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Journal articles on the topic 'European route 4'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Line, Tim R. M. "The acquisition route to a European presence." European Management Journal 6, no. 4 (1988): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-2373(88)90039-4.

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Ferrari, Claudio, and Alessio Tei. "Emission savings through a re-scheduling of maritime services: possible implications for the Mediterranean ports." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 2 (September 2012): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2012-002006.

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The major aim of the paper is to analyse how growing awareness of environmental impact determined by trade activities can influence maritime transport and how it can facilitate changes in the current structure of maritime routes. In particular, the study compares the emissions concerning two alternatives in current maritime routes to highlight how possible incentives for emission reduction applied to maritime transport could impact the route choice. The analysis focuses on the trade routes from the Far East and South America towards Europe and it compares the emissions in two alternative scena

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Komleva, E. V. "To the History of the Northern Sea Route Development: Meeting of Ship Owners in Irbit on February 25, 1879." Northern Archives and Expeditions 4, no. 4 (2020): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31806/2542-1158-2020-4-4-52-63.

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The article presents the publication of the decision of the meeting of major ship owners and industrialists of the Urals and Western Siberia, held on February 25, 1879 in Irbit. The preserved document reveals one of the pages of the history of the development of the Northern sea route: the organization of research expeditions to the area of the Ob Bay. The source emphasizes the close relationship between regional authorities and representatives of private capital in the development of the Northern territories and the search for water communication between Central Russia, European States and Si

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Mangiaracina, Annalisa. "The Long Route Towards a Widespread European Culture of Alternatives to Immigration Detention." European Journal of Migration and Law 18, no. 2 (2016): 177–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718166-12342098.

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The aim of this article is to provide an analysis of the application by some European Union countries of alternative measures to detention of migrants. Sections 2 and 3 indicate, in line with European normatives and with detention being a measure of last resort, that Member States having ascertained that there are grounds for the detention of migrants, should evaluate whether the aims pursued can be achieved through a less coercive measure which respects the fundamental rights of individuals. Unfortunately, as examined in Section 4, analysis of most European countries’ law reveals an unsatisfa

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Barykin, S. E., I. A. Boyko, A. V. Zakharenko, and P. A. Sharapayev. "DEVELOPMENT OF METHODICAL APPROACH TO AN ASSESSMENT OF INTERESTS OF STAKEHOLDER SMART SUPPLY CHAINS." Strategic decisions and risk management 10, no. 4 (2020): 382–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2618-947x-2019-4-382-395.

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Attention growth to management of chains of deliveries has caused search of new ways of improvement of logistic processes. At the same time the question of a role of the theory of stakeholders in formation and maintenance of chains of deliveries was staticized. The main attention of the concept of interested parties of rather logistic processes has concentrated on the main points of decision-making in a choice of routes for transportation of freights. In article the methodical approach developed by authors to the analysis of extent of influence of interests of stakeholders in management of cha

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Prussi, Matteo, and Laura Lonza. "Passenger Aviation and High Speed Rail: A Comparison of Emissions Profiles on Selected European Routes." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (June 27, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6205714.

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Air transport has been constantly growing and forecasts seem to confirm the trend; the resulting environmental impact is relevant, both at local and at global scale. In this paper, data from various datasets have been integrated to assess the environmental impact of modal substitution with high speed rail. Six intra-EU28 routes and a domestic route have been defined for comparison. The airports have been chosen considering the share of the total number of passengers on flights to/from other EU Member States. Three scenarios have been proposed in the time period 2017–2025; aircraft types, dista

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Petchey, Owen L., and Andrea Belgrano. "Body-size distributions and size-spectra: universal indicators of ecological status?" Biology Letters 6, no. 4 (2010): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0240.

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The sizes of individual organisms, rather than their taxonomy, are used to inform management and conservation in some aquatic ecosystems. The European Science Foundation Research Network, SIZEMIC, facilitates integration of such approaches with the more taxonomic approaches used in terrestrial ecology. During its 4-year tenure, the Network is bringing together researchers from disciplines including theorists, empiricists, government employees, and practitioners, via a series of meetings, working groups and research visits. The research conducted suggests that organismal size, with a generous h

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Kalinowski, Marcin, Rafał Koba, and Magdalena Matczak. "Socio-economic impact of the International Waterway E60 on the Polish and Lithuanian coastal regions." SHS Web of Conferences 58 (2018): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185801013.

