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Journal articles on the topic 'European Medals'
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Gutiérrez García, Carlos, Luis Santos, Carlos Montero-Carretero, and Raquel Escobar-Molina. "Éxitos del judo español a nivel internacional: una perspectiva histórica." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 13, no. 2s (July 12, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v13i2s.5496.
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<p>The aim of the present study was to collect and analyze the sporting successes of Spanish judo (senior category) in the Olympic Games, World Championships and European Championships. Data collection was made through several websites specific to judo. Until May 2018, Spanish judo achieved a total of 141 medals (six in the Olympic Games, 21 in the World Championships and 114 in the European Championships). Most medals were achieved in the 1990s and 2000s, as in the decade of 2010 a significant reduction is taking place. Successes were greatest for women, adding up to 69.5% of the total medals and, qualitatively, the most relevant successes for Spanish judo.</p>
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Miles, Andrew, and Jonathan Elliott Asbridge. "On the need for transformational leadership in the delivery of person-centered clinical practice within 21st Century healthcare systems." European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare 2, no. 3 (September 28, 2014): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ejpch.v2i3.938.
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We write this Editorial Introduction following the conclusion of the First Annual Conference and Awards Ceremony of the European Society for Person Centered Healthcare (ESPCH) hosted by Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain, on 3 & 4 July 2014. The Conference proved an important event which successfully brought together a very wide range of distinguished speakers and delegates from across the length and breadth of Europe, the United States of America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and elsewhere. Following the close of Day One of the Conference, and prior to the Conference Dinner, we were pleased to confer on particularly eminent colleagues, the Society's Platinum, Gold, Silver and Bronze Medals, the Presidential Medal and the Senior Vice Presidential Medal and, in addition, to award the Society's Essay Prize and Book Prize. A full Conference Report, with the usual obligatory photographs and a YouTube videolink to highlights of the proceedings, has been included within the first e-Bulletin of the European Society for Person Centered Healthcare, the Society's new bi-monthly and detailed Newsletter.
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Latyshev, M., O. Mozoliuk, B. Korolov, and O. Liashenko. "Analysis of the performances of athletes at international cadet and junior competitions in Greco-Roman wrestling." Єдиноборства, no. 3(21) (June 1, 2021): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15391/ed.2021-3.02.
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Purpose: to analyze the performances of the national Greco-Roman wrestling team of Ukraine at cadet and junior competitions from 1993 to the present. Material and methods. The research used the following methods: analysis of scientific and methodological information and Internet sources; analysis of the official protocols of the competition; retrospective analysis; methods of mathematical statistics. The performances of the athletes of the Greco-Roman wrestling national team of Ukraine at the European and world championships among cadets and juniors from 1993 to the present are analyzed. The number of participants, the number of medals earned, and the number of gold medals were counted. Results: based on the analysis of scientific and methodological information and generalization of advanced practical experience, it was found that the problem of analyzing competitive activity in modern sports is one of the most urgent. During the period under review, 209 athletes of the Ukrainian national team took part in the European Championships, of which 13 (6,2 %) became winners of the competition, and 55 (26,3 %) wrestlers took prizes. While 199 wrestlers have taken part in the European Championships among juniors since 1993, 71 (35,7 %) medals were won, of which 19 (9,5 %) were gold. In the period under review, 136 athletes took part in the world championships among cadets, and 12 (8,8 %) gold medals were won. Making comparisons, 192 athletes of the Ukrainian national team took part in the world championships among juniors, 10 (5,2 %) gold and 41 (21,4 %) medals in general were won. The analysis of the results showed that the largest number of athletes took the second, the third and the fifth places (more than 30 wrestlers for each place) at international competitions among cadets. The largest number of Greco-Roman style junior wrestlers of the Ukrainian national team took the following places: the third place (46 wrestlers), the fifth place (40 wrestlers) and the second place (37 wrestlers). Conclusions. The athletes of the Ukrainian national team show good results and occupy high places, however, there is a negative trend towards a decrease in the number of awards over time. Keywords: Greco-Roman wrestling, competitive activity, cadets, juniors, analysis.
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Prygov, Vadim I. "European World Fairs’ “Palaces of Industry” on Commemorative Medals (1851-1889)." Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art 8 (2018): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa188-1-9.
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Malinowski, Mariusz, Bimal Bose, and Frede Blaabjerg. "IEEE Medals and IES Scholarships / European Power Electronic Conference [Society News]." IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine 1, no. 4 (2007): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mie.2007.909699.
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Gacic, Dragan. "Spring hunting of European roe deer in Vojvodina: Age structure and trophy value." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 92 (2005): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0592031g.
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Trophies of the European roe deer are the main source of income in Vojvodina hunting grounds managed by hunting associations. The specificity of site conditions (agro-biotope) aggravates the hunting, especially regarding the assessment of the age and trophy value, so the best males are hunted before they reach the culmination of trophy development. The aim of this study is to define reliably the age of males in spring hunting and to analyze their trophy structure. The study results show that, in the majority of the study hunting grounds, spring (May) hunting was performed correctly and professionally, and the age structure and trophy value of the males were very favorable. The males that are considered as mature for shooting account for one half of the total spring hunting, while their percentage is even higher in the so-called "trophy hunting" (60.7%), which results in a high percentage of trophies in medals (21.5%).
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Rykalov, Iu V., and N. M. Goncharova. "Approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the team's performance in international athletics competitions (on the example of endurance)." Health, sport, rehabilitation 6, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/hsr.2020.06.02.08.
