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Journal articles on the topic 'European Green Agreement'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wróbel, Izabela. "The ‘green’ agreement between the European Union and Japan." Stosunki Międzynarodowe – International Relations 2 (October 19, 2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/stomiedintrelat.17582.1.

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In the European Green Deal, the European Commission expressed its will to build alliances with European Union’s (EU) partners who have a similar approach to environmental protection. The first green alliance was concluded by the EU with Japan on 27 May 2021. The aim of the paper is to analyse the content and nature of this alliance and to assess its potential effectiveness as an instrument for the implementation of the European Green Deal and its possible impact on international relations and respectively EU, national, and international legal norms in the field of the environment. As shown in

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Wróbel, Izabela. "The ‘green’ agreement between the European Union and Japan." Stosunki Międzynarodowe – International Relations 2 (March 8, 2024): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/stomiedintrelat.17582.2.

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In the European Green Deal, the European Commission expressed its will to build alliances with European Union’s (EU) partners who have a similar approach to environmental protection. The first green alliance was concluded by the EU with Japan on 27 May 2021. The paper presents an analysis of the content and nature of this alliance, the aim of which is to assess its potential effectiveness as an instrument for the implementation of the European Green Deal and its possible impact on international relations and respectively EU, national, and international legal norms in the field of the environme

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Wang, Yitao. "The Impact of the EU Green New Deal on EU Climate Leadership." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 17 (May 5, 2022): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v17i.622.

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European Green Deal is a programmatic document for the EU to implement the Green New Deal and an important strategy launched by the EU in the field of climate governance. European Green Deal covers the EU's internal and external policies, covering important areas such as regulation, economy and energy, and is a comprehensive EU green development strategy. European Green Deal has promoted the implementation of the Green New Deal and improved the EU's climate leadership, but the implementation of the agreement has also encountered internal and external pressures. This paper takes European Green

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Garlytska, Diana. "GREEN ECONOMY CONSTRUCTION AS THE MAIN COMPONENT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF UKRAINE." Economic Analysis, no. 27(2) (2017): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2017.02.015.

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Introduction.The Association Agreement with the EU requires the Ukrainian financial and economic system to adapt to European standards in production and readiness for the future perspective of integration into the European market of emissions trading. Green economy construction in Ukraine and compliance with requirements of the Association Agreement determine the possibility of eurointegration of our state. Purpose. The aim of the article is to justify the need to build a green (low carbon) economy as an important prerequisite for the successful integration of Ukraine into the European Union.

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Schwarte, Christoph. "EU Climate Policy under the Paris Agreement." Climate Law 11, no. 2 (2021): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-11020002.

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Abstract The European Union has long sought to play a leadership role in the international response to climate change. As part of the “European Green Deal”, it announced new wide-ranging plans to step up its ambition, and in December 2020 updated its mitigation target under the Paris Agreement to an at-least 55 per cent reduction by 2030 compared to the 1990 level. In this article, I provide a legal analysis of the new EU climate change policy as outlined in the European Commission’s Stepping Up Europe’s 2030 Climate Ambition (September 2020) in light of the Paris Agreement itself and other no

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De Arriba-Sellier, Nathan. "Turning Gold Into Green: Green Finance In The Mandate Of European Financial Supervision." Common Market Law Review 58, Issue 4 (2021): 1097–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2021068.

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Following the Paris Agreement and pursuant to its objective of reordering financial flows to ensure climate change mitigation and adaptation, green finance has become a legislative priority for the European Union. This was illustrated by a unique, albeit limited, change in the mandate of the European Supervisory Authorities. This article takes this amendment as a starting point to discuss the responsibility of supervisory authorities in facing climate change. Despite clear limits stemming from Union law, a broad legal analysis sheds light on obligations for supervisory authorities across Europ

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Furuseth, Eivind. "The Green Transition: Tax Incentives and State Aid." Intertax 53, Issue 3 (2025): 222–33. https://doi.org/10.54648/taxi2025028.

