Dissertations / Theses: 'European Movement'

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Barrie, Michael. "Clitic placement and verb movement in European Portuguese." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ53086.pdf.

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Trifkovic, Srdjan. "The Ustasa movement and European politics, 1929-1945." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278919.

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Schlembach, Raphael. "Against old Europe : social movement constructions of European nationalism." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520709.

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Skerritt, Daniel John. "Abundance, interaction and movement in a European lobster stock." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2716.

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European lobsters form one of the most economically valuable portions of UK landings, yet they are little regulated, despite stocks being considered fully exploited. Biological and behavioural knowledge is lacking, managerial effort is low and understanding is often inferred from other species. To ensure continued productivity of this important fishery, improved data on fishing activity, population dynamics, catchability, recruitment, movement and distribution are urgently required. Through analysis of capture-mark-recapture data, fishery-independent catches, behavioural-interaction studies and acoustic telemetry tracking, this thesis aims to provide a basis for future research and management. Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) and fishery-independent catch data established estimates of density, proportionate distribution, movements and site-fidelity and catchability parameters. These revealed high site fidelity and catchability differences between sexes leading to female-skewed density estimates. If these findings are corroborated, the effect and causes of disproportionate sex ratios must be addressed. The mixed-species nature of UK shellfisheries led to studies recording the impact of inter-specific and intra-specific interactions on catchability and catch rates. Lobster presence significantly lowered catchability of crab species and occurrences of same-sex lobster pairings were lower than expected. Findings highlight both the inconsistency of using catch per unit effort (CPUE) as a direct index of abundance and the danger of analysing crab and lobster catch data in isolation from each other. The final study employed an acoustic telemetry array to quantify in situ lobster movement, providing unique information on short-term home-ranges and habitat-utilisation. There were both transient and resident portions of the population, not predictable by sex or size. Males had significantly larger home-ranges than females, which could explain their increased catchability estimated in the CMR study. In contrast to trap catch data, most lobsters were recorded using soft substrate outwith their home-range. Movement behaviour changed accordingly, from ‘searching’ behaviour on mixed and hard substrates to ‘exploratory’ behaviour on soft. This highlighted a potential connectivity between isolated rocky habitats. The present study reveals the importance of undertaking local lobster studies in order to elucidate behavioural traits and highlight sampling uncertainties that can have important impacts on methods of stock assessment. Findings provide an initial baseline for further data collection, allowing changes in the population to be monitored.

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Claessens, Sjoerd Joseph Franciscus Johannes. "Free movement of lawyers in the European Union : proefschrift ... /." Nijmegen : Maastricht : Wolf Legal Publishers ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2008. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=14501.

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Burke, Patrick D. M. "European Nuclear Disarmament : a study of transnational social movement strategy." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2004. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/93155/european-nuclear-disarmament-a-study-of-transnational-social-movement-strategy.

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This thesis is a study of an attempt to help create a transnational movement against the nuclear arms race and the Cold War in the 1980s. The attempt began with the drafting and launch of the Appeal for European Nuclear Disarmament in early 1980. The thesis describes and analyses the work of the British group, European Nuclear Disarmament, or END, which was founded in order to further the aims outlined in the Appeal. The thesis examines END's work in three, overlapping, geographical areas: Britain, where END acted mainly as a pressure group on and/or ginger group within CND in an attempt to internationalize - END-ize - its work; in Western Europe (including Britain), where END (with other Western peace groups) was trying to create and sustain enduring ties amongst Western peace groups; and across the East-West divide, where END was one of a number of groups that engaged in dialogue with independent forces in the Soviet bloc - while maintaining relations with the regimes - with the aim of creating some kind of pan-European alliance that would bring together above all these forces and Western peace groups. The study is conducted in terms of an explanatory framework that emphasizes the pre-existing networks out of which END emerged; the distinctive END worldview or 'frame' and the ways in which END supporters campaigned in its terms, tried to persuade others to adopt it, and/or adapted it - above all in dialogue with independent groups in the Soviet bloc; the resources and structure that helped determine the work END activists could do; the way in which this campaigning was shaped by END's relationship with other peace groups, in Britain above all CND; and the political opportunities and constraints that END activists faced. To date there has been no full-length study of END nor one that analyses the various dimensions of its campaign and how they shaped each other. This thesis thus aims to be a contribution to our knowledge of the West European peace movements of the 1980s; it also hopes to add to our understanding of transnational social-movement campaigning.

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Tribble, Keith Owen. "European symbolist theater : conventions and innovations /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6647.

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Barry, James. "The foraging specialisms, movement and migratory behaviour of the European eel." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6742/.

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The European eel is a mysterious animal and has a life cycle which has fascinated biologists for centuries. However many basic aspects of its life cycle and migrations remain unknown. European eels play a pivotal role in a balanced ecosystem both as a predator and prey species thus, understanding important ecological aspects of eel behaviour while resident in continental waters is vital in safeguarding and enhancing existing stocks. In recent years we have witnessed declines in juvenile eel recruitment across Europe. Results from this thesis indicate a drastic decline in yellow eel abundance in a transitional water body in Northern Ireland between 1967 and 2013, with current levels at 3.38% of historical levels in the Foyle estuary. Many populations across Europe are thought to be reduced to approximately 10% of their size in the yellow eel growth phase of their life-cycle and juvenile recruitment to this phase is as low as 5% compared with 30 years ago. However, the continental phase in which eels spend up to 30 years before undertaking their spawning migration allows managers to direct effective conservation strategies. The existence of two morphotypes “broad-headed” and “narrow-headed” in the European eel has been historically documented and this discrete head shape variation has interested biologists across Europe for a considerable amount of time. This phenotypic variation is widespread across the panmictic eel population. The findings presented in this thesis have highlighted the importance of understanding the ecology of alternative phenotypes which can exist in European eels co-occurring within the same habitat, and results suggest there may be potential consequences on life history as a result of foraging strategy undertaken in a growth habitat, with varying lipid stores and growth rates found between individuals. These alternative foraging strategies’ which manifest themselves in head shape variability corresponded to significant variation in space use and activity patterns in lacustrine growth habitat. This provides the first empirical evidence that observed morphological variation leads to significant differences in movement behaviour. Feeding specialisations during the eel growth phase can have important consequences for population dynamics. Feeding strategies may incur greater risks from, for example, parasites. Intensity levels of the invasive nematode parasite Anguillicola crassus were associated with differences in ontogeny and trophic ecology. Infestation levels of parasites in affected fish revealed a significant negative relationship between fish length and parasite intensity, with smaller individuals having higher parasite intensity than larger individuals. This study indicates that food intake and infection risk are linked in the host-parasite system. The growth phase for eels in continental waters ends with a transition called “the silvering process” following which individuals begin migrating downstream towards marine waters to undertake their spawning migration to the Sargasso Sea. Understanding migration behaviour, life stage specific mortality and migration success at this important life stage, is critical to effective conservation management. The unimpeded downstream movement patterns and migration success of small female and male silver eels investigated during this study revealed a low success rate to open ocean. Only 26% of eels which initiated downstream migration were detected at the outermost end of an acoustic array located at the mouth of a sea lough. Telemetry equipment functioned efficiently at all locations, therefore this suggests high levels of mortality during sea lough migration, or less likely, long-term sea lough residence by silver eel emigrants. The overall research approach employed in this study i.e the combination of morphometric, stable isotope analysis and telemetry has allowed vital information to be gathered. Managers can utilise this information to employ appropriate conservation strategies for Anguilla anguilla as well as guiding future research directions.

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Spaventa, Eleanor. "Barriers to movement or individual rights? : towards a (non-) economic European constitution." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fd22f768-e610-4e4c-87aa-c4e402858360.

