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Averyanova, Inessa V., S. I. Vdovenko, and A. L. Maksimov. "EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE STATUS OF THE BODY OF YOUNG PEOPLE OF 17-19 YEARS OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS OF THE NORTH-EAST RUSSIA." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 8 (March 27, 2019): 766–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-8-766-769.
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Natural and climatic conditions of the environment of Northeast Russia and particularly Magadan region are the very factor mostly influencing adaptive responses by individuals inhabiting the region. Compensatory and adaptive responses in indigenes and newcomers of the region can be assumed to have their specific features. In 2009 there was executed the examination of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and gas exchange in 392 cases aged of 17-19 years, including Europeans (Caucasians) born in the North in the 1st-2nd generation and indigenes. The methodologically similar study was carried out in 2014 in 265 persons, referred to the same cohorts of North-born Caucasians and Indigenes from the Magadan region. The results of the study executed in 2009 testified to a small number of physiological parameters that were reliably different in Caucasians vs. Indigene subjects. In 2014 no difference was found between the two examined cohorts throughout the observed parameters. The revealed changes in gas exchange, external respiration and cardiovascular systems demonstrated by modern young Indigenes of Northeast Russia testified to the fall in the effectiveness of their breathing. All that makes them farther from the classic “polar metabolic type” and their morphofunctional status becomes closer to European male subjects of Northeast Russia. Thus, we can observe a clear tendency towards “convergence in programs” of the adaptive changes between populations of the North residents undergoing similar natural, environmental and social factors.
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Stebljuk, Svitlana. "FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE IN FUTURE SPECIALISTS FROM ENTREPRENEURSHIP, TRADE AND EXCHANGE ACTIVITIES: MORAL-ETHICAL COMPOSITION." Continuing Professional Education: Theory and Practice, no. 2 (2019): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/1609-8595.2019.2.4651.
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In the article attention is focused on one of the most important problems of formation of future specialist from entrepreneurship, trade and exchange activity – presence of the formed mental and ethical values. It is marked that trade and exchange activity require a presence in the personnel of such personality qualities as: discipline, politeness, responsibility, communicational skills, tactfulness, tolerance, being collected, exactness. They are formed in the process of theoretical-practical training of future specialist and directly because of atmosphere at the job. The aim of the article is to determine the essence and ways of forming of mental and ethical qualities in future specialists from entrepreneurship, trade and exchange activity. Maintenance of the key concept «mental and ethical values» is found out and the formulation is given. It is a presence of the formed common to all mankind values and norms of moral behaviour, which is predefined by modern European direction of integration in different spheres (educational, economic, humanitarian and others like that). Separate scientific investigation services are analysed. Researchers point out the importance of formation of mental and ethical values in future professional activity. In the process of research it is found out about content of curricula and working programs from professional disciplines, complex plans of educational work, directions of activity of a group; methodology of scientific research of the problem. Experimental work required determination of scientific methodologies of research. Author is distinguishing two methodologies: diagnostics of the ways person thinks (B. Bass), questionnaire methodology «Scale of emotional review» (A. Megrabyana and N. Epstein). Results certify that systematic work is needed in the process of preparation of future specialist in establishments of higher education. The separate ways of forming of mental and ethical values are found out in students: folk pedagogics, out-of-classroom (extracurricular) work, participation in business-tournaments. We see the prospects of further researches in certain methods of extracurricular work that will influence formation of personality.
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Mufwene, Salikoko S. "The ET Column: Globalization and the spread of English: what does it mean to be Anglophone?" English Today 26, no. 1 (February 23, 2010): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078409990605.
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The author wonders whether English is becoming as universal as is often claimed? Demand for English and American language centers has increased around the world, and TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is now administered regularly in many metropolises. To ensure that their students are competitive, economically affluent countries have invested lots of money in the latest audio-visual technology while also recruiting the most competent teachers of English as a second or foreign language. South Korea has stood out in contracting American and British teachers to provide interaction-with-native-speaker experience to its students via satellite while European countries have benefited greatly from student exchange programs that enable their students to improve their competence by immersion in native socio-economic ecologies. Equally noteworthy are financial and emotional sacrifices endured by many, chiefly Korean, families whose mothers/wives and school-age children live in Anglophone countries so that the children can develop native competence in English. The relevant parents assume that as the world-wide market value of English continues to rise, every young person anywhere will need it, at least as a lingua franca, and the more fluent ones will have a competitive edge over their peers. Pop culture will undoubtedly have contributed its share to this rise of its market value.
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Merrill, J. L. "Support Groups for Persons with Diabetes and Visual Impairment." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 87, no. 9 (November 1993): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9308700919.
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Bridgwood, Bernadeta, Hannah Willoughby, Madeleine Attridge, and Eugene Tang. "The value of European exchange programs for early career family doctors." Education for Primary Care 28, no. 4 (April 20, 2017): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14739879.2017.1315618.
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Peintinger, Florentia. "National Breast Screening Programs across Europe." Breast Care 14, no. 6 (2019): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503715.
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Background: Mammography screening programs in Europe revealed a 25–30% breast cancer mortality reduction in women between 50 and 74 years. Early cancer detection and less radical treatment in dedicated multidisciplinary breast centers have improved breast cancer care. Breast population-based screening (persons are individually identified and personally invited to attend screening) is intended to detect breast cancer at an early stage to enable lower mortality rates. Methods: The status of implementation of cancer screening programs among European countries, quality parameters and possible differences will be reviewed. Results: Implementation of the recommended maximum age range was adopted in most programs. Almost all the European countries established digital mammography as the method of screening instead of screen-film mammography. Inequalities in implementation of cancer screening in the European Union have been observed. Conclusion: Improvement of data quality and mortality registries linked to the screening programs are needed.
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Stoever, Heino. "Drug Substitution Treatment and Needle Exchange Programs in German and European Prisons." Journal of Drug Issues 32, no. 2 (April 2002): 573–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260203200216.
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Åkerlund, Andreas. "For Goodwill, Aid and Economic Growth: The Funding of Academic Exchange Through the Swedish Institute, 1945–2010." Nordic Journal of Educational History 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v2i1.47.
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The article investigates the financial basis of state-sponsored international academic exchange through the Swedish Institute (SI). Founded in 1945 the SI is the main institution for Swedish public diplomacy and is as such part of modern foreign policy and Swedish soft power. This article maps the changing sources of funding as well as the sums spent on academic exchange from 1945–2010. It also discusses the various forms of exchange programs and gives an overview of the ideas behind and arguments for such programs. The overall picture is that state-sponsored exchange after 1945 has expanded. Not only has more and more money been spent on exchange, which led to an increase in the number of persons benefitted, but there has also been a diversification in exchange schemes towards parallel programs, each designed to fulfill a certain task. Though they fund different parts of the SI exchange scheme, the main sources of funding, however, have remained the same: the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, various development assistance agencies and programs as well as the Ministry for Education.
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Jacquelinet, Christian, Rita Fleiner, Peter Biro, Lisa Burnapp, Bernadette Hasse, Paolo Tubertini, Jiri Fronek, et al. "SP744THE EUROPEAN NETWORK FOR COLLABORATION ON KIDNEY EXCHANGE PROGRAMS (ENCKEP) IS ON TRACK." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 32, suppl_3 (May 1, 2017): iii394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfx157.sp744.
