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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'European forests'

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1

Joly, François-Xavier. "Tree diversity and litter decomposition in European forests." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS215.

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Les écosystèmes forestiers jouent un rôle clé en régulant des cycles du carbone (C) et des nutriments et l’érosion en cours de la biodiversité peut affecter ces fonctions écosystémiques. Ces deux dernières décennies, un effort de recherche important a cherché à comprendre comment la biodiversité affecte la productivité primaire. Le processus inverse de minéralisation du C pendant la décomposition de la matière organique est en revanche beaucoup moins étudié. Dans cette thèse, j’ai cherché à démêler les différents mécanismes par lesquels la diversité des arbres et de leurs litières foliaires af
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2

Zhang, Rui. "Modelling carbon dioxide and water vapour over European forests." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10672.

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We tested several hypotheses which all link the carbon cycling in European forests using the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere model (SPA) and eddy covariance measurements from the CARBOEUROPE project. Firstly we run the model against flux data and obtained the optimised set of parameters for ten flux sites at a variety of climatic conditions. The inter-site model parameters are investigated to test whether the variations in parameters display a pattern which can be used in up-scaling of model application. It was found that maximum carbonylation rate (V<sub>cmax</sub>) displays a simple linear relationshi
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3

Clear, Jennifer. "Holocene fire and vegetation dynamics in the northern European forests." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/16593/.

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Fire has not always been so elusive in the northern European forest yet forest management and active fire suppression has created an ecosystem almost free of fire. This absence of fire is thought to have contributed to the widespread dominance of Picea abies as well as the decline in deciduous species and subsequent loss of floristic diversity. Forest fires in general are driven by a complex interplay between natural (climate, vegetation and topography) and anthropogenic disturbance and through palaeoecology we are able to explore spatio-temporal variability in the drivers of fire and changing
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4

Maringer, Janet [Verfasser], and Giselher [Akademischer Betreuer] Kaule. "Resistance and resilience of European beech forests (Fagus sylvatica L.) after forest fire / Janet Maringer ; Betreuer: Giselher Kaule." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1124465898/34.

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5

Guillemot, Joannès. "Productivity and carbon allocation in European forests : a process-based modelling approach." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112091/document.

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Les processus physiologiques déterminant la productivité forestière and l’allocation du carbone (C) entre les différents organes de l’arbre restent mal connus. La croissance forestière a longtemps été considérée comme limitée par le C, à travers un lien causal entre photosynthèse et croissance (contrôle de la croissance par la source de C). Ce paradigme C-centré est à l’origine des règles gouvernant l’allocation du C dans la plupart des modèles à base de processus (MBP). Cependant, le contrôle de la croissance forestière par la source de C a été remis en cause par un certain nombre d’études me
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6

Vogiatzis, Panteleimon. "Legal protection of forests in the European Community : towards enhancing climate change mitigation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627727.

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This thesis will investigate how law can assist in promoting the use of forestry as part of a climate change mitigation strategy. Forestry can contribute towards climate change mitigation through sequestration of carbon dioxide at intensified rates, thereby acting as a carbon sink. An analysis of the international law and policy demonstrates that there is global concern but very few concrete obligations. The focal points are the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as well as the Kyoto Protocol. The Protocol has legal effect, particularly in relation to reductions in gree
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7

Wambsganß, Janna [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Bauhus, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Scherer-Lorenzen. "Tree diversity effects on fine-root soil exploitation and decomposition in European forests." Freiburg : Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236550919/34.

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8

Wambsganss, Janna [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Bauhus, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Scherer-Lorenzen. "Tree diversity effects on fine-root soil exploitation and decomposition in European forests." Freiburg : Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236550919/34.

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9

Grossiord, Charlotte. "Impact of tree species diversity on water and carbon relations in European forests." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0155/document.

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La biodiversité favorise un grand nombre de fonctions et services écosystémiques des écosystèmes forestiers tels que la production de bois ou la résistance aux attaques d’insectes et aux maladies. Cependant l’impact de la diversité sur l’acquisition et l’utilisation de l’eau et du carbone reste largement méconnu dans ces écosystèmes. De plus, dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique, l’influence de la diversité sur la réponse des écosystèmes forestiers à des événements climatiques extrêmes tels que la sécheresse reste à étudier. L’objectif de ce travail est donc de déterminer l’impact
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10

Sjolund, M. Jennifer. "Interactions between natural and anthropogenic impacts on the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of European beech forests." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21657.