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This thesis explores the notion of barrier to intra-Community trade and movement as developed by the European Court of Justice. Through a critical assessment of the case law, it aims at identifying the content of the rights granted by the free movement provisions and at providing a normative justification capable of accommodating the evolution of the Court's interpretation. Thus, it is argued that some of the recent case law can be better explained having regard to the notion of the fundamental right to exercise an economic activity free of unjustified and disproportionate restrictions. Further, other problematic strands of case law can be better explained having regard to the fundamental rights discourse. The thesis therefore challenges the traditional doctrinal approaches to the free movement provisions, to suggest that the broad interpretation currently adopted by the Court in this field cannot be justified having sole regard to a Ideological interpretation of the free movement provisions. Instead, it suggests that the developments in the case law should be appreciated in the context of the constitutional changes which have occurred in the past decade in the European Union. Thus, it links the extensive interpretation given to the free movement of persons provisions, to the introduction of Union citizenship, to argue that the normative justification for the Court's case law is better found in a joint reading of the free movement of persons and Union citizenship provisions. Thus, the extensive approach adopted in the field of free movement of persons signals the emergence of a new constitutional dimension whereby the individual is protected also qua citizen, rather than just qua economic actor.

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Sweeting, Jane Elizabeth. "The gender implications of the European Community Free Movement of Persons provisions." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/703.

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This thesis was carried out as part of a wider comparative study that was funded by the University of Plymouth and the Equal Opportunities Unit of the European Commission. Researchers from Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Sweden participated in this study. This thesis is based on the research that was carried out in London for which the author was solely responsible. The impetus for this research was to explore the implications for women of a largely unexplored aspect of European Community (EC) legislation. A lot of attention has focused on EC equal opportunities legislation but very little has been written about the impact of other more fundamental aspects of European Community legislation on women. This thesis therefore makes an important contribution to the EC gender equality debate by providing an understanding of the Free Movement of Persons Provisions - which serve as the basis for European citizenship - from a gender perspective. This research is based on three components; secondary data analysis, in particular the Labour Force Survey and a literature review of migration studies and issues concerning women and citizenship. The investigation also involves an analysis of primary, secondary and case law relating to the Free Movement of Persons provisions. The main empirical element of this research is an analysis of fifty in-depth life history interviews with European Union national women who had migrated to Great Britain and who were living in London in 1995. This thesis exposes the limitations of existing data sources and migration literature concerning the nature and process of migration for this group of women. It is argued that migration has been reported as a male phenomenon, which has perpetuated a myth, that migration is a male rather than female affair. A discussion of citizenship issues at a national level reveals the secondary citizenship status of women. These gendered assumptions about migration and the operation of citizenship rights are echoed in the way in which the Free Movement of Persons provisions have been developing and are at odds with the European Union's commitment to gender equality

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Mueller, Tadzio. "Other worlds, other values : alternative value practices in the European anticapitalist movement." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436234.

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Richard, Picchi Anne-Isabelle Gijsbregtje Claire Frederieke Sophie Valérie. "Colonialism and the European movement in France and the Netherlands, 1925-1936." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609320.

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Mathers, Andrew. "The European Marches Network against Unemployment, Job Insecurity and Social Exclusion : collective action beyond class?" Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274386.

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This thesis is a study of the development of the European Marches Network against Unemployment, Job Insecurity and Social Exclusion. It is considered as a component of an emerging international social movement that has contested the consequences of neoliberal European integration to develop the goal of a social and democratic Europe as part of a different world order. This study engages critically with the dominant sociological paradigm of social movements that renders the class politics associated with the labour movement as anachronistic. This paradigm asserts that fundamental socio-structural changes dictate that to be progressive, contemporary new social movements (NSMs) have to operate according to a new logic of collective action that is beyond class. The Network is investigated through the application of ethnographic methods that are integrated into a dialectical analysis. This methodological approach involved the author taking the role of `activist-researcher' that was consistent with his commitment to producing knowledge that was not only about progressive social change but also useful to the collective struggle to achieve it. The findings of the empirical investigation are presented under the headings of 'mobilisation', 'agenda formation' and 'organisation'. These headings represent three interconnected elements of collective action that form the totality of the Network. The Network is related to the locally and nationally based economic and social struggles through which it developed and is also located within a broader international social movement of which it was a product and producer. Various elements of the Network arising from the investigation are discussed in relation to the work of writers from the dominant paradigm. It is argued that the Network is not comprehensible as a manifestation of a postmaterial politics that is beyond class, but rather as a form of class politics in the present conjuncture of neoliberal restructuring. Therefore, it is concluded that far from indicating the terminal decline of labour as a progressive social actor, the Network suggests its renewal as a social movement.

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Animento, Stefania. "Bringing Movement into Class Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22844.

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Migration wird oft als soziales Problem dargestellt, das mit Benachteiligungen einhergeht. Allerdings hat die Migrationsforschung in den letzten Jahren gezeigt, dass Migration sich u.a. durch Klasse, Geschlecht und Ethnizität ausdifferenziert. Diese Studie fokussiert auf das Konzept der sozialen Klasse. Die Studie schlägt vor, Mobilität als Ressource zu betrachten, die in der Gesellschaft ungleichmäßig verteilt ist. Wie beeinflusst die soziale Klasse der Migrant_innen ihre räumliche Mobilität und die Art und Weise, wie sie mit Migrationsregimen interagieren? Wie beeinflusst ihre Mobilität die Prozesse von Klassenformation, in denen sie während der Migration involviert werden? Die Analyse erfolgt durch die Untersuchung der Migrationsgeschichten von jungen italienischen Migrant_innen, die seit 2008 nach Berlin zugewandert sind. Sie basiert auf einem Mix an Methoden, bzw. einer Online-Umfrage, 40 Interviews, drei Fokus-Gruppen und zahlreichen teilnehmenden Beobachtungen. Erstens untersucht der theoretische Teil die Entwicklung des Konzeptes der sozialen Klasse und deckt die Leerstellen der Klassenforschung auf. Zweitens wird im empirischen Teil den Zugang italienischer Migrant_innen zu Wohnen und Arbeit in Berlin untersucht. Schließlich beweist die Studie, dass das Regime der „freien“ EU-Binnenmigration wohl durch die Entstehung von Grenzen auf lokaler Ebene gekennzeichnet ist. Nach der Analyse scheint dieses Regime eher eine Lebensführung zu favorisieren, in der permanente Mobilisierung der eigenen Arbeitskraft notwendig ist. Die Studie bestätigt, dass Mobilität als Ressource zu betrachten ist, die zunehmend relevant für den Lebensunterhalt ist, und plädiert deshalb dafür, eine kritische Perspektive auf Migration zu entwickeln, die den Fokus auf die Frage nach der Kontrolle und Eigentum von Mobilität setzt.
Migration has been studied for long time as a social problem, both for migrants and for sending and destination countries. However, research shows that migration has become increasingly differentiated along social, economic, gender and cultural lines. The present study unravels the concept of migration by introducing social class as a crucial intervening variable. It suggests considering mobility as an income-generating resource unevenly distributed across the population. How does the social class of migrants affect their mobility and the ways how it is incorporated into a migration regime? How is mobility related to processes of class formation in contemporary capitalism? The study focusses on the case of young Italian migrants who moved to Berlin after the economic crisis of 2008. Firstly, it tackles the rise, decline and renaissance of the class concept, showing the blind spots of class analysis. Secondly, the empirical part, based on a web survey, 40 interviews, 3 focus groups and several participant observations, explains how Italian migrants access resources in Berlin developing a life conduct predicated on mobility. The imperative to move spills over from the domain of spatial mobility into the domain of work, with the refusal of doing the same job “forever”, and into that of reproduction, with the construction of flexible forms of emotional engagement. The research highlights how newcomers enter processes of social differentiation on the housing and labor market. Endless mobilization of young labour force appears as the main policy goal for the governance of intra-EU migration. The analysis finally suggests considering mobility as a class-related resource, whose ownership and control should become a crucial issue for the understanding of contemporary societies.