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p class="MsoNormal"span lang="EN-US"The article analyses the EU and European Economic Area (EEA) Member States’ leeway under the state aid rules in Article 107 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and Article 61 EEA Agreement regarding the use of tax incentives to promote the green transition for which they currently have a more significant amount of discretion than before for doing so. There is an increased focus on the environment in the EU and the EEA, and the analysis proves that this would most likely entail that some tax incentives that would have been considered as unl

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Jin young Hwang. "The role of regional mechanisms in global environmental governance." International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive 8, no. 2 (2025): 062–73. https://doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2025.8.2.0038.

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The research examines how regional mechanisms contribute to worldwide environmental governance by studying their joint work with international agreements and frameworks. The Paris Agreement establishes broad environmental objectives although regional governance bodies create specific adaptable solutions for local environmental problems. Through examination of the European Union's governance system researchers demonstrate how the European Green Deal and EU Emissions Trading System establish sustainable standards and innovative practices in environmental management. This study evaluates the ASEA

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González, Gisela. "Sustainable development in the Eu-Mercosur agreement." Latin American Journal of European Studies 2, no. 2 (2022): 145–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51799/2763-8685v2n2005.

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Our research is based on the Chapter on Trade and Sustainable Development of the Strategic Association Agreement reached between MERCOSUR and the European Union (EU) in 2019, first of all we show history and a review of the normative bases of both integration schemes as well as the development they achieved in matters related to sustainable development. The objective of the work is study the difficulties and convenience of this agreement mainly for MERCOSUR in relation to economic development and sustainable development, with the possibility of changing the current production process in order

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Patakyová, Mária Terézia. "Greener Competition Law via New Guidelines on Horizontal Agreements (?)." Bratislava Law Review 7, no. 2 (2023): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2023.7.2.755.

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The protection of environment is mentioned already in the preamble of the Treaty on European Union, in the Maastricht Treaty version. The omnipresent climate change reminds us of the importance of this protection. Is it possible to take into account the protection of environment also during the application of competition law? If so, to what extent is this desirable? In order to answer these questions, the article focuses on horizontal agreements, namely the new Guidelines on Horizontal Agreements. After presenting the view on green horizontal agreements on the EU level, the article focuses on

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Schneider, Giulia. "ESG Data and EU Competition Enforcement: From ‘Green’ to ‘Digital’ Antitrust in Sustainable Markets." European Business Law Review 36, Issue 3 (2025): 449–94. https://doi.org/10.54648/eulr2025028.

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This study questions how ESG data arrangements among businesses, currently advanced by the European ESG regulations, stand to currently evolving European competition policy, as moved by the recalled “twin enforcement transition”. The analysis takes the emerging market of ESG data as a use case so as to contribute to the current evolutive perspectives of European competition enforcement vis à vis consolidating sustainability interests at several levels. First of all, the case of ESG data markets opens up new prospects for reflections about the interplay between European competition enforcement

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Echterhof, Thomas, Ko-Ichiro Ohno, and Ville-Valtteri Visuri. "Modeling and Simulation of Metallurgical Processes in Ironmaking and Steelmaking." Metals 12, no. 7 (2022): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12071185.

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The UN’s 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement, and the European Green Deal, among other goals, all aim to improve the sustainability of industrial production and reduce CO2 emissions [...]

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Kusuma, I. Nyoman Giri, and I. Gede Pasek Eka Wisanjaya. "GREEN BARRIERS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE: A POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION DEFORESTATION REGULATION IN REVIEW OF THE GATT TREATY." POLICY LAW NOTARY AND REGULATORY ISSUES (POLRI) 3, no. 4 (2024): 450–58. https://doi.org/10.55047/polri.v3i4.1449.

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The European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) is a regulation introduced by the European Union that aims to address deforestation and forest degradation by preventing the entry of products that contribute to deforestation into the European market. The existence of strict requirements for commodities imported into the EU market has been considered to create green trade barriers that contradict the principle of free trade. This research aims to examine the EUDR policy in the review of the GATT 1994 agreement specifically to understand more deeply the position of green trade barriers and the

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CHARNOVITZ, STEVE, and CAROLYN FISCHER. "Canada–Renewable Energy: Implications for WTO Law on Green and Not-So-Green Subsidies." World Trade Review 14, no. 2 (2015): 177–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745615000063.