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The accurate assessment of forest persistence under environmental change is dependent on the fundamental understanding of the genetic consequences of human intervention and its comparison to that of natural processes, as declines in genetic diversity and changes in its structuring can compromise the adaptive ability of a population. The European beech, Fagus sylvatica, has experienced prolonged human impact over its 14 million ha range with contemporary forests harbouring high ecological, economic, and cultural value. Historical traditional management practices, such as coppicing and pollardin
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11

Eriksson, Gustav. "Granbarkborre (Ips typographus) och Skyddad skog : Orsakar skyddad natur granbarkborreangrepp i produktionsskog?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-187280.

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The aim of this report was to investigate whether the management of protected forests cause increased risk of infestation by the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) in production forests, and whether the risk of infestation in production forests is greater in the vicinity of protected forests. The survey was conducted by using GIS-data covering suspected attacks and forests that are susceptible to infestations. The proportion of infested forests in three different buffer zones located around the protected areas were compared. The results show no evidence suggesting that protected are
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12

Gillespie, Lauren. "Impact of tree diversity and climate change on soil microbial functioning in European forests along a latitudinal gradient." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG004.

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Les microorganismes du sol sont des acteurs principaux des cycles biogéochimiques terrestres car ils sont impliqués dans la séquestration du C dans les sols, la fertilité des sols ou l’émission de gaz à effet serre dans l’atmosphère. L’activité de ces microorganismes est fortement influencée par les caractéristiques des communautés des plantes, notamment leur abondance, composition et diversité. Cette influence des plantes est susceptible d’être modifiée par des conséquences du changement climatique comme par exemple des périodes de sécheresse qui sont prédites d’augmenter en fréquence dans l’
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13

Zharov, Alexey [Verfasser], Anton [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer, Susanne [Akademischer Betreuer] Winter, and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Pauleit. "European beech forests under Natura 2000 management / Alexey Zharov. Gutachter: Susanne Winter ; Anton Fischer ; Stephan Pauleit. Betreuer: Anton Fischer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1073970167/34.

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14

Hazell, Per. "Conservation and yield aspects of old European aspen Populus tremula L. in Swedish forestry /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5636-3.pdf.

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Heinken, Thilo, and Dorit Raudnitschka. "Do wild ungulates contribute to the dispersal of vascular plants in central European forests by epizoochory? A case study in NE Germany." Universität Potsdam, 2002. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/585/.

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The external dispersal ("epizoochory") of vascular plant diaspores (seeds and fruits) by roe deer and wild boar, i.e. the most common wild large mammals with a large home range in central Europe, was investigated in a 6.5-km² forest area in NE Germany dominated by mesic deciduous forests. The study involved brushing out the diaspores from the coats and hooves of 25 shot roe deer and nine wild boar. The results were compared with the forest vegetation of the study area. Whilst wild boar transported large amounts of various diaspores in the coat, the significance of roe deer for epizoochory was
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16

Glatthorn, Jonas [Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Leuschner, Christoph [Gutachter] Leuschner, Markus [Gutachter] Hauck, and Christoph [Gutachter] Kleinn. "Structure, Productivity and Carbon Storage of Primeval European Beech Forests / Jonas Glatthorn ; Gutachter: Christoph Leuschner, Markus Hauck, Christoph Kleinn ; Betreuer: Christoph Leuschner." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160753547/34.

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17

VERSACE, Soraya. "Influence of climatic variations and competitive interactions on the productivity of mountain forests in Italy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/97766.

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La crescita degli alberi è influenzata da molteplici fattori tra cui, il clima e i processi di competizione. I cambiamenti climatici hanno un forte impatto sulla crescita degli alberi e possono causare impatti negativi sulle foreste, soprattutto nel bacino del Mediterraneo. Tuttavia, la crescita degli alberi è influenzata anche dalle interazioni competitive. Per quantificare le interazioni competitive tra gli alberi vengono utilizzati indici di competizione, che normalmente sono calcolati su aree di piccole dimensioni. Prevedere le interazioni competitive su aree più estese può essere molto im
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18

Zimmermann, Jorma [Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Leuschner, Markus [Gutachter] Hauck, and Dulamsuren [Gutachter] Choimaa. "The imapct of drought and climate warming on Central European broad-leaved mixed forests / Jorma Zimmermann. Betreuer: Christoph Leuschner. Gutachter: Markus Hauck ; Dulamsuren Choimaa." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1111101027/34.

