchuk, V. Dzhagan та M. Shevchenko. "Перші відомості про мікобіоту Надвірнянського лісництва (Івано-Франківська область)". Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series, № 83 (25 грудня 2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2020.83.05.
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The paper provides the first information about the mycobiota of 1-8 quarters of Nadvirna forestry, located on the slopes of Horodyshche (598 m above sea level) and Potoky (584 m above sea level) mountains. As a result of the conducted researches on the territory of the forestry there were revealed 107 species of fungi and fungi-like organisms belonging to 92 genera, 49 families, 21 orders, 7 classes and 3 divisions. All the species are listed for the study area for the first time. Particular attention was paid to wood-inhabiting fungi, of which most of the species (68) were recorded on wood of European beech. Seven species (Butyriboletus appendiculatus (Schaeff.) D.Arora & J.L.Frank, Clathrus archeri (Berk.) Dring, Hericium cirrhatum (Pers.) Nikol., Hericium coralloides (Scop.) Pers., Ischnoderma resinosum (Schrad.) P. Karst., Mutinus caninus (Huds.) Fr., Strobilomyces strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk.) appeared to be rare for the study area and the territory of Ukraine as a whole. Four of them (Clathrus archeri, Hericium coralloides, Mutinus caninus, Strobilomyces strobilaceus) are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine and three species (Butyriboletus appendiculatus, Hericium cirrhatum and Ischnoderma resinosum) being recorded with the European Red List and red lists of other countries. Hericium cirrhatum and Ischnoderma resinosum are indicator species of phytocenoses that are of conservation value. Upon finding the rare and sozologically valuable species of fungi, indicating the significant conservation value of the surveyed phytocenoses, and the increase of anthropogenic pressure on the studied forest, the expediency of expanding the existing network of protected areas, strengthening the conservation regime and control over its observance is substantiated. As the surveyed area is characterized by a significant variety of not only mycological but also botanical, zoological and geological objects in need of protection, it is proposed to create a regional landscape park “Nadvirnianskyi lis” throughout the massif, which will protect a large part of the Hvizd structural-erosive low mountain massif, which combines the features of both Pre-Carpathian and Mountain Carpathian landscape complexes.
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Bünger, Dirk. "What's Up and What's Next in the Arena of Pollution Control? The New E-PRTR as a Tool towards Innovative Climate and Environmental Conservation Approaches." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 7, no. 2 (2010): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/161372710x525082.
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AbstractHaving regard to Article 192 (1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) (ex Article 175 (1) of the Treaty Establishing the European Community, TEC) the European Parliament and the Council have adopted Regulation (EC) No 166/2006 establishing the new European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR). E-PRTR provides unprecedented environmental information to the public on pollutant releases and has the ambitious purpose of preventing and reducing environmental pollution. This contribution explores the reporting requirements of polluters and delineates approaches to reconcile those requirements as well as areas of possible utilisation of such data.
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Aimar, Fabrizio, Francesca Cavagnino, and Marco Devecchi. "Conservation and Management of Agricultural Landscapes through Expert-Supported Participatory Processes: The “Declarations of Public Interest” in an Italian Province." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (2022): 8843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148843.
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The adoption of the European Landscape Convention by the member states of the Council of Europe emphasized the importance of raising awareness of, promoting and educating local communities in, and fostering the activism of all European citizens in the process of transforming the European landscape. The work carried out by the Landscape Observatory for Montferrat and Astigiano was to raise awareness in local communities regarding landscape protection processes that those communities could steer, as required by the Code of the Cultural and Landscape Heritage of the Italian State (2004). Consequently, for the first time, a participatory model was established in the province of Asti and the Piedmont region in Italy to support the community-driven requests for a special protection decree for some targeted areas. In this paper, the process and novel multisource methodology used for the two pilot cases are reported, where the landscape values to be protected were identified through local community involvement. Supported by the Landscape Observatory and experts, the broad participation allowed their recognition of Public Interest. These recognitions are relevant because they rely on a shared perspective of populations for the self-management of their landscapes. They represent an operational model for other local communities in the Council of Europe countries.
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Shirvani Dastgerdi, Ahmadreza, Massimo Sargolini, Shorna Broussard Allred, Allison Chatrchyan, and Giuseppe De Luca. "Climate Change and Sustaining Heritage Resources: A Framework for Boosting Cultural and Natural Heritage Conservation in Central Italy." Climate 8, no. 2 (2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8020026.
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Climate change has dramatically affected the rainfall patterns and water systems in Central Italy. The vulnerability of this area to climate change and natural hazards necessitates that appropriate adaptation policies be put in place to protect heritage sites. This study aims to develop a cultural and natural heritage conservation framework for Central Italy that enhances the capacity of climate change adaptation for heritage resources. For this purpose, a comparison was made between the UNESCO (United National Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Convention of 1972 and the European Landscape Convention of the Council of Europe to achieve a coherent vision for the protection of heritage resources in Europe. After describing the impacts of climate change on heritage resources in Central Italy, we analyze and suggest improvements to the conservation framework for wisely protecting heritage resources in a changing climate. The findings reveal that conservation sectors require assessments of the value of heritage resources at the territorial scale to effectively define conservation priorities, assess the vulnerabilities, and more precisely direct funding. In this respect, the integration of the European Landscape Convention with territorial planning may boost the unity of a conservation framework in terms of climate change while providing new opportunities for conservation authorities to develop adaptation policies.
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Urkijo-Letona, Ainhoa, Susana Cárcamo, Lorena Peña, Beatriz Fernández de Manuel, Miren Onaindia, and Ibone Ametzaga-Arregi. "Key Elements of the White-Backed Woodpecker’s (Dendrocopos leucotos lilfordi) Habitat in Its European South-Western Limits." Forests 11, no. 8 (2020): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11080831.