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International Waterway E60 (IWW E60) is a sea-shore route running from Gibraltar to the North along European coast up to St. Petersburg then through the Baltic-White Sea Channel, then along the White Sea coast to Arkhangelsk. From the German-Polish border, along the Polish, Russian and Lithuanian coast to the Lithuanian-Latvian border, the route is 610 km-long and runs along 32 Polish municipalities and 4 Lithuanian regions. Determining the role of IWW E60 is important in the context of economic growth of municipalities and coastal regions, especially through the development of local seaports.

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Allan, J., and D. S. Armstrong. "The new European electromagnetic compatibility standards for railways." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 212, no. 2 (1998): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409981530742.

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The EC directive on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) was first agreed in 1989. Generic EMC standards appeared in the early 1990s. However, a transition period was implemented throughout the community from 1992 until December 1995, largely in order for product-specific standards to appear and also to allow time for industry to adapt to the change in legislation. At radio frequencies, the railway industry in the United Kingdom had made use of a standard produced by the Railway Industry Association (RIA) Committee 18 prior to the European Commission (EC) directive. This committee has made a su

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Arvanitakis, Marianna, Paraskevas Gkolfakis, Edward J. Despott, et al. "Endoscopic management of enteral tubes in adult patients – Part 1: Definitions and indications. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline." Endoscopy 53, no. 01 (2020): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1303-7449.

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Main recommendationsESGE recommends considering the following indications for enteral tube insertion: (i) clinical conditions that make oral intake impossible (neurological conditions, obstructive causes); (ii) acute and/or chronic diseases that result in a catabolic state where oral intake becomes insufficient; and (iii) chronic small-bowel obstruction requiring a decompression gastrostomy.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.ESGE recommends the use of temporary feeding tubes placed through a natural orifice (either nostril) in patients expected to require enteral nutrition (EN) for le

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Tian, Fuqiang, Yilu Li, Tongtiegang Zhao, et al. "Evaluation of the ECMWF System 4 climate forecasts for streamflow forecasting in the Upper Hanjiang River Basin." Hydrology Research 49, no. 6 (2018): 1864–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2018.176.

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Abstract This paper assesses the potential of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) System 4 forecasts and investigates the post-processing precipitation to enhance the skill of streamflow forecasts. The investigation is based on hydrological modelling and is conducted through the case study of the Upper Hanjiang River Basin (UHRB). A semi-distributed hydrological model, TsingHua Representative Elementary Watershed (THREW), is implemented to simulate the rainfall–runoff processes, with the help of hydrological ensemble prediction system (HEPS) approach. A post-processi

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Koltukhov, S. G. "BURIALS OF WARRIORS-CHARIOTS OF PRE-SCYTHIAN TIME ON CRIMEAN PENINSULA." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Historical science 6 (72), no. 4 (2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1741-2020-6-4-37-44.

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This note is sanctified to a short description of materials of two complexes of finds which are descended from burial places of Cimmerians warriors. One of the burials is located on the border of steppe and Foothill Crimea. It was discovered and dug out by archaeologists during the building of Taurida’s route in 2017, part of materials are published in 2018 — 2019. The second burial, which is localized in Steppe Crimea, was destroyed by robbers, and the saved material was purchased by a collector and published in 2017, Complexes are undoubtedly, bright. They are determined as burial places of

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IMHOFF, EMILY M., ROBERT J. G. MORTIMER, MARTIN CHRISTMAS, and ALISON M. DUNN. "Horizontal transmission of Thelohania contejeani in the endangered white-clawed (Austropotamobius pallipes) and the invasive signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus)." Parasitology 139, no. 11 (2012): 1471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012000777.

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SUMMARYThe microsporidian parasite Thelohania contejeani causes porcelain disease and has been implicated in mass mortalities in populations of the endangered European crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes. However, the route of parasite transmission is not known. This paper investigates the horizontal transmission of T. contejeani between A. pallipes hosts as well as its transmissibility to the invasive signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus). Field collected juvenile A. pallipes and P. leniusculus were assigned to 1 of 3 experimental treatments; fed heavily infected A. pallipes tissue, expos

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Kraak, Menno-Jan, and Paulo Raposo. "Design strategies for airline route maps, learning from the past." Abstracts of the ICA 2 (October 9, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-2-47-2020.

