Academic literature on the topic 'European Resource Unit'
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Journal articles on the topic "European Resource Unit"
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Shpak, Nestor, Oleh Kuzmin, Olga Melnyk, Mariana Ruda, and Włodzimierz Sroka. "Implementation of a Circular Economy in Ukraine: The Context of European Integration." Resources 9, no. 8 (August 15, 2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9080096.
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The current model of resource management mainly contributes to mass short-term consumption, which creates an unstable and extremely critical situation on the planet. Going beyond the traditional industrial model of Take-Make-Waste, the circular economy aims to reduce waste (and therefore minimize costs) and to redefine sustainable development. This entails a gradual separation of economic activity from the consumption of scarce resources and the removal of waste from the system. In order to foreground the principles of a circular economy in Ukraine, this study analyzes its benefits based on the relevant experience of the EU. The paper also presents the results of research and content analysis on the situation of waste management in Ukraine and compares the trends using key indicators. The core of the paper is developing a conceptual model of making and coordinating management decisions on the implementation of business projects in the context of a circular economy in Ukraine. A multifactor model (the Farrar–Glauber method was further developed) has been built by identification of the main factors, i.e., the volume of generated waste from economic activity per unit of GDP at constant prices, emissions of pollutants, and capital investments for the protection of the environment. Factor coefficients indicate how many units will change the resultant trait Y, measured in thousand tonnes, if one of them changes by 1 (each in units of measure). It means that if the volume of waste generated from economic activity per unit of GDP at constant 2011 purchasing power parity (PPP) prices decreases by 1 kg/$1000, waste management of I–IV classes will be reduced by 952,737 thousand tonnes. The approbated model can be used to analyze the situation with recycling in the EU countries, considering the amount of capital investment in environmental protection.
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Hegedić, Miro, Nedeljko Štefanić, and Mladen Nikšić. "Life cycle assessment: Assessing the environmental impact in the railway maintenance." MATEC Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818001004.
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The railway sector plays an important role in the European transport sector and its environmental sustainability is a highly important issue today recognized by all the main stakeholders, including the European Commission. EU-28 railway transport network consisted of 220,000 km of railway lines in 2013. Such a big railway transport network requires maintenance. Maintenance of a railway infrastructure is a resource- and cost-demanding activity that has as well a considerable impact on the environment. This paper presents the results of the environmental assessment of an innovative new product which aims to decrease the environmental impact of the railway maintenance processes. Life cycle assessment methodology was used and results show that the biggest environmental impact, in all impact categories, is achieved in the use and maintenance phase. In the end, the normalized data of the environmental impact were presented using the standard functional unit for the freight trains: tonne for kilometre (tkm). Additionally, authors have compared two different functional units that could be used in Life cycle assessment of the self-propelled freight railway vehicles, proposing the use of the new functional unit: tonne for working hour (twh). Use of such customized functional unit is more appropriate because of the specific nature of work that selfpropelled bulk carriages have.
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Costa, Daniele, Erick Galante, Izabela Andrade, and Jéssica Cunha. "Environmental life-cycle assessment of a military explosive production unit: a preliminary approach." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 5, 2017): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_001.001_0002.
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It is generally known that plants of the chemical industry have great potential to generate environmental impacts and health hazards. However, systematic measurements of these impacts are not common. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool that allows quantitative environmental impacts evaluation and it was applied in a preliminary approach to analyze selected subsystems in a RDX (1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine) military production unit. LCA was applied through analysis of the plant data in the free software OpenLCA, using ELCD (European Reference Lyfe Cycle Database) and the TRACI (Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other environmental Impacts) method. As a result, the following impact categories were assessed: acidification, ecotoxicity, eutrophication, global warming, human health, ozone depletion, photochemical oxidation and resource depletion.
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Papanicolaou, S., A. Davies, M. Espuña-Pons, C. Hampel, S. Hunskaar, B. Monz, G. Samsioe, A. Wagg, and D. Sykes. "PUK22 DERIVING UNIT COSTS FOR RESOURCE UTILISATION IN PROSPECTIVE URINARY INCONTINENCE RESEARCH (PURE)—AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN 14 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." Value in Health 7, no. 6 (November 2004): 804–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)66161-x.
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Taylor, T. L. "International differences in the value for money provided by institutions in european countries at different stages of deinstitutionalisation and with different economies." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73849-4.
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BackgroundIndividuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder may require longer term care. Due to the complexities of caring for this population and the high resource cost of care, it is important to ensure that mental health services are efficient and effective.AimsThis investigation aims to examine international differences in quality of care and service user experience when compared to national health expenditure and the degree of deinstitutionalisation in 10 countries.MethodsThe quality of care provided in 213 units was measured using the Quality Indicator for Rehabilitative Care (QuIRC). Service users living in these units (N = 1750) were asked to assess the care they received. Multilevel models were used to examine the relationships between quality (QuIRC domain ratings), level of deinstitutionalisation and national health care expenditure. As no formalised assessment of deinstitutionalisation has been published, a quantitative tool was developed and validated. Percentage of gross domestic product spent on health care and per capita total health care spend was taken from World Health Organisation data to assess national health care expenditure.ResultsMultilevel models examining the relationships between deinstitutionalisation levels, health care expenditure, quality and service user experience will be presented. Results were adjusted for unit (type and size) and service user (age, gender and level of functioning) characteristics.ConclusionsRecommendations on the best use of resources within a facility providing longer term care and how best to increase the quality of care provided without additional financial expenditure will be discussed in relation to the results.
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Bauer, Michael W. "Impact of administrative reform of the European Commission: results from a survey of heads of unit in policy-making directorates." International Review of Administrative Sciences 75, no. 3 (September 2009): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852309337690.
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The Kinnock reform has changed the European Commission. This article discusses the link between reform effects and policy output. A survey of more than 100 heads of unit (HoU) of policy-making Directorates-General serves as the empirical basis. It is concluded that the recent reform of the Commission does indeed comprehensively redefine the role of the HoU. Their resource base to focus on policy drafting has been hugely reduced. Negative consequences for the organization’s potential to deliver policy draft of high quality are therefore very likely. Points for practitioners This article deals with the following areas: • Middle management as organizational backbone • The perils of decentralizing management functions • The impact of administrative reform on policy output.
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Akacem, Mohammed. "OPEC: What Next?" Energy Exploration & Exploitation 5, no. 1 (February 1987): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878700500102.