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Lynch, Peter. "From Versailles to Maastricht : nationalist and regionalist parties and European integration." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1314/.

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European integration has increasingly shaped the political opportunity structure of minority nationalism. This thesis studies the attitudes and responses to European union of nationalist and regionalist parties from Brittany, Flanders, Scotland and Wales, in addition to cooperation between the parties and the emergence of transnational regionalism through the development of the European Free Alliance. Whilst nationalist and regionalist parties responded to the broad themes of European integration, and demonstrated preferences for an integovernmental or federal Europe, the EC has brought a range of specific opportunities and resources to aid minority nationalism and self-determination. This involved the EC's challenge to traditional national sovereignty, responses to EC policies and participation in European elections. However, the most significant effect of European integration was its ability to shape and influence party goals and strategies for self-determination. The goals of the nationalist parties of Scotland and Wales became heavily Europeanised to fit the new European context that emerged in the 1980s with the Single European Act. This led to a reversal of policy and attitudes towards the EC, and a relaunch of the idea of self-government in the new Europe. Attitudes towards the Maastricht Treaty also demonstrated the flexible responses of nationalist parties to economic and political sovereignty in contrast to the inflexible attitudes of the 1970s. Regionalist parties in contrast showed more stable attitudes to European union. They used the issue to complement demands for regional autonomy and federalism by linking domestic demands to European developments. Though regionalists demonstrated strong affective links to European union, they were less able to turn the issue to their advantage in political debate or elections. They increasingly Europeanised their autonomy position, often using arguments associated with nationalism rather than regionalism. This mixing of agendas brought a blurring of distinctions between nationalist and regionalist political positions.

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Berglund, Emma. "Rights, Inclusion and Free Movement : Social Rights and Citizenship in the European Union." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131864.

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The free movement of persons in the EU has been fraught with tension since the Eastern enlargements. This culminated in 2016 when the UK demanded the possibility to limit rights and benefits to intra-EU migrants, making for a fresh investigation into the state of the free movement. From a constructivist perspective of rights and citizenship this in-depth case study aims to elucidate how EU actors describe the free movement of persons. It will further look at how they situate limitations and obstacles and analyze what this reflects in terms of underlying logics and rationales of rights and citizenship in the EU free movement regime. The interviews with EU actors reveal how distinctions of politically constructed categories of migrants which define Insiders and Outsiders are used to rationalize who has the right to social rights. Inclusion is defined in terms of market liberalism and individual responsibility, logics which thus also define the Insiders of Europe. This produces an image of the EU citizen and indirectly defines those who diverge from this image as Outsiders, including “lesser” Europeans. The underlying logics within the EU could therefore contribute to negative perceptions of those who cannot meet the requirements of the ideal European.

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Newes-Adeyi, Gabriella. "The Belgian Rexist Movement before the Second World War: Success and Failure." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1364207105.

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Mei, Anne Pieter van der. "Free movement of persons within the European Community cross-border access to public benefits /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2001. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5984.

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Kayser, Robin. "Land and liberty : the Non-European Unity Movement and the land question, 1933-1976." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13448.

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Include bibliographical references.
This dissertation examines the political practice of the Non-European Unity Movement (NEUM) in the South African countryside during the latter half of the Twentieth Century. It demonstrates that the NEUM was the only liberation movement in South Africa which maintained that the land question was one of the most fundamental questions confronting the liberatory struggle in South Africa. It shows how the NEUM acted on their belief that the acute land-hunger experienced by the majority of the population in South Africa would be the mobilising force for a revolutionary overthrow of the existing political, social and economic order in South Africa This dissertation argues that the NEUM was the only liberation movement to consistently assign importance to the political organisation of what it termed the "landless peasantry" in the African reserves. Through a series of case studies this dissertation charts the trajectory of the NEUM's political work in the South African countryside from the early 1940s until the early 1970s. In so doing the dissertation also challenges the established historiography whic maintains that the NEUM shied away from popular struggles and did not develop into an organisation rooted among the population. The study commences with outlining the historical roots and ideological foundation of the NEUM. The bulk of the dissertation examines the practical implementation of the NEUM's political strategy in the countryside. It shows that between 1945 and the early 1960s the African reserves were seething with political ferment as rural dwellers resisted the implementation of numerous oppressive laws and regulations. Through supporting and attempting to provide direction to reserve dwellers in their struggles, the NEUM cadres gained a peasant following. By the early 1960s the NEUM laid claim to have captured the support of several numerically significant peasant organisations that emerged out of the struggles in the reserves. The final chapters of the dissertation argue that South Africa entered a "pre-revolutionary phase" in the early 1960s. They suggest that had the NEUM succeeded in gaining the necessary support in Africa to launch an armed campaign, the outcome of the liberatory struggle in South Africa may well have been fundamentally different. These chapters examine the changes in political strategy adopted by the NEUM in the early 1960s and the rapid growth of the African Peoples' Democratic Union of Southern Africa (a new national political organisation launched by the NEUM in 1961) among rural dwellers and migrant workers.

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Bader, Adeeb M. A. "European Union's foreign policy toward the Palestinian Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) : inconsistencies and paradoxes." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14520.

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Investigation of the European Union’s foreign policy towards Hamas acquires its significance as a topic from the undemocratic way in which the (supposedly) democratic EU pursues its strategy since, according to its own rhetoric, this should have been normatively undertaken. In examining inconsistencies and paradoxes in the EU discourse towards Hamas, and the determinants underlying such contradictions, the study scrutinizes questions of ‘how’ and ‘why’, focusing mainly on identities and self-interests as lenses borrowed from constructivism and neorealism, as well as the influence of external actors on the way the EU functions towards Hamas. Behind such inconsistency stands a cultural-historical heritage, part of the mind-set of the European decision-makers. The contradictory status of the association between the two actors is formed by the main interactively-constructed and conflictual socio-political components arising from the reality of the EU as a stability-seeking and security-driven actor in Palestine, and the self-definition of Hamas as a freedom-fighter striving for the liberation of its lands. Being defenders of the culturally-drawn meanings given by the EU to Palestine as a ‘promised land’ for the Jews within a two-state solution, and those given to it by Hamas as an ‘Islamic Waqf’ is another field of identities’ clash between the two actors. The Israeli factor, regarded in practice as a fixed, constant and purely Western and European interest in the Middle East, along with the dominant influence of the US on its EU partner, are emphasized as main determinants of EU policy towards Hamas. On the macro and micro levels, the determinants of the EU decision making process, and the way the EU functions when its perceived interests are threatened must be understood when any decision on relations with the EU is taken, particularly by the Palestinian resistance factions. At the same time, the EU should also examine its own inconsistencies in dealing with Hamas as a ‘terrorist’ organization and boycotting its democratically-elected government, in order to avoid repeating the ‘trial and error’ approach with the new powers rising in the ‘Arab spring’ countries, and to adapt itself to change in Palestine accordingly.

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Jileva, Elena Dimitrova. "Demonstrating solidarity? : Cohesion policy and freedom of movement of people in an enlarged European Union." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271888.

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Waddington, Robert. "Which Way Now?: A n Examination of the Ideological Movement of the British Labour Party between 1974 and 1992." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625834.

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Steinfeld, Martin Henry. "Free movement of persons and social constructivism? : a social constructivist perspective on the emergence of the concept of EU citizenship prior to its formal establishment in the Treaty on European Union." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709133.

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Chouhan, Anita. "Free movement of a Union citizen within the European Union : What criteria must a family member of a Union Citizen fulfil in order to move to a Member State?" Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15086.

