Academic literature on the topic 'European history: c 1750 to c 1900'

AbstractThis article considers how depictions of the migrant poor in English landscape art changed between 1740 and 1900. A painting by Edward Haytley (1744) is used to illustrate some prevailing themes and representations of the rural poor in the early eighteenth century, with the labouring poor being shown ‘in their place’ socially and spatially. This is then contrasted with the signs of a restless and migrant poor which appear in a few of Gainsborough's paintings, culminating in the poverty-stricken roadside, mobile, vagrant and sometimes gypsy poor who are so salient and sympathetically depicted in George Morland's work between 1790 and 1804. While there were clearly British and European precedents for such imagery long before this period, it is argued here that English landscape art after about 1750, and especially from c. 1790, witnessed a marked upsurge of such restless and migrant imagery, which was related to institutional and demographic transformations in agrarian societies. By George Morland's death in 1804, ‘social realism’ had become firmly established in his imagery of the migrant poor, and this long predated the 1860s and 1870s which are normally associated with such a movement in British painting.

Michele Stephen; Desire, divine and demonic; Balinese mysticism in the paintings of I Ketut Budiana and I Gusti Nyoman Mirdiana (Andrea Acri) John Lynch (ed.); Issues in Austronesian historical phonology (Alexander Adelaar) Alfred W. McCoy; The politics of heroin; CIA complicity in the global drug trade (Greg Bankoff) Anthony Reid; An Indonesian frontier; Acehnese and other histories of Sumatra (Timothy P. Barnard) John G. Butcher; The closing of the frontier; A history of the maritime fisheries of Southeast Asia c. 1850-2000 (Peter Boomgaard) Francis Loh Kok Wah, Joakim Öjendal (eds); Southeast Asian responses to globalization; Restructuring governance and deepening democracy (Alexander Claver) I Wayan Arka; Balinese morpho-syntax: a lexical-functional approach (Adrian Clynes) Zaharani Ahmad; The phonology-morphology interface in Malay; An optimality theoretic account (Abigail C. Cohn) Michael C. Ewing; Grammar and inference in conversation; Identifying clause structure in spoken Javanese (Aone van Engelenhoven) Helen Creese; Women of the kakawin world; Marriage and sexuality in the Indic courts of Java and Bali (Amrit Gomperts) Ming Govaars; Dutch colonial education; The Chinese experience in Indonesia, 1900-1942 (Kees Groeneboer) Ernst van Veen, Leonard Blussé (eds); Rivalry and conflict; European traders and Asian trading networks in the 16th and 17th centuries (Hans Hägerdal) Holger Jebens; Pathways to heaven; Contesting mainline and fundamentalist Christianity in Papua New Guinea (Menno Hekker) Ota Atsushi; Changes of regime and social dynamics in West Java; Society, state and the outer world of Banten, 1750-1830 (Mason C. Hoadley) Richard McMillan; The British occupation of Indonesia 1945-1946; Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian Revolution (Russell Jones) H.Th. Bussemaker; Bersiap! Opstand in het paradijs; De Bersiapperiode op Java en Sumatra 1945-1946 (Russell Jones) Michael Heppell; Limbang anak Melaka and Enyan anak Usen, Iban art; Sexual selection and severed heads: weaving, sculpture, tattooing and other arts of the Iban of Borneo (Viktor T. King) John Roosa; Pretext for mass murder; The September 30th Movement and Suharto’s coup d’état in Indonesia (Gerry van Klinken) Vladimir Braginsky; The heritage of traditional Malay literature; A historical survey of genres, writings and literary views (Dick van der Meij) Joel Robbins, Holly Wardlow (eds); The making of global and local modernities in Melanesia; Humiliation, transformation and the nature of cultural change (Toon van Meijl) Kwee Hui Kian; The political economy of Java’s northeast coast c. 1740-1800; Elite synergy (Luc Nagtegaal) Charles A. Coppel (ed.); Violent conflicts in Indonesia; Analysis, representation, resolution (Gerben Nooteboom) Tom Therik; Wehali: the female land; Traditions of a Timorese ritual centre (Dianne van Oosterhout) Patricio N. Abinales, Donna J. Amoroso; State and society in the Philippines (Portia L. Reyes) Han ten Brummelhuis; King of the waters; Homan van der Heide and the origin of modern irrigation in Siam (Jeroen Rikkerink) Hotze Lont; Juggling money; Financial self-help organizations and social security in Yogyakarta (Dirk Steinwand) Henk Maier; We are playing relatives; A survey of Malay writing (Maya Sutedja-Liem) Hjorleifur Jonsson; Mien relations; Mountain people and state control in Thailand (Nicholas Tapp) Lee Hock Guan (ed.); Civil society in Southeast Asia (Bryan S. Turner) Jan Mrázek; Phenomenology of a puppet theatre; Contemplations on the art of Javanese wayang kulit (Sarah Weiss) Janet Steele; Wars within; The story of Tempo, an independent magazine in Soeharto’s Indonesia (Robert Wessing) REVIEW ESSAY Sean Turnell; Burma today Kyaw Yin Hlaing, Robert Taylor, Tin Maung Maung Than (eds); Myanmar; Beyond politics to societal imperatives Monique Skidmore (ed.); Burma at the turn of the 21st century Mya Than; Myanmar in ASEAN In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde no. 163 (2007) no: 1, Leiden

RESUMENLa presente investigación ahonda en el tratamiento integral de fuentes geohistóricas textuales. Está basada en la recuperación, el análisis y la apertura de nuevas fórmulas de conocimiento científico abiertas y extensivas a la sociedad global. Entre 1850 y 1940 se elaboran en España más de cuatrocientas obras médicas (geografías o topografías médicas), bajo influencia de las teorías higienistas en el urbanismo y la sociedad en su conjunto, que constituyen unas fuentes de información y documentación enormemente valiosas, y relativamente poco estudiadas, para el conocimiento de los espacios, urbanos y rurales, de la época. El uso del método hipotético-deductivo, modelo de amplia utilización en las ciencias geográficas y las humanidades, ha establecido como hipótesis fundamental que el paisaje y el territorio, y la información contenida en las obras médico-geográficas “Datos médico-topográficos de Ciudad Rodrigo” (1899) y “Datos para la geografía médica de Ciudad Rodrigo” (1920), se utilizarán como base para el análisis de la información que, a escala geográfica, aporta esta tipología documental, estableciendo una metodología para la extracción de información geográfica contenida en documentación histórica. Con ello, se pretende optimizar el uso de fuentes secundarias de conocimiento sobre el territorio y la sociedad, teniendo en cuenta la variedad y cantidad de información que se puede extraer de ellos, abriendo, a la vez, una vía de investigación que liga la salubridad del territorio y las estrategias para abordar problemas territoriales desde la geografía humana e histórica. Palabras clave: fuentes geohistóricas, topografías médicas, higienismo urbano, naturalismo terapéuticoTopónimos: Ciudad Rodrigo (Salamanca)Periodo: siglos xix y xx ABSTRACT This research delves into the comprehensive treatment of textual geohistorical sources based on the recovery, analysis and opening of new formulas of scientific knowledge open and extensive to global society. Between 1850 and 1940, more than four hundred medical works (medical geographies or topographies) were produced in Spain under the influence of hygienist theories in urban planning and constituting society a source of valuable information and documentation relatively little studied for the knowledge of the urban and rural spaces of the time. The use of the hypothetical-deductive method, a model widely used in geographical sciences and humanities, has established as a fundamental hypothesis that landscape and the territory and the information contained in the Medical-geographical works “Medical-topographical Data of Ciudad Rodrigo” (1899) and “Data for the Medical Geography of Ciudad Rodrigo” (1920), will be used as a basis for the analysis of the information that, on a geographical