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Journal articles on the topic 'European Patent Office'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 March 2023

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1

Melvin, Thomas C. "European Patent Office." Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship 8, no. 1 (February 2002): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j109v08n01_06.

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2

Giroud, Gérard. "The European Patent Office and its patent information policy." Electronic Library 9, no. 6 (June 1991): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb045095.

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3

Verbandt, Yves, and Els Vadot. "Non-patent literature search at the European Patent Office." World Patent Information 54 (September 2018): S72—S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2017.07.001.

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4

Stancliffe, Terence C. "{BLR 1849} Biotechnology Patent Directive - EC - European Patent Office." Biotechnology Law Report 13, no. 5 (September 1994): 628–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/blr.1994.13.628.

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5

Von Belvard, Peter Revy. "The European Patent Office on the way to the patent office of Europe." Technology, Law and Insurance 2, no. 4 (December 1997): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135993797349722.

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6

Feinäugle, Roland. "Distance learning from the European Patent Office." World Patent Information 28, no. 1 (March 2006): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2005.07.012.

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7

Schryvers, H. J. "Online searching at the European patent office." World Patent Information 7, no. 1-2 (January 1985): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0172-2190(85)90044-4.

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8

Newton, David. "European Patent Office PATLIB 2010, Dresden, Germany." World Patent Information 33, no. 1 (March 2011): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2010.09.004.

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9

Demey, Yan Tang, and Domenico Golzio. "Search strategies at the European Patent Office." World Patent Information 63 (December 2020): 101989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2020.101989.

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10

Powell, Stephen. "European Patent Office – the first 10 years." Physics Bulletin 38, no. 9 (September 1987): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/38/9/010.

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11

Crab, E. "BEST project in the European Patent Office." World Patent Information 16, no. 3 (September 1994): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0172-2190(94)90130-9.

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12

Abbott, Alison. "European Patent Office rejects bid to revoke first plant patent." Nature 357, no. 6379 (June 1992): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/357525a0.

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13

Harhoff, Dietmar, and Stefan Wagner. "The Duration of Patent Examination at the European Patent Office." Management Science 55, no. 12 (December 2009): 1969–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1090.1069.

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14

Anaya-Ruiz, Maricruz, Cindy Bandala, Gerardo Landeta, Patricia Martínez-Morales, Jose L. Zumaquero-Rios, Jorge Sarracent-Pérez, and Martín Pérez-Santos. "Nanostructured Systems in Advanced Drug Targeting for the Cancer Treatment: Recent Patents." Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery 14, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574892813666181031154146.

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Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world and it is necessary to develop new strategies for its treatment because most therapies have limited access to many types of tumors, as well as low therapeutic efficacy and high toxicity.Objective:The present research aims to identify recent patents of drug delivery nanostructured systems that may have application in improving cancer treatment.Methods:Recent patents regarding the drug delivery nanostructured systems for cancer treatment were obtained from the patent databases of the six main patent offices of the world: United States Patent and Trademark Office, European Patent Office, World Intellectual Property Organization, Japan Patent Office, State Intellectual Property Office of China and Korean Intellectual Property Office.Results:A total of 1710 patent documents from 1998 to 2017 including "drug delivery nanostructured systems for cancer treatment" were retrieved. The top five countries in patent share were USA, China, South Korea, Canada and Germany. The universities and enterprises of USA had the highest amount of patents followed by institutions from China.Conclusion:There is a strong tendency for the development of new nanostructured systems for the release of drugs; particularly, in recent years, the development of nanoparticles has focused on nanodiscs, gold nanoparticles and immunoliposomes.
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15

Ezzell, Carol. "Biogen in European Patent Office row over interferon." Nature 325, no. 6100 (January 1987): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/325098a0.

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16

van der Hoff, Hilary. "Antibody claims granted by the European Patent Office." Nature Biotechnology 32, no. 11 (November 2014): 1094–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3054.

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17

ZIMMER, FRANZ-JOSEPH. "{BLR 2932} Biotechnology Directive-European Patent Office-ESTs." Biotechnology Law Report 18, no. 4 (August 1999): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/blr.1999.18.304.

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18

Edfjäll, C. "The DATIMTEX system of the European patent office." World Patent Information 8, no. 2 (January 1986): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0172-2190(86)90006-2.

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19

Beatty, John. "The European patent office ‘Raising the Bar’ initiative." World Patent Information 33, no. 4 (December 2011): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2011.06.006.