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In the last decade, the population of the white-backed woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos lilfordi) (WBW) in Navarre has been reduced mainly due to the loss of suitable habitat for this species from intensive forest management, leading almost to its extinction. This study aimed to identify the key structural elements of breeding habitats of the WBW and analyze their effect on the composition of the saproxylic fungi community within the habitats. In the Special Area of Conservation, namely Quinto Real in Navarre, 20 circular plots (500 m2) and 10 transects (150–300 m) were located inside and outside WBW territories. Within each sample plot, forest structure, deadwood, microhabitats, regeneration, and saproxylic fungi community were studied. The results showed that the key elements in the WBW territories were high trees, high diversity of deadwood (with a high presence of big and late-decay deadwood), high snag volume, and high microhabitat diversity. Although the past management is also evident in the variability of some of those characteristics, this species is well adapted to different structural and compositional conditions of the territory. The saproxylic fungi community was richer among the WBW territories, and in those areas, the presence of Fomes fomentarius was high, compared to non-WBW territories where it was not present. In conclusion, to maintain and protect the studied population, it is necessary to implement sustainable management that guarantees the conservation of the key elements for the WBW territories (structural heterogeneity and high deadwood diversity) in order to increase the suitability of the habitat for WBWs.
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Urbanavichene, Irina, and Gennadii Urbanavichus. "New records of lichens and allied fungi from the Kostroma Region, Russia." Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 56 (June 14, 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/fce.2019.56.06.
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 29 species of lichens, 3 non-lichenized calicioid fungi and 3 lichenicolous fungi are reported for the first time from the Kostroma Region. Among them, 15 species are new for the Central Federal District, including Myrionora albidula – a rare species with widely scattered locations, previously known only from the Southern Urals Mts in European Russia. The most important discoveries are confined to old-growth coniferous Picea sp. and Abies sibirica forests in the Kologriv Forest Nature Reserve. Two species (Leptogium burnetiae and Menegazzia terebrata) are included in the Red Data Book of Russian Federation. The distribution, ecology, taxonomic characters and conservation status of rare species and of those new for the Central Federal District are provided.
 
 
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Venâncio, Cátia. "The Quirky Rot Fungi: Underexploited Potential for Soil Remediation and Rehabilitation." Applied Sciences 15, no. 3 (2025): 1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031039.
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Currently, when the role of biodiversity in maintaining and restoring ecosystems is widely discussed, rot fungi are far from being integrated into common policies, conservation laws, or risk assessment frameworks. Despite the widespread recognition of the natural role of rot fungi as decomposers and their capabilities for various industrial purposes (the treatment of effluents rich in organic or inorganic substances), their peculiar characteristics are poorly understood and investigated. Highlighting the potential of rot fungi is of paramount importance because, as natural resources, rot fungi align perfectly with soil sustainability and the green growth policies and strategies outlined in this decade by the European Commission (2021) and United Nations (2021). This short piece aims to highlight and encourage efforts that channel into the exploration of this group of organisms as bioinoculants and biofertilizers for agriculture and forestry, as remediators and rehabilitators of soils affected by anthropogenic contamination (e.g., metals, agrochemicals, and plastics), and devastated by phenomena arising from climate change (e.g., forest fires) by briefly presenting the pros and cons of each of these lines of action and how rot fungi characteristics may fill in the current knowledge gap on degraded soil rehabilitation.
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Parisi, F., S. Pioli, F. Lombardi, G. Fravolini, M. Marchetti, and R. Tognetti. "Linking deadwood traits with saproxylic invertebrates and fungi in European forests - a review." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 11, no. 3 (2018): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor2670-011.
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Thomas, Vernon G., and Myrfyn Owen. "Preventing lead toxicosis of European waterfowl by regulatory and non-regulatory means." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 4 (1996): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900039229.
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SummaryMany years of waterfowl hunting have added thousands of tonnes of lead shot to European wetlands. Effective and non-toxic substitutes for lead shot have been developed and are commercially available throughout Europe, but few nations (Denmark, Finland, Norway and the Netherlands) have statutory requirements for their use. Governments can induce hunters to use non-toxic shot by regulatory measures and/or non-regulatory steps, but economic incentives to increase the affordability of lead-free shot have never been used by any nation and might be politically inappropriate. Educational programmes to increase the hunting public's understanding of the poisoning problem, and to provide accurate information on the non-toxic shot, are the best long-term way for governments to focus their spending and induce change, whether on a voluntary or regulated basis. Each of the six nations which has moved to end lead poisoning of waterfowl has adopted a regulatory approach, but these nations have acted independently of each other, and yet the use of non-toxic shot should apply to all countries of a flyway.Several European treaty and policy precedents could form the basis of a pan-European regulation requiring the use of non-toxic shot. A proposal to eliminate the use of lead shot in wetlands has been made under the Bonn and Bern Conventions. An European Union-USA proposal to reduce the use of different categories of lead under an Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development Council Act has been made, but has deleted an earlier recommendation that lead shot be included. The substitution of lead shot by nontoxic alternatives is also consistent with the European Council Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds of 1979. The passing of a European Council regulation, stipulating the minimal acceptable standards for shot used for waterfowl hunting, is seen as the most effective way to remediate this transboundary toxic problem. This type of action by the European Union, while recognizing the Principle of Subsidiarity, would still allow other member states to enact more rigorous legislation pertaining to the use of lead shot within their jurisdiction, as have Denmark and the Netherlands. Although responsibility to enact and enforce a European Council regulation is the prerogative of each member state, a single regulation would promote consistency of action amongst all states.
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Vocadlova, Katerina, Tim Lüddecke, Maria A. Patras, et al. "Extracts of Talaromyces purpureogenus Strains from Apis mellifera Bee Bread Inhibit the Growth of Paenibacillus spp. In Vitro." Microorganisms 11, no. 8 (2023): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082067.
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Honey bees coexist with fungi that colonize hive surfaces and pollen. Some of these fungi are opportunistic pathogens, but many are beneficial species that produce antimicrobial compounds for pollen conservation and the regulation of pathogen populations. In this study, we tested the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Talaromyces purpureogenus strains isolated from bee bread against Paenibacillus alvei (associated with European foulbrood disease) and three Aspergillus species that cause stonebrood disease. We found that methanol extracts of T. purpureogenus strains B18 and B195 inhibited the growth of P. alvei at a concentration of 0.39 mg/mL. Bioactivity-guided dereplication revealed that the activity of the crude extracts correlated with the presence of diketopiperazines, a siderophore, and three unknown compounds. We propose that non-pathogenic fungi such as Talaromyces spp. and their metabolites in bee bread could be an important requirement to prevent disease. Agricultural practices involving the use of fungicides can disrupt the fungal community and thus negatively affect the health of bee colonies.