scale, provides this documentary typology and proposes a methodology for the extraction of geographic information contained in historical documentation. With this, it is intended to optimize the use of secondary sources of knowledge about the territory and society considering the variety and amount of information that can be extracted from them and opening, at the same time, a path of research that links health of the territory and the strategies to the approach territorial problems from the human and historical geography. Keywords: geohistorical sources, medical topographies, urban hygiene, therapeutic naturalismPlace names: Ciudad Rodrigo (Salamanca)Period: 19th and 20th centuries REFERENCIASArroyo Ilera, F. y Camarero Bullón, C., “Water for Madrid: The Problems of Water Supply in a Pre-industrial Capital”, en The History of Water Management in the Iberian Peninsula. Trends in the History of Science. Berlin, Birkhäuser, Cham, 2019, pp. 67- 88.Beattie, J. “Imperial landscapes of health: Place, plants and people between India and Australia, 1800´s‐1900´s”, Health and History, 14-1, (2012), pp. 100-120.Brügelmann, J. “Observations on the Process of Medicalization in Germany, 1770-1830, Based on Medical Topographies”, Réflexions historiques, 9 (1-2) (1982), pp. 131-149.Cárdenes, V., Ponce de León, M., Rodríguez, X. A., y Rubio-Ordóñez, A. “Roofing Slate Industry in Spain: History, Geology, and Geoheritage”, Geoheritage, vol. 11-1, (2019), pp.19-34.Casco Solis, J. “Las topografías médicas: revisión y cronología”, Asclepio, vol. LIII-1, (2001), pp. 213-244.Chías Navarro, P. y Abad Moreno, T., “La construcción del territorio: los puentes en Castilla y León”, en Historia de las obras públicas en Castilla y León: ingeniería, territorio y patrimonio. Madrid, Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, 2008, pp. 360-361. Chun, Y., Kwan, M.P. y Griffith, D.A. “Uncertainty and context in GIScience and geography: challenges in the era of geospatial big data”, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 32, (2019), pp. 12-24.Comelles, J.M. “The Role of Local Knowledge in Medical Practice: A Trans-historical Perspective”. Cult Med Psychiatry, 24, (2000), pp. 39-73.D’Onofrio R. y Trusiani E., “The Need for New Urban Planning for Healthy Cities: Reorienting Urban Planning Towards Healthy Public Policy”, en Urban Planning for Healthy European Cities. Berlin, Springer, Cham, 2018, pp. 31-41.García Juan, L. y Vallina Rodríguez, A. “SIG y bases de datos. Oportunidades y retos en la transición de los sistemas tradicionales al big data”, Espacio Tiempo y Forma Serie VI Geografía, 12, (2019), pp. 135-158.García Juan, L., “Ciudad Rodrigo: al servicio del rey para la defensa de la frontera portuguesa”, en El Catastro de Ensenada. Magna Averiguación Fiscal para alivio de los vasallos y mejor conocimiento de los reinos (1749-1756). Ciudad Rodrigo, 1750. Madrid, Dirección General del Catastro, 2019, pp. 62-119. Griffin, C. “Historical Geography of Environment”, en International Encyclopedia of Human Geography. Elsevier, Londres, 2019, pp. 169-174.Gurrutxaga, M. “Geografía de la salud: aplicaciones en la planificación territorial y urbana”, Estudios geográficos, 280-286, (2019), pp. 2-18.Huzui, A. E., Călin, I. y Pătru-Stupariu, I. “Spatial Pattern Analyses of Landscape using Multi-Temporal Data Sources”, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 14, (2012), pp. 98-110.Jepson, W. “Of soil, situation, and Salubrity: Medical topography and medical officers in early nineteenth‐century British India”, Historical Geography, 32, (2004), pp. 137-155.Jori, G. “El estadio de la salud y la enfermedad desde una perspectiva geográfica: temas, enfoques y métodos”, Biblio 3W Revista bibliográfica de geografía y ciencias sociales, Vol. XVIII, n.