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19

Klarner, Bernhard [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Scheu, and Mark [Akademischer Betreuer] Maraun. "Changes in trophic structure of decomposer communities with land use in Central European temperate forests / Bernhard Klarner. Gutachter: Stefan Scheu ; Mark Maraun. Betreuer: Stefan Scheu." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1048219763/34.

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20

Attah, Alhassan. "A model for forest and product certification in Ghana : the perception and attitudes of forest enterprises in Ghana." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2011. http://bucks.collections.crest.ac.uk/10085/.

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Forest and product certification was initially promoted as a means of enhancing sustainable management of forests in the tropics. However after almost two decades, there is still very little evidence of certified timber products originating from tropical countries. A number of approaches have been suggested to enhance the growth of forest certification in the tropics. These approaches such as that of the Forest Stewardship Council, Global Forest Trade Network of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Sustainable Forest Initiative and various private sector initiatives have all failed to facilit
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21

Schäfer, Cynthia Margaretha [Verfasser], Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Pretzsch, Hans [Gutachter] Pretzsch, and Thorsten [Gutachter] Grams. "Tree growth reactions on drought in mixed versus pure forests of Norway spruce and European beech / Cynthia Margaretha Schäfer ; Gutachter: Hans Pretzsch, Thorsten Grams ; Betreuer: Hans Pretzsch." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199537632/34.

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22

Leidinger, Jan [Verfasser], Wolfgang W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weisser, Wolfgang W. [Gutachter] Weisser, and Jörg [Gutachter] Müller. "Biodiversity conservation in temperate European forests: the roles of management intensity and tree species composition / Jan Leidinger ; Gutachter: Wolfgang W. Weisser, Jörg Müller ; Betreuer: Wolfgang W. Weisser." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1226934323/34.

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23

Gießen, Lukas. "Ministerial conference on the protection of forests in Europe expert level meetings as a means to integrate the concept of 'public participation' into pan-European decision-making ; an evaluative approach /." Göttingen : GOEDOC, Dokumenten- und Publ.-Server der Georg-August-Univ. [u.a.], 2008. http://d-nb.info/990571777/34.

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Gießen, Lukas [Verfasser]. "Ministerial conference on the protection of forests in Europe : expert level meetings as a means to integrate the concept of 'public participation' into pan-European decision-making ; an evaluative approach / Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. Lukas Gießen." Göttingen : GOEDOC, Dokumenten- und Publ.-Server der Georg-August-Univ, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990571777/34.

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25

Rudebeck, Anna. "Factors affecting nitrification in European forest soils /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5879-X.pdf.

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26

Nawrot, Dorota Anna. "The phytochemistry of Eastern European forest species." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580314.

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This study was a part of the ForestSpecs FP7 EU project. The aim of this project was to utilize the readily available, large volume and low price wood residues from the wood processing industry. The first part of this work involved a comparative study of three extraction techniques, shaking, soxhlet and microwave assisted extraction. The microwave extraction was found to be the most suitable method, as it allowed the results to be achieved with reduced level of solvents, lower energy consumption and faster processing time. The phytochemical investigation of six forestry species: Pinus sylvestr
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BLANDINO, CRISTINA. "Comparative seed biology of European temperate forest herbs." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1215986.

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Herbaceous species of European ancient woodland understories are affected by land use and climate change. Their distribution can be at risk because of their poor capacity to colonize isolated forest patches. The objective of this thesis was to compare the regeneration strategies of those species, with a focus on their germination traits. A database of ancient woodland seed traits was created by reviewing published information for 208 indicator species. The database included seed germination traits, embryo:endosperm ratio and other traits related to the plant regeneration strategy. Field surve
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Mansikkasalo, Anna. "The European forest trade model : EU policy and the impact on forest raw material use /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2007. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2007/11/.