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OPEC policy implications of resource economics are different for the ‘cash-starved’ members, the countries with large populations and a low resource base such as Nigeria, Algeria and Indonesia in contrast to the ‘rich’ members with small populations and considerable resources such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE and Qatar. Conflicts in priorities of the two groups have been an important factor in the oil glut. The ‘poor’ members of OPEC will probably leave the organization upon depletion of their resources. Until this happens the interests of the oil producers can best be met with aid to the ‘poor’ members to prevent the dumping on the spot market. OPEC should establish a balance-of-payment ‘support’ programme to ‘tie’ those countries that develop balance-of -payment difficulties. OPEC will eventually be replaced by GOPEC, the Gulf Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. The smaller GOPEC would exert some control over the world's oil markets in the 1990s: they own more than 40% of the world's reserves. If Iran and Iraq were included the percentage would rise to more than 60% but their presence in this organization would inject the instability which now affects OPEC. GOPEC could be expected to have a long-term pricing policy with a stable growth rate, greater involvement with distribution and active in the world market of petrochemicals. It will be faced with the problem of consumers finding alternative energy sources and with the protectionism already apparent in Europe and the US. The emergence of a stable GOPEC will once more raise the issue of the currency used to price oil and oil products. It would find advantage in detaching itself from the dollar as a primary unit. Instead, a ‘basket’ of currencies should be used such as the European Currency Unit (ECU), the yen and the US dollar. Such means will lead to greater stability for producers and consumers. Eventually, GOPEC should have pricing in terms of the Gulf Dinar or the Gulf Currency Unit (GCU) which would be traded in its own right.
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Jensen, Erik Steen, Laurent Bedoussac, Georg Carlsson, Etienne-Pascal Journet, Eric Justes, and Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen. "Enhancing Yields in Organic Crop Production by Eco-Functional Intensification." Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 3 (June 18, 2015): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n3p42.
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<p>Organic agriculture faces challenges to enhance food production per unit area and simultaneously reduce the environmental and climate impacts, e.g. nitrate leaching per unit area and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit mass produced. Eco-functional intensification is suggested as a means to reach these objectives. Eco-functional intensification involves activating more knowledge and refocusing the importance of ecosystem services in agriculture. Organic farmers manage agrobiodiversity by crop rotation (diversification in time). However, sole cropping (SC) of genetically identical plants in organic agriculture may limit resource use efficiency and yield per unit area. Intercropping (IC) of annual grain species, cultivar mixes, perennial grains, or forage species and forestry and annual crops (agroforestry) are examples of spatial crop diversification. Intercropping is based on eco-functional intensification and may enhance production by complementarity in resource use in time and space. Intercropping is based on the ecological principles of competition, facilitation and complementarity, which often increases the efficiency in acquisition and use of resources such as light, water and nutrients compared to sole crops, especially in low-input systems. Here we show that IC of cereals and grain legumes in European arable organic farming systems is an efficient tool for enhancing total grain yields compared to their respective sole crops. Simultaneously, we display how intercropping of cereals and legumes can be used as an efficient tool for weed management and to enhance product quality (i.e. cereal grain protein concentration). We discuss how intercropping contributes to efficient use of soil N sources and minimizes losses of N by nitrate leaching via <em>Ecological Precision Farming</em>. It is concluded that intercropping has a strong potential to increase yield and hereby reduce global climate impacts such as GHG kg<sup>-1</sup> grain. Finally, we discuss likely barriers and lock-in effects for increased use of intercropping in organic farming and suggest a roadmap for innovation and implementation of IC strategies in organic agriculture.</p>
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Ericksno, Christopher L., and Sarosh Kuruvilla. "Labor Costs and the Social Dumping Debate in the European Union." ILR Review 48, no. 1 (October 1994): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399404800103.
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This study examines the labor cost incentive for capital movement in manufacturing within the European Union, a key aspect of the “social dumping” debate in Western Europe. The authors find that the percentage differences in unit labor costs between the more developed and less developed countries in the Union not only were large in 1980 but actually grew between 1980 and 1986, and separate estimates of compensation and productivity growth rates do not indicate that significant convergence occurred over the remainder of the 1980s. Although these findings apparently confirm that a labor cost incentive for capital mobility does exist, analysis of foreign direct investment data indicates that during the period 1980–88 capital flows to the lower labor cost countries actually were not much larger than capital flows to the higher labor cost countries.
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Heider, Dirk, Sebastian Bernert, Hans-Helmut König, Herbert Matschinger, Theresa Hogh, Traolach S. Brugha, Paul E. Bebbington, Michel Azorin, Matthias C. Angermeyer, and Mondher Toumi. "Direct medical mental health care costs of schizophrenia in France, Germany and the United Kingdom – Findings from the European Schizophrenia Cohort (EuroSC)." European Psychiatry 24, no. 4 (May 2009): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.12.013.
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AbstractObjectivesTo quantify and compare the resource consumption and direct costs of medical mental health care of patients suffering from schizophrenia in France, Germany and the United Kingdom.MethodsIn the European Cohort Study of Schizophrenia, a naturalistic two-year follow-up study, patients were recruited in France (N = 288), Germany (N = 618), and the United Kingdom (N = 302). Data about the use of services and medication were collected. Unit cost data were obtained and transformed into United States Dollar Purchasing Power Parities (USD-PPP). Mean service use and costs were estimated using between-effects regression models.ResultsIn the French/German/UK sample estimated means for a six-month period were respectively 5.7, 7.5 and 6.4 inpatient days, and 11.0, 1.3, and 0.7 day-clinic days. After controlling for age, sex, number of former hospitalizations and psychopathology (CGI score), mean costs were 3700/2815/3352 USD-PPP.ConclusionsService use and estimated costs varied considerably between countries. The greatest differences were related to day-clinic use. The use of services was not consistently higher in one country than in the others. Estimated costs did not necessarily reflect the quantity of service use, since unit costs for individual types of service varied considerably between countries.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "European Resource Unit"
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Helwig, Daniel. "On the Transparency Road, with the Handbrake Engaged (European Transparency Initiative in Natural Resources)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165325.