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The treaty on the functioning of the European Union provides certain rights to the Union Citizens. One of the fundamental rights is that of free movement of Union citizens. A citi-zen within the European Union has the right to freely move and reside within the territory of the Member States. Family members of a Union citizen also obtains right to move to a Member State. However, the family members have to fulfil certain conditions in the Resi-dence Directive in order to move to a Member State. The question of what criteria a family member must fulfil has been controversial because the Member States have interpreted the EU-law in different ways. Consequently, through preliminary rulings ECJ has come to dif-ferent conclusions hence the controversy. The interpretation of the EU-law concerned whether a Member State can impose an addi-tional requirement on a family member of a Union citizen or not. This is what the Member States have different views on. The implication of the requirement was that a family mem-ber must have had a prior lawful residence in a Member State in order to move to another Member State. This is the outcome in one of the cases where an additional requirement set by a Member State was to be considered as compatible with the EU-law. However, this view was to be reviewed in another case, as imposing a requirement was in contrary to the EU-law and to the internal market within the European Union. It is clear that including an additional requirement is not in compliance within the EU-law. Mainly because the applying an additional requirement is not provided for in the Residence Directive. Additionally, it would restrict family members to move as well as it would hinder Union citizens to lead a normal family life.

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ANIMENTO, STEFANIA. "Bringing movement into class analysis: the case of young Italian migrants in Berlin." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241263.

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La sociologia si è occupata a lungo delle migrazioni come un problema sociale. Tuttavia, di recente, è stato dimostrato che queste si differenziano su basi sociali, economiche, culturali e di genere. Da tale differenziazione, questa ricerca decostruisce il concetto di migrazione, includendo l’analisi della classe sociale come componente fondamentale per la comprensione del fenomeno. Dalla crisi del 2008, il gap socio-economico tra Nord e Sud Europa si è allargato, producendo nuovi flussi migratori. In dieci anni, in capitali come Londra e Berlino il numero di giovani sud europei è quasi raddoppiato. Anche se l’immigrazione è divenuta centrale nelle politiche europee e nella ricerca sociologica, questi flussi hanno suscitato scarso interesse. In contesti di crescita demografica e aumento dei prezzi delle case, come Berlino, i migranti sud-europei sono considerati, da una parte, migranti economici, dall’altra come giovani in cerca di uno stile di vita urbano e cosmopolita nei quartieri in via di gentrificazione. La ricerca analizza le ragioni politiche ed analitiche alla base dei processi di categorizzazione della mobilità. Per farlo, si considera questa come risorsa che genera reddito, ma in un modo iniquo. Quali sono I modi in cui la classe sociale influenza la mobilità e come questa viene incorporata in un regime di governance della migrazione? Come va intesa la relazione tra mobilità e processi di formazione di classe? La ricerca oscilla tra queste domande, contribuendo ai campi dell’analisi della classe sociale e degli studi sulla migrazione in due modi distinti. In primo luogo, la parte teorica volge all’analisi dell’ascesa, del declino e della riscoperta del concetto di classe sociale, problematizzandone le teorie. Inoltre, si riconsidera il concetto Weberiano della “condotta di vita” per comprendere il ruolo dei rapporti di produzione e di riproduzione. In secondo luogo quindi, la parte empirica della ricerca, basata su una web survey, 40 interviste e 3 focus groups, studia i modi di accesso alle risorse sviluppati da giovani italiani emigrati a Berlino. Si illustra come questi abbiano una condotta di vita basata su un continuo imperativo a muoversi che esonda dal campo della mobilità spaziale a quello del lavoro, o anche alle relazioni. Si analizza come i giovani migranti siano coinvolti da processi di differenziazione sociale nel mercato del lavoro e in quello abitativo; in che modo interagiscano con i processi di “inclusione differenziale” influenzati sia dall'economia che dall'istituzione statale. La logica del “the best and the brightest” si manifesta già con le procedure per la registrazione anagrafica, cruciale per stabilizzarsi in città. Così viene riconosciuto lo status formale di migranti dell’Unione Europea e assegnato un posto all’interno della “gerarchia di cittadinanza”. Coloro che invece rimangono a lungo esclusi dall’ottenimento della registrazione, continuano ad essere considerati come turisti, vivendo esperienze di estremo sfruttamento e deprivazione. Esposti alle forze centrifughe della precarietà abitativa, occupazionale e relazionale; molti sviluppano una quotidianità marcata dal consumo di droghe e dal clubbing. La ricerca mostra come gli stessi migranti contribuiscano a definire i confini simbolici tra i meritevoli e i non, partendo dall'etica del lavoro o di un misurato edonismo. In conclusione la ricerca dimostra come la migrazione di giovani dal Sud verso il Nord dell’Europa, tutt’altro che “libera” e priva di attriti e condizionamenti, sia gestita localmente con un' “inclusione differenziale”. La governance della migrazione non punta infatti ad una riduzione del fenomeno, ma ad una sua intensificazione e all'attivazione di una mobilità permanente. Così, se la mobilità diventa una risorsa, economica innanzitutto, la questione centrale nella società contemporanea riguarda la proprietà di questa risorsa ed il suo controllo.
For long time research has studied migration as a social problem, focusing on the disadvantages connected with it. However, it has recently proved that migration has become increasingly differentiated along social, economic, gender and cultural lines. Against this diversifying background, the research intends to unravel the concept of migration by introducing social class as a crucial intervening variable. Since the economic crisis started in 2008, the social and economic gap between the North and the South of Europe has widened. A major effect has been the increase of migratory flows of young people. In metropolises like Berlin or London, young South Europeans have almost doubled within ten years. While migration has become a central node of European politics and research, however, these migratory flows have been largely neglected. In urban contexts characterized by growing population and exploding rent prices, such as Berlin, young South Europeans are framed at one time as economic migrants repopulating the guest workers routes and lifestyle migrants moving to the gentrifying neighborhoods of the city. The research questions the political and analytical grounds of such processes of categorization of human mobility. It suggests considering mobility as an income-generating resource unevenly distributed across the population. The exploration of differentials of mobility, i.e. the different access to power and control over fixity and mobility, is the analytical key to open the black-box of migration. How does the social class of migrants affect their mobility and the ways how it is incorporated into a migration regime? How is mobility related to processes of class formation in contemporary capitalism? The analysis oscillates between the two research questions, contributing to the fields of Class Analysis and Migration Research in two distinct ways. Firstly, the theoretical part tackles the rise, decline and renaissance of the class concept, showing the blind spots of class analysis. It pleads for the re-discovery of the Weberian concept of life conduct to hold together the role of production and reproduction in people´s practices of livelihood. Secondly, the empirical part, i.e. a web survey, 40 interviews and 3 focus groups, explains how Italian migrants access resources in Berlin developing a life conduct predicated on mobility. The imperative to move spills over from the domain of spatial mobility into the domain of work, with the refusal of doing the same job “forever”, and into that of reproduction, with the construction of flexible forms of emotional engagement. Newcomers enter processes of social differentiation on the housing and labor market, in interaction with “differential inclusion” operated by state and market. The logic of “the best and the brightest” applies to them via a mix of requirements for getting a registration, the key to fixing oneself to the city. Once registered, they formally become migrant subjects placed in a quite privileged position within the hierarchy of citizenship status. Those who are stuck in the fatiguing process of registering, however, are formally considered as tourists, while they are experiencing deprivation and hyper-exploitation. Exposed to strong centrifugal forces such as housing, occupational and relational precarity, they often engage in clubbing and drugs. The research highlights how migrants participate in the construction of symbolic boundaries between deserving and undeserving movers, based on the valorization of hard work and moderated hedonism. Finally, migration from the South to the North of Europe, far from being “free” and frictionless, is managed by processes of differential inclusion placed at the local level. Endless mobilization, rather than migration reduction, appears as the main policy goal for the governance of intra-EU migration. If mobility is a resource, then, the crucial issue is about its ownership and control in contemporary societies.