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Erbsen, Heidi. "The Biopolitics of International Exchange: International Educational Exchange Programs – Facilitator or Victim in the Battle for Biopolitical Normativity?" Russian Politics 3, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451-8921-00301004.
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This article addresses how international educational exchange programs are increasingly used as political, and particularly bio-political, tools to promote ideologies of biological normativity. Such programs have historically been promoted by national and international institutions as means to increase participants (and therefore the sending institution’s) knowledge of the world and transfer favorable values through individuals. us and eu exchange programs with Russia in particular have been focused on achieving a ‘mutual understanding’ or promoting ‘common’ or ‘shared values’ across countries; however, a tendency of educational institutions to select like-minded individuals and countries for participation has arguably complicated rather than mended global divides. The difference in values associated with biological practices in Russia, the us, and the eu related to traditional gender roles, marriage, nuclear families, birth control, etc. have become more apparent with the spread of information and globalization. The main argument of this work supports that attention to the promotion or cancelation of certain exchange programs can be used to better understand larger patterns in international relations and the modern system of global governance. An investigation into the founding ideologies behind programs such as flex and Fulbright (by the us) and Erasmus + (by the European Commission) and their politicization exemplifies how educational programs can become ‘battlefields’ for ideologies of biological normativity. The example of the cancelation of the flex program by the Russian Federation is used to understand key relationships between biopolitics and geopolitics, modern and post-modern, and value transfer and human capital.
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Des Jarlais, D. C., S. Pinkerton, H. Hagan, V. Guardino, J. Feelemyer, H. Cooper, A. Hatzatkis, and A. Uuskula. "30 Years on Selected Issues in the Prevention of HIV among Persons Who Inject Drugs." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/346372.
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After 30 years of extensive research on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among persons who inject drugs (PWID), we now have a good understanding of the critical issues involved. Following the discovery of HIV in 1981, epidemics among PWID were noted in many countries, and consensus recommendations for interventions for reducing injection related HIV transmission have been developed. While high-income countries have continued to develop and implement new Harm Reduction programs, most low-/middle-income countries have implemented Harm Reduction at very low levels. Modeling of combined prevention programming including needle exchange (NSP) and antiretroviral therapy (ARV) suggests that NSP be given the highest priority. Future HIV prevention programming should continue to provide Harm Reduction programs for PWID coupled with interventions aimed at reducing sexual transmission. As HIV continues to spread in low- and middle-income countries, it is important to achieve and maintain high coverage of Harm Reduction programs in these locations. As PWID almost always experience multiple health problems, it will be important to address these multiple problems within a comprehensive approach grounded in a human rights perspective.
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Kudláček, Martin, Ondřej Ješina, and Pat Flannagan. "European Inclusive Physical Education Training." Advances in Rehabilitation 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10029-010-0003-6.
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European Inclusive Physical Education Training The purpose of this presentation is to introduce the outcomes of the project European Inclusive Physical Education Training (EIPET; LLP/LdV/TOI/2007/IRL-502). The project aims to tackle difficulties that arise associated with the inclusion of children with disabilities into general education; and associated current deficiencies in initial and continued physical education teacher training to deal with same. The purpose of this article is to describe job specific functions, which general PE teachers can face in inclusive physical education, and related professional competencies, which teachers should acquire in their pre-service or in-service training. The functional map was developed based on the model of service delivery titled PAPTECA to reflect systematic step in teaching children with disabilities in inclusive PE. We will discuss the implication of functional map and competence framework for teacher preparation programs in light of presented barriers and facilitators of inclusive physical education. We will provide practical examples of modules and courses build on the EIPET theoretical framework. We will discuss the possibilities and limitations related to the theoretical principles, practical training and practicum experiences working with persons with disabilities as part of EIPET module (introductory APA courses).
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Wilson, Michael G., Marcela Carvalho, and Ariadna Patricia E. Alvarez. "Consortia for Future Leadership: Student Perspectives." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 38, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.38.3.25.
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This article focuses on the perspectives of three students who took part in a student exchange program between Brazilian and American universities. The program focused on expanding human resources to increase the social inclusion of persons with disabilities in both countries. The students provide an overview of lessons learned from their experiences and a description of how they have applied those lessons in their respective countries. The students also discuss the challenges in applying rehabilitation counseling practices across cultures. Finally, the students discuss the role of international student exchange programs in strengthening rehabilitation practice across countries.
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Butum, Lavinia. "The importance of international experience for Romanian students in establishing career priorities." Management & Marketing 12, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmcks-2017-0010.
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Abstract Romanian students′ appreciation towards international experience has been increasing as the number of students involved in international programs has been rising year by year. Also, students′ expectations upon graduation are more related to finding a good job, usually in multinationals. Studies conducted in Romania (Frunzaru et al., 2013) and (Nicolescu and Păun, 2009) showed that students give great attention to the skills they acquire after completing various programs, often their choices being focused on several successful areas and international programs. The joint projects of several universities and governmental authorities in Romania have aimed to develop the international dimension of education (IEMU, 2015). The results of implementing those projects could be revealed by students’ perception of international competences gained by curricula or international exchange programs. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of Romanian and European graduates’ satisfaction with international experience and extracurricular resources accessed during university courses. Also, the article will analyze the dynamics of graduates′ career priorities in accordance with the skills provided upon graduation. The data are selected from Trendence Graduate Barometer - Romanian Edition and the analysis establishes relevant conclusions regarding the young Romanian graduates′ need to develop, in comparison with European graduates from 5-year statistic data (2012-2016). The conclusions include a comparison of international exchange programs and career priorities expectations among Romanian and other European graduates. Also, the paper will draw new research directions regarding students′ need for specialization especially in gaining international competences.
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Mavrov, Momchil. "THE EUROPEAN STRATEGY FOR DISABLED PEOPLE FOR BETTER PUBLIC HEALTH." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 6 (December 10, 2018): 2045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28062045m.
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In the last decade, the European Community has extended measures to guarantee the fundamental rights and freedoms of people with disabilities and to improve the relevant legal framework. European policies and programs aimed at protecting one of the most vulnerable groups of human society aim to ensure the full exercise of fundamental human rights, among which are the subjective rights related to human health and the improvement of the quality of life.One of the most important acts in this direction is the European Disability Strategy with a programming period 2010-2020 in which it is set cooperation on concerted action at national and European level in specific areas of public life, one of which is healthcare.The most common problems of people with disabilities in the field of public health are unequal treatment, limited access to health care and medical treatment, the lack or deficit of specific health and rehabilitation services and access to appropriate medical equipment, corresponding to the health status of the persons with disabilities, as well as insufficient financial support from the state.All listed disadvantage inherent in most health systems lead to the violation of one of the most important social rights of people with disabilities, namely: their right to health.In order to overcome the barriers identified by persons with disabilities in the exercise of their subjective rights,In order to overcome these barriers which people with disabilities face when exercising their subjective rights, in the Strategy of the European Union is indicated that the community will support national health measures taken to provide accessible and quality health services, appropriate rehabilitation services for people with disabilities, the promotion of mental health services and the development of early intervention services and the assessment of the needs of vulnerable persons, including equal treatment.The stride of the European Community to ensure the highest possible protection of the civil, health and other basic rights of persons with disabilities needs to be actively supported by the governments of the Member States, since only through joint efforts and synchronized common policies could be achieved, the objectives set out in the strategic document.