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Abstract. Airline route maps show the flights an airline operates between destination airports. Maps like these tend to become cluttered quickly. The clutter depends on the amount of flights to display; the routes of flight paths, the balance between shorter (e.g., domestic) and longer (e.g., intercontinental) flights, and the geographic locations of route endpoints each influence the amount of clutter.Flights are typically shown as semantically uniform, despite having varied characteristics such as departure or arrival times, frequencies, or passenger volumes, among others. Most maps only ind

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Jakimów, Małgorzata. "Desecuritisation as a soft power strategy: the Belt and Road Initiative, European fragmentation and China’s normative influence in Central-Eastern Europe." Asia Europe Journal 17, no. 4 (2019): 369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10308-019-00561-3.

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Abstract While much discussion centres on economic properties and political challenges of implementing the China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), few studies investigate the subtle connections between the narratives of the BRI and the political transformations in the regions en route of the project. Through a critique of the Copenhagen School’s theory of securitisation, this paper brings together the analysis of Chinese, Central-Eastern European (CEE) and the core EU governments’ ideas and perceptions of the BRI and assesses what they mean for the future of the European Union’s political and

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Ryan, Sean F., Eric Lombaert, Anne Espeset, et al. "Global invasion history of the agricultural pest butterfly Pieris rapae revealed with genomics and citizen science." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 40 (2019): 20015–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907492116.

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The small cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae, is a major agricultural pest of cruciferous crops and has been introduced to every continent except South America and Antarctica as a result of human activities. In an effort to reconstruct the near-global invasion history of P. rapae, we developed a citizen science project, the “Pieris Project,” and successfully amassed thousands of specimens from 32 countries worldwide. We then generated and analyzed nuclear (double-digest restriction site-associated DNA fragment procedure [ddRAD]) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data for these samples to recon

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Kiss, Árpád. "A menekültügyi őrizet elrendelésének anyagi jogi feltételei az uniós jog tükrében." Debreceni Jogi Műhely 12, no. 1-2 (2015): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24169/djm/2015/1-2/4.

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Hungary lies in the route of the stream of refugees coming from the Balkan. It is a transit country, so the refugees do not typically intend to stay here, they rather wish to travel torwards to West- and North Europe. Particular sections of Hungary's border also mean the external borders of the European Union, the area of freedom, security and justice, which has a common asylum system. Significant part of illegal immigrants presents asylum claim only to avoid the aliens procedures. From the 1st of January 2013, the legislature terminated the aliens detention against asylum applicants. Fr

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Šehović, Emir, Adna Ašić, Mustafa Dogan, Ramazan Tunc, Damir Marjanović, and Serkan Dogan. "NETWORK ANALYSIS ON THE IN SILICO ASSIGNED Y CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUPS IN WESTERN BALKAN POPULATIONS." Genetics & Applications 1, no. 2 (2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31383/ga.vol1iss2pp36-43.

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The region of Western Balkans has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era and was the route of the spread of farming from the Middle East to Europe during the Neolithic era. In the present study, Y-STR data from European populations have been used to construct median-joining networks. The study was performed using Whit Athey’s Haplogroup Predictor, Y Utility and Network 4 software packages to predict Y haplogroups, construct networks, perform clustering of closely related Y chromosomes and calculate time estimates between individual nodes. The results of the study imply that geographically cl

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Kilanowicz, Anna, and Małgorzata Skrzypińska-Gawrysiak. "2,2’-dichloro-4,4’-methylenedianiline – inhalable fraction and vapours. Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)." Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy 36, no. 3(101) (2019): 5–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4164.

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2,2'-Dichloro-4,4'-methylenedianiline (MOCA) is an aromatic amine. It is produced commercially by the reaction of formaldehyde and 2-chloroaniline. It is not produced in Europe and its import to Europe is estimated at 1000-10000 t/year. MOCA is mainly used as a curing agent in the production of polyurethane elastomers. Occupational exposure to MOCA occurs during production, distribution and use of this compound. In Poland in 2016, 14 people were exposed to this compound, including 10 women. Under occupational exposure conditions, MOCA is mainly absorbed through the skin; absorption in the resp

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Fletcher, Emily, Anna Sansom, Emma Pitchforth, et al. "Overseas GP recruitment: comparing international GP training with the UK and ensuring that registration standards and patient safety are maintained." BJGP Open 3, no. 2 (2019): bjgpopen18X101640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen18x101640.