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The study at hand aims at understanding the "twisted fate" of the EU's initiative to provide transparency of payments in oil, gas, and mining deals. The European Commission in October 2011 followed the lead of the US Dodd-Frank Act in establishing strict disclosure requirements for businesses in the extractive industries. Its initiative demanded annual reporting of any payments made by such enterprises to public authorities of commodity exporting countries, in order to mitigate corruption of public officials via transparency of payments. Praised by NGOs, the initiative was heavily opposed by the German government and experienced efforts by the very same to water its efficacy down. Germany's uncompromising position prolonged the search for an agreement between Council of Ministers and European Parliament until April 2013. It is hypothesized that the German opposition originates in highly effective interest representation of influential domestic actors, dismissive of a tight transparency regime. To validate this, Moravcsik's Liberal Intergovernmentalism is the theoretical framework of choice. At its core lies a genuine two-step of domestic societal actors, upgrading their particular interests to "national preferences" and the subsequent agency of their governments in rational bargaining with others. However, in order for this to apply in European everyday politics, theoretical amendments have to be made. Namely, the originally disregarded influence of supranational institutions as well as a shift of bargaining arenas has to be sufficiently respected by the theoretical frame.
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Vlaskamp, Martijn C. "The European Union’s policies to curtail the trade in natural resources that fund armed conflicts." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285539.
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Durant els últims 15 els recursos naturals que financen recursos armats han rebut una creixent atenció per part de la investigació acadèmica. La Unió Europea (UE) també ha reconegut la problemàtica dels anomenats “recursos de conflicte”, però fins ara li ha mancat un enfocament coherent per afrontar el problema. En alguns casos, la UE ha optat per mesures multilaterals per trencar el vincle entre els recursos naturals i els conflictes, però en altres casos, la Unió ha actuat d'una manera unilateral o no ha actuat en absolut. Aquesta falta de coherència pot semblar sorprenent ja que la UE és percebuda generalment com un ‘campió mundial’ de promoure solucions multilaterals pels problemes globals. La tesi es pregunta per tant: per què en situacions similars relacionades amb els recursos de conflicte la Unió Europa ha optat per polítiques diferents?
Per respondre a aquesta pregunta s’ha dissenyat un marc analític que integra factors externs i interns. A nivell extern, en primer lloc s’ha examinat el nivell de suport a les institucions europees i els estats membres de polítiques com la restricció del comerç d’aquests recursos de conflictes. En segon lloc, s’ha estudiat el context mundial per les polítiques d’aquest tipus, utilitzant la conceptualització de les Xarxes Globals de Producció. Les dinàmiques de conflictes, alimentades pels ingressos de l’explotació dels recursos naturals, s’emmarquen en processos més amplis de la globalització econòmica. Aquest marc s’ha aplicat als casos de (I) els diamants i el Procés de Kimberley; (II) la fusta i el Reglament de la Fusta de la UE; i (III) els minerals de la República Democràtica del Congo.
A nivell intern, en tots els casos estudiats es pot detectar una complexa interacció entre les consideracions normatives i econòmiques. Com més es poden reconciliar aquestes dues dimensions, més suport té una mesura en l'àmbit de la UE. Però pels resultats finals de les polítiques, el factor determinant és el context global. En primer lloc, perquè la UE es troba en un entorn més advers per a promoure les seves normes dins dels fòrums multilaterals com a conseqüència de l’auge de les economies emergents, reticents a mesures globals vinculants per motius ideacionals i materials. En segon lloc, perquè les normes privades transnacionals, sovint aclamades com una resposta a la “escletxa de la governança mundial”, tenen un impacte més aviat limitat a les Xarxes Globals de Producció. Aquestes normes tenen una certa presència i importància a la UE i altres mercats occidentals, però el seu pes en altres parts de la resta del món és limitat. Com a conseqüència, la UE pren cada vegada més mesures unilaterals.
La tesi conclou que l’elecció de les polítiques unilaterals i bilaterals reflecteix un canvi des del suport a qualsevol preu al multilateralisme cap al reconeixement més pragmàtic d’una multipolaritat globalitzada.La investigación sobre el papel que los recursos naturales juegan en la financiación de conflictos armados ha tomado fuerza durante la década de 2000. La Unión Europea (UE) ha reconocido el problema que suponen estos recursos, llamados "recursos de conflicto", pero carece de un enfoque coherente para su gestión. En algunos casos, la UE ha optado por medidas multilaterales para romper el vínculo entre los recursos naturales y los conflictos mientras que en otros casos, la Unión ha actuado de forma unilateral o no ha actuado en absoluto. Estas posiciones pueden parecer sorprendentes, ya que la UE es percibida generalmente como la promotora por excelencia de soluciones multilaterales en la resolución de problemas globales. La pregunta que se responde en la tesis es, por lo tanto, por qué la UE ha optado por diferentes políticas para estos casos tan parecidos. Para responder a esta cuestión se ha diseñado un marco analítico que integra factores internos y externos. Por un lado, se examina dentro de las instituciones de la UE y los Estados miembros el nivel de apoyo a dado a ciertas medidas para la restricción del comercio de estos "recursos de conflicto". Por otro lado, se estudia el desarrollo de este tipo de políticas en el contexto global utilizando el concepto de Redes Globales de Producción. Los conflictos son alimentados por los ingresos de la explotación de los recursos naturales y, por lo tanto, están incorporados en los procesos de globalización económica. Este marco se aplica a los casos de (I) los diamantes y el Proceso de Kimberley; (II) la madera y el Reglamento de la Madera de la UE; y (III) los minerales de la República Democrática del Congo. En todos los casos estudiados se puede detectar una compleja interacción entre las consideraciones normativas y económicas. Cuanto más se reconcilian estas dimensiones, más apoyo tiene una medida en el ámbito de la UE. Para los resultados de las políticas finales, sin embargo, el contexto global es el factor determinante. En primer lugar, debido al auge de las economías emergentes que se oponen a medidas globales vinculantes tanto por motivos ideológicos como materiales, la UE se encuentra con un entorno más adverso para promover sus normas a través de foros multilaterales. En segundo lugar, las regulaciones privadas transnacionales, a menudo aclamadas como una respuesta a la "brecha de la gobernanza global", sólo tienen un impacto limitado en muchas Redes Globales de Producción. Mientras tienen una cierta presencia e importancia en la UE y otros mercados occidentales, su peso en grandes partes del resto del mundo es limitado. Como consecuencia de estos dos acontecimientos la UE decide usar medidas unilaterales cada vez más. La tesis concluye que la elección de estas políticas unilaterales / bilaterales refleja un cambio desde el apoyo a cualquier precio al multilateralismo hacia un reconocimiento más pragmático de una multipolaridad globalizada.