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20

Krier, Marc, and Francesco Zaccà. "Automatic categorisation applications at the European patent office." World Patent Information 24, no. 3 (September 2002): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0172-2190(02)00026-1.

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21

Caviggioli, Federico, Giuseppe Scellato, and Elisa Ughetto. "International patent disputes: Evidence from oppositions at the European Patent Office." Research Policy 42, no. 9 (November 2013): 1634–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2013.06.004.

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22

England, P. "Parallel patent proceedings between the European Patent Office and UK courts." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 10, no. 7 (April 4, 2015): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpv055.

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23

Stierle, Martin. "Artificial Intelligence Designated as Inventor – An Analysis of the Recent EPO Case Law." GRUR International 69, no. 9 (July 3, 2020): 918–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikaa105.

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Abstract This paper will focus on the issue of designating artificial intelligence systems as inventors in the current framework of European patent law. Most recently, the European Patent Office rejected two patent applications which indicated a machine called DABUS as the inventor of the claimed subject-matter. The paper will analyse the grounds of the decisions in detail, thereby reflecting on the current approach of the European Patent Office to such designations and on the concept of inventorship within the European patent system in general.
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24

Sandercock, Colin G. "{BLR 1897} Amgen - Behringwerke - Boehringer Mannheim - Erythropoietin - European Patent Office - Patents." Biotechnology Law Report 13, no. 6 (November 1994): 790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/blr.1994.13.790.

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25

Hingley, Peter, and Marc Nicolas. "Methods for forecasting numbers of patent applications at the European Patent Office." World Patent Information 26, no. 3 (September 2004): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2003.12.006.

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26

Gates, C. "Patenting the Life Sciences at the European Patent Office." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 4, no. 12 (October 23, 2014): a020792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a020792.

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27

Newton, David. "European Patent Office PatLib Conference, Seville, Spain, May 2007." World Patent Information 29, no. 4 (December 2007): 389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2007.07.003.

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28

Gall, Günter. "Legal documentation: The role of the European patent office." World Patent Information 7, no. 1-2 (January 1985): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0172-2190(85)90046-8.

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29

roVice-President, P. G. M. Zwartkuis. "Welcoming address on behalf of the European patent office." Progress in Nuclear Energy 21 (January 1988): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0149-1970(88)90010-8.

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30

ALDIERI, LUIGI, and CONCETTO PAOLO VINCI. "TECHNOLOGICAL SPILLOVERS THROUGH A PATENT CITATION ANALYSIS." International Journal of Innovation Management 20, no. 02 (February 2016): 1650028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919616500286.

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The aim of this paper is to analyse the pattern of knowledge flows as evidenced by the patent citations in three economic areas: USA, Japan and Europe. In each economic area, we exploit information from two international patent offices data, the United States Patent and Trademarks Office (USPTO) data and the European Patent Office (EPO) data. In this way, we can investigate the link between the technological proximity and knowledge spillovers for 240 international firms. In particular, the contribution to the existing literature is twofold: First, we use an international sample so that we can compare the empirical results among different economic markets; second, we explore the robustness of results with respect to patent system features. In order to compute the technological proximity, we consider both the symmetrical measure and asymmetrical one. The empirical results indicate that there is a statistically significant correlation between technological proximity and knowledge spillovers measured by patent citations and that these results are robust with respect to patent office data used in the analysis.
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31

Rogers, D. "European Patent Office, Enlarged Board of Appeal, rejects referral on software patents." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 5, no. 9 (July 8, 2010): 618–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpq087.

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32

Oriakhogba, Desmond Osaretin. "What If DABUS Came to Africa? Visiting AI Inventorship and Ownership of Patent from the Nigerian Perspective." Business Law Review 42, Issue 2 (April 1, 2021): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2021013.

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Dr Stephen Thaler’s artificial intelligent machine – DABUS (Device for the Autonomous Bootstrapping of Unified Sentience) recently created two patentable devises that were the subject of patent applications in the European Patent Office (EPO), the United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office (UKIPO), the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and other patent offices, including under the Patent Cooperation Treaty system. Thaler named DABUS as the inventor in the applications and claimed to have acquired the right to patent from DABUS as its owner, employer and successor in title. The EPO, UKIPO and USPTO recently rejected the applications on the ground of non-compliance with the formal requirements of their respective patent legislation for failing to name a natural person as inventor. Based on a comparative study conducted as a desk research, the paper reviews the EPO, UKIPO and USPTO decisions against the backdrop of the ongoing policy and academic conversations on AI and patent policy. It then situates the decisions within the African context, especially under the Nigerian patent regime, and determines whether the Nigerian patent office will reach a different conclusion from those made by the EPO, UKIPO and USPTO should a similar patent application be considered in Nigeria. Artificial Intelligence, Inventorship, Patent Regimes, DABUS, EPO, UKIPO, USPTO, Nigeria
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33

Danguy, Jérôme, and Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie. "Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Community Patent." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 2, no. 2 (April 25, 2011): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/2152-2812.1030.