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AbstractIn the first dispute on renewable energy to come to WTO dispute settlement, the domestic content requirement of Ontario's feed-in tariff was challenged as a discriminatory investment-related measure and as a prohibited import substitution subsidy. The Panel and Appellate Body agreed that Canada was violating the GATT and the TRIMS Agreement. But the SCM Article 3 claim by Japan and the European Union remains unadjudicated, because neither tribunal made a finding that the price guaranteed for electricity from renewable sources constitutes a ‘benefit’ pursuant to the SCM Agreement. Altho

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Sarkisian, Larysa. "Stimulation of Green Export in the Context of European Integration." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences, no. 5(38) (2020): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2663-1636.2020.5(38).56-66.

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Increased trade and economic cooperation between countries includes inter-state agreements on trade facilitation and the promotion of a wide range of cooperation. In the face of current global challenges, cooperation among countries is taking, inter alia, forms of integration processes, significantly transforming the established system of foreign economic relations and including in the agenda issues that are outside the traditional economic discourse. The environmental dimension of economic policy has become one of the cornerstones in determining conformity with the best international practice

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Yu, Chunling, Toru Morotomi, and Haiping Yu. "What Influences Adoption of Green Award Criteria in a Public Contract? An Empirical Analysis of 2018 European Public Procurement Contract Award Notices." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (2020): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031261.

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Green public procurement (GPP) is a policy tool aiming to achieve environmental protection and resource reservation via public procurement. After decades of adaptation, what promotes and hinders its uptake in public contracting remains difficult to discern. This research explores factors that influence the adoption of green award criteria, covering features of procurement procedures, purchasers, tenderers, and the business sectors through empirical analysis of Probit regression combined with a fixed term method. The data is contract award notices (CAN) from 33 countries in Europe in 2018. Our

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Arlyana Abubakar, Prayudhi Azwar, Riris Shanti, and Elsa Dyahpitaloka. "Green Taxonomy Standards across Jurisdictions: A systematic literature review approach." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 10, SI26 (2025): 29–37. https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v10isi26.6789.

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Since adopting the Paris Agreement in 1995, green financing and investment have broadly developed and made green taxonomy an essential foundation of a sustainable financial system. This study uses the systematic literature review approach to analyze and classify extant research on green taxonomy across jurisdictions. For the literature review, this study reviews 527 academic articles published between 2015 and 2022 from the Scopus databases and finds there are two pioneers in developing green taxonomy, they are the European Union and China, with their different approach. This study confirms th

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Davlatova, Guliza. "International Legal Initiatives and Mechanisms for Promoting Cross-Border Contract in the Green Economy and Sustainable Development." Uzbek Journal of Law and Digital Policy 3, no. 2 (2025): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.59022/ujldp.309.

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This article examines the main international programs and legislative frameworks that contribute to the development of a green economy. The UN, EU, World Bank, and other key institutions are prioritized. This article discusses worldwide legal and institutional cooperation that affects green and sustainable growth. Improved implementation, legislative improvements, and a transition to a low-carbon, resource-intensive economy are examples. In addition, the article analyzes the specific features of international agreements and conventions, such as the Paris Agreement, Agenda 2030 for Sustainable

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Maatsch, Aleksandra. "Ratification of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA): Towards A New Structure of Political Conflict?" Polish Political Science Review 10, no. 1 (2022): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppsr-2022-0002.

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Abstract Has the high-profile public opposition to recent EU trade agreements supplanted the traditional socio-economic pattern of competition in European trade policy with a value-driven one? This article draws on new data analysing the outcome of the ratification process of a mixed free trade agreement (CETA) in the European Parliament and in all national parliaments that have so far completed ratification. With help of a logistic regression model analysing the vote-outcome, this article demonstrates that despite high social salience, economic considerations remain prominent. Values (TAN-GAL

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REY, Radu, and Otilia MANTA. "GREEN FINANCING, SUPPORT TOOL FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE MOUNTAIN ECONOMY." Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on Economy, Law and Sociology 6, no. 1 (2023): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56082/annalsarscieco.2023.1.34.