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Beniashvili, Ekaterine, and Jan Böhm. "Does Gender Matter? Student Mobility in Georgia. A Case Study." Journal of Education in Black Sea Region 6, no. 1 (December 4, 2020): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31578/jebs.v6i1.216.
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While integration into the European Union is one of the priorities of Georgia, internationalization of higher educational institutions and international student mobility is of a particular importance. The present paper serves exactly this purpose and outlines the preliminary assumption that gender stereotypes, cultural aspects and family traditions have a negative impact on students’ equal access to student exchange programs in Georgia. Although female students are more involved into international student exchange programs, they are at the same time facing bigger obstacles to do so. The mentioned problem refers mainly to females who cannot decide the issue of their participation in exchange programs alone, without their family’s involvement. The study revealed that the participation of female students in exchange programs especially increases year by year, while only a slight increase of the number of male students is demonstrated. The mentioned finding is in absolute coincidence with the events in Europe, where female participation has exceeded male participation long ago. In the light of the fact that this issue has never been studied before, the present paper may somewhat complement the gap in literature or build a foundation for the research in this field, as it discusses the individual factors of refusal to participate in exchange programs by female students, as well as interruptive and hindering circumstances, which in most cases come from family.
Keywords: student mobility, higher education, gender, Georgia
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Shchelkova, Olga, and Ye Usmanova. "INFLUENCE OF ATTITUDE TO DISEASE ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH BONE TUMOR." Problems in oncology 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2017-63-1-115-121.
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The article is devoted to study health-related quality of life and psychological characteristics in 119 patients with bone tumor. The diagnoses are osteosarcoma (41 persons), giant cell tumor (31 persons), chondrosarcoma (30 persons) and metastatic bone lesion (17 persons). Comparative analysis of quality of life, features of emotional condition, relation to disease and coping strategies in four clinical groups of patients was made. Psychological methods were as follows: «SF- 36 Health Status Survey», Quality of Life Questionnary-Core 30 of European Organization for Research and Treatment Cancer with module Bone Metastases 22, “Prevalent emotional condition”, “The type of relation to disease”, “Coping strategies”. The results revealed differences in quality of life, features of emotional experience, relation to disease and coping characteristics in patients with bone tumor. These results can be used in working out programs of psychological accompaniment and psychosocial rehabilitation for oncological patients with focusing on the problems those are specific for each nosological group.
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Triukhan, Oksana, Inna Chumachenko, Olena Zanko, Hodovaniuk Andrii, and Viktoriia Formaniuk. "Legal Guarantees for the Protection of the Labor Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Ukraine." Journal of Politics and Law 13, no. 2 (May 25, 2020): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n2p164.
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The content of universal and European regional international instruments on protection of labor rights of persons with disabilities is analyzed in the paper. The conclusion is made that Ukraine should take into account the positive foreign experience of the leading countries in the field of state policy of support for persons with disabilities and its implementation. It is justified that the world experience in the field of employment for persons with disabilities will facilitate the practical implementation not only of government programs but also of measures to protect the interests of persons with disabilities. A number of scholarly publications on the subject have been investigated, containing suggestions by scientists to improve promising labor law regarding the manifestations of discrimination on the basis of disability in the field of work. Some theoretically sound recommendations for improving the legal regulation of the protection of the labor rights of persons with disabilities and ensuring that they fulfill their responsibilities were developed. General conclusions have been drawn that the problem of the legal mechanism for the protection of the labor rights of persons with disabilities needs reforming and improvement. Some proposals for improving the legal regulation in this field were given.
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Georgescu, Mădălina, Violeta Necula, and Sebastian Cozma. "The impact of hearing loss." ORL.ro 4, no. 1 (November 27, 2016): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/orl.33.4.2016.170.
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Hearing loss represents a frequently met sensorial handicap, which has a major and complex impact not only on the hearing-impaired person, but also on his family and society. The large number of hard-of-hearing persons justifies the acknowledgement of hearing loss as a public health issue, which oblige to appropriate health politics, to offer each hearing-impaired person health services like those in Europe. These can be obtained through: appropriate legislation for mandatory universal newborn hearing screening; national program for follow-up of hearing-impaired children up to school age; national register of hard-of-hearing persons; smooth access to rehabilitation methods; appropriate number of audiologists, trained for health services at European standards, trained through public programs of education in the field of audiology.
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Angiolini, Giulia. "The Tools of Diversion in the Proceedings Against Companies: the Effects of the US Model on European Systems." European Criminal Law Review 10, no. 1 (2020): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2193-5505-2020-1-27.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the tools of diversion that some States have already introduced in the proceedings against the companies. The premise from which the analysis moves is represented by the assertion that, even if the principle of legality of the prosecution characterizes the criminal proceedings against natural persons, the ones against legal persons could be, conversely, built on the opposite one of discretion. Then, the analysis moves to ascertain that some of the juridical systems open to a discretionary prosecution have also adopted some diversionary tools that let the companies, which have been committed in restorative activities and in the implementation of their compliance programs, to escape the proceedings deriving for the commission of crimes within their own activities. After portraying the scenario of three samples, i. e. the US archetype, the British implementation and the French recent experiment, the focus shifts to Italy, which has not adopted any diversionary means in the proceedings against a corporation yet. There, could the explicitness of the principle of mandatory prosecution represent help to ensure that the suggested insertion of diversionary tools also in the proceedings against legal persons would not present some of the negatives seen where these kinds of instruments already work, above all the degeneration into a means of unjustified disparity?
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Sokira, Tatyana, Almazhan Dzhulaeva, Zemfira Myshbayeva, Saltanat Bolatkyzy, and Kenzhakhan Otepbergen. "The formation of ecosystems of employment for persons with disabilities." E3S Web of Conferences 159 (2020): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015906002.
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The problem of employment of persons with disabilities is in the attention of all international organizations, is one of the seventeen sustainable development goals set by the UN, which defined decent work as an opportunity and prospects for personal development of any person, including those with disabilities. The urgency of this problem is becoming more acute in the modern world due to the fact that the number of disabled people is growing. This is due to the aging of the population – older people are at increased risk of disability, – and also because of the global increase in chronic diseases among the population. The article presents a comparative analysis of foreign and domestic experience in forming a social partnership ecosystem in solving the problems of persons with disabilities, analyzes the level of employment of persons with disabilities, and suggests practical steps for all stakeholders, including governments, civil society structures, and organizations of persons with disabilities, to create a favorable environmental ecosystem, develop rehabilitation and support services, and provide appropriate social support, developing inclusive policies and programs, and ensuring the application of new and existing standards and legislation for the benefit of persons with disabilities and the General public, based on a comparative analysis of the ecosystems of leading European States.
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Csanádi, Marcell, Inge MCM de Kok, Eveline AM Heijnsdijk, Ahti Anttila, Sirpa Heinävaara, János G. Pitter, György Széles, et al. "Key indicators of organized cancer screening programs: Results from a Delphi study." Journal of Medical Screening 26, no. 3 (January 8, 2019): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141318820362.