Since the 2000s, the role of natural resources that are financing armed conflicts has come under increased academic scrutiny. The European Union (EU) has as well recognised the problem of these so-called “conflict resources”, but lacks so far a coherent approach to address it. In some cases the EU has opted for multilateral measures to break the link between natural resources and conflicts, but in other cases the Union acts unilaterally or not at all. This may appear surprising as the EU is usually perceived as the global champion of multilateral solutions for global issues. The dissertation asks therefore why the EU has chosen different policy measures for these similar-looking cases. To answer this question an analytical framework has been designed that integrates internal and external factors. On the one hand the level of support at the EU institutions and among the Member States for measures to curtail the trade in these “conflict resources” was examined. On the other hand, the global context for such policies was studied by using the Global Production Networks (GPN)-conceptualisation. The conflict dynamics, fuelled by the revenues of natural resource exploitation, were thus embedded in broader processes of economic globalisation. This framework was applied to the cases of (I) diamonds and the Kimberley Process; (II) timber and the EU Timber Regulation; and (III) minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. On the internal level, in all studied cases a complex interplay between normative and economic considerations could be detected. The more these dimensions could be reconciled, the more support a measure had at the EU-level. For the final policy outcomes, however, the global context was the more determining factor. Firstly, due to the rise of the emerging economies that oppose for both ideational and material motives globally binding measures, the EU encounters a more adverse environment to promote its norms through multilateral forums. Secondly, transnational private regulations, often hailed as an answer to the “Global Governance Gap”, only have a limited impact on large parts of many GPNs. The EU had incorporated such schemes in its policies but they can therefore not provide genuine global solutions to this kind of problems. As a consequence of these two developments the EU is increasingly taking unilateral steps. The thesis concludes therefore that the EU’s choices for unilateral/bilateral policies in the field of conflict resources reflect a move from supporting multilateralism at any price to a more pragmatic recognition of globalised multipolarity.
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Reginevich, Yuliya. "Energetická závislost Evropské unie v kontextu její obchodní politiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85907.
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The thesis is about energy dependency of the European Union. Aim of the work is to analyze the situation of the energy relations of European Union and regions, which are the main energy suppliers from the trade policy point of view. Thesis is aimed at characterizing trade instruments used in trade with natural resources. EU - North Africa relations are studied in more detailed way as a concrete example of energy relations.
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Starostová, Andrea. "Kritická analýza politiky Evropské unie a jej dopad na firmu E.ON SE." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224256.
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Hlavným cieľom diplomovej práce je kriticky analyzovať politiku Európskej Únie a jej dopad na činnosť nadnárodnej spoločnosti E.ON. Keďže politika Európskej Únie má za cieľ zefektívniť spôsob podnikania vykonávaného v rámci Európskej Únie a okrem iného má predstavovať garanciu zodpovednosti jak spotrebiteľov, tak dodávateľov operujúcich na trhu, tak zámer práce bol definovaný na analýzu politického vplyvu rozhodnutí Európskej Únie a ich dopad na následné strategické rozhodnutia firmy. Analytická čas práce je preto zameraná na analýzu Európskej energetickej politiky s kladením dôrazu na profil spoločnosti E.ON, Európsku energetickú stratégiu, obnoviteľné zdroje, jadrovú energetiku, bezpečnosť energetickej dodávky a na Európsky systém obchodovania s emisiami.
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Hlavatý, Adam. "Zajištění podnikatelského záměru dotací z fondů EU." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221743.
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The Master’s thesis deals with the renewable resources of energy and possibilities of funding of solar electrical power production from European union funds. The thesis also contains the feasibility study and the concept of Eko-Energie program grant application form, which can help to gain the financial support for increasing the effectivity of the project.
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Novotná, Petra. "Význam malého a středního podnikání pro regionální rozvoj." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16402.
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The thesis concerns small and medium-sized enterprises in the Czech republic. The thesisi is determined by the general definition of entrepreneur, small and medium-sized enterprises, business environment, related laws and sources of funding. General definitions were applied in the case study on the specific region -- microregion of Podralsko. Public administration support of small and medium-sized enterprises occurs either in direct or indirect form, the sources of fundings may be drawn from the state budget, from the local-authorities budget and from european sources. The role od public administration and other institutions in small and medium-sized enterprises support affects small and medium-sized enterprises on natinal, regional and local level of microregions and municipalities.
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Německá, Lenka. "Evropský sociální fond a financovní lidských zdrojů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222327.
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The main goal of this diploma work is to clear the possibility of financing human resources development in the company Lemon, s.r.o., operational programmes introduction in the frame of programming period of 2007 – 2013, with the aim to programmes, which are determined for human resources development financing. Main source is European social fund and above all operational programme Human resources and employment. Partial objective of the work is to introduce how to set plan of the human resources development in the company Lemon, s.r.o. on the basis of the question-form and workshop, therefore to educate employees in a complex and sytematic way. Further objective of the work is also identification of proposals preparation, above all proposal structure and contents of particular sections.
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Ponomarev, Jan. "Vliv vstupu České republiky do Evropské unie na celní politiku ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85952.
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This diploma thesis is focused on the customs policy of the Czech Republic as an EU Member State. The aim of the study is divided into three areas: The first objective is to characterize the changes that occurred in the Czech Republic after it became part of the single customs territory of the EU. Therefore to clearly describe the basic features of the EU customs policy - its principles, tools and techniques for customs proceedings, each customs procedures, Common Customs Tariff, etc. The second goal is to provide an overview of collecting customs duties in the territory of the Czech Republic just before and after joining the EU. The third objective of this diploma thesis is to characterize and analyze the revenues from customs duties throughout the EU, as the customs duties are one of the Traditional Own Resources (TOR) of the EU budget.
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Hanáková, Lenka. "Financování veřejné stavební zakázky a její dopad na hospodaření obce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227179.
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The aim of my thesis was to identify sources of funding to selected public works and interconnect the impact of financing public construction order for manage-ment of the municipality. In the theoretical part are explained basic concepts relat-ed to public contract and the possibilities of its financing. In the practical part is characterizes specific public works, financed by using funding from the EU and its impact on the economy of the municipality.
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Štorková, Lucie. "Financování vzdělávacích aktivit podniku prostřednictvím ESF." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222777.