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The concept of green financing has been widely publicized since 2019 and is associated with the European Green Agreement. Moreover, we estimate that by 2050, it will generate multiple financing models and innovative financial instruments supporting the economies of states globally, as well as all sectors of activity, including at the level of the mountain economy. At the same time, if until now we were used to the presence of environmentally friendly technologies in strategic development plans, now they are surpassed by the presence of green financing resources that impact all other categories

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Zinchenko, Olha, Viktoriia Redko, Vladyslav Iakovenko, and Irina Privarnikova. "Cluster analysis of the capitals of European countries by the “green” image indicators in the context of sustainable development." Environmental Economics 16, no. 2 (2025): 104–18. https://doi.org/10.21511/ee.16(2).2025.08.

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Ongoing urbanization presents significant environmental challenges, which can be addressed through targeted investments in green infrastructure. Such investments not only mitigate ecological impacts but also enhance a city’s brand value and attractiveness to investors and residents. This study evaluates how green infrastructure, along with environmental, social, and economic indicators, influences the formation of a “green” image of the capitals of European countries. The “green” image is conceptualized as the perception of a city as environmentally friendly and sustainable, increasing its app

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Tocelovska, Natalja, and Aleksandra Anna Meinerte. "The role of the Eu Green Bond Regulation in accelerating sustainable finance in the Baltic region." SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 1, no. 31 (2025): 48–56. https://doi.org/10.25143/socr.31.2025.1.48-56.

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The European Union (EU) Green Bond Regulation aims to further align private investments with the Paris Agreement, minimise greenwashing and enhance transparency, offering a robust framework for European Green Bonds. While the academic research actively explores green bonds as part of the investment portfolio or environmental, social and governance agenda, relatively less interest is dedicated to the regulatory challenges. The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of the EU Green Bond Regulation on the Baltic green bond market, focusing on its implications for market development, regulator

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Valiyeva, Irada, and Konul Garashli. "Environmental Policy and the Green Transition: Impact on Global Trade and Supply Chains." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 8, no. 1 (2025): 847–73. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080136.

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The study aimed to identify the main changes in international trade in the context of achieving carbon neutrality. The research methods included analysis of the legal framework, analysis of official sources of documents, and secondary analysis of relevant reports. The study findings demonstrated that the green transition is shaping changes in supply chains and global trade. Therefore, the commitments under the Paris Agreement formed a regulatory framework within the European Union that promotes the sustainable supply of critical materials for the green transition. In the European Union, the gr

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Hajiyeva, Kh. "THE LEGAL BASIS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC AND THE EUROPEAN UNION." Scientific heritage, no. 136 (May 7, 2024): 11–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11125093.

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The legal basis of the relations between the republics of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia and the European Union was established by the agreement on partnership and cooperation between the EU and the South Caucasus states, signed in Luxembourg on April 22, 1996. Although provisions related to political development, democracy and protection of human rights prevailed in the agreement, in general, the European Union did not hide that it gave the main priority to the economic sphere in relations with the South Caucasus. The Partnership and Cooperation Agreement consisted of 12 chapters, 105 articl

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Tkachuk, Olesia. "Europejski Zielony Ład, czyli jak Unia Europejska zamierza uczynić z Europy pierwszy neutralny kontynent dla klimatu?" Politeja 21, no. 1(88/1) (2024): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.20.2024.88.1.19.

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THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL, OR HOW DOES THE EUROPEAN UNION INTEND TO MAKE EUROPE THE FIRST CLIMATE-NEUTRAL CONTINENT? The research aim of the paper is to analyze the objectives of the European Union (EU) climate policy and the instruments for their implementation, as well as to present the challenges on the way to achieving climate neutrality by the EU. In 2015, during the 21st UN Climate Change Conference in Paris, an agreement was agreed, the purpose of which is to limit global warming, aiming, among other things, for limiting the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above p

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De Filippis, Fabrizio, and Giovanni Scarano. "The Kyoto Protocol and European energy policy." European View 9, no. 1 (2010): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12290-010-0121-7.