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Maijala, K., A. Neimann-Sorensen, S. Adalsteinsson, N. Kolstad, B. Danell, and B. Gjelstad. "CONSERVATION OF GENE RESOURCES OF FARM ANIMALS IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES." Animal Genetic Resources Information 7 (April 1990): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s101423390000300x.
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The Nordic Council of ministers decided in 1979 to finance a working party for coordinating the Nordic Animal-Gene Banks (NAGBs). This party has five members, one from each Nordic country and a part-time secretary. The working party has been in contact with several other researchers and institutions and is represented in the corresponding European working party. These links have provided possibilities for fruitful commication. on the initiative of the working party, the agricultural ministries reported on the national situation in their respective countries (maiiala et al., 1986). overall responsibility is considered as an official task. EacF- Kirnistry of Agriculture, in cooperation with other ministries, is responsible for animal conservation. That includes providing necessary investment funds and covering the operating expenses of gene banks.
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Bazzicalupo, Miriam, Jacopo Calevo, Antonella Smeriglio, and Laura Cornara. "Traditional, Therapeutic Uses and Phytochemistry of Terrestrial European Orchids and Implications for Conservation." Plants 12, no. 2 (2023): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12020257.
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The Orchidaceae family accounts for about 28,000 species, and most of them are mentioned in the folk medicine of nations around the world. The use of terrestrial orchids in European and Mediterranean regions has been reported since ancient times, but little information is available on their medicinal properties, as well as on their phytochemicals and biological activities. However, plant collection for human use is still listed as one of the main threats for terrestrial orchids, alongside other menacing factors such as wrong habitat management and disturbance to symbionts, such as pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi. Therefore, the primary aim of this review was to resume and discuss available information regarding the past and current popular uses of European orchids. We then grouped phytochemical data to evaluate the presence of bioactive compounds of pharmacological relevance, and we discussed whether these could support the therapeutic employment of the different organs. Finally, we briefly debated the sustainability of orchid utilizations, considering the different threatening factors and conservation actions including plant propagation methods.
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Kolobov1,, Roman, Yaroslavа Ditsevich, and Elena Davydova. "International Legal Protection of Landscapes of the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory." Academic Law Journal 22, no. 4 (2021): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/1819-0928.2021.22(4).326-334.
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The article discusses the content of international legal instruments on landscape protection, such as the European Landscape Convention, 2000. It also analyzes the legal incorporation of the concept and legal regime of landscapes into the legislation of the Russian Federation. The study examines foreign legislation, especially, law of some European countries and gives examples of legal mechanisms for landscape protection that are enshrined in the legislation of such states. Also, the article describes some of the legal and institutional mechanisms that exist in European associations, in particular in the Council of Europe, and aimed at coordinating cooperation among States in the area of landscape protection in the use of natural resources. Also as a result of a retrospective analysis of domestic legislation, legal mechanisms that have contributed to integrated landscape conservation, such as Territorial Integrated Nature Conservation Schemes, have been identified and described. The article contains some proposals for improving and supplementing domestic legislation with legal norms on landscape conservation, the adoption of which, in the authors› view, could improve the legal mechanism for landscape conservation and protection in Russia, in particular within the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory. The authors conclude that there is no systematic legal mechanism in the Russian Federation for the protection of natural landscapes, in particular the landscapes of the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory. There is also a need to develop a legal framework for the protection of natural landscapes, including on the basis of positive foreign experience.
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Zheng, Ziang. "The Impact of European Union Policies on Urban Development: A Case Study of Liverpool." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 67, no. 1 (2024): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/67/20241285.
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This study delves into the history of urban development in Liverpool and the contemporary challenges it faces, examining the impact of European Union (EU) policies on its urban planning. It primarily focuses on employment opportunities and green policies, including transportation, clean energy, and biodiversity conservation. The research underscores the significant influence of the EU, mainly through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), in shaping Liverpool's development projects, enhancing spatial planning, and addressing urban issues. Recommendations for Liverpool City Council (LCC) include continued support for employment, especially among the diverse urban population, and exploring opportunities through development projects. The study emphasizes the need for LCC to align with EU policy directions, particularly in the context of the European Green Deal (EGD), to effectively address climate change sustainably. Post-Brexit, LCC should establish a committee to uphold and adapt EU policies to local needs, ultimately promoting Liverpool's resilience and sustainable urban development.
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Robin, Wilgan. "Mycorrhizal symbiosis of alien and invasive tree species." Lesne Prace Badawcze / Forest Research Papers 81, no. 1 (2020): 43–50. https://doi.org/10.2478/frp-2020-0005.
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The introduction of alien tree species has become a world wide phenomenon over the last centuries and the cultivation of these species is an economically important branch of forestry in many countries. However, the cultivation of alien plant species poses the threat of introducing potentially invasive species, both trees and its mutualistic symbionts, such as mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi are obligatory symbionts and a key element in the proper development and functioning of trees. It is thought that mycorrhizal fungi may also profoundly influence the invasiveness of alien tree species worldwide, with the proper fungal species acting as a driver to make this invasion possible. Co-invasion of alien trees and its mutualistic symbionts are well-known in the case of pines and co-invading ectomycorrhizal fungi in the southern hemisphere. Invasive tree species constitute a major ecological and economic problem through intense competition and modification of local habitats leading to a decline in biodiversity and potentially threatening many rare, native and endangered species, including fungi. Despite the fundamental role that fungi have in the functioning of forests, the impact alien tree species could have on mycorrhizal fungi in native forest ecosystems has not received much attention. Understanding the relationships between mycorrhizal fungi and alien tree species can allow us to better predict and counter- act alien species invasions, which is necessary in order to maintain biodiversity and preserve native ecosystems. On top of that, climate change could threaten some European tree species and thus free ecological niches for other species, like alien, invasive or potentially invasive trees.
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Mustafabayli, E. H., M. P. Prydiuk, and D. N. Aghayeva. "New for Azerbaijan records of agaricoid fungi collected in Shaki District." Ukrainian Botanical Journal 78, no. 3 (2021): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj78.03.214.