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26

CORREA, MOEMA VIEIRA GOMES. "HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: BERGAMA MOVEMENT (TURKEY) AGAINST GOLD MINING. EUROPEAN STANDARDS IN THE MARGINS?" PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12986@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A presente dissertação analisa o caso do movimento social de Bergama, surgido na Turquia, nos anos 1990, como resistência local à mineração de ouro por uma corporação transnacional, esta apoiada pelo governo nacional. Frente a estes antagonistas, a luta local provocou a formação de uma rede de ativismo transnacional em apoio à causa. A fim de contestar duplos padrões nas atividades de corporações transnacionais e agências financiadoras, que prejudicam a subsistência de grupos subalternos, a rede invocou conjuntamente normas ambientais e de direitos humanos em prol da justiça ambiental. Tal estratégia se insere na crescente formulação, por atores coletivos, de uma linguagem de novos direitos. Assim, a pesquisa examina processos de contenda transnacional que permitiram ao movimento ter acesso a instituições supranacionais européias - o Parlamento Europeu, a Comissão Européia e a Corte Européia de Direitos Humanos. Investiga-se então a resposta destas instituições às demandas do movimento, bem como os impactos de suas intervenções, de modo a avaliar especialmente os potenciais e limites da estratégia baseada em direitos para grupos desproporcionalmente afetados pela degradação ambiental. A discussão do caso revela como é difícil demandar a observância de padrões europeus nas margens do sistema-mundo moderno/colonial, onde se localizam as atividades mais degradantes, e os Estados são mais vulneráveis às pressões do capitalismo global. Ademais, expõe a imbricação entre processos locais, regionais e globais, bem como a impossibilidade de separar de forma estanque política doméstica e internacional, no emaranhado das relações intranacionais, transnacionais e internacionais, permeadas pela colonialidade do poder.
This dissertation analyzes the Bergama social movement, which arose in Turkey in the 1990s as local resistance to gold mining by a transnational corporation supported by the national government. Facing these antagonists, the local struggle lead to the establishment of a transnational advocacy network. In order to defy double standards in the activities of transnational corporations and financing agencies, which threaten the livelihoods of subaltern groups, the network appealed to both environmental and human rights norms on behalf of environmental justice. Such a strategy involves the framing process by collective actors of a language of new rights. Thus, the dissertation examines the processes of transnational contention that allowed the movement to gain access to European supranational institutions - the European Parliament, the European Commission, and the European Court of Human Rights. The response of these institutions to the movement`s demands is examined, as well as the impacts of their interventions, particularly so as to evaluate the limits and potential of a rights-based strategy for groups disproportionately affected by environmental degradation. The case reveals how difficult it is to demand respect for European standards at the margins of the modern/colonial world-system, where the heaviest polluting activity is to be found, and states are more vulnerable to the pressures of global capitalism. Furthermore, it shows how local, regional and global processes are inextricably interwoven, hence the impossibility to make a clear-cut distinction between domestic and international politics amidst the entanglement of intra-, trans- and international relations, all permeated with the coloniality of power.

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Brooks, Eleanor. "Public health, free movement and macroeconomic coordination : mapping the evolving governance of European Union health policy." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/80865/.

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Health is a unique and intriguing sphere of European Union (EU) policy, not least of all because it has only been recognised as such for the last 15 years. From piecemeal origins in public health and occupational safety it underwent dramatic expansion as a result of exposure to free movement and internal market law in the 1990s. Now, in the aftermath of the economic crisis, it is entering another unprecedented era. As the focus of the European project has turned to fiscal sustainability and the strengthening of collective economic governance, health policy has been swept into frameworks designed for the oversight of macroeconomic policy and national expenditure. Crucially, these frameworks extend EU health influence into areas reserved in the founding treaties for exclusive national control. This thesis seeks to map the changing nature, scope and governance of EU health policy, contributing to the existing patchwork of literature and reviewing the prevailing narrative in light of the critical juncture now being faced. It draws on the theories of European integration, the Europeanisation framework and the more recent governance approaches to assess the continuing relevance of core themes – crisis politics, regulatory policy, the internal market, new modes of governance, and the role of the Court – in health policy development. Using six case studies and data from 41 interviews with experts, policy-makers and officials, it examines the catalysts, drivers and dynamics of health policy integration. It finds that as the actors and interests involved in health policy have proliferated, health issues have become increasingly politicised. Addressing the consequences of this trend, the thesis explores the growing dependence on, and progressive strengthening of, voluntarist governance, as well as the declining scope and influence of EU health policy. Finally, it reflects upon the future of health within a politicised European integration project.

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Buhr, Nathan P. "Contemporary Perceptions of the Solidarity Movement Held by Polish Nationals." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1168.

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Widespread participation in the 1980s Solidarity movement by Polish nationals of both genders, varying ideologies, and differing political backgrounds has led to diverse views of the history and narrative of the movement that today is interpreted in differing ways by groups and individuals. To gain a better understanding of how Poles view this unique time period of their history a survey featuring 54 questions was dispatched to and completed by over 121 Polish nationals. All questions relate to the Solidarity movement in categories covering: Prominent People, Media, Economics, Religion, and Education and concluding with a free-write section for additional comments by participants. The results show near common agreement on some points while in other areas participants expressed conflicting opinions and views. These varying perspectives reflect the ongoing debate concerning the ethos of the Solidarity movement in addition to its effect on contemporary Polish culture.

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von, Brömssen Kerstin. "2083 – A European Declaration of Independence - An Analysis of Discourses from the Extreme." Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-27400.

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This paper analyses three of the dominating discourses Anders Behring Breivik used in his compendium, the official title of which is 2083 – A European Declaration of Independence, also known as Breivik's Manifesto. It is believed Breivik posted his Manifesto on the Internet shortly before the attacks in Norway in July, 2011. The number 2083 stands for the year when the "Western European Civil War" was expected to be completed, all traitors executed, and all Muslims deported from Europe. This article will discuss dominating discourses in the Manifesto, seen from a background of a European multicultural backlash, in which the political far-right movement is increasing. Furthermore, this article will end with a discussion of education and the importance of analysis of such phenomena within different subjects.

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30

Arcan, Ozge. "Securing Freedom Of Movement Of Persons In The Eu: A Governmentality Perspective." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612796/index.pdf.

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This thesis examines how the right of free movement of persons is governed through surveillance databases represented as security measures by applying the governmentality perspective. In order to do that, the study focuses on the relationship between freedom of movement, security and surveillance databases in the European Union such as Schengen Information System (SIS), European Dactylographic System (EURODAC) and the Europol Computer System (TECS). The main argument of the thesis is to analyze the role of surveillance databases in controlling the free movements of certain kinds of people that are seen as a "
threat"
to the European internal security.

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Gehrold, Andrea [Verfasser]. "Wing moult and movement behaviour of anatids, with focus on the European Gadwall (Anas strepera) / Andrea Gehrold." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1079909788/34.

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Hemus, Ruth. "Dada's female form : the interventions of five women artists, writers and performers in the European Dada movement." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24694.

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This thesis establishes the ways in which women made important contributions to the Dada movement in Europe by exploring the work of five individuals: Emmy Hennings and Sophie Taeuber in Zurich, Hannah Höch in Berlin, and Suzanne Duchamp and Céline Arnauld in Paris. Between them, these women represent the three principal geographic centres of the movement and encompass contributions across fine art, literature and performance. In each of five chapters I examine the work of the individual woman within the Dada context. In the case of the two women participants in Paris, the painter Duchamp and poet Arnauld, this work has scarcely been documented, let alone examined. More research has been undertaken into the work of the fine artists Taeuber and Höch, but there has been some tendency to distance these individuals from the Dada context, and not all aspects of their contributions have been given weight. In Hennings’s case, the emphasis on biography has all but obliterated her contributions to both performance and poetry. In general accounts of Dada, the names of these women participants, and others, have been frequently relegated to footnotes, with scarce consideration of the nature and impact of their work. They are often mentioned only as the wives, girlfriends or sisters of Dada men. The question of women’s position, status and interventions in Dada, meanwhile, has been largely overlooked or even rejected as a course of enquiry. Yet Dada is acknowledged as a revolutionary movement, a challenger of aesthetic, cultural and even socio-political conventions, so that an evaluation of gender relationships is even more compelling. I discuss the ways in which each woman’s work displays techniques and approaches characteristic of Dada. Additionally, I demonstrate how her interventions extend Dada and challenge accepted definitions. Finally, I explore the impact of gender both on the relationships within each group, and on the resulting artistic work. In these ways I show the women to have been not just imitators but innovators.