º 1029, 15 de junio de 2013.Kearns, K.A. y Joseph, A.E. “Space in its place: Developing the link in medical geography”, Social Science Medicine, vol. 37-6, (1993), pp. 711-717.Lorenzo Briega, A., “Geografía médica española: Datos médicos topográficos de Ciudad Rodrigo”. Ciudad Rodrigo: Imp. de la Vda. e Hijos de Cuadrado, 1899, 102 pp. Oosterom, J. “The importance of hygiene in modern society”, International Biodeterioration Biodegradation, Volume 41, Issues 3–4, (1998), pp. 185-189.Parr, H. “Medical geography: critical medical and health geography?”, Progress in Human Geography, 22-2, (2004), pp. 246-257.Piovan S.E. “The Geohistorical Approach in Environmental and Territorial Studies”, en The Geohistorical Approach. Berlin, Springer Geography, 2020, pp. 5-37. Porras Galló, M. I. “Luchando contra una de las causas de invalidez: antecedentes, contexto sanitario, gestación y aplicación del decreto de vacunación obligatoria contra la viruela de 1903”. Asclepio, vol. LVI-1 (2004), pp. 145- 168.Prats, L. “La Catalunya rància les condicions de vida materials de les classes populars a la Catalunya de la Restauració segons les topografies mèdiques”. Barcelona, Ed. Alta Fulla, 1996.Sánchez Manzano, M., “Datos para la geografía médica de Ciudad Rodrigo”. Ciudad Rodrigo: Imp. De Vicente Cuadrado, 1929, 118 pp. Smyth, F. “Medical geography: understanding health inequalities”, Progress in Human Geography, 32-1 (2008), pp. 119-127.Urteaga, L. “La teoría de los climas y los orígenes del ambientalismo”, Geo Crítica, 99, (1993), pp. 5-55.— “Higienismo y ambientalismo en la medicina decimonónica”, Dynamis, V-VI, (1985), pp. 417- 425.— “Miseria, miasmas y microbios: Las topografías médicas y el estudio del medio ambiente en el siglo xix”, Geo Crítica, 5-29, (1890), pp.1-40.Vallina Rodríguez, A. “La provincia de Salamanca en el siglo xviii”, en El Catastro de Ensenada. Magna averiguación fiscal para alivio de los vasallos y mejor conocimiento de los reinos (1749-1756): Ciudad Rodrigo 1750. Dirección General de Catastro. Ministerio de Hacienda y Función Pública, 2019, pp. 48- 61.Vallina Rodríguez, A. Macedo Ruiz, E. C. y Camarero Bullón, C. “Medical Topographies: Sources for the Evolutionary Study of Territory and Landscape”, Human Geographies, 14-1 (2020), pp. 21-38.

AbstractBetween c.1350 and c.1750 a small group of professional hereditary physicians served the Gaelic communities of Ireland and Scotland. Over fifty medical kindreds provided advice regarding health maintenance and treatment with herbs and surgery. Their medical knowledge was derived from Gaelic translations of medieval European Latin medical texts grounded in the classical works of Hippocrates and Galen, and the Arab world. Students studied in medical schools where they copied and compiled medical texts in Irish, some for use as handbooks. Over 100 texts are extant. Political upheaval and scientific advances led to the eclipse of this medical world. Through examination of the Gaelic medical manuscripts and other sources this article provides an assessment of medicine in Gaelic Ireland and Scotland from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-eighteenth centuries.

RESUMENMiguel Archer forma parte del enorme contingente de exiliados que dejaron Irlanda durante el siglo xviii y se establecieron a comienzos de la centuria en la villa de Bilbao. Junto a su mujer, María Geraldino –también irlandesa–, crio una próspera y exitosa familia, al tiempo que se posicionaba sólidamente en el comercio y la sociedad bilbaína. Archer trabajó en múltiples ámbitos para el Consulado de Bilbao, vínculo que su hijo Miguel hizo perdurar y engrandecer durante años. El padre ejerció durante más de 30 años como arqueador y corredor de navíos en el puerto bilbaíno, cargo que fue legándose sucesivamente a través de varios miembros de la familia. El hijo fue designado maestro de la recién creada y pionera Escuela de Náutica de Bilbao –que años después le propiciaría el nombramiento como capitán de fragata–, así como toda una suerte de comisiones relacionadas con la ingeniería civil –en muchos casos de gran relevancia– que las instituciones vizcaínas precisaban. Sin embargo, en lo más alto de los logros que la familia había alcanzado, en 1752 las calamidades comenzaron a recaer sobre los