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BackgroundAmbitious overseas recruitment targets have been set by the UK government to help alleviate the current GP shortage. European Economic Area (EEA) doctors can join the UK’s GP register under European law. Non-EEA doctors must obtain a Certificate of Eligibility for General Practice Registration (CEGPR), demonstrating equivalence to UK-trained doctors. CEGPR applications can be time-consuming and burdensome. To meet overseas recruitment targets, it is important to facilitate the most efficient route into UK general practice while maintaining registration standards and patient safety.Ai

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Dolengevich-Segal, Helen, Beatriz Rodríguez-Salgado, Jorge Gómez-Arnau, and Daniel Sánchez-Mateos. "Severe Psychosis, Drug Dependence, and Hepatitis C Related toSlammingMephedrone." Case Reports in Psychiatry 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8379562.

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Background. Synthetic cathinones (SCs), also known as “bath salts,” areβ-ketone amphetamine compounds derived from cathinone, a psychoactive substance found inCatha edulis. Mephedrone is the most representative SC.Slammingis the term used for the intravenous injection of these substances in the context ofchemsexparties, in order to enhance sex experiences. Using IV mephedrone may lead to diverse medical and psychiatric complications like psychosis, aggressive behavior, and suicide ideation.Case. We report the case of a 25-year-old man admitted into a psychiatric unit, presenting with psychotic

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Schürmann, C., D. Geiger, M. Picha, and R. Thomas. "CITY2NAVIGATION (C2N) – A NEW SERVICE FOR DIGITAL, FUTURE-PROOF URBAN TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W1-2021 (September 3, 2021): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w1-2021-103-2021.

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Abstract. Digital traffic management solutions are essential for the effective management of the continuing growth of road traffic. However, technical possibilities for implementing traffic management strategies by Traffic Control Centres are limited to a strategic network. At the same time, modern mobility apps from routing services offer road users many options to get informed and guided. The latter usually work independently from traffic management strategies of public authorities. Thus, different route recommendations not only lead to uncertainty of road users, but ultimately to a reductio

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Kozma, Bence, Attila Majoros, Ákos Pytel, Róbert Póka, and Péter Takács. "A percutan nervus tibialis stimuláció szerepe egyes kismedencei kórképek kezelésében." Orvosi Hetilap 159, no. 43 (2018): 1735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2018.31228.

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Abstract: Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is a minimally invasive, safe and well-tolerated neuromodulation technique for the lower urinary tract dysfunctions. PTNS delivers neuromodulation to the pelvic floor through the S2–4 junction of the sacral nerve plexus via the route of the posterior tibial nerve. Using the fine needle electrode insertion above the ankle, the tibial nerve is accessed, which connected to the stimulator. To date despite of its excessive clinical use, PTNS mechanism of action still remains unclear. The technique seems to be an efficacious and safe treatment f

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Ghiani, Gianpaolo, Tommaso Adamo, Pierpaolo Greco, and Emanuela Guerriero. "Lifting the Performance of a Heuristic for the Time-Dependent Travelling Salesman Problem through Machine Learning." Algorithms 13, no. 12 (2020): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13120340.

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In recent years, there have been several attempts to use machine learning techniques to improve the performance of exact and approximate optimization algorithms. Along this line of research, the present paper shows how supervised and unsupervised techniques can be used to improve the quality of the solutions generated by a heuristic for the Time-Dependent Travelling Salesman Problem with no increased computing time. This can be useful in a real-time setting where a speed update (or the arrival of a new customer request) may lead to the reoptimization of the planned route. The main contribution

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Joiris, Claude R., Karin Boos, Diederik D’Hert, and Dominik A. Nachtsheim. "Low Density of Top Predators (Seabirds and Marine Mammals) in the High Arctic Pack Ice." Scientifica 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1982534.

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The at-sea distribution of top predators, seabirds and marine mammals, was determined in the high Arctic pack ice on board the icebreaker RVPolarsternin July to September 2014. In total, 1,620 transect counts were realised, lasting 30 min each. The five most numerous seabird species represented 74% of the total of 15,150 individuals registered: kittiwakeRissa tridactyla, fulmarFulmarus glacialis, puffinFratercula arctica, Ross’s gullRhodostethia rosea, and little aukAlle alle. Eight cetacean species were tallied for a total of 330 individuals, mainly white-beaked dolphinLagenorhynchus albirost

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Silva, Flávio Castro da, Juan Fernando Herrera Guardiola, Luciana Pinto Teixeira, Ana Caroline Lopes Maria, Luan Alves de Souza, and André Luiz Belém. "Optimization of palm oil biodiesel production using response surface methodology." Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais (Online) 56, no. 2 (2021): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z21769478825.