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For more than 40 years, governments and professional associations have acted, voted or lobbied against the implementation of the Community Patent (COMPAT, officially called the EU Patent). The econometric results and simulations presented in this paper suggest that, thanks to its attractiveness in terms of market size and a sound renewal fee structure, the COMPAT would drastically reduce the relative patenting costs for applicants while generating more income for the European Patent Office and most National Patent Offices. The loss of economic rents (€400 million would be lost by patent attorneys, translators and lawyers) and the drop of controlling power by national patent offices elucidate further the observed resistance to the Community Patent.
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34

Marschall, Stefan. "Concept for a Multinational Patent Search using Elements of Blockchain Technology." GRUR International 69, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikaa014.

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Abstract Blockchain Elements Integrated Multinational Search (BEIMS) is a response to an ongoing discussion about the search and examination procedures employed in patent offices, relaunched in 2018 when German law firms sent an open letter to the President of the European Patent Office. The BEIMS concept turns away from patent examiners working by themselves in isolation, and instead involves experts from different offices working in close co-operation. BEIMS integrates elements of Blockchain Technology – such as decentralized network, competition and consensus building – with the participation of several national and/or regional patent offices, and involves financial incentives. The co-operating patent offices are coequal and, as a consequence, a multinational search report is generated with cited prior art determined and evaluated by patent examiners of different patent offices in due time.
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35

Barycki, Michał. "Disclaimers in European Patent Applications." GRUR International 69, no. 12 (October 16, 2020): 1204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikaa125.

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Abstract A European patent application may be amended by, among others, deleting a part of the claimed subject matter under established conditions or by the incorporation of an undisclosed or disclosed disclaimer. Disclaimers are a useful tool in order to maintain the balance between the practical needs of applicants and the interests of third parties in legal clarity and completeness. The incorporation of disclaimers may not extend beyond the content of the European patent application as filed and the protection it confers. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how an applicant can introduce a negative technical feature into the patent application in the light of the extensive judicial practice of the Technical and Enlarged Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office. The author has analysed the criteria for disclaimers set out in decisions G 1/03, G 2/10 and G 1/16 in accordance with the general notion of patent law and requirements of patentability. Additionally, this problem was also characterized in the light of the judicial practice of national courts and legislations of the EU Member States.
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36

Engel, Andreas. "Can a Patent Be Granted for an AI-Generated Invention?" GRUR International 69, no. 11 (September 15, 2020): 1123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikaa117.

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Abstract Three patent offices had to answer the question of whether a patent can be granted for an invention for which an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system called DABUS was named as inventor. All applications were dismissed, but for different reasons. While the European Patent Office focused on formal rules, the UK Intellectual Property Office considered more substantive aspects, and the US Patent and Trademark Office relied on statutory language. From a policy perspective, the decisions find support in the fact that there is no clear consensus for AI to be recognized as an inventor, and that difficult questions would ensue if this were accepted. From a doctrinal perspective, the decisions do not rule out the patentability of AI-assisted inventions in general, as it remains possible to designate a human inventor when AI has merely facilitated the inventive process. This leaves the question of who should own a patent for an AI-generated invention, if patentability for such inventions is considered desirable. A possible solution could be to grant ownership directly to the company operating or owning the AI.
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37

Doern, G. Bruce. "The European Patent Office and the political economy of European intellectual property policy." Journal of European Public Policy 4, no. 3 (September 1997): 388–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501769780000061.

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38

Heinrich, Sebastian, Florian Seliger, and Martin Wörter. "Appropriability and basicness of R&D: Identifying and characterising product and process inventions in patent data." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): e0272225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272225.