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The article provides information about new for Azerbaijan records of agaricoid fungi collected during the field trips in 2016–2019. In particular, 18 taxa (Agaricus porphyrizon, Amanita strobiliformis, Aureoboletus gentilis, A. moravicus, Clavulina cinerea, C. coralloides, Clitocybe martiorum, Lactarius acerrimus, L. evosmus, L. mairei, Ramaria formosa, Russula aurora, R. heterophylla f. adusta, R. melitodes, R. melliolens, R. velenovskyi, Scleroderma areolatum, Tricholoma columbetta, T. fracticum) belonging to ten genera, eight families, and five orders are reported. The data on the distribution patterns and habitats for each taxon are provided. The recorded mushrooms belong to two ecological groups: humus saprotrophs are represented by three species (Agaricus porphyrizon, Clavulina coralloides, and Clitocybe martiorum) while the remaining 14 species and one form are mycorrhizal. Data on conservation status in the European countries for Amanita strobiliformis, as well as for representatives of the genera Aureoboletus, Russula, Tricholoma, and Lactarius, are provided.
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Prunar, Silvia, Melania Stan, Adorian Ardelean, Mihaela Fericean, and Florin Prunar. "New data on the distribution of Cucujus cinnaberinus in western Romania." Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 67, no. 1 (2024): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/travaux.67.e126411.
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The species Cucujus cinnaberinus is protected under EU Council Directive 92/43/EEC, Annexes II and IV, as well as under the Bern Convention, Annex II. Probably because it lives hidden under the bark of dead trees Cucujus cinnaberinus is less known in many countries. It has been assessed as Near Threatened at the European and global levels by the IUCN Red List. At the European level, 453 Natura 2000 sites have been designated for the conservation of the species in 18 EU Member States, of which Hungary accounts for 31.56% of the designated areas. In Romania, even though wooded areas cover almost 28% of the country’s territory, in the absence of historical data, the species is protected in only 8 Natura 2000 sites, all of them located along the Carpathian arc with one exception. Following the studies carried out in the last years in the western and southwestern part of Romania we have identified new locations where the species is present both in protected areas and in areas that may become protected in the future. We have followed the habitat conditions in which the species thrives and its conservation needs. This research significantly contributes to understanding the distribution of C. cinnaberinus in Romania, with the new findings representing an initial step toward the species’ conservation in new areas.
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Prunar, Silvia, Melania Stan, Adorian Ardelean, Mihaela Fericean, and Florin Prunar. "New data on the distribution of Cucujus cinnaberinus in western Romania." Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" 67, no. (1) (2024): 95–104. https://doi.org/10.3897/travaux.67.e126411.
Full textAbstract:
The species <em>Cucujus cinnaberinus</em> is protected under EU Council Directive 92/43/EEC, Annexes II and IV, as well as under the Bern Convention, Annex II. Probably because it lives hidden under the bark of dead trees <em>Cucujus cinnaberinus</em> is less known in many countries. It has been assessed as Near Threatened at the European and global levels by the IUCN Red List. At the European level, 453 Natura 2000 sites have been designated for the conservation of the species in 18 EU Member States, of which Hungary accounts for 31.56% of the designated areas. In Romania, even though wooded areas cover almost 28% of the country’s territory, in the absence of historical data, the species is protected in only 8 Natura 2000 sites, all of them located along the Carpathian arc with one exception. Following the studies carried out in the last years in the western and southwestern part of Romania we have identified new locations where the species is present both in protected areas and in areas that may become protected in the future. We have followed the habitat conditions in which the species thrives and its conservation needs. This research significantly contributes to understanding the distribution of <em>C. cinnaberinus</em> in Romania, with the new findings representing an initial step toward the species’ conservation in new areas.
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Jennifer, K. R., and M. R. Margaret. "Ex situconservation of bryophytes: progress and potential of a pilot project." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Briología, no. 26-27(25) (November 1, 2005): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.58469/bseb.2005.43.92.002.
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A pilot project was set up to investigate the potential use of ex situ techniques for the conservation of bryophytes by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the U.K. statutory conservation agencies (English Nature, Scottish Natural Heritage and Countryside Council for Wales) in August 2000. Successful protocols have been established for the initiation of plants collected from their natural habitats into axenic culture from sporophytes, gemmae and leafy gametophores. Methods have also been established for the long-term storage of explants in liquid nitrogen (cryopreservation). The existing collection incorporates a number of British Red List species, and includes some European Red List taxa. Current work focuses on expanding the number of species in the collection, both in culture and in cryo-storage. Protocols for the weaning and introduction of bryophytes into their natural habitats after cryopreservation are under development and a priority of the project.
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Wehnelt, Stephanie, and Roger Wilkinson. "Research, conservation and zoos: the EC Zoos Directive – a response to Rees." Oryx 39, no. 2 (2005): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605305000347.
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Rees (2005) states in his critical review of the EC Zoos Directive that ‘zoos have no incentive to undertake conservation research because they can legitimately ignore this requirement providing they carry out an alternative conservation measure. Zoos therefore can comply with the EU Zoos Directive by doing nothing.’ Zoo conservation took a major step forward when the Council of EC Environment Ministers agreed in 1998 to an EC Zoos Directive to strengthen the conservation role of zoos. The Directive came into force in 1999 and requires that all Member States set up national systems for the licensing and inspection of zoos. The Zoo Licensing Act 1981 already implements many of the measures in the Directive, including the provision of proper accommodation and care for the animals, keeping up to date records, and taking appropriate measures to prevent escapes. But the requirements that zoos participate in conservation and education activities are new. Although many zoos already participate, the new legislation has made this a statutory requirement. Each European country is now responsible for enforcing the EU Directive with their national zoos. The Directive needs to be general because it applies to animal collections of very different sizes and structures. It cannot be expected that the Directive sets standards higher than is achievable for its smallest members.
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Athanasiadou. "Historic Gardens and Parks Worldwide and in Greece: Principles of Acknowledgement, Conservation, Restoration and Management." Heritage 2, no. 4 (2019): 2678–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2040165.
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The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Florence Charter 1981 on Historic Gardens sets the first guidelines for the definition of a historic garden, in which sites such as large parks, whether formal or landscape, are included. Since then, there is a continuous effort worldwide on issues of historic garden acknowledgement, conservation, restoration and management. Countries with garden and park tradition, such as the U.K., USA, France and others, have several sites registered and protected. Furthermore, historic garden and park associations exist in Italy, Spain and Portugal, among other nations. In Greece, there is no specific official policy or association regarding historic parks, gardens or landscapes. Greek law includes historic gardens and parks within the spectrum of works of art, places of outstanding natural beauty and historic places/lands for partial or absolute protection, and, thus, attempts in identifying historic landscapes fall generally in other categories, but law specified for historic gardens. However, in both the Greek ratification of the European Landscape Convention and the European Biodiversity directives, there are aspects one could interpret as very useful for the acknowledgement and policy-making on historic gardens and parks. In this paper, an overview on historic gardens and parks abroad and in Greece is attempted, along with aspects of acknowledgement, protection, conservation, restoration and management. Finally, a first attempt on methodological outlines for the acknowledgement and conservation of historic gardens and parks in Greece is presented.