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The purpose of this paper was to analyze palm oil biodiesel production under different conditions and to verify the relationships between production variables in order to optimize biofuel production using response surface methodology (RSM). Biodiesel was produced through transesterification process by methyl route and alkali catalyst (NaOH) 1% (m/m). The analyzed variables were: four molar ratios (3:1, 4:1, 6:1 and 8:1); three temperature reactions (45°, 52° and 60°C); and three time reactions (40, 60 and 80 minutes). For the palm oil biodiesel production, the highest yield was 93%, obtained v

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Smits, Mark, Thuy-My Le, Paco Welsing, Geert Houben, André Knulst, and Kitty Verhoeckx. "Legume Protein Consumption and the Prevalence of Legume Sensitization." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (2018): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101545.

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Sensitization and allergy to legumes can be influenced by different factors, such as exposure, geographical background, and food processing. Sensitization and the allergic response to legumes differs considerably, however, the reason behind this is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study is to investigate if there is a correlation between legume protein consumption and the prevalence of legume sensitization. Furthermore, the association between sensitization to specific peanut allergens and their concentration in peanut is investigated. Legume sensitization data (peanut, soybean, lupin

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Shurulinkov, Peter, Girgina Daskalova, Nayden Chakarov, et al. "Characteristics of soaring birds' spring migration over inland SE Bulgaria." Acrocephalus 32, no. 148-149 (2011): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10100-011-0002-4.

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Characteristics of soaring birds' spring migration over inland SE Bulgaria We investigated the scale and characteristics of spring migration of soaring birds in Bourgas district, SE Bulgaria during three 5-day periods in March (27th-31st), April (20th-24th) and May (12th-16th) 2008. Simultaneous counts were carried out from six observation points in two separate areas (Karnobat and Sredets), located 24.5 km and 37.3 km inland from the Black Sea coast, respectively. In total, 31,049 soaring birds of at least 27 species were counted, by far the most numerous being the White Stork Ciconia ciconia

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Wetterhall, Fredrik, and Francesca Di Giuseppe. "The benefit of seamless forecasts for hydrological predictions over Europe." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 6 (2018): 3409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3409-2018.

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Abstract. Two different systems provide long-range forecasts at ECMWF. On the sub-seasonal timescale, ECMWF issues an extended-range ensemble prediction system (ENS-ER) which runs a 46-day forecast integration issued twice weekly. On longer timescales, the current seasonal forecasting system (SYS4) produces a 7-month outlook starting from the first of each month. SYS4 uses an older model version and has lower spatial and temporal resolution than ENS-ER, which is issued with the current operational ensemble forecasting system. Given the substantial differences between the ENS-ER and the SYS4 co

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Rinder, Monika, Andreas Ackermann, Hermann Kempf, Bernd Kaspers, Rüdiger Korbel, and Peter Staeheli. "Broad Tissue and Cell Tropism of Avian Bornavirus in Parrots with Proventricular Dilatation Disease." Journal of Virology 83, no. 11 (2009): 5401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00133-09.

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ABSTRACT Avian bornaviruses (ABV), representing a new genus within the family Bornaviridae, were recently discovered in parrots from North America and Israel with proventricular dilatation disease (PDD). We show here that closely related viruses are also present in captive European parrots of various species with PDD. The six ABV strains that we identified in clinically diseased birds are new members of the previously defined ABV genotypes 2 and 4. Viruses of both genotypes readily established persistent, noncytolytic infections in quail and chicken cell lines but did not grow in cultured mamm

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Clark, Richard E., Ammar A. Basabrain, Gemma M. Austin, et al. "Validation of CIP2A as a Biomarker of Subsequent Disease Progression and Treatment Failure in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia." Cancers 13, no. 9 (2021): 2155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092155.