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<p><strong>The </strong><strong>aim</strong>: theoretical substantiation and development of approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the results of the sports team's performance in international athletics competitions (on the example of endurance).</p><p><strong>Material and methods:</strong> theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature and information of the Internet, data of information databases of athletics (Tilastopaja), (All-Athletics), printed and electronic sources of the Association of Track & Field Statisticians- ATFS ), the official website of the European Athletics Association (EAA), the Federation of Athletics of Ukraine, systematization, content analysis. An analysis of the results of competitive activities of athletes (n = 297) of the best thirteen European teams that participated in the XXIV European Athletics Championships (Berlin, 2018) in endurance and have gold awards. The criteria that allow to expand the approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the performance of the full team were considered.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> The performance of thirteen best teams in athletics in endurance at the XXIV European Athletics Championships (Berlin, 2018) was analyzed. The obtained data allowed us to conclude that in order to create an objective assessment of the team's performance in athletics, it is not enough to take into account only the number of medals won and the places occupied by the team's athletes in the top eight. When determining the effectiveness of team performance in endurance classes, according to the existing evaluation system, medals were awarded to 2% to 33% of athletes from the total team, and places in the top eight were occupied by 18 to 75% of athletes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> When evaluating the effectiveness of a sports team, you need to take into account a number of criteria that will create a diverse assessment of the performance of the sports team, which includes evaluation as a criterion - the performance of athletes at the level of personal achievement.</p>
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Helsen, Werner F., Nikola Medic, Janet L. Starkes, and Andrew M. Williams. "The Constituent Year Effect in European Track and Field Masters Athletes: Evidence of Participation and Performance Advantages." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 28, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2018-0439.
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Inequalities in relative age distribution have previously been demonstrated to influence participation and performance achievements in Masters athletes. The purpose of the present study was to examine the participation- and performance-related constituent year effect among Masters athletes (N = 2,474) from the European Masters Track and Field Championships across subdisciplines and age. The results indicated that a participation-related constituent year effect was observed. The likelihood of participation was significantly higher for athletes in their first year of any 5-year age category (χ2 = 149.8, p < .001) and decreased significantly when they were in the fourth or fifth year. The results also indicated a performance-related constituent year effect. Masters athletes in their first year won significantly more medals than expected based on observed participation rate (χ2 = 23.39, p < .001). We compare our results with the existing literature and discuss potential mechanisms for this constituent year effect.
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Ayzyatullova, G., and T. Sakharnova. "ANALYSIS AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS AEROBICS." Human Sport Medicine 20, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm200211.
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Aim. The article aims to determine the balance of power in sports aerobics in various competitions and to shape approaches to training highly skilled athletes of the Russian national sports aerobics team. Materials and methods. The following methods were used in the study: the analysis of scientific and methodical literature, analysis of video materials (7 videos of Russian Championships, 112 finals of European Championships in 2015, 2017, 2019, 106 world finals in 2016, 2018), analysis of regulatory documents in the field of sports activity. Results. The main trends in the development of world sports aerobics as well as its world leaders are determined: 1) a comparison of the competition rules allows determining the main and characteristic structural groups of elements in the competitive program of the leading Russian and world athletes; 2) the identification of major technical errors significantly affects the assessment as a whole; 3) the use of acrobatic and semi-acrobatic exercises in the competitive program both entertains and increases the complexity of the program. Conclusion. Sports aerobics is a relatively young sport in Russia. However, from the first steps, Russian athletes managed to win medals in this discipline. Initially, highly skilled athletes from related sports such as gymnastics, acrobatics, rhythmic gymnastics were involved in sports aerobics. Now, it is an independent sport with its specifics and training system. The Russian training system is proved to be reliable and effective considering the number of medals.
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Popescu, Mara. "Selected Buildings in Transylvania: About Ybl Miklós' Designs." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 52, no. 1 (July 14, 2021): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.12785.
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Ybl Miklós is a leading figure of nineteenth-century architecture, one of the prestigious Hungarian architects who won the Franz Jozef Knights' Cross and the Knight's Cross Order of Leopold medals, a member of Budapest's Board of Public Works and the Association of Architects and Engineers. His works represented highly complex national and European heritage values and were a reference point for nineteenth century Hungarian architecture. In 2014, when UNESCO celebrated the bicentennial of the birth of Ybl Miklós, it marked both his personality and the architect's vision. In his honour, the Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering of the Szent István University in Budapest bears his name.Some of his works in Transylvania and the connections he had with Transylvanian nobles are lesser known. This article highlights another aspect of his work.
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Wrang, Christian M., Niels N. Rossing, Rasmus M. Diernæs, Christoffer G. Hansen, Claus Dalgaard-Hansen, and Dan S. Karbing. "Relative Age Effect and the Re-Selection of Danish Male Handball Players for National Teams." Journal of Human Kinetics 63, no. 1 (September 24, 2018): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0004.
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Abstract The relationship between the date of birth and expertise in various sports among both elite and youth level athletes is well established, and known as the relative age effect (RAE). However, new results in for example Canadian Hockey and British cricket and rugby have indicated a reversal of RAE among selected talents where the youngest athletes are more likely to remain selected than their older peers. As such, RAE may therefore depend on the age and the level of competition. The purpose of this study was therefore to analyse RAE from the youth to senior national level in a sample of successful Danish male national teams. The sample included 244 players from Danish under-19, under-21 and senior national levels. These players have been part of successful teams, winning 18 medals at 24 youth European and World championships and 8 medals during 12 years at the senior level. The results showed a significant RAE on both youth and national levels. However, RAE was less marked from the under-19 to under-21 and further to the senior national level. Results show that at the national youth level talent selection favours the relatively older players, of whom a larger proportion fails to be re-selected to the senior level compared to their younger peers. RAE appears to play a central and reversing role in the identification and re-selection in Danish male handball. The results also show that the presence of both a constant and constituent year structure affects RAE, even when introduced at late adolescence.
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Ivonina, Liudmila. "Iconography of Peace Сongresses during the Formation of the Westphallian System." Eikon / Imago 10 (February 8, 2021): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/eiko.74157.