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During the lead up to and assessment of the Copenhagen Climate Conference in November 2009, the effects of the celebrated Kyoto Protocol were often overlooked. Although the aims of the Kyoto Protocol can be relegated to the dustbin of history, the targets set out in the agreement allowed Europe to put itself in a dominant position. Not only did the Kyoto Protocol force Europe to invest heavily in green technologies, but in addition it led to the creation of a European energy policy with the aim of reducing Europe's dependence on fossil fuels which can be seen, from a strategic point of view, a

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Nahorniak, Ivan. "Ukrainian Diplomacy and the EU: Going beyond Association." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XXII (2021): 621–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2021-31.

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In 2019, as a result of election processes, the political leadership of both Ukraine and the EU changed. The first diplomatic contacts of the newly elected leaders augured an ambitious agenda of bilateral relations. On his first visit to Brussels, President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy confirmed the irreversibility of the country’s course towards European and Euro-Atlantic integration and noted the essential role of the EU in supporting the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine. In turn, the newly elected European Commission led by Ursula von Der Leyen called itself a ‘geopolitica

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Öncel, Kadir, and Ender Mehmet Şahinkoç. "Türkiye in the Fight against Climate Change: Economic and Political Impacts of the European Green Deal." Journal of Eurasian Economies 4, no. 2 (2025): 35–44. https://doi.org/10.36880/j04.2.0145.

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Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns. These changes may be caused by natural events or human activities. Unfortunately, human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels, have been the main cause of climate change since the 1800s. To create a more livable and sustainable world, society has recognized the importance of addressing climate change and is attempting to prevent irreversible damage through various agreements. Our country's first step in the international fight against climate change was joining the United Nations Framework Convention o

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Smeets, Křístková Z., H.D. Cui, B. Rokicki, R. M'Barek, Meijl H. van, and K. Boysen-Urban. "European green bonds, carbon tax and crowding-out: The economic, social and environmental impacts of the EU's green investments under different financing scenarios." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 211 (January 9, 2025): 115330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115330.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> This study provides novel insights into the economic, social and environmental impacts of green energy investments in the European Union using MAGNET, a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy. MAGNET was extended to include sector-specific investment allocation, investment risk premiums adjustment, and technology learning effects to endogenize productivity growth in renewable and bioenergy sectors. In line with the proposals on climate neutrality and the Green Deal, the study simulates an increase in investments in renewable energy and bioeconomy se

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Zolkover, Andrii, Olena Lagovska, Volodymyr Valihura, Georgii Zhelef, and Tetiana Shynkar. "Assessing the Impact of Green Taxation Policies on Sustainable Growth." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 7, no. 3 (2024): s331—s348. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.0703ukr17.

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The experience of implementing "green" taxation in the financial processes of developed countries in the European Union encourages advanced companies to actively adapt their business strategies to the requirements of environmental taxes. Modern business giants actively invest in renewable energy sources, which helps reduce their negative environmental impact. The article carefully examines how a "green" taxation system affects sustainable development during rapid globalisation from 2020 to 2024. We reviewed the environmental taxes introduced in the world's most developed regions, such as the E

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Vezirishvili - Nozadze, Ketevan, and Mariam Kuchava. "Georgia - the crossroads of Europe and Asia - an important factor in the regional energy landscape." VECTORS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, no. 7 (April 18, 2024): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51895/vss7/vezirishvili/kuchava.

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Since independence, Georgia’s full-fledged integration into the European Union is not only the foreign policy goal of our country, but also the driving force for the construction and development of a democratic state. Georgia’s strategic location and possession of rich renewable, unconventional energy resources give us a unique chance to become a hub, a “middle corridor” and a conduit for “green energies”. Georgians are ready to use this opportunity for further alignment with the ambitious energy goals of the European Union and the “Green Agreement” of Europe. Our push towards the European Uni

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Crubellate, Julia, and Adriana Biller Aparicio. "ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES FROM A “GREEN” DEPUTY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: ANNA CAVAZZINI’S POINT OF VIEW." Revista de Ciências Jurídicas UEM 8, no. 1 (2025): e0008. https://doi.org/10.4025/rcj-uem.v8i1.74946.