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33

Sadeldeen, Amro. "European civil actors for Palestinian rights and a Palestinian globalized movement: How norms and pathways have developed." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/230778.

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The thesis is related to transnational social movements’ production of knowledge. Particularly, the research investigates the developed norms and pathways of a Palestinian-transnational movement (the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement- The BDS movement) during its formation period. The thesis reviews major social movement theories (i.e. Sidney Tarrow and Margeret Sikkink). While benefiting from major aspects of these theories, the thesis discovers that the researched movement suggests major deviations from these theories. Hence, the thesis mobilizes other literature, particularly of Pierre Bourdieu, to better account for cultural and social dimensions. This choice is enforced by the presence of academics that form a pillar in the movement. Yet, the thesis mobilizes together diverse dimensions from social movement literature, sociology and history (i.e. the historical trajectory of individual and collective actors), and with a constant check with the case itself. The methodological choice of the research goes back and forth between theories and the case (abductive methodology). Two chapters of the thesis are dedicated to the agency of the Palestinian actors in addition to interactions inside the field of power in Palestine. Another two chapters discuss transnational relations with a focus on European actors. Specific cases are chosen from interactions with Belgian and British actors. Moreover, interactions in three transnational fora are discussed.The research concludes that this transnational movement infuses diverse norms from different experiences and regions while adhering to universal norms such as comprehensive human rights. Moreover, the movement follows diverse pathways that include a Palestinian emergence, a Global Southern path and through the North. And these pathways enforce the adherence of the movement to specific norms. Such findings diverge from “Euro-centric” approaches in discussed social movements’ literature in the thesis. The research finally discusses other literature more relevant to the case (i.e. by Amitav Acharya), which argues that local actors try to protect their norms from abuse by central forces, and they do not only import norms but also diffuse new norms. The thesis ends up with questions for further research on the patterns of norms diffusion.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Diamond, Jeffrey Mark. "Developing indigenous and European knowledge : the vernacular education movement and neo-orientalism in the Punjab, 1849-1870." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269764.

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35

Omerovic, Adelisa. "The interplay between free movement provisions of persons and double taxation of individuals in the European Union." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-61201.

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36

Horsley, Thomas. "Space to breathe : subsidiarity, the Court of Justice and EU Free Movement Law." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6390.

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This thesis explores subsidiarity's untapped potential as an enforceable legal principle in EU law. To date, discussion of the principle's function in European integration remains overly focused on its effect as a restraint on the Union legislature. In the first part of the thesis, I seek to challenge this entrenched view. Specifically, I question whether or not the subsidiarity principle could and, ultimately, should apply also as a brake on the interpretative authority of the Court of Justice. Arguing that subsidiarity does indeed have a role to play in this context, I then turn to examine, in the second part of the thesis, the implications of this conclusion for the Court's interpretation of the scope of the Treaty provisions guaranteeing intra-EU movement. In the final analysis, I argue that the subsidiarity principle necessitates an adjustment of the Court's current approach to defining the concept of an obstacle to intra-EU movement. This adjustment isolates and protects an appropriate sphere of Member State regulatory competence from the Court's scrutiny at Union level. In so doing, it ensures that, in the process of establishing and managing a functioning internal market, Member States retain some space to breathe.

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37

Dahlman, Nina. "Demokrati och sociala rörelser : En diskussion om demokratisynen hos deltagare vid European Social Forum 2008." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3322.

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Det här är en uppsats som behandlar demokratisynen hos deltagare vid European Social Forum 2008 i Malmö. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om det finns samband mellan erfarenheter av politiska handlingar, identifiering med den globala rättviserörelsen och synen på hur demokratiska beslut i allmänhet bör fattas. Individer inom den globala rättviserörelsen kan ses som handlande subjekt inom utvecklingen av demokratiska system, då rörelsen formulerar en kritik mot globalisering och odemokratiska beslutsformer och strävar efter att möjliggöra en annan form av globalisering och en annan form av demokrati. Teoretiskt tar undersökningen avstamp i tre idealtypiska demokratiformer: deltagardemokrati, deliberativ demokrati och representativ demokrati, som har tre skilda utgångspunkter när det gäller former för beslutsprocesser. Även politiskt handlande går att skilja åt teoretiskt, i form av kollektivt och individuellt politiskt handlande. Genom en statistisk analys i form av faktoranalys och regression i verktyget SPSS har jag visat att erfarenheter påverkar synen på demokrati. En deltagardemokratisk syn främjas bland annat av en stark identifiering med den globala rättviserörelsen, erfarenhet av konfrontativa politiska handlingar och erfarenhet av deltagardemokratiska mötesformer. En deliberativ demokratisyn främjas bland annat av en stark identifiering med den globala rättviserörelsen, erfarenhet av konfrontativa politiska handlingar och erfarenhet av deliberativt demokratiska mötesformer. En representativ demokratisyn främjas av erfarenhet av rörelse- och föreningsaktivitet på europeisk nivå och erfarenhet av representativt och informativt politiskt handlande. Resultaten visar också att individers demokratisyn är komplex och ofta innehåller element från flera olika idealtypiska demokratimodeller.

This is a thesis about views on democracy among participants at the European Social Forum in Malmö 2008. The aim is to study if there are any statistical connections between experience of political actions, identification with the global justice movement and the view on democracy. The theoretical frames of the thesis are twofold: theories on democracy and theories on political actions. Democracy is divided into three different systems: participatory democracy, deliberative democracy and representative democracy. Political actions are divided into collective and individual political actions. By carrying out a statistical analysis through regression and factor analysis am I able to confirm that an experience of political actions have a statistical influence on an individual view on democracy. A participatory view is influenced by a strong identification with the global justice movement, experiences of confrontation as political method and experiences of participatory ways of making political decisions. A deliberative view is influenced by a strong identification with the global justice movement, experiences of confrontation as political method and experiences of deliberative ways of making decisions. A representative view on democracy is influenced by experiences of European movement- or association activity and experiences of representative and informative political actions. The results show that individual’s view on democracy is a question of great complexity and is often containing elements from different democratic ideals.

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Wiberg, Caroline. "Cross Border Inheritances and European Community Law : Juridical double taxation of inheritances and the free movement of capital." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11110.

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Double taxation is known as restricting the free flow of capital and accordingly results in a limited access of the internal market. Although, not many Member States have entered into double taxation conventions in order to avoid juridical double taxation of inheritances. The question then arises whether this failure to eliminate juridical double taxation is restricting the free movement of capital. The ECJ‟s case law regarding inheritance taxes are very varying. In its initial case law, the ECJ stated that national measures which reduce the value of the inheritance are in breach of EC law. Even measures which could restrict investors in one Member State from investing in other Member States are considered to be a breach of EC law. The ECJ also stated that discriminating situations could not be justified with the argument that these situations arise due to the co-existence of national tax systems. Given these facts, it seems like juridical double taxation is likely to constitute a breach of EC law. The ECJ has however only concentrated on which effect the national provisions in a single Member State may have and have not given concern to which effect these provisions may have in connection with the tax provisions in other Member States. The author believes that the Court takes this approach because of a respect of the Member States fiscal sovereignty.