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The formation of the first state system in Europe took place from the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, as a result of the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), to the Utrecht (1713), Rastatt-Baden (1714) and Nystad Congresses (1721) which finished the end of the war of the Spanish Succession and the Northern war. The legal fixation of the Westphallian system was accompanied by its public perception and acceptance. First of all, this was demonstrated by International Congresses, which were not only a common negotiation process, but also a place of representation of the significance and culture of each state. In fact, the European Congress was a carefully designed triumph of Рeace within the continent, which required considerable funds, was widely covered in the press and glorified in celebrations, paintings, plastic art, release of commemorative medals, poetry and even fashion. The article presents the most striking examples of iconography of Peace Congresses. The author believes that their performative nature and iconography, emphasizing the European character of Peace and the protopatriotic moods that it evoked, made a significant contribution to the civilization heritage of Europe.
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Kiraly, Istvan, and Andrea Gál. "From Grass Roots to World Class (A Strategy for Delivering Physical Activity)." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 51, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-011-0003-y.
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From Grass Roots to World Class (A Strategy for Delivering Physical Activity)During the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the Hungarian sports team's performance was worse than expected by most of the Hungarian people and the leaders of the Hungarian sports establishment. The Hungarian athletes returned home with a much lower medal tally than in previous decades. More than two years have elapsed since the Olympic Games, but instead of analysing the real reasons for the poor performance, most of the debates in Hungary are about whether we will restore our reputation by taking 8-10 gold medals in the 2012 London Olympics.People in the United Kingdom are also full of hope for a great medal tally in London, not just because of the "home team advantage" but also by reason of the UK's outstanding performance in 2008. The British team finished fourth in the final medal table at the Beijing Olympic Games despite their poor performance one-and-half decades ago in Atlanta, surprising not just the British but also the whole world. By this time, the British strategy was to invest not just in elite sports but also in grass-roots participation sports. If Hungary wants to enhance its elite sports, it must engage in similar changes. It is clear from the latest data that the Hungarian XXI Sports Strategy's aim of making Hungary a sporting nation seems an illusion. Participation sports, which are the foundation of national sporting success and provide the future talents for the elite sports sector, are in need of urgent and substantive reform.By means of secondary analyses and document analyses this article discusses the current state of British sport using the latest data. It then examines recent reforms in English participation sports as well as the latest sports strategy in England and its objectives. In all this, it makes comparison with what is happening in Hungary. The upshot is that Hungary and Britain differ at many points throughout the whole process, from strategy planning to implementation. These contrasts explain the differences in the effectiveness of the British and Hungarian processes. We hope that the outcome of this examination of the efficient Western European process and its comparison with the unsuccessful Hungarian system will assist those responsible for the development of participation sports and elite sports in Hungary.
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Bespomoshchnov, Vladislav A., and Jeffrey G. Caron. "Coaching Philosophy and Methods of Anatoly Tarasov: ‘Father’ of Russian Ice Hockey." International Sport Coaching Journal 4, no. 3 (September 2017): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2017-0058.
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Anatoly Tarasov was the architect of the Russian ice hockey system—one of the most storied program’s in the history of International ice hockey. As a head coach, he led his team to 3 Olympic gold medals, 9 World Championships, and 18 National Championships. He was also the first European inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in Canada. Given all that he accomplished, it is surprising that relatively little is known about Tarasov outside of Russia. The purpose of this paper is to introduce coach Tarasov and, through an analysis of his own writings and what others have written about him, shed some light on his coaching methods that we believe comprise his coaching philosophy. As we will demonstrate, Tarasov’s coaching methods, which would have been viewed as unusual at the time—particularly by ice hockey coaches in North America—are now widely supported in the coaching science literature and practiced by some of the world’s most regarded coaches. Rooted in Tarasov’s coaching methods, we also provide a number of “best practices” for ice hockey coaches, which we believe might also be applicable to coaches working in other contexts.
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Schiemenz, Günter P. "A heretical look at the Benzolfest." British Journal for the History of Science 26, no. 2 (June 1993): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400030752.
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The Benzolfest of 1890 in honour of August Kekulé fell into that economically prosperous, politically peaceful period of European imperialism which is characterized by the splendour of the courts of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India; Emperor Franz Josef of Austria, King of Hungary; and the German Emperor Wilhelm II, King of Prussia. Whoever could afford it (and even some of those who could not) tried to imitate these models and to participate at least to a modest extent in the glamour of the imperial courts. Merits were honoured by the bestowal of titles, orders and medals, and many an effort to the benefit of the common weal in deeds and money was induced by the prospect of becoming a Privy Councillor (Geheimrat) or a Councillor of Commerce (Kommerzienrat), of being awarded the Order of the Red Eagle [of Prussia] (the fourth class being almost automatically given to a major of the Prussian army who in this peaceful time had never had a chance to distinguish himself, and not so automatically to a distinguished professor on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday), or even of being raised to hereditary nobility, the epithet von added to the name being the permanently visible sign of particular excellence.
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Marquet, Laurie-Anne, Christophe Hausswirth, Arnaud Hays, Fabrice Vettoretti, and Jeanick Brisswalter. "Comparison of Between-Training-Sessions Recovery Strategies for World-Class BMX Pilots." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, no. 2 (March 2015): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0152.