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Jones, Philip Scott. "Restoration of Juniperus excelsa Bieb. and Olea europaea L. subsp. africana (Mill.) P.S. Green woodlands in Eritrea." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25422.

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The research aim was to assess the vegetation and soils of the Rora /' Habab plateau, Eritrea and to develop methods of propagating the native tree species, juniper and olive. The research consisted of vegetation and soil surveys, interviews with local people, archival research, and experiments on propagation of olive and juniper. Junipers are now confined to the north of the plateau. Olives are more abundant in the north but have very few individuals in the centre, where there are many dead trees, or south. Soil erosion was ubiquitous and often severe. Soil morphology and nutrient status were
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Gorgun, Tugrul. "The Impact Of The European Union Upon European Identity." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604995/index.pdf.

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This study examines the making of the European identity concept under the impact of the European Union (EU) project. In order to define the structure of the European identity, theoretical and historical aspects have been scrutinised. Besides, the Eurobarometers (EBs) have been used to analyse the condition of European identity perception among the people of the member countries. The results of the EBs data show that the popularisation of the European identity is limited and the elite character of this identity seems dominant. The EU still lacks its common political identity, which forms a poli
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Liubachyna, Anna. "State forest management organizations in the EU: current performance and future trends." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423271.

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Public institutions own the greater proportion of the world’s forests and wooded areas —about 86%. In general, there are important regional variations of the proportion of state and private or municipal ownership. Recent European studies in the forestry sector show that nearly half of the European Union (EU) forests are publicly owned – around 42%. Considering the importance of forest resources, it is essential to ensure they are used sustainably. National governments and different agreements regulate use of forest resources; however, the actual manager has the greatest responsibility over t
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Adams, Marshall Alhassan. "Analysis of European Union Forest Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade Efficacy: A Multi-Scale Perspective." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch159006012650338.

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33

Carvalho, Rui Miguel da Costa. "Revenue forecast errors in the European Union." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6199.

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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e Financeira<br>The recent years had brought significant uncertainty to macroeconomic forecasts made not only by specialized international institutions but also by central governments. This dissertation assesses the determinants of revenue forecast errors for the EU-15 between 1999 and 2012, based on the forecasts published bi-annually by the European Commission. A particular important result obtained was that tax rate changes do affect revenue errors and that different tax changes affect differently revenue errors. Also, GDP errors, minority governments, electio
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Thompson, Lily. "Forest edges enhance mate-finding in the European gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/606.

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Understanding movement capabilities of individuals within a landscape is essential to identifying the effects of habitat boundaries on species abundances, ranges, and spread rates. Movement barriers due to habitat fragmentation may reduce mate-finding ability in some species, particularly in heterogeneous landscapes containing low-density populations. This study focuses on the effects of habitat type and edge on mate-finding in an invasive defoliator, the European gypsy moth. Adult European gypsy moth males locate mates by following pheromones released by flightless females. Reduced mate-findi
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Kirfel, Kristina [Verfasser], Christoph Akademischer Betreuer] Leuschner, Christoph [Gutachter] Leuschner, and Dirk [Gutachter] [Hölscher. "Belowground plasticity of European beech – Studies on the variability of beech fine root system size, structure, morphology, and anatomy, and on their impact on soil organic matter in the top- and subsoil of six beech forests with different bedrock types in Northern Germany / Kristina Kirfel ; Gutachter: Christoph Leuschner, Dirk Hölscher ; Betreuer: Christoph Leuschner." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177361795/34.

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Kirfel, Kristina Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Leuschner, Christoph [Gutachter] Leuschner, and Dirk [Gutachter] [Hölscher. "Belowground plasticity of European beech – Studies on the variability of beech fine root system size, structure, morphology, and anatomy, and on their impact on soil organic matter in the top- and subsoil of six beech forests with different bedrock types in Northern Germany / Kristina Kirfel ; Gutachter: Christoph Leuschner, Dirk Hölscher ; Betreuer: Christoph Leuschner." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177361795/34.

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Kubasiewicz, Laura M. "Monitoring European pine martens (Martes martes) in Scottish forested landscapes." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21913.