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The Human Resources and Employment Operational Programme is focused on minimization of unemployment by means of active policy on the labour market, professional education, reintegration of socially excluded citizens into society, improvement of public administration quality and international cooperation in the said areas.
Books on the topic "European Resource Unit"
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Age Concern, England. European Resource Unit. 1:4 Media Project. 1:4. London: [European Resource Unit, Age Concern England], 1996.
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Leat, Mike. Human resource issues of the European Union. London: Financial Times Management, 1998.
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Richard, Stephen. Basic sources for libraries and information units. [Glasgow]: Glasgow University Library, 1987.
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Richard, Stephen. Basic sources for libraries and information units. [Oxford?]: Association of EDC Librarians, 1987.
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Tourism resources in Eastern Europe: Problems and prospects for cooperation (Studies / Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General XXIII, Tourism Unit). UNIPUB [distributor], 1993.
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Tourism resources in Eastern Europe: Problems and prospects for cooperation (Studies / Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General XXIII, Tourism Unit). UNIPUB [distributor], 1993.
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Little, Conor, and David M. Farrell. Party Organization and Party Unity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758631.003.0012.
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This chapter examines the crucial role that political parties play in maintaining a unified voting bloc in parliament. This party-based approach sets it apart from most existing studies in this area. The focus of this chapter is on the factors that incentivize MPs to vote in a unified manner. The chapter tests three hypotheses: (1) whether party unity is improved by greater party organizational strength; (2) whether the greater threat of disciplinary sanctions increases party unity; and (3) whether greater access to resources by MPs reduces party unity. The authors use the Political Party Database (PPDB) dataset to test these hypotheses in thirteen of Europe’s democracies, finding strong support for the third hypothesis, some support for the first hypothesis, but little support for the second hypothesis. This study adds an important new dimension to research on how institutions affect party unity by showing the distinct role party organizations can play in this regard.
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Energy and Environmental Programme (Royal Institute of International Affairs) and University of Sussex. Science Policy Research Unit., eds. A Single European market in energy: A joint report of the Energy and Environmental Programme, Royal Institute of International Affairs and Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex. London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1989.
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Willumsen, David M. The Acceptance of Party Unity in Parliamentary Democracies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805434.001.0001.
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The central argument of this book is that voting unity in European legislatures is not primarily the result of the ‘disciplining’ power of the leadership of parliamentary parties, but rather the result of a combination of ideological homogeneity through self-selection into political parties and the calculations of individual legislators about their own long-term benefits. Despite the central role of policy preferences in the subsequent behaviour of legislators, preferences at the level of the individual legislator have been almost entirely neglected in the study of parliaments and legislative behaviour. The book measures these using an until now under-utilized resource: parliamentary surveys. Building on these, the book develops measures of policy incentives of legislators to dissent from their parliamentary parties, and show that preference similarity amongst legislators explains a very substantial proportion of party unity, yet alone cannot explain all of it. Analysing the attitudes of legislators to the demands of party unity, and what drives these attitudes, the book argues that what explains the observed unity (beyond what preference similarity would explain) is the conscious acceptance by MPs that the long-term benefits of belonging to a united party (such as increased influence on legislation, lower transaction costs, and better chances of gaining office) outweigh the short-terms benefits of always voting for their ideal policy outcome. The book buttresses this argument through the analysis of both open-ended survey questions as well as survey questions on the costs and benefits of belonging to a political party in a legislature.
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Kirch, Patrick V. The Prehistory of Hawai‘i. Edited by Ethan E. Cochrane and Terry L. Hunt. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199925070.013.027.
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The Hawaiian Islands are the most isolated inhabited archipelago in the world. Initially colonized around A.D. 1000, the environmental gradients of rainfall and island-age have influenced subsequent cultural variation and differentiation in the islands. Settlements are typically dispersed hamlets and integrated within agricultural facilities such as irrigated pondfields and dryland field systems. Populations were politically organized in idealized pie-shaped units or ahupua`a that typically encompass a cross-section of island resources. Material culture , including fishhooks, stone tools, and religious temples, is broadly similar within these units, but there is also much evidence for elite control of specialized production in some areas. The Hawaiian Islands are the archetypal chiefdom society, although based on changes in demography, monumental architecture (heiau) and royal centers, intensive agriculture, and divine kingship, the population had likely crossed the threshold of sociopolitical complexity to that of an archaic state prior to the arrival of Europeans in 1778.
Book chapters on the topic "European Resource Unit"
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Anischenko, L. Ya. "Data Collection for the Improvement of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Procedures and of Hydro-Technical Units in the Ukraine." In Data Sharing for International Water Resource Management: Eastern Europe, Russia and the CIS, 69–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1209-5_6.
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"7. Votes Count, Resources Decide." In The Nordic States and European Unity, 167–83. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501725777-009.
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Barcik, Agnieszka, and Piotr Dziwiński. "Internationalization of Polish Higher Education within Knowledge Transfer and Innovation." In Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development, 247–71. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8216-0.ch012.
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Internationalization of higher education in Poland is a relatively new subject which has been gradually gaining its importance. The economic and political transformation of Poland opened new opportunities for Polish universities. The accession to the European Union enabled the educational and research units to apply for European funds in this respect. Despite numerous difficulties, the universities reform their strategies and search for new solutions to increase the level of internationalization and thus their competitiveness. These actions are necessary and crucial for their further development. The chapter describes general issues of internationalization of Polish higher education and shows that the level of internationalization may be achieved successfully by various forms of cross-border cooperation. Polish-Czech cooperation in the field of knowledge transfer and innovation carried out by two partner universities located in the Polish – Czech borderland is a case study illustrating this process.
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Oliveira, Teresa Carla, Stuart Holland, João Fontes da Costa, and Francisco Edinaldo Lira de Carvalho. "Hierarchies and Holdings." In Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development, 342–76. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4731-2.ch017.
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This chapter proposes that key features of New Public Management (NPM) in complex public service organisations, such as teaching hospitals, are less new than a reversal to Weberian hierarchy, Fordist concern with throughput rather than quality, Taylorist standardised performance criteria, and Foucauldian surveillance. While this judgement is severe, it illustrates that such management models combined with market or quasi-market criteria have been dysfunctional in the UK in near trebling administrative costs, demotivating health professionals, and in the view of their professional associations, risk destroying the principles of a national health service. It proposes that those concerned to counter this could draw on more plural modes of management in public sector institutions such as holding companies as a model for reforms in hospital organisation, which could enable a degree of relative autonomy for individual services and units similar to that typical of small- to medium-sized firms. It distinguishes organisational logic as the basis for economic efficiency from operational logic as the basis for social efficiency in terms of psychological wellbeing of both health professionals and patients. It submits that doctors as managers of staff in different services and units need relative autonomy for effective implementation of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices at operational levels to be able to enhance purposeful engagement and vocational commitment to health as public service as well to enable psychological contracting into change. Informed by a case study within a socio-cognitive approach in a major European teaching hospital, it then draws implications concerning the merits of a holding company model for hospital organisation.