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Objective To maximize benefits and reduce potential harms of organized cancer screening programs in Europe, monitoring, quality assurance, and evaluation of long-term impact are required. We aimed to identify the most important indicators to be collected and reported. The study was designed to establish a consensus within a European-level working group and suggest a manageable list of key indicators. Methods We conducted a Delphi study among policymakers, researchers, and program coordinators who were experts in breast, cervical, or colorectal cancer screening. Study participants evaluated the importance of screening indicators on a 5-point Likert scale. Results The top 10 indicators by study participants were interval cancer rate, detection rate, screening attendance, screening coverage, cancer incidence, cause-specific mortality, proportion of persons attending further assessment after a positive screen test result, proportion of persons attending a treatment after diagnosis, invitation coverage, and distribution of cancers by mode of detection. Performance indicators were generally considered more important than outcome indicators. Subgroup analyses by cancer types showed similar results, and only cervical cancer screening experts had slightly different preferences. Subgroup analyses by experts’ roles indicated that policymakers found different indicators important compared with researchers or program coordinators, probably because of their different point of view on screening. Conclusion The implication of our priority ranking is twofold: it serves as an initial guidance for countries that have not yet established a system to collect data, and as a checklist for those where data collection is already established, to assess the comprehensiveness of their system.
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Jovanovic, Aleksandar. "Legal status of persons with mental illness in Serbia." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 132, no. 11-12 (2004): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0412448j.
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In this study, legal status of the mentally ill has been discussed in the context of Serbian legislation. The topics covered are the following: 1) the admission of persons with mental illness to psychiatric institution, 2) general (legal) competence, 3) marital relations of persons with mental illness, 4) legal definitions of sanity and security measures of medical character. Serbia still has no general law on mental health which would be in accordance with European standards, and the existing legislation which deals with the rights of persons with mental illness is, to a large extent, incomplete and obsolete. The author appeals for passing the law on mental health which should: a) follow modern trends in psychiatry concerning the protection of human rights with the basic goal to protect society and mentally ill persons, b) to protect the professional and moral integrity of psychiatrists, c) to provide ethically and professionally acceptable authorization for the use of force, if necessary, in order to prevent criminal acts and/or self-injuries in patients suffering from severe psychical disorders, d) to conceptualize forensic psychiatric treatment (the security measures, corrective psychiatry) and the programs of rehabilitation as an integral part of the community mental health protection system.
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Walsh, Christine, Sarah L. Canham, Joe Humphries, Victoria F. Burns, Natasha Dharshi, Tamara Sussman, and Jackson Hangar. "EXPLORING PROMISING PRACTICE MODELS FOR HOUSING OLDER PERSONS EXPERIENCINGHOMELESSNESS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3283.
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Abstract The numbers of older persons experiencing homelessness (OPEH) is on the rise globally Yet housing and shelter options that support the varied and complex needs of this population are scarce. In order to understand effective solutions for housing OPEH, it is critical to explore promising practices that support aging in the right place for OPEH. In an effort to inform this critical gap, 100 OPEH and service providers were purposefully selected and invited to attend one of three World Café workshops held in three major urban cities in Canada: Vancouver, Calgary, and Montréal. Participants engaged in facilitated discussions aimed at supporting knowledge exchange and generating dialogue about gaps, opportunities and promising local housing options. Thematic analyses of audiotaped deliberations revealed three themes: 1) The limited nature of current housing options and programs in each locality; 2) The importance of supporting integrative housing models that increase access to formal health and social support staff, transportation, and income supports; and 3) The significance of supporting sustainability, by conducting regular program evaluations, increasing public awareness of homelessness issues, and involving multi-sector stakeholders. Findings highlight how meeting the unique health and psychosocial needs of OPEH requires a nuanced understanding of the development, design, and sustainability of effective housing options. World Café dialogues revealed that identifying and sustaining existing promising practice models provides an avenue to supporting aging in the right place for OPEH.
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Artenie, A. A., J. Bruneau, G. Zang, J. M. Bamvita, A. Lévesque, D. Jutras-Aswad, M. Daniel, and É. Roy. "P1277 VISITING A PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN AMONG PERSONS WHO INJECT DRUGS ATTENDING SYRINGE EXCHANGE PROGRAMS: COUPLING STRATEGIES TO OPTIMIZE HCV PREVENTION." Journal of Hepatology 60, no. 1 (April 2014): S515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(14)61436-7.
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Barbu, Liliana. "How Does the Romanian State Support the Increase of Energy Efficiency of Buildings by Using Public Funds?" Studies in Business and Economics 15, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2020-0021.
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AbstractThe issue of improving the energy efficiency of buildings in Romania is one of interest, both for the state authorities and for the population. The general purpose is to encourage the production of thermal energy and domestic hot water through the use of renewable energy sources. This is part of the EU's long-term objective of decarbonising the existing and inefficient European real estate park. In order to start renovating the existing buildings on the national territory, considerable financial resources are needed which the owners should have. The Romanian state, through the Agency for Environmental Protection, comes to the support the interested persons by granting financial support within the “Green House” Programs. The present paper includes an analysis of the four “Green House” programs and the public funds used to increase the energy efficiency of the buildings.
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Siles Gonzalez, Jose, Carmen Solano Ruiz, and Angela Gaban Gutierrez. "International Appraisal of Nursing Culture and Curricula: A Qualitative Study of Erasmus Students." Scientifica 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6354045.
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Introduction. Globalization of knowledge has emphasized the need to promote the adoption of international exchange programs in nursing. Nevertheless, the differences in cultural, educational, and structural schemes have challenged the mutual appraisal and understanding of the nursing curricula between countries. Research on nursing curricula should allow performing an analysis of different cultural idiosyncrasies in which educational and health institutions are found. These studies would contribute valuable information to the educative and organizational systems and their cultural variability.Objective. To examine the experiences of nursing students on international exchange programs.Methods. Comparative Education was taken as theoretical background. The clinical practice diaries of seven Spanish Nursing Erasmus students (a European international exchange program) were used as field journals. These students undertook their placements in the United Kingdom. A content analysis was carried out to find major themes.Results. Data extracted from the students clinical practice diaries indicated cultural, educational, and structural differences between countries. Most students reflected the hidden curriculum in their diaries, writing about affective, ideological, personal, and social elements and beliefs.Conclusions. The students’ experiences on international exchange programs were found to be sources of interest to clarify the ideological and cultural connections that underlie educational and health systems.
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Aldous, David E. "Perspectives on Horticultural Therapy in Australia." HortTechnology 10, no. 1 (January 2000): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.1.18.
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Human awareness of plants in Australia goes back 50,000 years when the aboriginal first began using plants to treat, clothe and feed themselves. The European influence came in 1778 with the First Fleet landing in New South Wales. Australia's earliest records of using horticulture for therapy and rehabilitation were in institutions for people with intellectual disabilities or who were incarcerated. Eventually, legislation created greater awareness in the government and community for the needs of persons with disabilities, and many worthwhile projects, programs and organizations were established or gained greater recognition. Horticultural therapy programs may be found in nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, adult training support services, hospitals, day centers, community centers and gardens, educational institutions, supported employment, and the prisons system. This article reviews the history and development of Australian horticulture as a therapy in the treatment of disabilities and social disadvantaged groups, and includes an overview of programs offered for special populations and of Australia's horticultural therapy associations. It also discusses opportunities for research, teaching and extension for horticultural therapy in Australia.
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Castro, Catarina F., and Manuel R. Barbosa. "International Student Mobility: An Empirical Study Based on FEUP Mechanical Engineering Data." Education Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11020036.