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Purpose:To assess the impact of between-training-sessions recovery strategies (passive [PAS], active [ACT], cold-water immersion [CWI], and ingestion of a recovery drink [NUTR]) on maximal cycling performance, perceptions of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and fatigue in world-class BMX riders.Methods:Eleven elite BMX athletes, members of the French national team (top country in the 2011 international ranking, 4 medals at the 2012 World Championships, top European country), participated in the study, which involved standardized training periods. Athletes performed 3 maximal-sprint power tests: the first day of the week before the training session and before and after training on the third day of the week (D3). The recovery strategy was randomly assigned to each participant on day 2 immediately after the last training period of the day. Perceptions of DOMS and general fatigue were recorded on D3.Results:After training on D3, the decrease in maximal-sprint power (Pmax) was significantly greater for PAS than with CWI (P = .02) and NUTR (P = .018). Similar results were found with ACT (vs CWI P = .044, and vs NUTR P = .042). Self-reported DOMS and fatigue were significantly greater after PAS than after other strategies.Conclusions:For elite BMX riders, between training days, nutritional and/or CWI recovery strategies appear to be best for reducing muscle fatigue and increasing the capacity to withstand the training schedule.
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Bricage, Pierre. "International Academy for Systems and Cybernetic Sciences (IASCYS): The first awards of the International Prize." Acta Europeana Systemica 8 (July 11, 2020): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/aes.v8i1.56583.
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For the first time the International Academy for Systems and Cybernetic Sciences, IASCYS, ( http://iascys.org), has awarded the Charles François International Prize, during the 10thUES-EUS Congress (http://ues-eus.eu), in Brussels, Belgium, Europe. The first step of the procedure was the nomination of interesting papers through asking for the reviewing process by all IASCYS Academicians. So, 6 weeks before the start of the meeting, a booklet of 40 abstracts, all previously anonymously peer-reviewed by the scientific committee of the congress, and each as a 1 page of text, with neither author(s) name(s), nor affiliation(s) or references, was sent to all Academicians. After a 1 month delay, 10 papers of people from 9 Countries (Algeria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Russia), have been nominated by Academicians, by e-mails replies. After the congress organizers have proposed as jurors a team of 3 systems scientists who all are speaking both French and English (the official formal languages of the UES-EUS congress), an equal number of 3 Academicians, who are as well fluent in English, French and other languages, attended as the IASCYS part of the jury. After this key step of peers pre-selection, the second step, during the meeting in Brussels, was for all 6 jurors to listen and participate to the corresponding talks-debate for each of the selected papers, in order to rank the top 3 of the most promising works, and then to reflect on the final ranking for the award. The jurors were anonymous. The listening process was the usual process of talk (20 min) and questions (10 min) with the public as in every congress, but also with personal no-formal discussion of jurors with the nominated persons. The first Charles François International Prize of the Academy (gold medal) was awarded to Julio LABORDE, a young Chilean research engineer who is working in the International industrial firm 'Insight Signals'. He is also a student in the prestigious École Pratique des Hautes Études, in Paris, France. His talk was about "Extraction of Information from Agent Base Models. A new pre-topological metric for controlling the propagation of crises." It took place during the 'Methods and tools for risk management of complex socio-technical systems'session. No discussion, his work was the most promising work of the congress. His work was the most promising work of this congress of the European Union for Systemics.This second step allows also, after a debate, to award 3 second places (3 silver medals). They all got the Charles François tutorial in Systems Science on a USB stick and they all, gold and silver medals (Figure 1), will have a certificate of ranking. But, all of them, will get their certificates of award/ranking only after their paper proof will be corrected and accepted. The other 3 certificated persons, silver medals, are (by alphabetic order): -Mick ASHBY, a research engineer in computing sciences who is working for IBM in Germany. His work was about the application of a new paradigm 'The Ethical Regulator Theorem'; -Tjorven HARMSEN, a very young Swedish women who is in Ph. D. in the Leibniz Institute for Research on Society and Space, in Berlin (Germany). Her work was ab out 'Crisis as Social Autocatalysis. On the emergence and Utilization of Opportunities' (a very promising talk, a young researcher to follow; and -Daniela TERRILE, a women who is Professor in the Department of Design at the Polytechnic Institute of Milano, Italy. Her work was about 'Applications of the Target Constellation Model'. 2 other works were also very interesting but one was not into the book of abstracts (it was not peer-reviewed), the other one was into it but it was not pre-selected. No process is perfect. But the rule is the rule: no peer-reviewing, no preselection, means no competition. The important point is that few of the 'preselected and nominated, but not ranked in the top 3' participants said they will attend the next one edition of the Prize in Morocco. And other young researchers said they will do their best to attend another occurrence of the Prize. The Prize was opened to strengthen multi-disciplinary research and the multi-language communication of recent results, towards a worldwide education in Cybernetics and Systems Thinking (Bricage, 2017), which are aims of the Academy (Bricage, 2014). “Want to influence the world? Map reveals the best languages to speak.” (Ronen et al., 2014). On the IASCYS website you will find the rules of the Prize, in English, Spanish, French and Russian.
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Yefanov, Aleksandr. "Politicization of Sports Through Media: Syncretism of Social Institutions." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 10, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2021.10(1).130-140.
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Modern realities suggest a special syncretic process – the politicization of sports through the media. Despite the fact, that such determinants are dialectically characteristic of countries in conditions of international tension (including latent nature), as was the case in the 20th century during the many years of confrontation between USSR and USA, the events of 2018 forced to view this picture from the standpoint of publishing political conflict, in which there was a representation of sporting events. The Olympic (so-called «doping») scandal against the Russian National Team was actively covered by European and Western media, which operated not only with rhetoric of irony, but also with the rhetoric of imaginary justice. And the discovery in the blood of a curling expert A. Krushelnitsky, meldonium and, as a result, the deprivation of his bronze medals at the Olympics-2018 became for the Western media the main (and only) proof of dishonest behavior of the National Team. In turn, the representation of the conflict by the Russian media was a mirror reaction. The politicization of sports through media at the present stage continued in the spring and summer of 2018 during the preparation and holding of the World Cup in Russia. Despite the prevalence of negative messages in the media agenda of foreign publications on the eve of the Championship (operating with the rhetoric of unreasonableness), the representation of a sporting event by the Russian media, which worked on the principle of media solidarization (complementing the agendas of «traditional» media and «new media» — blogging, social media) in accordance with the laws of media logic, constructed the atmosphere of a universal sports festival, which manifested itself at the level of high organization of both football matches at all sports venues in the country, and out-of-stage performances (flash mobs, concerts, etc.), with an emphasis on tolerance, security, service compliance with international standards, forced a number of Western and European media controllers begin to adhere to the rhetoric of recognition.