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Steinberg, Paul F. "Scaling Up." In Who Rules the Earth? Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199896615.003.0013.
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José Delfín Duarte rises at the crack of dawn in a neighborhood on the outskirts of San Isidro, Costa Rica. He grabs his machete and rain parka, puts on his black galoshes, and heads out in a flatbed truck up a series of muddy roads surrounded by lush forest interspersed with farms. Eventually he arrives at a small water-distribution facility located at the top of a hill overlooking the surrounding watershed. He checks the station’s tanks, carefully noting the water levels. Duarte is the elected leader of a group of local citizens who have been given responsibility for managing water resources in their community. They decide how much water is used and how it will be allocated among families and farms in the area. They collect user fees, purchase equipment, and make numerous daily decisions affecting water use. Their role stems from a power-sharing arrangement with the Costa Rican government, which in recent years has crafted similar agreements with hundreds of local water associations throughout the country. Six thousand miles to the east, Claudia Olazábal begins her day in the outer suburbs of Brussels. She takes the subway to her office in the European Commission, a sleek modern glass and steel building where she heads the Biodiversity Unit of the European Union’s Directorate General for the Environment. On this particular day, her attention is focused on the design of new rules for the control of invasive species, which pose a major threat to ecosystems worldwide. Six years in the making, this rule came about after extensive consultation with stakeholders throughout the twenty-seven member countries of Europe—farmers unions and botanic gardens, prime ministers and pet shop owners. Working with a professional staff of Swiss and Germans, Poles and Portuguese, and many other nationalities, Olazábal is preparing for a lengthy negotiation involving lawmakers throughout the continent in a complex dance that will hopefully produce a new European policy on invasive species. Claudia Olazábal and José Delfín Duarte operate worlds apart, yet they have much in common. Both are creating rules that will shape our planet for decades and even centuries to come.
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Katajala-Peltomaa, Sari. "Conclusions." In Demonic Possession and Lived Religion in Later Medieval Europe, 178–84. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850465.003.0008.
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This chapter shows how demonic possession was conceptualized as a lived experience of religion and argues that the diabolical had many functions within the miraculous. Lived religion as a methodological tool, a way to read the depositions of canonization processes, displays the way lay people used demons (not vice versa) in singling out and dealing with uncertainties in their lives. Religion-as-lived was built upon corporeal experiences; the performative space religion created was made real for the individual and the community by embodied signs and practices. As a fluid rhetorical resource, demons also facilitated a contribution to the construction of society and culture. The differences between lay and clerical spheres were visible when demonic possession involved female sexuality or the position of the clergy. Geographical differences demonstrate the limits of the Church’s universalizing discourse and challenge strict categorizations concerning gender, the demonic, and even medieval Europe as a single, coherent unity.
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Oliveira, Teresa Carla, Stuart Holland, João Fontes da Costa, and Francisco Edinaldo Lira de Carvalho. "Hierarchies and Holdings." In Healthcare Administration, 341–76. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6339-8.ch018.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter proposes that key features of New Public Management (NPM) in complex public service organisations, such as teaching hospitals, are less new than a reversal to Weberian hierarchy, Fordist concern with throughput rather than quality, Taylorist standardised performance criteria, and Foucauldian surveillance. While this judgement is severe, it illustrates that such management models combined with market or quasi-market criteria have been dysfunctional in the UK in near trebling administrative costs, demotivating health professionals, and in the view of their professional associations, risk destroying the principles of a national health service. It proposes that those concerned to counter this could draw on more plural modes of management in public sector institutions such as holding companies as a model for reforms in hospital organisation, which could enable a degree of relative autonomy for individual services and units similar to that typical of small- to medium-sized firms. It distinguishes organisational logic as the basis for economic efficiency from operational logic as the basis for social efficiency in terms of psychological wellbeing of both health professionals and patients. It submits that doctors as managers of staff in different services and units need relative autonomy for effective implementation of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices at operational levels to be able to enhance purposeful engagement and vocational commitment to health as public service as well to enable psychological contracting into change. Informed by a case study within a socio-cognitive approach in a major European teaching hospital, it then draws implications concerning the merits of a holding company model for hospital organisation.
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Gaуdukevich, Svitlana, and Nadia Semenova. "JUSTIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROPROCESSOR MICROCLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEM IN THE GREENHOUSE." In European vector of development of the modern scientific researches. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-22.
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Plants are biological objects that react to any changes in the environment and all the microclimatic parameters of the greenhouse are closely related to each other and directly affect the growth and development of plants of a particular culture, therefore, these parameters must be strictly controlled, located in limits. In the automation of technological processes automatic regulation plays an important role. It maintains unchanged over time any important value that characterizes a particular technological process, or changes these values according to a certain law. Only microprocessor systems, which are part of measuring devices, allow you to accumulate the results of observations, process them according to a certain program. By programming the logic of operation, microprocessor devices increase performance of the equipment. It is especially important to use measuring and information technologies based on the use of microprocessors and sensors in creating an optimal microclimate, i.e., to achieve the appropriate standard parameters indoors areas because along with increasing prices on fuel and energy resources the quality requirements for microclimate support are increasing, too. The primary tasks of automation are tracking and managing microclimatic parameters that directly or indirectly affect plant growth and production. Therefore, it became necessary to develop an effective and inexpensive system management for microclimate parameters for small greenhouses, which would be available to a wide range of consumers. As a result of the analysis of modern equipment for control and management of humidity, temperature and other climatic parameters, a microclimate control automatic system for a greenhouse was manufactured, which was developed and implemented on the hardware-computing platform Arduino in the development environment language Processing/Wiring. The performance characteristics of the developed and implemented device show that it has great potential. Namely, the fact that it performs constant monitoring of all indicators simultaneously due to sensors that transmit information to the control device, which is then fed to the processing unit, after which signals are issued to the corresponding actuators. In addition, the device has functional capabilities that allow you to choose a control method depending on the type of plant and the phase of growth, that is, the system can work according to a strictly specified program, or according to the time that is set depending on the day in the month, hours in the day. Integration of all functions in one system creates new control possibilities, the result of which is the increase in efficiency of optimization of quality of regulation of a microclimate at the expense of logical control that gives to the device additional advantages. That is, the risk of errors is reduced in contrast to the manual control of several independent systems. But it is important that the developed device replaces several separate devices.