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Students are formal learners seeking documented and recognized tertiary education. Student mobility in higher education can be inward (into a country) or outward (out of a country). Both types of mobility are educational processes offering different experiences and resulting in different outcomes. At least half of MIEM (Integrated Mechanical Engineering master degree of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal) students are driven to seek different institutions and different societies outside their known environment. During the academic year 2019/20 one hundred and forty MIEM students were engaged on exchange mobility projects distributed among inward Portuguese universities and a large number of outward European and non-European programs. This report focuses on MIEM student exchange aiming to share collected data based on numbers and experiences. A developed questionnaire addressing exchange mobility benefits on student educational progression as well as on the foreseen future career was handled to all 2019/20 mobility students and the collected data are reported here. Results of the survey show that 90% of the responding students consider that the engaged exchange program will turn into a positive influence on their career and a short 10% did not appreciate the mobility experience.
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Walters, Suzan M., Bethany Coston, Alan Neaigus, Alexis V. Rivera, Lila Starbuck, Valentina Ramirez, Kathleen H. Reilly, and Sarah L. Braunstein. "The role of syringe exchange programs and sexual identity in awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for male persons who inject drugs." International Journal of Drug Policy 77 (March 2020): 102671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102671.
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Yezhova, Olha, Oleksandr Brizhatyi, Svitlana Korol, Dmytro Voropaiev, Olha Sytnyk, and Iryna Brizhata. "European experience of physical therapists training: Introduction of new master degree programs in Ukraine." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 5(136) (May 22, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.5(135).12.
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Improving the quality of education and training of future physical therapists in Ukraine is possible provided that the experience of the best European educational programs is taken into account. During 2018-2021, Ukraine is implementing the EU Erasmus + Program in the direction of KA2 ‒ "Cooperation for innovation and exchange of best practices ‒ Development of higher education potential" project "Innovative rehabilitation education in Ukraine: Introduction of new master degree programs in Ukraine (REHAB)". Among the participating partners are four representatives of higher education institutions of Ukraine and Europe.
The main goals of the project are: to increase the professional potential of teachers of domestic universities; creation of new resources for teaching, learning, assessment; creation of a special educational infrastructure necessary for the implementation of new master's programs in physical therapy.
At the first stage of the project implementation, own educational programs in physical therapy were analyzed and a comparative description with similar European educational programs was made. In the second and third stages of the project, an innovative educational environment was developed and created for the training of future physical therapists. Particular attention is paid to practice-oriented training of future physical therapists. Methodological support for conducting an objective structured clinical examination has been developed.
The results of this project at Sumy State University are: analysis and updating of the educational-professional program "Physical therapy" of the first (bachelor's) level of higher education; development of the project of the educational-scientific program "Physical therapy" of the second (master's) level of higher education; development of educational and methodological support of educational components of bachelor's and master's educational programs in physical therapy; development of three electronic courses for the educational-scientific program of the second (master's) level "Physical therapy"; development of methodological support for conducting an objective structured clinical examination in the specialty 227. "Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy"; creation of four rehabilitation educational and scientific laboratories and organization of the educational process on their basis; increasing the professional competence of all teachers of the Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Sports Medicine of SSU; participation of students in academic mobility activities, various forms of non-formal education within the project.
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Arize, Augustine Chuck, Ebere Ume Kalu, Chinwe Okoyeuzu, and John Malindretos. "Exchange rate and long-run price relationship in 19 selected European and LDCs." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 12, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-08-2018-0117.
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Purpose This study aims to make a comparative study of the applicability of the purchasing power parity (PPP) in selected less developing countries (LDCs) on one hand and European countries on the other hand. Design/methodology/approach The research design is empirical and ex post facto. This study uses an assortment of co-integration tests and error correction representation. The chosen approach allows for the consideration of long-run elasticities and the dynamics of the short-run adjustment of exchange rates to changes in domestic and foreign prices. Monthly data are used for the period 1980:1 through 2015:12 (i.e. 432 observations). Findings Results from long-run co-integration analysis, short-run error correction models and persistence profile analysis overwhelmingly confirm the validity of PPP in these two sets of countries regardless the disparity in their relative exchange rate and price characteristics. Research limitations/implications Curiously, several of these empirical studies and still many more, have focused their attention on the experiences of industrialized countries, with a few investigations devoted to LDCs. The evidence is even scarcer in Africa. Clearly, the acceptance of any hypothesis as a credible explanation of economic reality hinges on the robustness of the hypothesis across countries with different economic and institutional frameworks. Practical implications Knowledge of the extent to which exchange rate and relative prices can be linked in the long run is important for the design and management of inflation and the implementation of monetary policy. For instance, policy actions aimed at stabilizing the domestic economy can obtain results that are, at best, uncertain in the absence of correct characterization of the PPP dynamics. Moreover, structural and macroeconomic adjustment programs implemented in these countries to achieve economic growth and external competitiveness could be unsuccessful if flawed estimates of PPP exchange rates are retained. Originality/value Several empirical studies have been done to prove the validity or otherwise of the PPP. Unlike prior authors, this study makes a comparative study of the applicability of the PPP in selected LDC on one hand and European countries.
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Sánchez Domingo, Maria Belén. "The protection of personal data in the field of judicial cooperation in criminal matters: special reference to Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council." UNIO – EU Law Journal 5, no. 2 (July 2, 2019): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/unio.5.2.2295.
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The new European framework for the protection of personal data on freedom, security and justice is embodied, among other instruments, in EU Directive 2016/680 on the protection of natural persons with regards to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for criminal law purposes. This Directive protects fundamental rights, such as the right to the protection of personal data, as well as ensuring a high level of public security by facilitating the exchange of personal data between competent authorities within the Union, with the establishment of a legal system on the transfer of personal data.
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Askamovic, Dubravka, and Philip Genty. "An Examination of the Challenges, Successes and Setbacks for Clinical Legal Education in Eastern Europe." International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 20, no. 1 (July 8, 2014): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v20i1.15.
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<p>The authors first met in 2000, and have collaborated in conferences, workshops, and other projects since then. We also represent two sides of an international exchange that has frequently occurred in the past 15 years: a European law teacher who attends training sessions, networks with colleagues from other European universities, learns about American models of clinical education, and possibly receives some outside funding; and an American law teacher who is graciously hosted by Europeans, promotes American models of clinical education, and, one hopes, observes, listens and learns about the European system. We are also experienced teachers within our own universities and teach both clinics and more doctrinal courses. Finally we are friends and can be honest with each other.</p><p><br />After more than 10 years of working together, we wanted to take stock of the collaboration between American and European academics on issues of clinical education. We wanted to take a close look at what has happened in Central and Eastern Europe since the first “American invasion” of U.S. consultants and funding: what clinical programs were developed? Which ones survived after the consultants and funding left? Why did some programs survive and prosper, while others disappeared? What do the surviving models look like? </p><p>We also wanted to ask a series of more subjective and potentially sensitive questions: was the American influence ultimately helpful and productive? To the extent that it was not helpful, what have we learned about improving such cross-cultural international collaborations in the future? Have European law schools copied US models of clinical legal education, or have they developed their own models?</p><p>In the following sections we first discuss the history of clinical legal education in Central and Eastern Europe. We then focus on Croatia and Olomouc, Czech Republic, two examples of the ambitious but uneven development of clinical programs in Central and Eastern Europe. We next examine the experiences of clinical programs in countries of CEE and some of the challenges these programs have faced in achieving sustainability. We then use a comparison between the European and U.S. clinical program models as a lens for analyzing the experiences of the European programs and assessing the value of collaboration between European and U.S. clinical teachers. Finally, we offer some thoughts about the future of clinical legal education in Central and Eastern Europe.</p>
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Jakulevičienė, Lyra, and Mantas Bileišis. "EU Refugee Resettlement: Key Challenges of Expanding the Practice into New Member States." Baltic Journal of Law & Politics 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 93–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjlp-2016-0005.