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Editor, EJM. "E.M.U. NEWS EUROPEAN UNION MEDAL." European Journal of Mineralogy 7, no. 6 (December 27, 1995): 1437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/7/6/1437.
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Alexeevich, Andreev Alexander, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Harvey Williams Cushing - founder of anesthetic monitoring, pioneer of neurosurgery (to the 150th of birthday." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 12, no. 1 (March 2, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2019-12-1-84-84.
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Harvey Williams Cushing (1869–1939) graduated from Yale College and Harvard Medical School, and worked at the Massachusetts General Hospital of Boston. He created the first anesthesia card, introduced the term “regional anesthesia” into medical practice, described the Cushing triad, and in 1901, the second in the world, performed a successful operation on the pituitary gland for acromegaly. In 1910, he accepted the offer to become the head of the department of surgery at Harvard Medical School and the chief surgeon at Peter Benton Brigham Hospital, located on the campus. In 1933, Cushing moved to Yale, where from 1933 to 1937. was a professor of neurology. In the US, Harvey Williams Cushing is honored as a pioneer of neurosurgery and the greatest neurosurgeon in world history. Cushing developed and improved the technique of many neurosurgical operations, proved the right to the very existence of intracranial surgery as a separate medical specialty. In 1939, he was honored to become an Honorary Member of the Royal Medical College in London. Harvey Williams Cushing died on October 7, 1939 from myocardial infarction. He was awarded honorary degrees in nine American and thirteen European universities; several state orders and medals; as well as many different awards and prizes. Harvey Williams Cushing was a member of the American Philosophical Society, the National Academy of Natural Sciences, and the American Academy of Humanities and Natural Sciences, a foreign member of the Royal Society of London, and also an honorary member of about seventy medical, surgical, and scientific communities in Europe, USA, South America and india.
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Crespo Armáiz, Jorge L. "La fotografía como estandarte de la verdad y el progreso: estudio sobre la iconografía fotográfica en la medallística (1880-1920)." Fotocinema. Revista científica de cine y fotografía, no. 6 (March 17, 2013): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/fotocinema.2013.v0i6.5912.
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Resumen:Desde el momento de su creación a mediados del siglo XIX, la invención fotográfica representó un cambio profundo en la mentalidad de la sociedad decimonónica en lo relativo a su impacto en la reproducción y diseminación de las imágenes visuales. Durante las primeras décadas siguientes a su invención, los entusiastas de la fotografía propulsaron un discurso de superioridad mimética de la misma por sobre las artes visuales tradicionales, sobre la base de la supuesta objetividad absoluta de su registro óptico-químico. La fuerza de esta mentalidad discursiva del nuevo paradigma visual se reflejó en la literatura y demás expresiones culturales, incluyendo las propias artes plásticas. A través de un análisis iconográfico de un conjunto de medallas del período se pueden identificar los signos, códigos y discursos relativos a la fotografía como reflejo de las mentalidades positivistas imperantes de la época.Abstract:Since its invention in the first half of the nineteenth century, photography represented a profound change in the mentality of European society regarding its impact in the reproduction and dissemination of visual images. During its initial developmental stage, fanatics of the new medium gave impulse to a discourse of mimetic superiority of photography over traditional visual arts, based upon the alleged absolute objectivity of its optical-chemical registry. This discursive mentality reflected its influence in literature, as well as in other cultural expressions, including the visual arts. Through the implementation of an iconographic analysis of a sample of award and commemorative medals of this period, this article looks to identify those signs, codes and discourses related to photography as symbol of progress and absolute truth within the positivism paradigm.Keywords: Photography; iconography; medallic art; visual images; mentalities
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Savicheva, Elena Mikhailovna. "“Religion Carries Out a Very Important Mission...”. Interview with Damir Mukhetdinov, First Vice-Chairman of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims (SAM) of the Russian Federation." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 19, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 702–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-4-702-712.
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Damir Mukhetdinov got his higher education at the Institute of Arabic Language of Umm al-Qura University in Mecca (Saudi Arabia). Then he graduated from the Department of International Relations of Nizhny Novgorod State University and got a master’s degree, then - PhD (Political Science). He is the first deputy chairman of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Russian Federation, a member of the Presidium of the Council of Muftis of Russia, a member of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, rector of the Moscow Islamic Institute, professor of St. Petersburg State University, a member of the Commission on Improving Legislation and Law Enforcement Practice of the Council for Cooperation with Religious Associations under the President of the Russian Federation, a member of the working group of the Commission on Religious Associations under the Government of the Russian Federation, a member of the Public Council of the Federal Agency for Nationalities. He was awarded the medals of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the European part of Russia “For Merit” and “For Spiritual Unity”; by Mufti Ravil Gainutdin decree was awarded the highest award of Muslims of Russia - the Order of Honor “Al-Fakhr”, the Order of Muslims of Russia “For Merit”. The interview comprehends the role of Islam in the modern world, including its role in maintaining peace and stability in regions of Islam. Particular attention is paid to cooperation and development of relations between the Russian Federation and the Eastern countries, including the CIS states, through religious channels. Damir Mukhetdinov emphasizes the importance of improving Islamic education in Russia, as well as the development of such scientific areas as Oriental studies, Islamic studies, Theology.
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Jones, Robin. "Marrow of the Nation: A History of Sport and Culture in Republican China. By Andrew D.Morris. [Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2004. xx+368 pp. ISBN 0-520-24084-7.]." China Quarterly 182 (June 2005): 447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741005310265.