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Tarasova, Krystyna, and Kateryna Semenova. "ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION COMPONENT OF MARKETING TERRITORIAL STRATEGIES." In Priority areas for development of scientific research: domestic and foreign experience. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-049-0-12.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the effectiveness of the information component for popularizing the territory brand. In modern conditions, the mobility of people and capital has reached such a level that a well-thought-out branding of the territory allows it to actively compete for resources, investment, skilled labor, partners, and so on. Therefore, the territories need to have their own identity and actively promote it. The importance of creating and promoting a brand is confirmed by both international brand ratings and the results of the development of territories after the implementation of a successfully developed brand. Territory branding helps to transform a country or a separate region from a ge-ographical unit into a full-fledged product that has its own value. The work shows that the creation of an effective brand of a territory is a com-plex mechanism that includes a system of principles, adherence to which allows one to create a brand that reflects the unique characteristics of the territory, its features and attractiveness. Additionally, a successful brand of a territory can become the ba-sis for effective brands of goods and services. The article analyzes the effective and ineffective brands of territories around the world. Based on this, it was concluded that for the marketing strategy of the territory to be successful, it is necessary to equally involve representatives of government, business and citizens themselves. An important component of promoting the brand of the territory, like any other product, is the effective dissemination of information about it to the target audience. The Internet has huge opportunities for this as one of the cheapest and easiest ways to disseminate information. The analysis of data for 2000-2020 carried out in the work showed that the share of Internet users in the world is constantly growing. In developing countries, it tends to have accelerated growth, that according to the prognosis will continue its being in the nearest future. At the same time, the main users of the networks are able-bodied and paying people aged 20 to 39 years, whose share is more than 50% of the world's population. Therefore, promoting the brand of territory using Internet technologies has undeniable advantages over other methods of promoting goods. In order to attract solvent buyers, the territory must be recognizable, have a competitive and attractive Internet portal. The analysis carried out in the work showed that the websites of the Ukrainian territorial units have a number of short-comings in comparison with the leading European practices. Therefore, the authori-ties should actively involve professional marketers to develop competitive brands, which will ultimately help the Ukrainian territories to fight equally for resources and capital. In addition, the development of the official site of the territory with the popularization of working enterprises and industries can give an impetus to attracting investment in business.
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"e 24 décembre 1979, le premier vol d’essai de la réunions interminables, d’ajournements répétés en fusée Ariane est couronné de succès. Un beau missions de bons offices auprès d’une dizaine de cadeau de Noël pour l’Europe qui entre enfin gouvernements... dans l’aventure spatiale, après des années d’échecs et Le 31 juillet 1973, une nouvelle conférence à d’hésitations. laquelle participent les ministres chargés des questions Dès 1972, le CNES – Centre national d’études spatiales de dix pays européens prend un bien mauvais spatiales français – étudie un lanceur d’un type départ. A cinq heures du matin, tous les journalistes ont nouveau. Mais il manque encore au Vieux Continent déserté la réunion et annoncent un nouvel échec: c’est une volonté politique et une organisation supranationale alors que se produit le “miracle”: l’accord sur la qui lui permettrait de s’aligner sur les Etats-Unis ou création d’une nouvelle agence spatiale, l’ESA, l’Union soviétique. Incapables de trouver un accord, les European space agency, et l’adoption du projet du Européens naviguent de conférences sans résultats en CNES, rebaptisé Ariane." In Francotheque: A resource for French studies, 164–69. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/978020378416-30.
Full textConference papers on the topic "European Resource Unit"
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Ko, Ho Fai, and Nicola Nicolici. "Resource-Efficient Programmable Trigger Units for Post-Silicon Validation." In 2009 14th IEEE European Test Symposium (ETS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ets.2009.35.
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Oğuz, Ahmet, and Gülçin Güreşçi Pehlivan. "Water Flowing Beyond Borders and Water Problems." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00548.
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The difficulty of drawing the borders of the Middle East originates from the fact that the region is not a clear geographical unit. This means that it is determined by the political and cultural elements as “The West”, not by the geographical element as the “Western Europe”. The important position of the region becomes clear with the production of petroleum. The petroleum of the Middle East meets a large part of the energy requirements of Europe and Asia, however almost everyone agrees that water began to take the place of petroleum and will be the most important natural resource in the near future at the Middle East. We tried to emphasize the strategic importance of the water in the Middle East, the hydrological characteristics of water flowing beyond borders and the replace of South-Eastern Anatolia Project in the Turkish-Arabic relations, the use and management of water resources, some efforts and search for solutions.
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Bîtcă (Bunghez), Maricica-Dănuta, Gicu-Valentin Dogaru, and Razvan-Ion Chitescu. "Reform of Public Education System in Romania." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/27.
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From an epistemological perspective, the public education system is a specially developed concept to determine qualitative transformations, superior in the pedagogical reality delimited in a macro-structural context. It reflects a virtual pedagogical reality, important through its superior, formative, open, inexhaustible methodologically and praxeological potential. The main goal of the education system is to educate the further workforce, in this macro-context it is part of the global social system and should be in accordance to the transformation of the society. Education units are the base cells where the education, training programs are design, using the existing infrastructure and human resources, placing the educational process in time and space. In this research, we aim to analyze the mission, organizational and management structures of the public education service in Romania. Unpredictable, education plays an important role in any society that focuses on knowledge. Through it, the personality of the most important resource, the man, is modeled. That is why the education system has to build to provide knowledge and skills comparable with other European Union or worldwide education units.
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Jain, Anjali, Sumanth Yamujala, Partha Das, Ankita S. Gaur, Rohit Bhakar, Jyotirmay Mathur, and Priyanka Kushwaha. "Unit Commitment Framework to Assess Flexibility Resource Capability for High RE Penetration." In 2020 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgt-europe47291.2020.9248969.
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Domingo Calabuig, Débora, and Laura Lizondo Sevilla. "UNI-HERITAGE. European Postwar Universities Heritage: A Network for Open Regeneration." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10255.