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Sollund, Ragnhild. "Wildlife Management, Species Injustice and Ecocide in the Anthropocene." Critical Criminology 28, no. 3 (2019): 351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10612-019-09469-1.
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AbstractNorway has been signatory to the Council of Europe’s Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (1979) (otherwise known as the “Bern Convention”) since 1986. Nevertheless, every year, Norwegian authorities authorize the killing of brown bears, lynx, wolves and wolverines, which are listed as strictly protected fauna species by the Bern Convention. Norway has a responsibility to protect these species and has several times been brought to court by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) for failure to satisfy their duties under this international legal instrument. This article discusses Norway’s large predator policy and its compliance with the Bern Convention through an analysis of court decisions and judicial reasoning from the perspective of species justice for nonhumans.
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Goriup, Paul D. "Acidic air Pollution and birds in Europe." Oryx 23, no. 2 (1989): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300022742.
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Evidence from a survey conducted by the European Continental Section of the International Council for Bird Preservation (ICBP-ECS) suggests that birds have not served as such good early warning indicators of ecological damage from acid precipitation as they have for damage from organochlorine pesticide use. Only a few highly specialized species have been badly affected, and then long after the impact was observed in other organisms. Some birds have even benefited from the superabundance of dead and decaying standing timber.
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Avtzis, D.N., K. Stara, V. Sgardeli, et al. "Quantifying the conservation value of Sacred Natural Sites." Biological Conservation 222 (June 12, 2018): 95–103. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13463158.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Many have asserted that Sacred Natural Sites (SNS) play an important role in nature protection but few have assessed their conservation effectiveness for different taxa. We studied sacred groves in Epirus, NW Greece, where a large number of such SNS have been identified. Based on historical, ethnographic and ecological criteria, we selected eight of these groves and matching control sites and in them we studied fungi, lichens, herbaceous plants, woody plants, nematodes, insects, bats and passerine birds. Our results reveal that the contribution of SNS to species conservation is nuanced by taxon, vegetation type and management history. We found that the sacred groves have a small conservation advantage over the corresponding control sites. More specifically, there are more distinct sets of organisms amongst sacred groves than amongst control sites, and overall biodiversity, diversity per taxonomic group, and numbers of species from the European SCI list (Species of Community Interest) are all marginally higher in them. Conservationists regard the often small size of SNS as a factor limiting their conservation value. The sizes of SNS around the globe vary greatly, from a few square meters to millions of hectares. Given that those surveyed by us (ranging from 5 to 116 ha) are at the lower end of this spectrum, the small conservation advantage that we testified becomes important. Our results provide clear evidence that even small-size SNS have considerable conservation relevance; they would contribute most to species conservation if incorporated in networks.
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Avtzis, D.N., K. Stara, V. Sgardeli, et al. "Quantifying the conservation value of Sacred Natural Sites." Biological Conservation 222 (June 7, 2018): 95–103. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13463158.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Many have asserted that Sacred Natural Sites (SNS) play an important role in nature protection but few have assessed their conservation effectiveness for different taxa. We studied sacred groves in Epirus, NW Greece, where a large number of such SNS have been identified. Based on historical, ethnographic and ecological criteria, we selected eight of these groves and matching control sites and in them we studied fungi, lichens, herbaceous plants, woody plants, nematodes, insects, bats and passerine birds. Our results reveal that the contribution of SNS to species conservation is nuanced by taxon, vegetation type and management history. We found that the sacred groves have a small conservation advantage over the corresponding control sites. More specifically, there are more distinct sets of organisms amongst sacred groves than amongst control sites, and overall biodiversity, diversity per taxonomic group, and numbers of species from the European SCI list (Species of Community Interest) are all marginally higher in them. Conservationists regard the often small size of SNS as a factor limiting their conservation value. The sizes of SNS around the globe vary greatly, from a few square meters to millions of hectares. Given that those surveyed by us (ranging from 5 to 116 ha) are at the lower end of this spectrum, the small conservation advantage that we testified becomes important. Our results provide clear evidence that even small-size SNS have considerable conservation relevance; they would contribute most to species conservation if incorporated in networks.
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Avtzis, D.N., K. Stara, V. Sgardeli, et al. "Quantifying the conservation value of Sacred Natural Sites." Biological Conservation 222 (July 3, 2018): 95–103. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13463158.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Many have asserted that Sacred Natural Sites (SNS) play an important role in nature protection but few have assessed their conservation effectiveness for different taxa. We studied sacred groves in Epirus, NW Greece, where a large number of such SNS have been identified. Based on historical, ethnographic and ecological criteria, we selected eight of these groves and matching control sites and in them we studied fungi, lichens, herbaceous plants, woody plants, nematodes, insects, bats and passerine birds. Our results reveal that the contribution of SNS to species conservation is nuanced by taxon, vegetation type and management history. We found that the sacred groves have a small conservation advantage over the corresponding control sites. More specifically, there are more distinct sets of organisms amongst sacred groves than amongst control sites, and overall biodiversity, diversity per taxonomic group, and numbers of species from the European SCI list (Species of Community Interest) are all marginally higher in them. Conservationists regard the often small size of SNS as a factor limiting their conservation value. The sizes of SNS around the globe vary greatly, from a few square meters to millions of hectares. Given that those surveyed by us (ranging from 5 to 116 ha) are at the lower end of this spectrum, the small conservation advantage that we testified becomes important. Our results provide clear evidence that even small-size SNS have considerable conservation relevance; they would contribute most to species conservation if incorporated in networks.