Archer-Geraldino en una sucesión de tragedias que acabarían con la casi totalidad de la familia en unos pocos años. Palabras clave: Archer, Geraldino, Consulado de Bilbao, corredor de navíosTopónimos: Bilbao, IrlandaPeríodo: siglo xviii ABSTRACTMiguel Archer is part of the huge number of exiled Catholics that were forced to leave Ireland during the early modern period. He settled in Bilbao in the early 18th century, where he married Maria Geraldino, also an Irishwoman, and both raised a prosperous and successful family whereas Archer took hold in the trade and society of Bilbao. He worked for the Consulate of Bilbao in different ways; and likewise the link was preserved and enlarged by his son Miguel. The father acted as a ship tonnage surveyor and sworn translator –successively bequeathed to other relatives– in the port of Bilbao for more than thirty years. The son was nominated lecturer of the newly created and pioneer Navigation School of Bilbao –lately enabling his appointment as navy commander in Spanish Armada– as well as many commissions related to civil engineering issues very relevant for the Biscayan public bodies. Nevertheless, in the summit of the family achievements, in 1752 a series of misfortunes arose to the Archer-Geraldinos and they were nearly extinguished as a result of a succession of tragedies in very few years. Keywords: Archer, FitzGerald/Geraldine, Consulate of Bilbao, sworn translatorPlace name: Bilbao, IrelandPeriod: 18th century REFERENCIASBilbao Acedos, A. (1999): “Los Irlandeses y el sector del curtido en Bizkaia en el siglo xviii”, Bidebarrieta, 4, pp. 295-309.— (2004): Los irlandeses de Bizkaia “Los chiguiris”. Siglo xviii, Bilbao, Fundación BBK.Binasco, M. (2018): Rome and Irish Catholicism in the Atlantic World, 1622-1908, London, Palgrave Macmillan.Cagigal Montalbán, E. (2019): “La presencia irlandesa en Bizkaia a través de los registros parroquiales (siglos xvii-xviii)”, Revista de Demografía Histórica, 37 (1), pp. 15-46.— (2020a): “Los irlandeses en los pleitos de hidalguía del Señorío de Bizkaia. Estudio comparado de fuentes”, Revista de Historia Moderna. Anales de la Universidad de Alicante, 38, pp. 255-291.— (2020b): “Miguel Archer: Desmontando el mito, aumentando el mito”, Vasconia, 44, pp. 65-91.Canny, N. (2021): “How the local can be global and the global local: Ireland, Irish Catholics and European Overseas Empires, 1500-1900”, en P. Griffin y F. D. Cogliano (eds.), Ireland and America: Empire, Revolution, and Sovereignty, Chalottesville, University of Virginia Press, pp. 23-52.Chauca García, J. (2019): De comerciante a gobernante: Ambrosio O’Higgins virrey del Perú, 1796-1801, Madrid, Ediciones Sílex.Crooks, P. y Duffy, S. (eds.) (2017): The Geraldines and Medieval Ireland: The Making of a Myth, Dublin, Four Courts Press.Cullen, L. M. (1994): “The Irish Diaspora of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries”, en N. Canny (ed.), Europeans on the Move: Studies on European Migration 1500-1800, Oxford, Clarendon Press, pp. 113-149.Dickson, D., Parmentier, J. y Ohlmeyer, J. H. (eds.) (2007): Irish and Scottish Mercantile Networks in Europe and Overseas in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, Gent, Academia Press.Downey, D. M. y Crespo MacLennan, J. (coords.) (2008): Spanish-Irish Relations Through the Ages, Dublin, Four Court Press.Egiluz Romero, M. A. (2006): La historia ignorada. Una visión sobre el papel de las mujeres en la vida pública de Hernani. (siglos xvi-xix), Hernani, Hernaniko udala-Hernaniko Berdintasun Kontseilua.Fannin, S. (2013): “Spanish Archives of Primary Source Material: Part II”, The Irish Genealogist, 13 (4), pp. 288-310.García Hernán, E. (2006): “Irish clerics in Madrid, 1598-1665”, en T. O’Connor y M. A. Lyons (eds.), Irish communities in early modern Europe, Dublin, Four Court Press, pp. 267-293.