This respect also shows in the Block case. In this case the ECJ made it clear that juridical double taxation, caused by the co-existence of national tax systems, is not considered to be a breach of EC law. The ECJ also stated that when the Member States develops their tax systems, due to the lack of harmonised Community rules regarding direct taxation, they are not obliged to adapt to the tax systems of other Member States in order to avoid double taxation. The ECJ also made it clear that the citizens are not guaranteed a neutral tax situation when transferring their place of residence. In this thesis a comparison has also been made to judgements where the ECJ considers economic double taxation to be a breach of EC law. After studying all these cases it seems like the ECJ considers juridical double taxation to be an undesirable restriction of the free flow of capital. But even though the ECJ encourages the Member States to enter into double taxation conventions, there are no consequences when the Member States fail to do this. The difference between cases regarding economic double taxation and juridical double taxation could be that the ECJ considers it to be too far reaching to judge juridical double taxation as a breach of EC law and do not want to regulate how this restriction shall be avoided and thereby take the role of the Community legislator or breach the fiscal sovereignty of the Member States. The author believes that it would be more beneficial for the internal market if juridical double taxation was avoided and that it would not be harmful if the ECJ would give the Member States some incentives for entering into double taxation conventions in order to eliminate or alleviate situations where juridical double taxation occurs.

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Amadi, Victor Tamunoseipiriala. "Facilitating intra-regional trade through the movement of people in the Southern African development community (SADC)." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7133.

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Doctor Legum - LLD
Regional integration has been part of Africa’s overarching strategy for economic transformation. To further enhance sustainable development and economic growth, in the African continent intra-regional trade is equally as important as international trade. Therefore, African countries are faced with the daunting task of adopting comprehensive and well-structured measures to ensure the movement of goods and people across borders are seamless and unrestrictive. Free movement of persons in particular is one of the core tenets of regional integration, building towards a common market. To that effect, the African Union (AU) based on Agenda 2063 has agreed on a Continental Free Trade Area and a Protocol on Movement of Persons indicating a commitment of attaining a single market where goods, persons and services can move freely across national borders. With the Southern African Development Community (SADC) being a Regional Economic Community (REC) recognised under the AU, this thesis seeks to argue for deeper integration by ensuring the movement of persons in the SADC is regulated beyond the scope that is recognised internationally under the International laws influencing the movement of persons. Also, this thesis argues for amendment of certain provisions in the SADC Protocol on the Facilitation of the Movement of Persons to further facilitate intra-regional trade. The SADC operates to an extent as a Free Trade Area (FTA) where goods are traded duty free across borders and the intention is to go higher up the integration ladder to become a Common Market by 2015 and an Economic Union with a Single Currency by 2018. Targets which has not been met to date. Article 5(2) (d) and Article 23 of the SADC Trade Protocol realises the significance of policy development in promoting free movement of people and services within the SADC region. To facilitate the movement of people, the SADC drafted a Protocol on the Free Movement of People in 1995. This Protocol never materialised and it was subsequently replaced by a Protocol on Facilitation on Movement of People which is limited in scope and is not yet operational as ratification by two third majority of Member States has not occurred. In 2012, a Protocol on Trade in Services which also within a limited scope influences the movement of persons in the region was also concluded but is not yet ratified by Member States of the SADC. The absence of a single consistent and comprehensive framework makes people vulnerable to informal practices at the border. Thus, the issue of ensuring free movement of people between SADC Member States still remains debatable and unresolved.

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Regout, Sybille. "European Union, States and Markets. The transitional periods to the free movement of workers for the 2004 EU enlargement." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/227955.

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A l'approche de l'élargissement de l'UE de 2004, les Etats membres de l'Union européenne ont adopté des dispositions transitoires à la libre circulation des travailleurs, à savoir une période dérogatoire de sept ans durant laquelle ils pouvaient continuer à appliquer leur législation relative aux permis de travail. Initialement isolée, l'Allemagne est parvenue en quelques années à imposer sa préférence à ce sujet à l'ensemble de l'Union européenne. Cette thèse fait trois constats. Le premier est que si la libre circulation des travailleurs se situe à l'intersection des politiques d'élargissement, de marché du travail et de politique migratoire, c'est la composante migratoire qui a dominé la prise de décision. Plus précisément, les dispositions transitoires étaient perçues comme un outil de migration sélective afin de choisir les profils jugés comme étant les plus désirables - et ce même si les désirs politiques ne correspondaient pas à la réalité du marché. La seconde est qu'il n'y a eu que très peu d'Européanisation et d'harmonisation dans ce processus de décision, les Etats membres dominant les négociations. Enfin, le troisième constat est que les acteurs politiques ont principalement pris en compte des considérations électorales, et non des considérations économiques, dans l'adoption de ces dispositions transitoires.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Connor, Timothy Charles. "Free movement of goods, persons, services and capital within the European Union : jurisprudential adjudications by the Court of Justice." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6338.

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The published work which forms the basis of this submission by the applicant for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy represents an extensive research which has extended the boundaries of knowledge and understanding in relation to the jurisprudential adjudications by the Court of Justice concerning the application of the TFEU freedoms of goods, persons, services and capital to national measures. The publications maintain thematic analytical focus on the jurisprudential employment of the EU principles of non discrimination, market access and the rule relating to the 'selling arrangement' that are used as the modus operandi in the acquisition of Treaty free movement rights. The thread is law making; the published work evidences inconsistencies, complexities and confusions in the application by the Court of Justice of the modus operandi used to ensure acquisition of Treaty free movement rights. The research depicts a goods, persons, services and capital jurisprudence which displays a want of thematically consistent underpinning and some doctrinal diversity. It is the purpose of this Submission to exhibit the cohesiveness of the published work under review in the context of the contribution made to the knowledge and understanding of the jurisprudence of goods, persons, services and capital in European Union law.

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Connor, Timothy C. "Free movement of goods, persons, services and capital within the European Union. Jurisprudential Adjudications by the Court of Justice." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6338.

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The published work which forms the basis of this submission by the applicant for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy represents an extensive research which has extended the boundaries of knowledge and understanding in relation to the jurisprudential adjudications by the Court of Justice concerning the application of the TFEU freedoms of goods, persons, services and capital to national measures. The publications maintain thematic analytical focus on the jurisprudential employment of the EU principles of non discrimination, market access and the rule relating to the ¿selling arrangement¿ that are used as the modus operandi in the acquisition of Treaty free movement rights. The thread is law making; the published work evidences inconsistencies, complexities and confusions in the application by the Court of Justice of the modus operandi used to ensure acquisition of Treaty free movement rights. The research depicts a goods, persons, services and capital jurisprudence which displays a want of thematically consistent underpinning and some doctrinal diversity. It is the purpose of this Submission to exhibit the cohesiveness of the published work under review in the context of the contribution made to the knowledge and understanding of the jurisprudence of goods, persons, services and capital in European Union law.

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CERAN, Olga. "Cross-border child relocation : national law in a united Europe." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74359.

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Defence date: 17 March 2022
Examining Board: Prof. Stefan Grundmann (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin & European University Institute); Prof. Martijn Hesselink (European University Institute); Prof. Katharina Boele-Woelki (Bucerius Law School); Dr. Ruth Lamont (University of Manchester)
Cross-border child relocation cases are among the most difficult disputes that family judges need to face. Commentators across the globe disagree on the interpretation of the child's best interests and the relevance of adults' autonomy in this context. As relocations are directly concerned with free movement, the literature has expressed an interest also in the European Union's influences in this area. However, considering its lack of competence in family law and the limited jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union on such issues, some questions about the scope and nature of obligations imposed by EU law remain open. This thesis investigates, therefore, the following question: What is the (nature of) EU law's influence on cross-border child relocation and what are its effects on national legal systems? Its contribution is two-fold. Methodologically, it proposes a constructively oriented investigation of European influences in child relocation law. Cross-border movement constitutes the main raison d'être of EU law, and a defining feature of its community. Hence, a mixture of traditional values and new ways of life - sanctioned by a supranational entity - might lead to new dilemmas regarding children's interests and adult autonomy and complicate relocation decisions. The suggested approach allows contextual influences to be analysed together with legal doctrines, at both the EU and the national level. Substantively, the thesis builds on existing research to refine the understanding of child relocation in the context of supranational fundamental rights and freedoms in the EU, in their doctrinal and ideational dimensions. Finally, using case law from Germany, Poland, and England and Wales, it qualitatively investigates how national judges encounter the EU and draw from its ideational and legal features. This thesis demonstrates how the normatively inflicted EU context is occasionally used in courts but does not seem to consistently reorient national approaches towards the EU.
Chapter 3 ‘Child relocation and the European framework of human rights' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an article 'Child relocation, soft law, and the quest for umiformity at the European court of human rights : part one' (2020) in the journal ‘Prawa prywatnego’
Chapter 3 ‘Child relocation and the European framework of human rights' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an article 'Child relocation, soft law, and the quest for umiformity at the European court of human rights : part two' (2021) in the journal ‘Prawa prywatnego’

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Maxson, Brian. "“This Sort of Men”: The Vernacular and the Humanist Movement in Fifteenth-Century Florence." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6188.