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Background: It would be clinically useful to prospectively identify the risk of disease progression in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Overexpression of cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) (CIP2A) protein is an adverse prognostic indicator in many cancers. Methods: We examined CIP2A protein levels in diagnostic samples from the SPIRIT2 trial in 172 unselected patients, of whom 90 received imatinib and 82 dasatinib as first-line treatment. Results: High CIP2A levels correlated with inferior progression-free survival (p = 0.04) and with worse freedom from progression (p = 0.03)

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Mesek, Inge, Georgi Nellis, Jana Lass, and Irja Lutsar. "MEDICATION USE IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS ACROSS EUROPE." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 1 (2015): e1.3-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-310148.11.

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ObjectivesThis is the first Europe-wide study aiming to describe the medication use in Neonatal Intensive Care Units and to analyse the factors that might influence the prescription pattern.MethodsA pan-European one day point-prevalence study was conducted in 2012 where all of the prescriptions for hospitalised neonates were recorded. A trade name, manufacturer, active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), strength, galenic form and route of administration were registered.ResultsAltogether 2173 prescriptions were administered to 726 neonates from 21 countries, of whom 66% (477/726) were preterm, 1

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Rondonotti, Emanuele, Cristiano Spada, Samuel Adler, et al. "Small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel disorders: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Technical Review." Endoscopy 50, no. 04 (2018): 423–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0576-0566.

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Main recommendations Small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) 1 ESGE recommends that prior to SBCE patients ingest a purgative (2 L of polyethylene glycol [PEG]) for better visualization.Strong recommendation, high quality evidence.However, the optimal timing for taking purgatives is yet to be established. 2 ESGE recommends that SBCE should be performed as an outpatient procedure if possible, since completion rates are higher in outpatients than in inpatients.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 3 ESGE recommends that patients with pacemakers can safely undergo SBCE without special pr

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Clark, Richard E., Jane F. Apperley, Mhairi Copland, and Silvia Cicconi. "Additional chromosomal abnormalities at chronic myeloid leukemia diagnosis predict an increased risk of progression." Blood Advances 5, no. 4 (2021): 1102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003570.

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Abstract At diagnosis of chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), there are conflicting data as to whether additional cytogenetic abnormalities (ACAs) beyond a standard Philadelphia (Ph) translocation confer a higher risk of subsequent disease progression. In the United Kingdom SPIRIT2 trial comparing imatinib 400 mg daily with dasatinib 100 mg daily, diagnostic karyotypes were available in 763 of the 814 patients recruited. Of these, 27 had ACAs in either/both the original 4 major route group (trisomy 8 or 19, iso17q or a second Ph) or the 5 additional lesions recently described (trisomy

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Ayele, Wuhib Y., Petra Svastova, Petr Roubal, Milan Bartos, and Ivo Pavlik. "Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Cultured from Locally and Commercially Pasteurized Cow's Milk in the Czech Republic." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 3 (2005): 1210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.3.1210-1214.2005.

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ABSTRACT Between November 2002 and April 2003, 244 bottles and cartons of commercially pasteurized cow's milk were obtained at random from retail outlets throughout the Czech Republic. During the same period, samples of raw milk and of milk that was subsequently subjected to a minimum of 71.7°C for 15 s in a local pasteurization unit were also obtained from two dairy herds, designated herds A and B, with low and high levels, respectively, of subclinical Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection, and from one herd, herd C, without infection. Infection in individual cows in each herd

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Takova, Katerina, Tsvetoslav Koynarski, George Minkov, et al. "Development and Optimization of an Enzyme Immunoassay to Detect Serum Antibodies against the Hepatitis E Virus in Pigs, Using Plant-Derived ORF2 Recombinant Protein." Vaccines 9, no. 9 (2021): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090991.

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Hepatitis E is an emerging global disease, mainly transmitted via the fecal–oral route in developing countries, and in a zoonotic manner in the developed world. Pigs and wild boar constitute the primary Hepatitis E virus (HEV) zoonotic reservoir. Consumption of undercooked animal meat or direct contact with infected animals is the most common source of HEV infection in European countries. The purpose of this study is to develop an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of anti-hepatitis E virus IgG in pig serum, using plant-produced recombinant HEV-3 ORF2 as an antigenic coating protein, a

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Hamidović, Azra, Jonas Raoul Etougbétché, Arétas Babatounde Nounnagnon Tonouhewa, et al. "A hotspot of Toxoplasma gondii Africa 1 lineage in Benin: How new genotypes from West Africa contribute to understand the parasite genetic diversity worldwide." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 2 (2021): e0008980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008980.