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This research project aims at the regeneration of European universities created in the 60s and 70s through a systematic, circular, open and integrated process of their cultural heritage. At present, these campuses represent both a tangible and intangible heritage (architecture, urban planning, landscape… but also pedagogy, specialization areas, educational policies) whose adaptation to contemporaneity involves issues related to environmental sustainability, to the institution organizational capacities, and to its social implication. Specifically, this proposal aims at lines of action that would offer strategies such as the renewal of infrastructures and services and the adaptive reuse of the built heritage (space recycling, sustainability), the updating of the physical teaching spaces to the new teaching methodologies (European Higher Education Area), and the campus social consideration as a comfortable, conflict-safe and cultural-integrated area. Beyond the simple conservation, restoration and physical rehabilitation of a set of buildings and a university fabric, this project has the added value of an integrated or interdisciplinary action model that seeks four aspects of innovation: the organizational, the formative, the technological and social. This research proposes to ensure a longer life cycle for the heritage through its participation as a resource in the dynamics of regeneration of the universities.
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Cardona, Jordi, Carles Hernandez, Jaume Abella, and Francisco J. Cazorla. "Maximum-Contention Control Unit (MCCU): Resource Access Count and Contention Time Enforcement." In 2019 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/date.2019.8715155.
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Falgàs, E., J. Ledo, T. Teixido, B. Benjumea, A. Marcuello, P. Queralt, F. Ribera, and C. Arango. "Groundwater Resources Assessment Using Audiomagnetotelluric and Seismic Data – The Fluvial Deltaic Tordera Aquifer Unit (NE Spain)." In Near Surface 2005 - 11th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.13.p032.
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Shoukat, G., M. Sajid, E. Uddin, and Z. Ali. "Numerical Analysis of Alternating Strand Diameter in Spiral Wound Membrane to Maximize Permeate Flux." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83368.
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Membrane desalination is a pressure driven process which is being employed on a large scale in areas which do not have an easy access to fresh water resources. The large energy consumption of this process has encouraged researchers to explore the different spacer designs for maximizing permeate per unit of energy consumed. Computational fluid fynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the mass transfer enhancement in a reverse-osmosis desalination unit employing spiral wound membranes lined with zigzag spacer filaments of alternating diameters. Finite Volume based open source software OpenFoam was used to resolve the flow properties in a two-dimensional model by varying the Reynolds number until the onset of instability. Diamters of alternate strands were varied between ratios of 1, 1.5 and 2. The research provides guidelines based on comprehensive data set of velocity contours, pressure distribution, wall shear stresses and steady state vortex systems for using alternating strand design in zigzag configuration for maximum mass transfer and least pressure drop taking into account the concentration polarization.
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Ringsberg, Jonas W., Viktor Daun, and Fredrik Olsson. "Analysis of Impact Loads on a Self-Elevating Unit During Jacking Operation." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41030.
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The renewable energy resource of offshore wind is believed to have a great potential in playing an essential role on the future energy market in Europe, but there are complications such as harsh weather and low accessibility. To manage this, most offshore wind turbines of today are installed and maintained using self-elevating units (SEUs). In this study, a method is presented that enables the analysis of weather window assessments for the installation and retrieval phases of a SEU. The method of analysis takes site-specific parameters, defined as soil type and water depth, into account in addition to vessel-specific and environmental parameters. The inclusion of site-specific parameters is the novel contribution compared to assessment methodologies used today. A simulation model is presented that incorporates a coupled non-linear time-domain analysis of vessel motion and soil-structure interaction. Soil deformation behaviour during impact is described by resistance curves based on a bearing capacity theory. A structural evaluation criterion against which impact forces are compared is used for weather window assessments. The simulation model is applied on a case study utilizing different soil types to study impact forces and the capacity of the structure for withstanding such impacts and eventually performing a weather window assessment. The results show that the jacking operation can be divided into two phases when it comes to loads on the spudcan: a phase dominated by vertical forces followed by a phase dominated by horizontal forces. It is found that including soil deformation behaviour is of paramount importance to the magnitude of the resulting impact forces and that class-recommended practice does indeed produce rather large force estimates. Thus, assessments where site-specific parameters are incorporated could definitely increase the operable weather window for SEUs, and, consequently, increase the economic competitiveness of, for example, the offshore wind industry.
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Pukowiec-Kurda, Katarzyna, and Urszula Myga-Piatek. "Application of New Methods of Environment Analysis and Assessment in Landscape Audits – Case Studies of Urban Areas Like Czestochowa, Poland." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.116.
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Following the 2000 European Landscape Convention, a new act strengthening landscape protection instruments has been in force since 2015. It sets forth legal aspects of landscape shaping (Dziennik Ustaw 2015, poz. 774) and introduces landscape audits at the province level. A landscape audit consists in identification and characterization of selected landscapes, assessment of their value, selection of so-called priority landscapes and identification of threats for preservation of their value. An audit complies with GIS standards. Analyses use source materials, i.e. digital maps of physical-geographical mesoregions, current topographic maps of digital resources of cartographic databases, latest orthophotomaps and DTMs, maps of potential vegetation, geobotanic regionalization, historic-cultural regionalization and natural landscape types, documentation of historical and cultural values and related complementary resources. A special new methodology (Solon et al. 2014), developed for auditing, was tested in 2015 in an urban area (Myga-Piatek et al. 2015). Landscapes are characterized by determining their analytic (natural and cultural) and synthetic features, with particular focus on the stage of delimitation and identification of landscape units in urban areas. Czestochowa was selected as a case study due to its large natural (karst landscapes of the Czestochowa Upland, numerous forests, nature reserves) and cultural (Saint Mary’s Sanctuary, unique urban architecture) potential. Czestochowa is also a city of former iron ore and mineral resources exploitation, still active industry, dynamic urban sprawl within former farming areas, and dynamically growing tourism. Landscape delimitation and identification distinguished 75 landscape units basing on uniform landscape background (uniform cover and use of the land). Landscape assessment used a new assessment method for anthropogenic transformation of landscape – the indicator describing the correlation between the mean shape index (MSI) and the Shannon diversity index (SHDI) (Pukowiec-Kurda, Sobala 2016). Particular threats and planning suggestions, useful in development of urban areas, were presented for selected priority landscapes.
Reports on the topic "European Resource Unit"
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Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.
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Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.