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Society has never been as connected and globalized as it is today. Neither do its problems. For this reason, it is imperative that these issues are also tackled collectively. Using the deductive methodology, as well as an oral interview conducted with the member of the European Parliament, Deputy Anna Cavazzini, the present work seeks to analyze the social engagement through the social movement Right to Repair and the rescue of the discussion about the agreement between Mercosur and the European Union. It is concluded that citizens, especially the youth, have shown greater concern with the env

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Kosztowniak, Aneta Maria. "Global and European trends in the sustainable bond markets." Central European Review of Economics & Finance 45, no. 4A (2023): 49–65. https://doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2023.034.

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The implementation of climate policy requires the mobilisation of a huge amount of capital to realise the investments envisaged in accordance with the Paris Agreement. Financing these investments requires both public funds at the supranational level, state governments, local and regional governments as well as private funds, from individual investors. It is essential to allocate capital in sustainable investments that will show positive effects of a long-term nature. These requirements are met by bond issuance and its wide range of types. The aim of this paper is to present the differences in

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Pimonenko, Tetiana, Oleksii Lyulyov, Yevheniia Ziabina, and Tetiana Vasylyna. "Assesmeent of casual relationships between determinants of energy efficiency of the country in the context of the implementation of the European Green Deal Policy." Herald of Economics, no. 2 (August 10, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2021.02.080.

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Introduction. The growing interest in energy efficiency and energy dependence of countries stimulates the scientific community to explore and analyze the main determinants that influence changes in relevant processes. In particular, the generally accepted Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 include seven goals focused on available energy resources and energy efficiency through the development of green energy and clean technologies. In addition, in 2019, the EU and Ukraine began implementing the «European Green Agreement», which aimed to transition to a carbon-neutral economy and increase ene

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Kayakuş, Mehmet, Mustafa Terzioğlu, Dilşad Erdoğan, Selin Aygen Zetter, Onder Kabas, and Georgiana Moiceanu. "European Union 2030 Carbon Emission Target: The Case of Turkey." Sustainability 15, no. 17 (2023): 13025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151713025.

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Climate awareness caused by the threat of global warming is the number one agenda item for developed and developing economies. Plans developed in this context, environmentally friendly trends in economic activities, and countries’ efforts to adapt to sustainable development have enabled new road maps. The most important of these efforts is the Paris Climate Agreement signed in 2015 and the Green Deal implemented by the European Union (EU) within the framework of this agreement. In this study, the carbon emissions of Turkey, which has important trade relations with the EU, were estimated using

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WU, Dan. "Competition and Partnership in the Solar Photovoltaic Industry between China and the European Union." East Asian Policy 06, no. 03 (2014): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930514000300.

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The European Union's (EU) demand for clean energy has been boosting Chinese exports of green products, while the anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations of imports of Chinese solar panels by the EU in 2012 had dampened Chinese exports. The two parties are committed to resolving their trade disagreements instead of applying protectionist measures. A July 2013 agreement was reached for Chinese PV exporters to take a price undertaking and be subject to an export quota.

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Proroković, Dušan. "Europe's energy security and the conclusions of the UN climate change conferences: Between desire and possibilities." Srpska politička misao 90, no. 2 (2025): 51–72. https://doi.org/10.5937/spm90-57227.

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The energy transition is one of the most important strategic objectives of the European Union. Its implementation, primarily through the European Green Deal, not only strengthens energy security but also leads to the transformation of the entire economic system of the European Union. Focused on 2050, by which time it aims at completing this process and achieving climate neutrality, the EU seems to be paying less and less attention to the real problems and shortcomings that make the aforementioned strategy increasingly questionable. This paper draws attention to the real problems that exist in

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Shevchenko, Olena, Iuliia Tsyrfa, Natalia Serbina, Andrii Bozhkov, and Nataliia Bordun-Komar. "National strategies and international identity of EU, USA and China in the context of the fight against climate change." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (June 2025): 169–89. https://doi.org/10.3280/efe2025-001007.