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Through international trades, Europe, Africa and South America share a long history of exchanges, potentially of pathogens. We used the worldwide parasite Toxoplasma gondii to test the hypothesis of a historical influence on pathogen genetic diversity in Benin, a West African country with a longstanding sea trade history. In Africa, T. gondii spatial structure is still non-uniformly studied and very few articles have reported strain genetic diversity in fauna and clinical forms of human toxoplasmosis so far, even in African diaspora. Sera from 758 domestic animals (mainly poultry) in two coast

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Bruchajzer, Elżbieta, and Barbara Frydrych. "3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine and its salts – inhalable fraction. Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)." Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy 34, no. 2(96) (2018): 61–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0759.

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3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine (3,3'-DMB, DMB, o-tolidine) is a solid used (as water-soluble dihydrochloride salt (dimethylbenzidine · 2HCl)) in the production of azopigments, polyurethane elastomers and plastics for coating. Small amounts are also used in diagnostic tests in laboratories. Occupational exposure to dimethylbenzydine occurs mainly during the production and use of pigments to dye textiles, plastics, paper and leather. In 2005–2014, dimethylbenzidine was used in Poland in 18–30 workplaces, where 135–280 people each year (mainly women) were exposed. No epidemiological data and information

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Kontarov, N. A., N. V. Yuminova, G. I. Alatortseva, L. N. Lukhverchik, Z. Sh Nurmatov, and I. V. Pogarskyia. "A mathematical model for developing hepatitis E virus infection in human population." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 9, no. 2 (2019): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2019-2-381-384.

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Hepatitis E is an acute viral infectious disease transmitted by fecal-oral route mainly through fecally contaminated drinking water, with cyclic outbreaks and frequent development of acute hepatic encephalopathy in pregnant women. Hepatitis E epidemic outbreaks occur in Central Asia, Africa and Latin America, whereasChina,India,Turkmenistan,Kazakhstan,Tajikistan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Bolivia,Mexico, andTaiwanrepresent endemic geographic regions. Hepatitis E in the structure of acute viral hepatitis morbidity during outbreaks ranges from 64.7% to 80%, whereas sporadic morbidity may be up to 10

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Sullivan, A. P., N. Hodas, B. J. Turpin, et al. "Evidence for ambient dark aqueous SOA formation in the Po Valley, Italy." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 24 (2015): 35485–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-35485-2015.

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Abstract. Laboratory experiments suggest that water-soluble products from the gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds can partition into atmospheric waters where they are further oxidized to form low volatility products, providing an alternative route for oxidation in addition to further oxidation in the gas-phase. These products can remain in the particle phase after water evaporation forming what is termed as aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA). However, few studies have attempted to observe ambient aqSOA. Therefore, a suite of measurements, including near real-time WSOC (wat

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Kalis, C. H. J., H. W. Barkema, J. W. Hesselink, C. van Maanen, and M. T. Collins. "Evaluation of Two Absorbed Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays and a Complement Fixation Test as Replacements for Fecal Culture in the Detection of Cows Shedding Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 14, no. 3 (2002): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870201400305.

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Control of paratuberculosis in dairy herds is based on preventing the transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ( Mptb) from cows to calves by management measures, supported by removal of cows excreting these bacteria by the fecal route ( Mptb shedders). Fecal culture is the most accurate test for identifying Mptb shedders, but this technique is expensive and takes up to 16 weeks for results to be available. Serologic tests are inexpensive, rapid, and easy to perform. Of serologic tests, the complement fixation test (CFT) and absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

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Sullivan, Amy P., Natasha Hodas, Barbara J. Turpin, et al. "Evidence for ambient dark aqueous SOA formation in the Po Valley, Italy." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 13 (2016): 8095–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8095-2016.

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Abstract. Laboratory experiments suggest that water-soluble products from the gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds can partition into atmospheric waters where they are further oxidized to form low volatility products, providing an alternative route for oxidation in addition to further oxidation in the gas phase. These products can remain in the particle phase after water evaporation, forming what is termed as aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA). However, few studies have attempted to observe ambient aqSOA. Therefore, a suite of measurements, including near-real-time WSOC (wa

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Borel-Derlon, Annie, Augusto B. Federici, Jenny Goudemand, Catherine Chatelanaz, Celine Henriet, and Françoise Bridey. "Clinical Use of a Von Willebrand Factor with a Low FVIII Content in Von Willebrand Disease Patients Undergoing Surgical Procedures or Deliveries: Results From 5 Prospective Multicenter Studies." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.383.383.