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Over the last decade, there has been a growing media interest in the rise to world prominence of Chinese sport, fuelled first by the startling performances of China's athletes in the mid- 1990s, then by their declared interest in staging the 2000 Olympic Games, and ultimately their successful bid for the 2008 Games. As if to underline this, China leapt into second place in the medals tally of the Athens Olympic Games in 2004, thus ensuring that the media took full note of the Middle Kingdom. However, in the corresponding period (and in fact much further back) there has been little serious interest amongst Western authors writing specifically about sport in China. Indeed, of the four hundred or so references in Marrow of the Nation, just a handful are by Western authors.In finely honed detail, Andrew Morris traces the development of sport in Republican China from the early years of the 20th century, drawing a carefully argued distinction between the Anglo-American and the Euro-Japanese influences that had a major effect in shaping China's early sporting identity (although the separation of the two influences, associating Anglo with American and Euro with Japanese, glosses over the importance of European figures in British sporting history). What is striking in unravelling the threads of Chinese history, is the manner in which China “swayed with the winds of foreign influence” as the leaders tried to develop a national and modern sporting consciousness. As chapter two reveals, by the 1920s, there were also clear traces of Soviet influence – fitness and hygiene, new nationalism, new Chinese man, new meanings for sport.
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Editor, EJM. "European Mineralogical Union Medal for Research Excellence." European Journal of Mineralogy 8, no. 6 (January 8, 1997): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/8/6/1424.
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HOBI, AGNIESZKA, AGNIESZKA HOBI, TADEUSZ HUCISKI, TADEUSZ HUCISKI, JACEK KOWALCZYK, and JACEK KOWALCZYK. "Needs and Emotions in Women’s Sports – Implications for Innovative Psychosocial Interactions." Journal of New Medical Technologies 22, no. 2 (February 25, 2015): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11857.
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Sport in the world has been utilising psychology for a long time. In the most developed sports countries much higher emphasis has been laid for many years rather on development of psychosocial and coaching competence than strictly technical acquirements. Sports competition in basketball proceeds in conflict conditions and due to this it exerts a multilateral effect on psychic activities of participants. What is more, activity effectiveness during the game depends in a large degree on the development level of the psychoemotional, intellectual and volitionary sphere of sportsmen. Hence, investigations of the psychological factor on the process of achieving sports mastery by basketball women players, characterised by specific psychological characteristics, raise significant interest. Investigation of individualistic predispositions and resulting psychosocial behaviour plays an important role in sports activities, during the training process, as well as during competitions. Determination of relations between different psychological and pedagogical interaction characteristics is necessary for the individual and group management of a team in extreme situations. In the first part of the paper we will present personality characteristics assessed by the Gough test, which significantly correlate with sport effectiveness, as well as the personality model, conditioning high game effectiveness. In the second part we will present an innovative psychosocial system of mutual interactions between intentions, self-confidence, emotions, influence on game concentration in the team cohesion and situation self-creation system. IMOPEKSIS comprises the synthesis of newest achievements in the scope of success, business and sports psychology with 30-years experience of a permanent training experiment and sports competition. Experience has been verified by everyday variability of behaviour, individual and partner, group, situation feelings evaluated by sports successes in the form of World, European Vice-Championships and Polish Championship medals in women´s basketball.
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D'AMICO, Rosa Lopez de. "View of the Sport Organizational Structure: The French Gymnastics Federation." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2002): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.81259.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.This article presents a descriptive overview of the organization of the sport of gymnastics, specifically artistic gymnastics, in France. French artistic gymnastics since the last decade has been obtaining stable and better results at competitions in the international arena. The Junior European Championship title in the late 90s and recent medals in the last Olympic Games, make it interesting to study the organization of this sport in France and the changes it has gone through. This research was done with the permission of the French Gymnastics Federation that facilitated access to the documents and allowed interviews of its members. The characteristic of this research is qualitative in which document analysis, interviews, personal communications and observations made it possible to gather the information (e.g., Biklen & Bogdan, 1992; Burgess, 1982; Hitchcock & Hughes, 1995). The article is divided into three parts, it starts with a general view of the sport in France. Later it continues with an introduction to the French Gymnastics Federation as the national body of this sport, its membership, general and technical structure. Later it presents the organization of four groups of members: administrators, coaches, judges and gymnasts. It concludes with a section in which interviewees share their views about the key elements and obstacles for French artistic gymnastics performance.本文旨在探討法國體操總會的結構組織，透過文獻、面談及觀察等質性分析法了解其結構組織的特點，並從行政者、敎練、裁判員和運動員的多層面去尋找影響體操發展的要素及障礙。
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Editor, EJM. "E.M.U. NEWS European Union Medal 1996 for Alan B. Woodland." European Journal of Mineralogy 9, no. 1 (December 30, 1996): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/9/1/0233.
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Nicolaidis, Efthymios. "Éloge to Robert Fox." Studia Historiae Scientiarum 16 (December 18, 2017): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543702xshs.17.003.7704.
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The 20th Alexandre Koyré Medal awarded since 1968 to prominent historians of science was awarded to Robert Fox, leading historian of European science of the period from the 18th to the beginnings of the 20th century. The Medal was presented to Robert Fox during the 7th International Conference of the European Society for the History of Science, Prague, 23 September 2016, and the Éloge describes his career and work.
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Zagorodniuk, Igor, Kateryna Ocheretna, Sergiy Kharchuk, and Maryna Korobchenko. "Symbol species, days and years of animals in natural history events and museum activities." GEO&BIO 2021, no. 20 (February 17, 2021): 135–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/gb2013.