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Avtzis, D.N., K. Stara, V. Sgardeli, et al. "Quantifying the conservation value of Sacred Natural Sites." Biological Conservation 222 (July 10, 2018): 95–103. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13463158.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Many have asserted that Sacred Natural Sites (SNS) play an important role in nature protection but few have assessed their conservation effectiveness for different taxa. We studied sacred groves in Epirus, NW Greece, where a large number of such SNS have been identified. Based on historical, ethnographic and ecological criteria, we selected eight of these groves and matching control sites and in them we studied fungi, lichens, herbaceous plants, woody plants, nematodes, insects, bats and passerine birds. Our results reveal that the contribution of SNS to species conservation is nuanced by taxon, vegetation type and management history. We found that the sacred groves have a small conservation advantage over the corresponding control sites. More specifically, there are more distinct sets of organisms amongst sacred groves than amongst control sites, and overall biodiversity, diversity per taxonomic group, and numbers of species from the European SCI list (Species of Community Interest) are all marginally higher in them. Conservationists regard the often small size of SNS as a factor limiting their conservation value. The sizes of SNS around the globe vary greatly, from a few square meters to millions of hectares. Given that those surveyed by us (ranging from 5 to 116 ha) are at the lower end of this spectrum, the small conservation advantage that we testified becomes important. Our results provide clear evidence that even small-size SNS have considerable conservation relevance; they would contribute most to species conservation if incorporated in networks.
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Hausler, Kristin. "The EU Approach to Cultural Heritage in Conflict and Crisis: An Elephant in the Room?" Santander Art and Culture Law Review 7, no. 2 (2021): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2450050xsnr.21.025.15270.
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This Note considers the Conclusions on EU Approach to Cultural Heritage in Conflicts and Crises, which were adopted by the Council of the European Union on 21 June 2021. It starts by analysing the shift in the way cultural heritage has been perceived since the introduction of cultural heritage within the EU’s external relations’ strategy. It then considers how the role of cultural heritage as a vector of peace and development could be strengthened and consolidated through a better articulation of its linkages with climate change.
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Blaser, Stefan, Daniel Prati, Beatrice Senn-Irlet, and Markus Fischer. "Effects of forest management on the diversity of deadwood-inhabiting fungi in Central European forests." Forest Ecology and Management 304 (September 2013): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.04.043.
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Longkumer, Temjen Wabang. "Edible, Medicinal and Red Listed Monkey Head Mushroom Hericium erinaceus from Japfu Mountain of Kohima needs immediate protection." Current Botany 7 (January 12, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19071/cb.2016.v7.3064.
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Hericium erinaceus also called as monkey head mushroom or bearded tooth fungi ia an edible and medicinal mushroom. It is available in the Japfu mountain of Kohima district of Nagaland (India) which has an altitude of about 3000m. This mushroom is considered very rare in many countries and was red listed in 13 out of 23 European countries in which it has been recorded and is one of the flagship species for conservation of fungal biodiversity in India. This rare and valuable mushroom needs protection as it is considered to be one of the best edible mushroom and reported to have contain many medicinal properties and above all the local population collect it from the wild and destroy it out of curiosity because of its peculiar look.
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Iacob, Geanina, Cristina Craioveanu, Vladimír Hula, Virgiliu Aurelian, Monica Beldean, and Cristian Sitar. "Improving the Knowledge on Distribution, Food Preferences and DNA Barcoding of Natura 2000 Protected Species Paracossulus thrips (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) in Romania." Insects 12, no. 12 (2021): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12121087.
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Paracossulus thrips (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) is one of the locally distributed and endangered species. In Europe, it is also one of the few protected moth species, through Annexes II and IV of the Council Directive 92/43/EEC, Annex II of the Bern Convention. To date, little is known about the biology and ecology of this species. Our study was conducted in Transylvania, Romania. Romania hosts some of the strongest populations of the species in the European region. As part of the study, we conducted field observations, vegetation analyses, and genetic analyses. In our paper, we show the habitat types where we encounter P. thrips in Transylvania and confirm Phlomis tuberosa as a host plant. Furthermore, a piece of important information for habitat conservation is given. In this paper, we present the eggs and larvae of P. thrips, the first DNA barcoding sequences, and four new populations of P. thrips in Romania. Our study provides baseline knowledge about the biology and ecology of P. thrips, which is important for conservation and establishing management measures.
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Hadjisterkotis, Eleftherios. "The destruction and conservation of the Egyptian Fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus in Cyprus: a historic review." European Journal of Wildlife Research 52, no. 4 (2006): 282–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14818269.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In Cyprus, there are 16 species of bats most of which are threatened with extinction. With the exception of the megachiropteran Egyptian Fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus that feeds on fruit, the rest of them are insectivorous microchiropterans. The Fruit bat was declared as a pest by the Department of Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment of Cyprus since the early 1900s. To reduce the number of this "pest", the above-mentioned Department, since 1927, used fumigation, shooting, and the purchase of dead bats. Fumigating and closing caves not only destroyed Fruit bats by direct poisoning, but the entire cave ecosystems, including highly beneficial and protected insectivorous species. The first attempt to protect bats on the island was in 1988 with law No. 24 of 1988, ratifying the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, 82/72/EEC. This convention protects all microchiroptera species except Pipistrellus pipistrellus that is strictly protected. R. aegyptiacus is rare, with small populations that are not at present endangered or vulnerable but at risk. Cyprus recently became a member state of the European Union. This provided the opportunity to include R. aegyptiacus in the Annexes II and IV of the council directive 92/42/EEC of May 21, 1993 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, which will guarantee the long-range protection and survival of this species.
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Mandrioli, Mauro, Luca Tonetti, Tiziana Beltrame, and Elena Canadelli. "From Galls to Cecidological Herbaria: The Role of Gall Collections in Modern Life Sciences." Life 14, no. 4 (2024): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14040452.
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Galls (also known as cecidia) have been studied by botanists, zoologists and microbiologists over the last century. Indeed, galls can be induced by different animals, bacteria, viruses and fungi, so that their presence simultaneously attested the presence of specific host plants and gall-inducing species. Consequently, gall collections, also known as cecidological herbaria or cecidological collections, can be interesting to study biodiversity changes over time. This review describes the main cecidological collections currently available in different European museums in order to stimulate their future study. The present analysis suggests that well-organized and preserved cecidological collections have great potential to guide research in taxonomy and systematics. Furthermore, this review aims to encourage future research on the conservation and digitisation standards of gall specimens in order to make cecidological data more accessible to researchers.
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Weber, Marc. "New Swiss Law on Cultural Property." International Journal of Cultural Property 13, no. 1 (2006): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739106060048.