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Monitoring the distribution, abundance and demography of species is vital to ensure that conservation efforts are appropriate and effective. Monitoring enables evaluation of responses to natural or human disturbance, highlights the need for management interventions and enables these interventions to be assessed and refined. The methods used largely depend on the specific aim of monitoring and behaviour of the target species, as well as the time and spatial scale that monitoring is required to cover. The European pine marten (Martes martes) is one of few remaining mammalian predators native to
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Jonasson, Svante. "The European Commission´s macroeconomic forecasts : - A multidimensional accuracy evaluation." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-160440.

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Michalec, Jiri, and Pavel Strnad. "Present and future use of commercially important European hardwoods." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2120.

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Robinson, Stephen. "The European pine sawfly and its carabid predator : a spatial model." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267795.

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Lutz, Serge Gregory. "Pre-European settlement and present forest composition in Kings County, New Brunswick, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23820.pdf.

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Rougieux, Paul. "Modelling European Forest Products Consumption and Trade in a Context of Structural Change." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0004/document.

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Les forêts de l'Union Européenne croissent de 1.2 milliards de m³ par an. La moitié de ce volume reste en forêt. L'autre moitié alimente trois filières industrielles: la filière matériaux, la filière papiers et la filière énergie. Ces flux de produits industriels sont mis en mouvement et financés par divers consommateurs. Or depuis 2000, la consommation change de régime, au point de perturber fortement certains flux de bois et d'impacter l'emploi et la balance commerciale du secteur. Pour prévoir l'impact de ces changements, les économistes modélisent les relations entre l'offre de matières pr
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Cox, Filipa. "The mycorrhizas of Europe's pine forests in the context of nitrogen pollution." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6329.

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Most trees in temperate and boreal ecosystems form obligate associations with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, but environmental change may alter ECM communities, potentially having major impacts on forest ecosystem functioning. Understanding the potential consequences of environmental change requires knowledge about current ECM fungal distributions, both to provide a baseline against which to measure changes in communities, and to establish the effects of current broad-scale environmental gradients on mycorrhizal biogeography. This study aims to assess the feasibility of a continental-scale surve
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Sís, David. "The Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, and its Master programme European Forestry." Technische Universität Dresden, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34338.

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Mendel University in Bmo has a rich, 100 years old history. From the beginning two main faculties Agricultural Faculty and Forestry Faculty existed. During the following century, among others influenced by political developments, faculties were added or removed from the central core of agriculture and forestry. In 1995 this university adopted the name of Mendel University. Nowadays the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology is the center for forest, wood, furniture university education and research. There is rich cooperation with foreign faculties. At the faculty there is master study program
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Calias, Pangiotis. "Forest soil organic matter of a European transect : carbon mineralization in response to temperature." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363387.

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Ford, Tracey Elaine. "Tennessee tree nursery : from nineteenth century Northern European desire for nature to American industry." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23947.

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Gustienė, Dovilė. "Europos Sajungos valstybinio miško ukio teisinio reglamentavimo lyginamoji analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060822_150403-71173.

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The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the features of Legal regulations, governing National forest management of Member States of the European Union. The object of analyses was legal regulations in the following 17 countries of European Union: Ireland, Austria, Czech, Denmark, Great Britain, Estonia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Lithuania, France, Slovakia, Slovenia, Finland, Sweden and Germany. The following methods of analyses were used in the study: document analyses, comparative analyses, historical and logical methods. The result of the study shows that, Legal regulations
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48

Nucifora, Antonio M. D. "An assessment of the implications of agricultural land use trends in the European Union by 2020." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324281.

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Yao, Xuefei. "High Forest or Wood Pasture: A model of Large Herbivores' impact on European Lowland Vegetation." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Linköping University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57429.

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<p>Natural forest dynamics is a foundational topic of forest science. A new Wood Pasture hypothesis considering large herbivore as driving force in forest ecosystem is now challenging the traditional High Forest hypothesis, in which vegetation is regarded as main driving force. In this study, a model-based approach is applied to investigate differences between these two hypotheses and the determine factors in the system. A theoretical landscape of 1 km²formed by 100*100 cells is set up with 100 vegetation patches and free moving herbivores on. Our null hypothesis that herbivores
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Morawetz, J. "Agri-environmental and forest-environmental schemes: first steps of European Union policy in Czech Republic." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11703.

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