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The paper presents an analytical review of focal animal species as those that are important in sharing natural history knowledge and in the development of environmental initiatives. A detailed analysis of the history and experience of using such animals in the practice of education and museology in the world and in Ukraine is presented. Among the most famous areas of the topic are as follows: 1) attention to wild animals versus attention to domestic ones, 2) formation of a pool of zoo-mascots for different activities and increase the ranking of such species or groups of species, 3) development of zoosymbolism in all forms of activities related to nature (scientific societies, publications, schools-seminars, natural history museums), 4) formation and development of the idea of years of animals (mammal of the year, bird of the year, insect of the year), and 5) formation, share, and development of ideas of special days (bat night, lark day, etc.). The analysis of world and Ukrainian experience showed that the most effective forms of dissemination of knowledge are as follows: 1) production of various small printed products (stickers, calendars, envelopes, stamps, prints), 2) production of more complex forged or minted products (badges, coins, medals), 3) use of paraphernalia on various consumer goods (caps, T-shirts, mugs, balloons, fountain pens, notebooks), 4) holding special promotions, quizzes, contests or quests on thematic days (European Bat Night, International Bird Day, Whale Protection Day), and 5) production and participation in the production of special media products or initiation of social networks (social advertising, documentaries, round tables on the radio and flash mobs on social networks). All these forms of activity can be developed within the "background" work of natural history museums, among them the simplest and least expensive are the days and years of certain animal species that can be performed within the existing exhibitions, complementing such events with interactive forms of work with visitors (competitions, excursions, lectures, presentations of thematic paraphernalia). All this is aimed at sharing knowledge and increasing social attention to the issues of biological diversity, sustainable nature and sustainable community development.
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Müller, Wolfgang Friedrich. "E.M.U. NEWS: European Mineralogica Union 1998 Medal for Dr. Ross John Angel." European Journal of Mineralogy 11, no. 6 (November 29, 1999): 1143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/11/6/1143.
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Navarová, Jana, and Eduard Ujházy. "Obituary for Prof. Helena Rašková, MD., DSc., Dr.h.c. *2 January, 1913 †13 April, 2010." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10102-010-0008-0.
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Obituary for Prof. Helena Rašková, MD., DSc., Dr.h.c. *2 January, 1913 †13 April, 2010 Professor Rašková had been a member, and after her retirement, an honorary member of a number of scientific societies and editorial boards in Slovakia as well as abroad. To provide a list of all decorations and honours given to Professor Rašková would take a lot of space. Of them, let us mention only that she had been decorated with the Finnish Sibelius Medal, the French medal of the of Académie de Lutec, the Gold Medal of European Pharmacological Societies for her contributions to the development of world pharmacology, as well as all the decorations obtained from the Slovak Academy of Sciences: Gold Medal of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Honourable Gold Medal of the Slovak Academy of Sciences for her contributions to biological sciences, and the Memorable Medal of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. Professor Rašková was an honorary member of the Learned Society of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
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Breva, Francisco, Pascual Mezquita, and Mercedes Omedas. "La Unión Europea y los medios de comunicación." Comunicar 5, no. 9 (October 1, 1997): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c09-1997-21.
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El artículo expone una actividad realizada por alumnos de Bachillerato dentro de la asignatura de Geografía Humana y Económica para tratar el tema de la Unión Europea, utilizando diferentes periódicos, con la finalidad de que los alumnos se adentrasen en su estructura y los manejasen para conocer las diferencias de opinión según sus diferentes fuentes. Dicha actividad fue galardonada con el premio «Euroescola» del Parlamento Europeo.
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Tauxe, Lisa. "Dunlop receives European Geophysical Society's Néel Medal." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 80, no. 4 (1999): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/99eo00032.
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de-Fontcuberta-Balaguer, María-del-Mar. "Mentor: International Association for Media Education." Comunicar 12, no. 24 (March 1, 2005): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c24-2005-07.
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The Mentor International Association for Media Education was founded in Barcelona at the end of May 2004 during the media education workshop organized by Unesco and the Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona in collaboration with the European Comission and the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Its objective is to connect media education professionals from diverse official and institutional structures in order to develop and coordinate international activities in the area of media education. It is and independent association with support of Unesco. La asociación internacional en educación en medios «Mentor» se creó en Barcelona en mayo del 2004 en el seminario organizado por la Unesco, la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, en colaboración con la Comisión Europea y la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Su objetivo es establecer una red de profesionales e instituciones con el fin de promover y coordinar el desarrollo internacional de la educación en medios; es una asociación independiente, auspiciada por la Unesco.
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Hodges, C. "Do we need a European Medical Devices Agency?" Medical Law Review 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 268–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/12.3.268.
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Bell, L. "Embryonic Stem Cell Patents: European Law and Ethics." Medical Law Review 18, no. 3 (August 17, 2010): 434–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/fwq016.
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Davies, Norman. "Centuries of Change: Wrocław – Breslau – Vratislavia." European Review 23, no. 1 (January 29, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798714000490.
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What follows is the Heinz Nixdorf Memorial Lecture that Norman Davies, as the recipient of the Erasmus Medal of the Academia Europaea, gave on the occasion of the 25th anniversary meeting of the Academia Europaea in Wrocław in September 2013.
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Hodges, C. "Review: A New Model for European Medical Device Regulation." Medical Law Review 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/fwi009.
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Westwood, Dick, David Beazley, and Tony Lunn. "The trade-off model and its extensions." Market Research Society. Journal. 39, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147078539703900114.
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This 1975 paper marked the launch onto the European market research scene of both the trade-off method of estimating consumer values and also Micro-Behavioural Modelling (MBM) more generally. Both approaches aroused controversy at the time. But they were widely regarded as innovatory, and the paper was awarded the Society's Gold Medal. Revisiting the paper 21 years on was an encouraging experience. Along with the two associated publications in European Research (see references), it provides a cogent exposition of the authors' early work on trade-off and remains a useful introduction to the MBM approach.