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Abstract Refugee resettlement is not new to EU member states. But the EU only accounts for about 10 percent of resettlements globally. Before the 2015 European Council decisions to relocate about 160,000 persons from Italy and Greece only half of EU Member States participated in resettlement programs. Relocation of refugees has emerged as a new form of resettlement as an EU reaction to the growing refugee influx. It is likely to become a permanent part of Common European Asylum Policy. The refugee emergency has intensified discussions about the application of the solidarity principle to pressure member states not yet engaged in relocation to contribute to the joint efforts of the EU. But this has created serious political controversy in many of the new (eastern) member states. The article outlines key elements of refugee resettlement and relocation that have recently emerged in the EU and discusses the prerequisites for the sustainable use of this tool in an unfavorable political and unclear legal environment, with particular focus on new member states. The main goal of the article is to identify factors that need to be considered for the design of sustainable resettlement and relocation programs, considering the aspects of political salience, legal conditions, burden-sharing, and member states’ capacity. The case study of Lithuania presented in this article suggests that such programs need to be carefully considered and adequately funded as there are ample pitfalls which can quickly discredit the idea among the citizens.
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Brodskaya, Tatiana A., Nina I. Repina, Vera A. Nevzorova, Natalia G. Plekhova, and Valentin B. Shumatov. "Aortic stiffness and content of adipokines in the serum in persons of European and South Asian ethnic." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 93, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2021.04.200679.
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Aim. To evaluate the cardiovascular risk (CVR) based on arterial stiffness and content of adipokines in young-aged persons of different ethnicity (European and South Asian).
Materials and methods. 290 persons of European (Slavic) and South Asian (Korean) ethnicity aged from 19 to 49 years with and without arterial hypertension (AH) were examined. Clinical, anthropometric, laboratory examinations were performed, levels of resistin and adiponectin of blood were assessed. Total CVR was assessed by SCORE scale, patients under the age of 40 years were assessed by relative risk scale. Aortic stiffness was examined by non-invasive arteriography.
Results. Patients of European ethnicity had higher blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), levels of resistin and adiponectin. Pulse wave velocity in the aorta (PWVA) did not differ significantly in ethnic groups. According to the SCORE scale in individuals of the European and South Asian races in general groups and groups with arterial hypertension a moderate absolute risk was determined, in individuals under 40 years of age a moderate relative risk was determined without a significant difference between the groups. However increased levels of PWVA (more than 10 m/s) were registered more often in Korean ethnicity (46.9% compared to Slavic ethnicity, 22.2%). Closer reliable correlations between the level of BP and BMI, WC, PWVA were revealed in Korean ethnicity. Ethnic differences in correlation of adipokines in blood and their dependence on anthropometric and hemodynamic characteristics were described.
Conclusion. The assessment of CVR according to traditional scales does not always accurately represent its real level. New information was obtained on the features of adipokine metabolism and its connections with early manifestations of vascular remodeling in young-aged depending on the race. Taking into account ethnic differences, we recommend in-depth diagnostics of CVR in South Asians. The data can be useful for the design of personalized programs for the diagnostics and assessment of CVR.
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de Schutter, Olivier. "Fundamental Rights and the Transformation of Governance in the European Union." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 9 (2007): 133–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712802746777.
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It has been argued in many places, and in different forms, that the establishment between the EU Member States of an internal market, and now of an area of freedom, security and justice, requires the European Union to legislate in the field of fundamental rights, either in order to avoid a form of regulatory competition between the Member States or in order to ensure mutual trust allowing for mutual cooperation between judicial, police and administrative national authorities. ‘Negative integration’, in the form of the lowering of barriers to the movement of goods, services, persons and capital, or in the form of mutual recognition of judicial decisions or exchange of information between national authorities, should thus be followed with, or compensated by, ‘positive integration’, in the form of the setting of common standards applicable throughout the EU Member States. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, moreover, provides the baseline from which to act, since it represents a set of values which all the Member States have agreed to consider as fundamental. The question (so it would seem) is now that of implementing the Charter, by using the legal bases provided for in the treaties to the fullest extent possible.
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de Schutter, Olivier. "Fundamental Rights and the Transformation of Governance in the European Union." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 9 (2007): 133–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000002780.
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It has been argued in many places, and in different forms, that the establishment between the EU Member States of an internal market, and now of an area of freedom, security and justice, requires the European Union to legislate in the field of fundamental rights, either in order to avoid a form of regulatory competition between the Member States or in order to ensure mutual trust allowing for mutual cooperation between judicial, police and administrative national authorities. ‘Negative integration’, in the form of the lowering of barriers to the movement of goods, services, persons and capital, or in the form of mutual recognition of judicial decisions or exchange of information between national authorities, should thus be followed with, or compensated by, ‘positive integration’, in the form of the setting of common standards applicable throughout the EU Member States. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, moreover, provides the baseline from which to act, since it represents a set of values which all the Member States have agreed to consider as fundamental. The question (so it would seem) is now that of implementing the Charter, by using the legal bases provided for in the treaties to the fullest extent possible.
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Gulyabin, Konstantin. "Rehabilitation equipment." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 8 (July 27, 2020): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2008-06.
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Technical means of rehabilitation (TMR) include special devices and mechanisms are intended to compensate or completely eliminate persistent disabilities in individuals with limited physical and mental capabilities and aimed at normalizing physical and work activity. They include special means for self-care and care, means for orientation in space, devices for communication and information exchange, materials for training and education, as well as devices for engaging in work activities. Rehabilitation equipment also includes all types of prostheses, orthopedic shoes and special clothing, eye prostheses and hearing aids, special sports equipment and sport outfit, as well as mobility aids (wheelchairs). They all have a single purpose, which is to facilitate the daily life of handicapped people and people with disabilities. Provision of this category of persons with technical means of rehabilitation is carriedout on the basis of individual programs. Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ “On the Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation” guarantees free provision of technical rehabilitation means at the expense of the federal budget to the disabled people [6] in the Russian Federation.
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OTRADNOVA, OLESIA, OLEKSANDR DMYTRUK, and OLENA MOTUZENKO. "Human Rights of Senior People in Ukraine: Current Reality and European Perspectives." Право України, no. 2018/07 (2018): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.33498/louu-2018-07-205.