—(2009): Ireland and Spain in the Reign of Philip II, Dublin, Four Court Press.García Hernán, E. y Pérez Tostado, I. (eds.) (2010): Irlanda y el Atlántico Ibérico. Movilidad, participación e intercambio cultural, Valencia, Albatros Ediciones.García Hernán, E. y Lario de Oñate, M. C. (eds.) (2013): La presencia irlandesa durante las Cortes de Cádiz en España y América, 1812, Valencia, Albatros Ediciones.Guiard Larrauri, T. (1972): Historia del Consulado y Casa de Contratación de la villa de Bilbao, Bilbao, La Gran Enciclopedia Vasca, vols. 1 y 2.Larrea Sagarmínaga, M. Á. y Labayru y Goicoechea, E. J. (1974): Historia general del señorío de Bizcaya: Caminos de Vizcaya en la segunda mitad del siglo xviii, Bilbao, La Gran Enciclopedia Vasca.Llombart, J. y Hormigón, M. (1990): “Un libro de texto de la Escuela de Náutica de Bilbao en el siglo xviii”, en R. Codina y R. M. Llobera (coords.), Història, Ciencia i Ensenyament, Barcelona, Sociedad Española de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Técnicas, pp. 439-451.Martin, F. X. Rev. (O.S.A.) (1949): “The Rosseters of Rathmacknee castle. Part I”, The Past: The Organ of the Uí Cinsealaigh Historical Society, 5, pp. 103-116.— (1950): “The Rosseters of Rathmacknee castle. Part II”, The Past: The Organ of the Uí Cinsealaigh Historical Society, 6, pp. 13-44.“Memoria sobre el progreso y adelanto de las obras de mejora de la ría de Bilbao” (1881), Revista de Obras Públicas, 18, pp. 209-214.O’Connor, T. y Lyons, M. A. (eds.) (2003): Irish migrants in Europe after Kinsale, 1602-1820, Dublin, Four Court Press.— (2006): Irish communities in early modern Europe, Dublin, Four Court Press.O’Connor, T. (ed.) (2001): The Irish in Europe, 1580-1815, Dublin, Four Courts Press.— (2016): Irish Voices from the Spanish Inquisition. Migrants, Converts and Brokers in Early Modern Iberia, London, Palgrave-Macmillan.Ordenanzas de la ilustre Universidad y Casa de Contratacion de la M.N. y M.L. villa de Bilbao (1869), Bilbao, Casa de contratación, Librería de Rosa y Bouret.O’Scea, C. (2010): “From Munster to La Coruña across the Celtic Sea: emigration, assimilation, and acculturation in the Kingdom of Galicia (1601-40)”, Obradoiro de historia moderna, 19, pp. 9-38.Pedone, C. (2010): “Cadenas y redes migratorias. Propuesta metodológica para el análisis diacrónico-temporal de los procesos migratorios”, Empiria: Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales, 19, pp. 101-132.Pérez Tostado, I. (2008): Irish Influence at the Court of Spain in the Seventeenth Century, Dublin, Four Court Press.Pérez Tostado, I. y Downey, D. M. (eds.) (2020): Ireland and the Iberian Atlantic: migration, military and material culture, Valencia, Albatros Ediciones.Recio Morales, Ó. (2010): Ireland and the Spanish Empire, 1600-1825, Dublin, Four Courts Press.— (ed.) (2012): Redes de nación y espacios de poder: la comunidad irlandesa en España y América española, 1600-1825, Valencia/Madrid, Albatros Ediciones/ Ministerio de Defensa.— (2020): Alejandro O’Reilly, Inspector General: poder militar, familia y territorio en el reinado de Carlos III, Madrid, Ediciones Sílex.Rivera Medina, A. M. (1998): “Paisaje naval, construcción y agentes sociales en Vizcaya desde el medioevo a la modernidad”, Itsas memoria: revista de estudios marítimos del País Vasco, 2, pp. 49-92.Santoyo, J. C. (2003): “Un quehacer olvidado: los intérpretes-traductores de navíos”, Quaderns de filología. Estudis lingüístic, 8, pp. 1-21.Silke, J. J. (1976): “The Irish abroad, 1534-1691”, en T. W. Moody, F. X. Martin y F. J. Byrne (eds.), A new history of Ireland, vol. 3: Early modern Ireland, 1534-1691, Oxford, Clarendon Press, pp. 587-633.Simms, J. G. (1986): “The Irish on the Continent, 1691-1800”, en T. W. Moody y W. E. Vaughan (eds.), A New History of Ireland, IV: Eighteenth Century Ireland, 1691-1800, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 629-656.Téllez Alarcia, D. (2012): El ministerio Wall: la “España discreta” del “ministro olvidado”, Madrid, Marcial Pons Historia.Villar García, M. B. (coord.) (2000): La emigración irlandesa en el siglo xviii, Málaga, Universidad de Málaga.Worthington, D. (2010): British and Irish Emigrants and Exiles in Europe: 1603-1688, Leiden-Boston, Brill.