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On June 1, 2005, the Swiss Federal Act on the International Transfer of Cultural Property (Cultural Property Transfer Act [CPTA]) and the regulations thereof became effective. The CPTA implements the minimal standards of the UNESCO Convention of 1970 on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property. The CPTA fills a gap, because Switzerland is not a member state of the Convention of June 24, 1995, on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects (Unidroit Convention 1995). In addition, as a nonmember state of the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Community (EEC), the Council Directive 93/7/EEC of March 15, 1993, on the Return of Cultural Objects Unlawfully Removed from the Territory of a Member State is not applicable. The CPTA enforces foreign export bans in Switzerland. However, claims in Switzerland for return of foreign, illegally exported cultural property are only successful when there is an agreement on the import and return of cultural property between Switzerland and the claiming foreign state. Like Switzerland, the claiming state must be a member state of the UNESCO Convention of 1970.
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Giardini, Giuditta. "A Commentary to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1079 of 24 June 2021 Laying Down Detailed Rules for Implementing Certain Provisions of Regulation (EU) 2019/880 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Introduction and the Import of Cultural Goods." Santander Art and Culture Law Review 7, no. 2 (2021): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2450050xsnr.21.024.15269.
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Regulation (EU) 2019/880 of the European Parliament and of the Council assigned implementing powers to the European Commission to adopt uniform provisions for effectively enforcing new rules on the import of cultural goods. The present commentary navigates the text of the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1079 of 24 June 2021 (“Implementing Regulation”), adopted to ensure the uniform implementation of the said import legislation by the Member States. The text of the Committee’s instrument sets up exemptions from the documentation requirements for certain categories of goods; contains detailed provisions on import licenses and statements; and establishes rules for the electronic system for the import of cultural goods. The ambitious provisions of the Implementing Regulation raise some important questions, e.g. whether the electronic system will facilitate the work of custom agents or engulf it; or whether national export offices and legislative bodies will step up to the challenge and quickly adapt to the new system and new rules.
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Smyth, Noeleen. "Implementing Target 10 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation at the National Botanic Gardens of Ireland." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 11 (October 29, 2013): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2013.56.
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The importance of managing invasive non-native species (INNS), be it through eradication or limitation, is set out in the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) which states that parties to the Convention should ‘prevent, control or eradicate alien species’ (IUCN, 2000). Unfortunately there is some evidence that botanic gardens have been implicated in being responsible for the early introduction of many environmental weeds listed by IUCN as among the worst invasive species (Hulme, 2011). Stronger global networking between botanic gardens to tackle the problem of INNS has been suggested by Hulme. Botanic gardens have a remit to meet Target 10 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) and the European Strategy for Plant Conservation (ESPC) Targets 10.1 and 10.2. The National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, in conjunction with University College Dublin and Mayo and Fingal County Councils, with grant funding from the Heritage Council, has monitored populations then researched and implemented effective control methods of two escaped garden plants: Hottentot fig (Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E. Br.) and giant rhubarb (Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirb.) in EU protected habitats and in Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) in Ireland. Chemical treatments were trialled and tested in the field for both species, and successful regeneration of native vegetation in formerly invaded areas has been observed since treatments began in 2009.
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Petrova, Antoaneta, Irina Gerasimova, Rossen Vassilev, and Diana Venkova. "Gladiolus palustris (Asparagales: Iridacea) in Bulgaria: What we know?" ARPHA Conference Abstracts 2 (September 16, 2019): e46591. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.2.e46591.
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The Marsh Gladiolus, <em>Gladiolus palustris </em>is a Central-European geoelement that extends its distribution to Albania, Bulgaria and North Macedonia at the Balkan Peninsula. It has a local distribution and inhabits marshes and wet meadows. It is included in Annex IIb of the Council Directive 92/43 EEC. There are insufficient data for its populations across the areal. Thus, it is considered as Data Deficient in the European Red List of Vascular Plants. Only singular, old dated reports existed for Bulgaria at the beginning of this century. More data were collected during the processes of designation of the Important Plant Areas and Natura 2000 SACs in the country (2004–2013). Here we summarize and discuss the data about the distribution in Bulgaria and the existing data for the known populations. Nowadays the distribution in two floristic regions (Pirin Mt. and Rhodope Mts.) is confirmed; there is no recent confirmation for the localities in other two regions (Rila Mt. and Slavyanka Mt.). Populations' densities and numbers are highly variable, from less than 50 to thousands of individuals. We discuss the habitats and their management. The most important negative factor is the abandonment of the meadows.
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Marrocco, Vanessa, Francesco Zangaro, Alessandro Sicuro, and Maurizio Pinna. "A scaling down mapping of Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) through the combination of scientific literature, NATURA 2000, grey literature and citizen science data." Nature Conservation 33 (April 18, 2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.33.30397.
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This research investigates the occurrence of Pinnanobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Mediterranean Sea, where it is an endemic and the largest bivalve species. Such a species is protected under the European Council Directive 92/43/EEC since 1992, being exposed to anthropogenic impacts. The distribution of this species has been known, in the past, only from reports in scientific literature. Presently, the concerns, threats and risks for P.nobilis are increasing and a more detailed mapping of the actual distribution from a largest to a local spatial scale is essential for the implementation of monitoring, management and conservation actions. Here we provide a systematic review on the occurrence of P.nobilis, employing and combining different sources of information, such as scientific and grey literature, NATURA 2000 geodata and citizen science records. The methodological approach is a pilot test based on a scaling down of the geographical area of study, from the whole of the Mediterranean Sea to the Italian and Apulian coastline (South-East Italy); accordingly, the above mentioned sources of data have been gradually included. The results show that the combination of multiple sources of information provide a more exact determination of the species distribution at a local scale, identifying sites where in-depth actions are required to ensure the species conservation and restoration. Also, the IUCN has recently underlined that the conservation of P.nobilis has become a difficult challenge, so that each of the spatial scales for the investigation is crucial to enable a better preservation and conservation of the species in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Marrocco, Vanessa, Francesco Zangaro, Alessandro Sicuro, and Maurizio Pinna. "A scaling down mapping of Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) through the combination of scientific literature, NATURA 2000, grey literature and citizen science data." Nature Conservation 33 (April 18, 2019): 21–31. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.33.30397.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigates the occurrence of Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Mediterranean Sea, where it is an endemic and the largest bivalve species. Such a species is protected under the European Council Directive 92/43/EEC since 1992, being exposed to anthropogenic impacts. The distribution of this species has been known, in the past, only from reports in scientific literature. Presently, the concerns, threats and risks for P. nobilis are increasing and a more detailed mapping of the actual distribution from a largest to a local spatial scale is essential for the implementation of monitoring, management and conservation actions. Here we provide a systematic review on the occurrence of P. nobilis, employing and combining different sources of information, such as scientific and grey literature, NATURA 2000 geodata and citizen science records. The methodological approach is a pilot test based on a scaling down of the geographical area of study, from the whole of the Mediterranean Sea to the Italian and Apulian coastline (South-East Italy); accordingly, the above mentioned sources of data have been gradually included. The results show that the combination of multiple sources of information provide a more exact determination of the species distribution at a local scale, identifying sites where in-depth actions are required to ensure the species conservation and restoration. Also, the IUCN has recently underlined that the conservation of P. nobilis has become a difficult challenge, so that each of the spatial scales for the investigation is crucial to enable a better preservation and conservation of the species in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Kömpe, Yasemin Özdener, Vildan Akin Mutlu, İbrahim Özkoç, Sevim Demiray, and Bozkurt Serhat. "Fungal diversity and ex vitro symbiotic germination of Serapias vomeracea (Orchidaceae)." Acta botanica Croatica 81, no. 1 (2022): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2022-008.