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The article aims to provide a survey of the current situation with human rights of senior people in Ukraine, based on the legal analysis and sociological overview. The questionnaire for the overview was built to show the level of seniors’ knowledge about their rights and possible ways of protection, level seniors’ human rights infringement and awareness about possible remedies in case of infringement. The sample of the sociological overview includes 1 379 persons. The interviews were done by students under the supervision of the authors of this paper in the framework of GRAGE Horizon 2020 project. Sample analysis and calibration resulted in 1 159 valid respondents’ forms. The Gender structure of the responses constitutes 39 % women and 61 % men. The group includes people from 60 years old and older, including long-livers (90+). Seven main questions were put to the interviewed: Do you know which rights and benefits do older persons have in Ukraine? Do you know any NGOs or societies, which deal with older person’s rights protection? Do you meet information about older person’s rights in newspapers or TV programs? Have you ever been discriminated on the basis of your age (in the sphere of employment, credits, insurance etc.)? Have you ever experienced physical or psychological violence because of your age (from your relatives, social workers, and other people)? Which rights of older persons are the most violated? Do you know where to appeal in your city in case of your (as older person) rights are violated? The results of such analysis are represented in diagrams and show the real picture of seniors’ rights protection in Ukraine and proper ways of its improvement. Two main rights of elderly which are the subject of violation are the right to proper material support (low level of pensions) and the right to medical care (low level of healthcare support). But one of the main problems of seniors’ rights protection in Ukraine is the low level of elderly knowledge about their rights, ways of protection and possible remedies in the case of infringement. The authors provide their view on the reforming approaches to increase the life level of elderly in Ukraine based on the current development of European practice and achievements of GRAGE Horizon 2020 project. This work was supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie (grant no. 645706 (Project GRAGE). This paper reflects only the authors’ view and the REA is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.
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Terzikhan, Natalie, Albert Hofman, Jaap Goudsmit, and Mohammad Arfan Ikram. "External validity of phase III trials on vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to a middle-aged and elderly Western European population." European Journal of Epidemiology 36, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-021-00729-5.
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AbstractInitial results from various phase-III trials on vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are promising. For proper translation of these results to clinical guidelines, it is essential to determine how well the general population is reflected in the study populations of these trials. This study was conducted among 7162 participants (age-range: 51–106 years; 58% women) from the Rotterdam Study. We quantified the proportion of participants that would be eligible for the nine ongoing phase-III trials. We further quantified the eligibility among participants at high risk to develop severe COVID-19. Since many trials were not explicit in their exclusion criterion with respect to ‘acute’ or ‘unstable preexisting’ diseases, we performed two analyses. First, we included all participants irrespective of this criterion. Second, we excluded persons with acute or ‘unstable preexisting’ diseases. 97% of 7162 participants was eligible for any trial with eligibility for separate trials ranging between 11–97%. For high-risk individuals the corresponding numbers were 96% for any trial with separate trials ranging from 5–96%. Importantly, considering persons ineligible due to ‘acute’ or ‘unstable pre-existing’ disease drastically dropped the eligibilities for all trials below 43% for the total population and below 36% for high-risk individuals. The eligibility for ongoing vaccine trials against SARS-CoV-2 can reduce by half depending on interpretation and application of a single unspecified exclusion criterion. This exclusion criterion in our study would especially affect the elderly and those with pre-existing morbidities. These findings thus indicate the difficulty as well as importance of developing clinical recommendations for vaccination and applying these to the appropriate target populations. This becomes especially paramount considering the fact that many countries worldwide have initiated their vaccination programs by first targeting the elderly and most vulnerable persons.
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Lutovac, Zoran. "Audiovisual content accessibility for persons with disabilities in the human rights framevork." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 159-160 (2016): 859–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1660859l.
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Accessibility of audiovisual content for people with disabilities is strongly related to the right of freedom of opinion and expression, right to the equal treatment and the right to freedom from discrimination. UN, Council of Europe and the European Union regulate the issue of accessibility, including the accessibility of information and communication technology, ICT, by a number of documents ? conventions, charters, directives, etc. However, the most important international instrument stressing this issue in the context of human rights is the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Enormous developments in the field of ICT open up a large scope of opportunities for persons with disabilities to have barrier-free access to the audiovisual content. Among other things, digital distribution should make the audiovisual content fully accessible to all. The legal framework of the Republic of Serbia regulating this issue in general is in line with European standards, however, the percentage of fully accessible audiovisual content is far below acceptable in Europe. Stronger obligations for private and public broadcasters to provide fully accessible media content, the introduction of quotas, giving new and more binding powers to telecom and media regulatory body, etc., are some of the ideas that, applied in Europe, had generated much better situation in the audiovisual area for people with sensory impairments. Without redefined and more binding obligations of broadcasters, without larger powers of regulatory bodies, which would mean the possibility of introducing sanctions for certain actions or lack of action of both public and private media services, at this level of social responsibility awareness, media service providers can always refer to the lack of technical and financial capacities in their response why they did not provide accessible content in their programs. Hence, only with great optimism it can be expected that audiovisual area in Serbia in the near future will be barrier-free in a more significant extent in order to finally achieve the goal of audiovisual world accessible to all.
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Sell, Jarrett, and Adam Visconti. "Harm Reduction: Assessing the Educational Needs of Family Medicine Residents in Care of Persons Who Inject Drugs." Family Medicine 52, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2020.443447.
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Background and Objectives: Rates of injection drug use and associated medical complications have increased, yet engagement of persons who inject drugs (PWID) in primary care is limited, with significant barriers to care. Family physicians play an important role in caring for PWID, but residency training is limited. This study aimed to assess role responsibility, self-efficacy, and attitudes of family medicine residents in caring for PWID. Methods: Using a cross sectional design, family medicine residents in 2018 at three different programs completed Likert and open-ended survey questions assessing role responsibility, self-efficacy, and attitudes in caring for PWID. Results: Fifty-five percent (41/76) of residents completed surveys. Residents consistently agreed it is their responsibility to provide comprehensive care for PWID, while being less confident in key elements of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT). The largest gap between responsibility and confidence was in referral to treatment. Resident confidence was lowest for harm reduction strategies: discussing clean needle practices, prescribing naloxone and referral to medication-assisted treatment or needle exchange programs. Less than 60% of residents agreed they are able to work with or understand PWID. Conclusions: This study identifies gaps between provider responsibility and current graduate medical education training. We identified training that increases screening, harm reduction practices, and referrals to community resources as needs. This baseline assessment of family medicine residents can be used to develop educational interventions to meet regional and national health needs for harm reduction for PWID and workforce development.
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Karpchuk, Nataliia. "European Union's Initiatives in the Struggle against the Propaganda of Terrorism." Humanitarian vision 6, no. 2 (November 25, 2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/shv2020.02.015.
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In the article, the author analyzes the EU initiatives that prevent radicalization, reduce the impact of destructive content, and increase public awareness and the ability to distinguish objective information from fakes and disinformation. The author emphasizes that the EU’s struggle against radicalization, extremism and terrorism is based on four “pillars”: 1) prevention, 2) protection, 3) persecution and 4) response. Each Member State develops its own prevention policy, but the Commission provides some regulatory framework for the exchange of experiences and good practices, so special attention is paid to the study of the Radicalization Awareness Network (RAN), which is an EU policy tool because it is aimed at developing programs of deradicalization and rehabilitation, assistance to teachers and youth in combating the causes of radicalization. The author argues that only the common efforts of the EU institutions, Member States, partner countries, media and technological organizations can effectively struggle against the propaganda of extremism and terrorism.
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Rovinskaya, T. "Political Ambitions of European “Pirates”." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2015): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-7-72-84.