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Nys, H. "Physician involvement in a patient's death: a continental European perspective." Medical Law Review 7, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 208–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/7.2.208.
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Zilinyi, Zsombor, Ágoston Nagy, and Tamás Sterbenz. "Competition Experience, Relative Age Effect and Average Age of the Senior World Events’ Medal-Winning Basketball Players." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae 65, no. 3 (December 20, 2020): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeag.65(3).18.
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"The International Basketball Federation (FIBA) has changed its youth competition system in 2004, and due to this regulation, many players had the chance to compete every year at youth level and later, to elevate to the top. The purpose of our study was to inspect those medal-winning European basketball players who competed in the past 19 senior basketball world events. We analysed the tendencies of selection by dissecting the set-up of successful senior national teams. We investigated each one of the 281 European basketball players who won a medal during the analysed period (2000-2019). We collected data from the archive page of FIBA. Our goal was to see whether there was a relation between the youth competition experience and the minutes spent in senior world events. We used the Cramer Association Coefficient, Relative Age Effect and average age were also inspected. We found that participation in the national youth tournaments is important but not the most exclusive factor of selection. There are opportunities for success in the adult national teams for players who have covered alternative sports careers – the factor of national youth experience is not exclusive. We suppose that head coaches utilize older and more experienced players on the Olympic Games, the average ages of successful Olympic medal-winner teams are higher than other world events’ medallists. Despite the fact that we were not able to find statistically proven and associative relationship between national youth recruitment eligibility and the minutes in game spent by successful adult players, further research could be gap fillers in exploring key factors in adulthood efficiency. Keywords: talent selection, competition experience, FIBA, basketball players, sport career."
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Braun, U., and J. J. Henderson. "The Macewen/Kirstein medal of the European Airway Mangement Society." Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 19 (April 2018): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tacc.2018.01.008.
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García-Conesa, María-Teresa, Elena Philippou, Christos Pafilas, Marika Massaro, Stefano Quarta, Vanda Andrade, Rui Jorge, et al. "Exploring the Validity of the 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS): A Cross-National Study in Seven European Countries around the Mediterranean Region." Nutrients 12, no. 10 (September 27, 2020): 2960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12102960.
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This study provides comprehensive validation of the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (14-MEDAS) in an adult population from Greece (GR), Portugal (PT), Italy (IT), Spain (SP), Cyprus (CY), Republic of North Macedonia (NMK), and Bulgaria (BG). A moderate association between the 14-MEDAS and the reference food diary was estimated for the entire population (Pearson r = 0.573, p-value < 0.001; Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) = 0.692, p-value < 0.001) with the strongest correlation found in GR, followed by PT, IT, SP, and CY. These results were supported by kappa statistics in GR, PT, IT, and SP with ≥50% of food items exhibiting a fair or better agreement. Bland–Altman analyses showed an overestimation of the 14-MEDAS score in the whole population (0.79 ± 1.81, 95%Confidence Interval (CI) 0.61, 0.96), but this value was variable across countries, with GR, NMK, and BG exhibiting the lowest bias. Taking all analyses together, the validation achieved slightly better results in the Mediterranean countries but a definitive validation ranking order was not evident. Considering growing evidence of the shift from Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence and of the importance of culture in making food choices it is crucial that we further improve validation protocols with specific applications to measure and compare MD adherence across countries and to relate it to the health status of a specific population.
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Quigley, M. "Human Tissue Research: A European Perspective on Ethical & Legal Challenges." Medical Law Review 20, no. 3 (July 2, 2012): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/fws015.
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Kim, Daria. "Transparency Policies of the European Medicines Agency: Has the Paradigm Shifted?" Medical Law Review 25, no. 3 (2017): 456–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/fwx002.
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Bache, Gordon, and Tamara Hervey. "INCENTIVISING INNOVATION OR SUPPORTING OTHER INTERESTS? EUROPEAN REGULATION OF ORPHAN MEDICINAL PRODUCTS." Medical Law Review 19, no. 1 (January 2011): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/fwq035.
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Pięta, Wiesław. "Table tennis in the Archives of the Institute of National Remembrance (University World Championship)." Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe 3, no. 1 (2020): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/sit.2020.03.06.
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Table tennis in the academic community in Poland has over ninety years of history. Polish university students have been participating in international sports competitions for five decades. Andrzej Grubba and Leszek Kucharski, world and European championship medal winners and Olympians, started their international sports careers in the colours of the Students’ Sports Association. Poland has organized two university world championships. The Gdańsk academic world championships in 1984 were held under operational surveillance of the Provincial Office of Internal Affairs.
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Wicks, E. "The Right to Refuse Medical Treatment under the European Convention on Human Rights." Medical Law Review 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/9.1.17.
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Harmon, Shawn HE. "Katri Lõhmus, Caring Autonomy: European Human Rights Law and the Challenge of Individualism." Medical Law Review 25, no. 4 (2017): 692–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/fwx012.
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Kennedy, Dane. "GERTRUDE BELL, The Arabian Diaries, 1913–1914, ed. Rosemary O'Brien (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2000). Pp. 273." International Journal of Middle East Studies 34, no. 1 (February 2002): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743802271068.
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In December 1913, the English traveler and Orientalist Gertrude Bell set out from Damascus on a four-month journey that looped southeast through Arabia to the city of Hayyil, then north to Baghdad, and back across the Syrian desert to Damascus. The Syrian portion of the passage was already familiar to her, and she was not the first European to follow the caravan routes through Arabia. Charles Doughty and Wilfred and Anne Blunt, among others, had preceded her. Nor did her efforts significantly advance European knowledge of the region. But her willingness to undertake such an arduous and dangerous journey without European companions won her a gold medal from the Royal Geographical Society and a reputation as an authority on the Middle East, subsequently reinforced by her role in intelligence for the Arab Bureau during World War I and in the establishment of the British-dominated Iraqi state afterward.