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The purpose of the study is to establish the role of climate change threat in shaping national strategies and foreign policy relations of the actors in international relations. The methods of the study include document analysis of international agreements and national legislation, case studies, and comparative analysis in the context of differences in approaches to climate communication. The results of the study demonstrate that the rhetoric of European Union officials and aspects of European climate strategies position the EU as a leader in adapting to climate threats. Climate communications

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Zgara, Iryna. "GOVERNMENT MECHANISMS FOR IMPLEMENTING EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE." Economic scope, no. 198 (March 10, 2025): 42–46. https://doi.org/10.30838/ep.198.42-46.

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The article substantiates that the agricultural sector in Ukraine is a key element of the economy, which has significant potential for development and growth. The purpose of the article is to determine government mechanisms for sectoral European integration of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the context of sustainable development for the formation of strategic directions of the industry. The methodological basis of the research is made up of general scientific and special methods of understanding economic phenomena and mechanisms of public administration in modern world and national econ

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Roginko, Sergey Anatolyevich, and Sergey Nikolaevich Silvestrov. "Implementation of the Paris Agreement on Global Climate: European Carbon Blackmail of Russia and Possibilities of Countering It." Russian Economic Journal, no. 4 (October 4, 2021): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2021-4-77-93.

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The subject of the analysis is the EU initiative to introduce the so-called Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism developed within the framework of the «European Green Deal» adopted in 2019 and its possible impact on the Russian exporting industries. The author examines in detail the genesis of European initiatives in the field of border carbon tax, draws a parallel between the Border Carbon Correction Mechanism and the early EU initiatives on carbon taxation of flights of foreign airlines operating in airports of EU countries. Recommendations are given on possible measures to hedge risks associa

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Heredia Yzquierdo, F. Javier. "Artificial Intelligence and the Green Transition for 2030." icade. Revista de la Facultad de Derecho, no. 112 (December 13, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14422/icade.i112.y2021.007.

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The United Nations have developed the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as a global agreement aiming to eradicate extreme poverty, fight inequality and injustice and leave no one behind. Agreed by world leaders at the UN in 2015, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) succeed the well-known Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Parts of the Goals directly address environmental issues. Other do indirectly. In response to this growing awareness, the European Union has enacted a number of policies targeting environmental issues, including lowering carbon emissions and water conservation

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Savina, Natalia, and Maxim Grozykin. "Adaptation of International Energy Companies to Energy Transition and Decarbonization." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 4 (December 2024): 120–27. https://doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2024.4.12.

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The article analyzes the policy of international energy companies under the influence of the fourth energy transition. The main purpose of this article is to analyze measures that deal with carbon dioxide based on decarbonization of the entire production chain, as well as to indicate promising projects in the field of renewable energy aimed at achievement of the conditions of Paris Climate Agreement. Within the framework of the paper, differences in the policies of American and European companies in relation to renewable energy were identified and key projects to achieve a green economy were n

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Milto, Volodymyr, and Ilona Androshchuk. "The Key Challenges in the Field of Energy Saving in Ukraine in the Context of the Target Program of the Green Transition in the EU Countries." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences, no. 11(44) (2024): 350–58. https://doi.org/10.32515/2663-1636.2024.11(44).350-358.

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The paper is devoted to the key challenges in the field of energy saving in Ukraine in the context of the target program of the green transition in the EU countries. It was determined that the green transition and energy saving are important steps on the way to sustainable development, reducing the impact on the environment and ensuring energy security, as well as being one of the mandatory steps of Ukraine's membership in the European Union. The introduction of energy-saving measures is aimed at reducing dependence on energy imports, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and improving the countr

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Marín Durán, Gracia. "SHELTERING GOVERNMENT SUPPORT TO ‘GREEN’ ELECTRICITY: THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 67, no. 1 (2018): 129–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589317000537.