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The paper thoroughly examines the ideological essence, political goals, structure, electoral achievements and international protest activities of the Pirate Movement, consisting of national Pirate Parties worldwide and the Pirate Parties International. The Pirate ideology arose in mid-2000s in response to information society biases, and is paying special attention to the freedom of non-commercial information exchange in the Internet, individual privacy, transparency of state politics and direct citizens' involvement with flexible Internet-tools (Liquid Democracy concept). This relatively new political force has made a vivid progress in electoral field within a short time (since 2006 till present). The representatives of the most successful Pirate Parties (in Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Switzerland, France, Spain, Croatia and Iceland) hold deputy's seats in municipal, regional, national and supranational state agencies, including the European Parliament. In many other countries of the world the "Pirates" are also registered officially and participate in elections; in some countries the Pirate Parties are active, though not yet registered. Except for electoral activity, the Pirate Parties organize joint protest campaigns against national laws/state programs and international agreements that violate the information freedom and civil rights (i.e. PRISM, ACTA). These campaigns also serve for unification and growth of the international Pirate Movement. The Pirate Parties have quickly transformed from populist groups into a political force aspiring to equitable participation in political process along with traditional political parties, challenging them in a certain way. The Pirate ideology will be in demand as long as it will give a resultative solution for specific problems of a post-industrial society in the context of democracy.
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Peebles, Gustav. "“A Very Eden of the Innate Rights of Man”? A Marxist Look at the European Union Treaties and Case Law." Law & Social Inquiry 22, no. 03 (1997): 581–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1997.tb01082.x.
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In this paper I approach the European Union Treaties (Rome and Maastricht) and the European Court of Justice's jurisprudence from a Marxist standpoint. I argue that the treaties and case law of the European Union (EU) revolve around the rights of things (commodities), rather than of people. People primarily gain rights within the EU by demonstrating that they embody exchange value and are therefore personified commodities; people are not accorded rights merely for being human. In essence, the treaties and case law have enshrined Marx's notion of commodity fetishism, which Marx asserted to be a social mystification, into transparent law. Focusing on the grand scheme of the treaties' jurisdiction in this manner also illuminates the role of the court as it struggles to balance the demands of capital's self-valorization with fundamental human rights. I then consider the consequences of this balancing act for the EU integration process. I argue that this phenomenon as a whole also carries implications for EU civil society and for notions of legal equality among persons.
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Cook, Sarah Sheets. "International Postgraduate Nursing Education Exchanges: Impossible?" Clinical Scholars Review 5, no. 1 (April 2012): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1939-2095.5.1.61.
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The possibility of meaningful international educational exchanges for nurses in postgraduate/postbasic nursing education programs might seem far-fetched. Scope of practice, registration issues and standards, even organization of schools and universities would seem difficult issues to overcome. In 2010, a consortium of some seven schools of nursing in the United States, Ireland, Portugal, Norway, Slovenia, Denmark, and Malta opened a dialogue about curricular meeting points in postgraduate nursing education. The evolution of the European Union and the Bologna Accords (European Commission, 2008) have created an environment where a search for curricular meeting points is possible. One such meeting point involved student exchanges. This article will explore the experience of two consortium member schools in developing and operationalizing an exchange.
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Folk, Reinhard. "Knotting the MECO Network." Entropy 23, no. 2 (January 24, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23020141.
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The Conferences of the Middle European Cooperation in Statistical Physics (MECO) were created as an attempt to establish and maintain an exchange between scientists in the fields of statistical and condensed matter physics from Western and Eastern countries, overcoming the hurdles of the Iron Curtain. Based on personal remembrance and historical resources, the genesis and further development of MECO meetings is described. The annual meetings were interrupted in 1991 by the Yugoslav War but were re-established in 1993 and continue today. Although the fall of the Iron Curtain and the European Research programs changed the situation for the meetings considerably, the ties created by MECO still are useful to help scientific exchange. The history of European (and not only) statistical physics and the history of the MECO are tightly intertwined. It started in a time where an essential breakthrough has been achieved in statistical physics describing the features near phase transitions. In addition to the merging of solid-state physics and field theory concepts, the application of numerical methods (Monte Carlo methods) added a new pillar besides exact solutions and experiments to check theoretical models. In the following, the scientific emphasis (in general) has changed from the traditional fields of the first MECO to complexity and interdisciplinary themes as well.
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Vinogradov, A. A. "Estimation of Impact of Quantitative Easing Policy on EUR/USD using behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate Model." Finance: Theory and Practice 23, no. 4 (August 22, 2019): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-4-117-128.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines the impact of the policy of the uSA quantitative easing and the euro area on the nominal EuR/ uSD exchange rate. After the economic crisis of 2008–2009, the policy of quantitative easing gained popularity among the world’s largest economies. The largest programs were implemented by the uS Federal Reserve (uS Federal Reserve System) and the European Central Bank (ECB). However, the impact of the actual purchase volume of securities on the EuR/uSD exchange rate within these policies has been little studied in modern literature. The author collected the data from 1999 to 2018 on the exchange rate, macroeconomic and market indicators, and calculated the monthly actual purchase volumes of securities under the asset purchase program of the united States and the euro area. The behavioral equilibrium exchange rate model was used. The linear model specification and the error correction model identified no significant impact of the ECB quantitative easing policy expressed in the actual purchase volume of securities. However, for some specifications, it has been proven that the increase in purchases of securities by the uS Federal Reserve leads to a weakening of the dollar against the euro. The cointegration test revealed a long-term dependence of the EuR/uSD exchange rate on the accumulated volumes of acquired assets. Thus, an increase in the purchase volume of securities led to a weakening of the dollar against the euro. The insignificant impact of the European Central Bank quantitative easing policy could have been caused by market expectations formed prior to the actual purchase of ECB securities in the market.
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Dоmina, Victoriia. "BILINGUALISM OF FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHER AS REQUIREMENT OF MODERN EUROPEAN HIGHER EDUCATION." Scientific journal of Khortytsia National Academy No. 1 (2019), no. 1 (2019): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51706/2707-3076-2019-1-10.
Full textAbstract:
Cultural globalization of different countries, extended social circle of future teachers, exchange programs, emigration, scientific and professional contacts with representatives of other cultures call for the need to study foreign languages. Current changes pose new pedagogical challenges for scholars in terms of instilling communication culture while preparing future teachers of foreign languages. The article studies the concept of bilingualism, bilingual communication culture and its specifics, scope and relations with other concepts. The author argues that bilingualism is an essential component of general communication culture of future teachers, crucial for them to exchange information and share experience by means of their mother and foreign tongues. Specifics of professional training for future foreign language teachers implies the need for bilingual communication, the effectiveness of which depends on the mastery of languages as well as ability to organize language interaction and communication skills. One possible way to develop bilingual communication culture in the process of preparing future foreign language teachers to their professional activity is engaging the model of developing linguistic and communication skills of bilinguality. It is this bilingual training system that allows students to perceive general aspects of communication culture and its fundamental principles, determins the specifics of bilingual communication and features of professionally oriented expression in the process of comprehending bilingual communication culture as a whole. Integration of languages and cultures contributes to identification, classification, organization and evaluation of objects of the world around us, facilitates adaptation to new cultural environment, helps organize and coordinate activities, encourage other participants of language groups to act correctly.