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Duke, Christopher. "Planning, memory and mobility in the European Palaeolithic : a reassessment of the evidence from the movement of lithic raw materials." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412269.

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Cardona, Shokotko Vanessa. "Building Happy and Resilient Communities in the North of the European Union : A case study on Transition Movement in Sweden and its relationship with the EU." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331190.

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When the world becomes drowned in multiple global problems and citizens do not see any real progressive solutions from their governments, they take the initiative in their own hands and start changing the world on their own. The Transition Town movement was born this way. It is a social movement which aims at building resilient local communities in response to climate change, peak oil and an unfair ecologically destructive economic system which is probably soon to break down. As a potentially strong actor of future social change, it is worth studying emerging local movements in Europe, and hopefully identifying new potentials for success of these grass-root innovations.The study, thus, aims to investigate the relation between the participants of the Transition Movement Sweden and the supranational/intergovernmental entity EU, which plays one of the key roles in economic, environmental and social aspects of Swedish citizens. By conducting interviews with participants of the movement in several Swedish cities, the nature of this relationship is being explored. Using the theory of Multi-Institutional Politics Approach the case study explains the connection between the movement and the EU.

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Karlberg, Eva. "The Europeanisation of the Swedish Women's Movement : A Case study of the Swedish Women's Lobby and its Member organisations." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-21885.

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This thesis investigates the Europeanisation of civil society at national level through a case study of the Swedish Women’s Lobby (SWL), an umbrella organisation which serves as the Swedish member of the Brussels-based European Women’s Lobby (EWL). Conceptualising umbrella organisations as ‘meta-organisations’, in Ahrne and Brunsson’s term, Europeanisation is seen as a process which imposes meta-organisational structures on domestic-level civil society. Based largely on semi-structured interviews, the aim of the study is thus to analyse in what ways the women’s movement in Sweden has been affected by the imposed meta-organisational structure. The findings show that while the SWL has been successful in establishing itself as the actor for the Swedish women’s movement, this success also brought with it some problems. The meta-organisational structure has had certain formalising and excluding effects, as well as bringing internal tensions due to overlapping activities and the desire to speak with one voice. Applying a meta-organisation perspective on the Europeanisation of domestic civil society is thus shown to be useful as it contributes an understanding of how the EU has an impact on inter-organisational relations among civil society organisations.
Denna studie undersöker europeiseringen av civilsamhället på nationell nivå genom en fallstudie av Sveriges Kvinnolobby, en paraplyorganisation och den svenska medlemmen i den europeiska kvinnolobbyn – European Women’s Lobby (EWL) – i Bryssel. Paraplyorganisationer förstås i detta sammanhang utifrån Ahrne och Brunssons begrepp metaorganisationer, dvs. ’organisationer av organisationer’. Därmed ses europeisering som en process vilken medför meta-organisatoriska strukturer till civilsamhället på nationell nivå. Studien syftar därmed till att analysera hur kvinnorörelsen i Sverige påverkats av den påbjudna metaorganisatoriska strukturen och baseras främst på semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Resultaten visar att Sveriges Kvinnolobby varit framgångsrik i att etablera sig som aktören för Sveriges kvinnorörelse men att denna framgång även medfört en del problem. Den metaorganisatoriska strukturen har medfört vissa formaliserande och exkluderande effekter, men också interna spänningar på grund av överlappande aktiviteter och lobbyns önskan att tala med en röst. Att applicera ett meta-organisatoriskt perspektiv på europeiseringen av civilsamhället på nationell nivå visar sig därmed vara användbart då det bidrar till förståelsen för hur EU har betydelse för inter-organisatoriska relationer bland civilsamhällets organisationer.

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Gül, Mustafa. "WHEN THE DREAMS COME TRUE : THE CONSEQUENCES OF FREE MOVEMENT OF TURKS WITHIN EU." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1108.

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Immigration into Europe has always been at the center of EU’s agenda. With the candidacy of Turkey for entry into the EU, the issue of immigration is being discussed with a new intensity. That is why this paper aims to understand the dynamics that will govern Turkish migration into EU after membership and to provide a sound basis for its complicated nature. In order to do that, different theories of migration have been categorized at different levels of approaches and analyzed to understand the reasons for migration. To ground these theories in the reality of migration, the statistics on countries that joined the EU in 2004 and 2007 have been used. After identifying the reasons why citizens of these new member states migrate, prospective Turkish migration has been analyzed accordingly. It has been found out that the reasons for Turkish migration will be mostly the same as those for new member states’ citizens. As a result of this, it has been concluded that the prospective Turkish migration will be extremely diverse and complicated and that the directions of migration will not only be from Turkey to Europe but also from Europe to Turkey.

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GÜL, Mustafa. "WHEN THE DREAMS COME TRUE : THE CONSEQUENCES OF FREE MOVEMENT OF TURKS WITHIN EU." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1115.

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Immigration into Europe has always been at the center of agenda of the EU. With the candidacy of Turkey, the issue of immigration is being discussed at an accelerating rate. That is why this paper aims to understand the dynamics behind the prospective Turkish migration into EU after membership and to provide a sound basis for its complicated nature. In order to do that, different theories of migration have been categorized at different levels of approaches and analyzed to understand the reasons for migration. To set the relationship between theory and reality of migration, the statistics on countries that joined the EU in 2004 and 2007 have been used. After identifying the reasons why citizens of these new member states migrate, the prospective Turkish migration has been analyzed accordingly. It has been found out that the reasons for Turkish migration will be mostly the same as those for new member states’ citizens. As a result of this, it has been concluded that the prospective Turkish migration will be so diverse and complicated and that the direction of migration will not only be from Turkey to Europe but also from Europe to Turkey.

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Keller, Megan. "The Two Conversions of John Newton: Politics & Christianity in the British Abolitionist Movement." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1873.

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This thesis interrogated the relationship between abolition and the evangelical revival in Britain through the life of John Newton. Newton, though not representative of every abolitionist, was a vital figure in the movement. His influence on Hannah More and William Wilberforce along with his contributions to the Parliamentary hearings made him a key aspect of its success. How he came to fulfill that role was a long and complex journey, both in terms of his religion and his understanding of slavery. He began his life under the spiritual direction of his pious, Dissenting mother, became an atheist by nineteen, and then an influential, evangelical minister in the Church of England in his later adulthood. In the midst of that journey, Newton was impressed, joined the crew of a slave ship, was himself enslaved, became a slave ship captain, and then, eventually, a fervent abolitionist. Though it was far from straightforward, Newton's evangelical Calvinistic theology seems to have driven him to ultimately condemn the slave trade. Understanding the relationship between Newton’s two conversions—to evangelical Christianity and abolitionism—gives modern readers’ insight into the intellectual roots of the abolitionist movement more broadly, the dynamics between Christianity and politics, as well as how individual moral choice can affect history.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'European Movement'

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