Full textAbstract:
Conservation of orchids can be possible with effective seed germination and seedling growth methods. In this context, ex vitro symbiotic seed germination and seedling growth of orchid seeds may be convenient and advantageous. In this study, both the diversity of the root endophytic fungi in Serapias vomeracea (Burm.f.) Briq. and the ex vitro effects of these fungi on seed germination, seedling development and tuber formation were revealed. The fungi were isolated monthly for two years from S. vomeracea roots and the isolates were identified based on morphological characters and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences. All of the Rhizoctonia-like isolates that joined the mycorrhizal association were closely related to Tulasnella calospora (thirty isolates). Non-Rhizoctonia isolates are closely related to Fusarium tricinctum (two isolates), Aspergillus spelaeus (one isolate) and Talaromyces pinophilus (Pezizales) (one isolate). The viability rate of the seeds was 90.32%. The seed packs were placed in soils containing fungus and the germination process was followed. All isolates associated with Tulasnella calospora promoted germination and seedling development. Isolate Svl 21 (Tulasnella sp.) was found to have the highest germination rate (98%) but isolate Svl 4 developed seedlings with advanced leaves (stage 4 (S4): seedlings with advanced leaves and/or rooted, 13.67%). All seedlings at S4 were transferred to the natural environment; the first tubers were observed seven months after. In this study, for the first time, a tuberous European orchid, S. vomeracea developed from seed to adult plant in a natural environment.
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Ternell, Anna, Bosse Lagerquist, Anders M. Nilsson, et al. "Possibilities and challenges for landscape observatories." Ecocycles 9, no. 1 (2023): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19040/ecocycles.v9i1.267.
Full textAbstract:
The twentieth century saw rapid environmental degradation due to changes that contributed to increased net GHG emissions, loss of natural ecosystems, and declining biodiversity. Deterioration of unprotected landscapes during swift industrialization, urbanization, increasing monocultures in agriculture, expansion of commercial production significantly contributed to these negative consequences. However, a cultural shift occurred during the last two decades in favour of landscape conservation. In response to widespread landscape degradation and loss of ecosystem services, the Council of Europe saw the need to protect, manage, and develop the landscapes, and thus signed the European Landscape Convention (ELC) in 2000. This was the world's first international agreement that described all aspects of landscape management in detail. The European Landscape Convention fully meets the challenges through its goal of correcting a lack of understanding of landscapes as a unique system embracing natural, economic, and social features throughout Europe. It goes beyond simply protecting landscapes and addresses landscape management and development, as well as raising public and government awareness of the importance of paying attention to all types of landscapes, whether exceptional or spoiled. Landscape observatories, multifunctional platforms and knowledge centres for researchers, technicians, administrators, and citizens, are one of the Council of Europe's instruments for implementing the European Landscape Convention (ELC). They can be established on a variety of scales and can serve as a vital link between administrations, civil society, researchers, and the economic sector. This article discusses the emergence of landscape observatories and the role they can play as decision support instruments in promoting sustainable landscape development through a regenerative approach. Additionally, the paper discusses the implementation of ELC in Västra Götaland in Sweden through the establishment of Landscape Observatory Västra Götaland, and its impacts and challenges associated with landscape development. Furthermore, we propose a comprehensive and holistic, to any landscape type adaptable landscape observatory concept, based on multifunctionality of these institutions, emphasizing their decision support roles, social and economic importance.
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Gomez-Heras, Miguel, Silvia González Soutelo, Raquel Castelo Ruano, and Laura García Juan. "The Challenge of Accessibility to Heritage around the Via Francigena: The Potential of Thermal Heritage for Accessible Tourism." Heritage 6, no. 11 (2023): 7115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6110371.
Full textAbstract:
The Via Francigena stands as a European Cultural Route recognized by the Council of Europe, serving as a link between Northern and Southern Europe, extending from Canterbury through France and Switzerland to Rome in Italy. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights underscores the right of all individuals to partake in the cultural life of their communities, which entails ensuring that heritage sites remain accessible to everyone, regardless of their physical, cognitive or sensory abilities. To achieve this, the ‘rurAllure’ project has been initiated to promote and disseminate the cultural and natural heritage along this pilgrimage route in an inclusive manner. This paper reviews the existing resources regarding accessibility in the Italian segment of the Via Francigena, comparing them to initiatives undertaken on other European Cultural Routes. This serves as an initial step to comprehend the measures required to guarantee that everyone can fully engage with and comprehend these cultural experiences. The analysis revealed that most of the limited accessibility efforts along this route have primarily focused on physical accessibility. Regrettably, cognitive and sensory accessibility has received considerably less attention. In this context, this paper proposes the thermal heritage located along the Val d’Orcia section in Tuscany, Italy, as particularly promising for the development of accessible experiences due to its tactile characteristics. The future efforts to enhance accessibility along this route should consider approaches like Universal Design for Learning and the geography of perception to create resources and new experiences that cater to a wide range of individuals.