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We present a database that classifies all patent applications filed at either the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) or the European Patent Office (EPO) as being either product patents, process patents or ‘mixed patents’. We use the share of claims that refer to either product or process inventions which allows to classify all patent applications along a continuum of pure process patents and pure product patents. We find that process-oriented patents draw more on previous knowledge, are more original and more radical than product patents. Lower breadth of protection is positively associated with pure process patenting, whereas product and mixed variants can be protected more broadly. This characterisation uncovers heterogeneity of patented inventions that allows for a more sophisticated use of patent statistics. It can improve the accuracy of analyses, but also reveal new aspects related to property rights.
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39

Allen, Vicki, and Graham Matthew Lewis. "Are therapeutic antibodies still patentable at the European Patent Office?" Pharmaceutical Patent Analyst 6, no. 3 (May 2017): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/ppa-2017-0008.

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40

DeBuyzer, Hendrik, Alain Leroy, and Simon Behmo. "Particularly active fields of technology at the European patent office." World Patent Information 8, no. 2 (January 1986): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0172-2190(86)90010-4.

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41

Beck, Michaël. "Conflicts of Laws in Proceedings Before the European Patent Office." IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 48, no. 8 (October 17, 2017): 925–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40319-017-0643-5.

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42

Hingley, Peter, and Serpil Bas. "Numbers and sizes of applicants at the European Patent Office." World Patent Information 31, no. 4 (December 2009): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2009.04.003.

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43

Goss, Ilaria. "Patenting polymorphs at the European Patent Office – an insider's view." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 74, a2 (August 22, 2018): e165-e165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273318092781.

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44

Van Thielen, J. "Search tools at the European Patent Office: a new approach." World Patent Information 16, no. 3 (September 1994): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0172-2190(94)90126-0.

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45

Park, Jinseok. "Has Patentable Subject Matter Been Expanded? -A Comparative Study on Software Patent Practices in the European Patent Office, the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the Japanese Patent Office." International Journal of Law and Information Technology 13, no. 3 (2005): 336–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eai019.

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46

Pehu, Tuula, Sisko Knuth, and H. G. Gyllenberg. "From application to patent in genetic engineering: 19 Cases of the European patent office." World Patent Information 10, no. 3 (January 1988): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0172-2190(88)90005-1.

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47

Lidén, Camilla, and Ellen Setréus. "Patent prosecution at the European Patent Office: what is new for life sciences applicants?" Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 21, no. 6 (April 4, 2011): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543776.2011.573786.

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48

Deng, Yi. "The effects of patent regime changes: A case study of the European patent office." International Journal of Industrial Organization 25, no. 1 (February 2007): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2006.03.001.

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49

Wada, Tetsuo. "When do the USPTO examiners cite as the EPO examiners? An analysis of examination spillovers through rejection citations at the international family-to-family level." Scientometrics 125, no. 2 (September 14, 2020): 1591–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03674-4.

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AbstractThis paper empirically examines coincidences between “rejection citations” (i.e., those cited as grounds for rejections) added by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and “X/Y patent citations,” which are also added as grounds for rejections at the European Patent Office (EPO) within the same patent family, based on more than forty thousand families of triadic application sample. We consider the release timing of European search reports and the timing of rejection actions by the USPTO for the same family of patent applications. We find that the frequency of rejection (X/Y-equivalent) citation coincidences between the USPTO and the EPO according to family-to-family citation criteria increases after the release of search reports by the EPO. It suggests that the US examiners capture spillovers of search efforts from the EPO, namely, the USPTO examiners rely on prior art information collected and disclosed by the EPO. The results also reveal that International Search Reports (ISRs) prepared for Patent Corporation Treaty (PCT) applications, as well as applicant-submitted citations, play important roles for the convergence of rejection citations between the two patent offices. We furthermore find that the US examiners are less likely to add the same patent citations as the EPO examiners when rejections are persistently repeated at the USPTO. The methodology in this paper introduces the novel use of patent examiner citations to compare examiners’ citing behavior across jurisdictions.
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50

Lightbourne, Muriel. "Mutagenesis, ‘essentially biological processes’ and patent exceptions." Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property 11, no. 2 (May 27, 2021): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2021.02.05.

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Recent developments in the field of European law, in relation to subject-matter consisting of living material, raise a string of basic issues as to the legal qualification of certain techniques used in agriculture and medicine, such as CRISPR-Cas9, and regarding their appraisal under European patent law. The present article reviews a series of decisions, including the decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union in case C-528/16, the decision issued on 7 February 2020 by the French Council of State and the Opinion of the European Patent Office Enlarged Board of Appeal of 14 May 2020 on Referral G 3/19.
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