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AbstractSince the Canada – Renewable Energy (2013) dispute at the World Trade Organization (WTO), the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) has been the focal point of academic debate on the trade-environment interface, with a growing consensus that WTO subsidy rules need to be revisited with a view to securing ‘policy space’ for government support for renewable energy. This article explores whether, as suggested by some scholars, the European Union (EU)’s system of justifications for renewable energy aid could serve as a source of inspiration for the WTO. While this pro

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F., Müge ALGAN. "Green Governance: A Blessing or a Burden?" Uluslararası Akademik Birikim Dergisi 7, no. 4 (2024): 541–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13952415.

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<em>The magnitude of climate change problems and the inability of countries to address these problems have caused global actors to step in to find solutions. Thus, green governance has become a critical and widespread form of governance. The United Nations (UN) leads global efforts in the field of green governance with initiatives like United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, and Sustainable Development Goals. The European Union (EU) carries out initiatives such as The EU Green Deal, Taxonomy Regulation and sustainability legislation. Sustainabili

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Caravella, Serenella, Valeria Costantini, and Francesco Crespi. "Mission-Oriented Policies and Technological Sovereignty: The Case of Climate Mitigation Technologies." Energies 14, no. 20 (2021): 6854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206854.

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The rapid decarbonization of the global economy represents the main challenge for the next decades to combat climate change. The European Union (EU) is leading the negotiation process under the Paris Agreement and recently approved an ambitious unilateral mitigation strategy known as the European Green Deal (EGD). In this paper, we present a novel approach based on the analysis of patent data related to climate change and mitigation technologies (CCMTs) with the aim of describing the evolutionary pattern of the EU in green technology. Based on our analysis, two of our main results deserve atte

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Ćetković, Jasmina, Slobodan Lakić, Angelina Živković, Miloš Žarković, and Radoje Vujadinović. "Economic Analysis of Measures for GHG Emission Reduction." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (2021): 1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041712.

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The European Union, as a signatory to the Paris Agreement, has approached the action against greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change quite ambitiously, striving to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. Extension of the European Green Deal policy implementation to the Western Balkans can only increase the chances of the climate neutral agenda. Expectations from Montenegro in the coming period are transposable to other Western Balkans countries as they are urged to start implementing the Paris Agreement by establishing appropriate policies and measures. In this regard, this paper present

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Pelsa, Inese, and Signe Balina. "Main Priorities for a Green Deal Towards a Climate - Neutral Europe." European Integration Studies 1, no. 16 (2022): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.16.31331.

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In 2019, the European Commission (EC) issued a communication on the European Green Deal (EGD), which marked a major transformation of the national economy to ensure a Europe neutral in 2050. One of the biggest challenges today is climate change, which is leading to environmental problems. To reduce these threats and risks to the world and humanity, the UN adopted 2015 the Paris Agreement, the United Nations (UN) Framework Convention on Climate Change, which sets out actions to reduce the effects of climate change. In 2019, the EC issued a statement stating that the European Union (EU) would be

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Alekseev, Petr V. "Analysis of the Modern Climate Policy of the European Union." Теория и практика общественного развития, no. 10 (October 25, 2023): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2023.10.15.

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The world community’s major problem in the XXI century is associated with global warming. In order to address this issue, the Paris Climate Agreement was adopted in 2015. As part of the implementation of the Paris Agreement, on December 11, 2019, the European Union (EU) adopted the European Green Deal (EGD), providing for achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. On July 14, 2021, the EU adopted the climate program Fit for 55 aimed at implementing the EGD. On March 8, 2022, the EU adopted an ambitious strategy to stop importing fossil fuels from Russia and transition to renewable en

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Volchenko, Nataliia, Serhii Zhmakin, Roman Udovenko, Serhii Soldatkin, and Igor Soldatkin. "Combating Climate Change Through the International Law Perspective: The Role of the EU in Environmental Diplomacy." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 32, Issue 5 (2023): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2023016.

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The impacts of climate change extend to all countries and continents and have a cross-cutting effect on social, economic and ecological systems. Therefore, it is necessary to work together at the international level to effectively manage this problem. One effective method is to adopt a proper international legal framework. International legal regulation allows for the creation of common standards and rules that are followed by participating countries. The European Union is one of the most important actors in international cooperation on the environment and climate change. It has committed itse

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