AbstractAlthough Naples was one of Europe’s largest cities (after London and Paris), studies of the management of its water supply during the early modern period are sorely lacking, despite growing interest in the subject at both an Italian and European level. Naples was perhaps unique in relying on a vast and tortuous underground network of reservoirs, cisterns, channels and conduits, accessed by well shafts, all fed by an ancient aqueduct. The present study outlines and evaluates the Neapolitan water supply as it existed in the period, analysing the archival records of the municipal tribunal responsible for the city’s infrastructure, the ‘Tribunale della Fortificazione, Acqua e Mattonata’, and its various ‘Appuntamenti’ (proposals), ‘Conclusioni’ (decisions) and edicts. This is interwoven with reference to pertinent printed accounts, from contemporary guide books to medical regimens and health manuals. We examine both water quantity, in terms of availability and accessibility (by looking at the structure and its management, and the technicians responsible for its maintenance) and water quality (by looking at contemporary attitudes and perceptions). In the process we are able to question the widespread view of early modern Naples as chaotic and uncontrolled, governed by a weak public authority, as well as widely held assumptions about the “inertia” of the pre-modern hydro-social system more generally.

Abstract (The year 1453, when the Turks took Constantinople, conventionally marks the close of medieval and the beginning of modern European history and, just as that date straddles the medieval and the modern, so did the institutions of the Ottoman Empire. The date is a reminder that this reached its peak a good century or more before Tokugawa Japan and Ch’ing China. As the last two chapters have indicated, the heyday of the Tokugawa regime lay c.1710 and that of Ch’ing China around, perhaps, 1750; but by either of these two dates the classical and highly effective institutions of the Ottoman Empire had disappeared, its central government had lost grip over its local officials, and its territorial expansion had not only been halted but turned back.

“Identity, Agency, Motion: Taylor’s Twelvepence and the Poetry of Commodity” examines John Taylor’s 1621 curious poem A Shilling or, the Travailes of Twelve-pence as a record of one keen observer’s attempt to grapple with the rapidly changing social and economic dimensions of seventeenth century London. The essay argues that as the poem re-imagines the shilling as a person with a life history and agency of its own, it bears witness to a human world increasingly defined by relations with money and marked by the weakening of social ties (exemplified by the slavery that haunts the twelvepence’s travels). The humanizing and centring of the coin provokes a dehumanizing and de-centring of its human servants, including the poet himself.

Housing form and city form: Urban morphology and local identityKeywords (3-5): Building type, urban morphology, Valencia, housing, house floor-plan design This paper aims to analyse the processes of typological evolution of residential buildings in Valencia as a way to outline an 'affiliation' within the city's housing types, capable of endowing a local identity profile beyond European influences that began to generalise from mid-XIX century. The residential fabric of Valencia maintained a certain continuity/ intelligibility in its morphological evolution until the 1970s, in which the development of the 1966 PG marked a turning point, with the progressive incorporation of "modern" forms of housing, vaguely related to the diffusion of CIAM architectural principles. Nevertheless, a most substantial part of the city fabric, amounting to two-thirds of all residential buildings, was built before the 1966 PG, and therefore away from 'modern' housing practices. Most of this fabric, corresponding to neighbourhoods resulting from urban extension projects starting in the second half of the nineteenth century, is made out of serially-aggregated, multi-family buildings or 'houses of flats', forming perimeter blocks, whose profile still characterises visually the city's townscape. To a large extent, these 'houses of flats' are the result of a progressive codification of building prototypes that first appeared in the historic city, originating from the transformation of the traditional city-house. Initially, the transformation began with increasing the number of storeys, successively followed with processes of plot-aggregation, all combined with an horizontal division configuring new housing floor-plans. These processes progressively generated larger buildings, in which the plot shape and dimensions appear as determining instances. References (100 Word) ALONSO DE ARMIÑO, L. y PIÑON, J.L. (1986). La formazione del la Valencia moderna. Sutoria Urbana, (37), 89-114. AZAGRA, J. (1993). Propiedad inmueble y crecimiento urbano. Valencia 1800-1931. Madrid: Síntesis. BRIGUZ Y BRU, G. (1837). Escuela de Arquitectura Civil. Valencia: Joseph de Orga. HERMOSILLA, J. (1750). La architectura civil (manuscrito). DALY, M.C. (1864). L’architecture privée au XIXème siècle, sous Napoléon III MOLEY, C. (1999). Regard sur l’immeuble privé. Architecture d’un habitat 1880-1970. Paris: Le Moniteur. PIÑÓN, J.L. (1988). Los orígenes de la Valencia moderna PONS, A. y SERNA, J. (1992). La ciudad extensa. Valencia: Diputació de València. SANCHO, A. (1855). Mejoras materiales de Valencia. Valencia: Imprenta de José Mateu.