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Abstract Abstract 383FN2 Introduction: Von Willebrand disease (VWD), the inherited bleeding disorder is related to a quantitative or functional defect of von Willebrand factor (VWF). As VWF serves as a carrier for factor VIII (FVIII) in plasma, some VWD types involve low FVIII binding and thus low FVIII levels. International consensus confirms that VWF:RCo is the main predictor in controlling bleeding from mucous membranes in VWD patients. On the other hand, it is recognized that FVIII is the main factor involved in surgical hemostasis. Conversely, high levels of FVIII may increase thrombogeni

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Vorkunova, O., A. Khotivrishvili, A. Tsvyk, and M. Shpakovskaya. "Sino-European Relations in Greater Eurasia." World Economy and International Relations 64, no. 12 (2020): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2020-64-12-96-104.

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The article considers the phenomenon of European-Chinese cooperation in the context of the transformation of Eurasia as an international region. Particular attention is paid to the development of China’s relations with the countries of Eastern and Central Europe and the Western Balkans; the features of China’s interaction with the countries of Southern Europe are revealed. The paper provides an analysis of factors influencing the correlation and struggle between new trends in the process of the innovation space formation in Eurasia. The role of Europe and China in the development of new transi

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Lāce, Baiba, Alvils Krams, Didzis Pilāns, and Astrīda Krūmiņa. "Alpha 1-atitrypsin deficiency: from genetic routes to bedside." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 63, no. 3 (2009): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-009-0027-4.

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Alpha 1-atitrypsin deficiency: from genetic routes to bedside Alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency is a one of the most common genetic disorders in Caucasians. It is characterised by low serum levels of A1AT and a high risk of pulmonary emphysema and liver disease at a young age. The disease is caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene, which belongs to a cluster of protease inhibitor genes, with the main protein function of reducing the activity of serine-type endopeptidases, like neutrophil elastase. The most common mutation is E342K (Z), which is frequently found in northern Europeans. This

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Picker, Nils, Alexander T. Cohen, Anthony Maraveyas, et al. "Patient Preferences Regarding Anticoagulation Therapy in Patients with Cancer Having a VTE Event - a Discrete Choice Experiment in the Cosimo Study." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 2159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-128095.

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Introduction: Current guidelines recommend low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) over Vitamin K Antagonists (VKA) or Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants (NOAC) for the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAT), but also highlight that ultimately the choice of anticoagulant depends on patient-specific factors such as patient preferences, which is important for the acceptance of the treatment and, thus, for adherence and persistence. So far, little is known about the specific preferences of patients with CAT with respect to anticoagulation therapy. More specifically, th

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Kaveshnikov, N. Y. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ENERGY POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(31) (August 28, 2013): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-4-31-82-91.

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The article analyses development of external energy policy of the European Union (EU). In spite of the Lisbon treaty didn’t substantially expend EU powers in external energy policy, European Commission (EC) became more active in recent years. Decision on exchange of information about bilateral energy agreements between Member States (MSs) and third countries may deprive producers of opportunity to differentiate terms of infrastructure projects and energy supply in different MSs. European Commission participation in MSs negotiations with third countries as a guardian of energy market provisions

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Pakulska, Daria, and Sławomir Czerczak. "Chloroethene. Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)." Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy 35, no. 3(97) (2018): 19–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.4766.

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Chloroethene (vinyl chloride) does not occur naturally in nature. It is obtained exclusively by chemical synthesis. It is a gas under normal pressure and temperature conditions. At 40-70 °C, it polymerizes to form polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is a large-volume compound. Its annual global production exceeds 40 million t / year. About 98% of the total production is used to produce polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and copolymers. Chloroethene is also used in the synthesis of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) Exposure to chloroethene occurs during its synthesis and polymerization as well as during

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Koval, L. V., L. M. Horshkova, L. O. Kuzmenko, O. M. Mehem, L. V. Burchak, and A. S. Polyakova. "Sozological peculiarities of the flora of the Desna Plateau (Ukraine)." Biosystems Diversity 26, no. 1 (2018): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011806.

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According to the goals and objectives of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation for 2011–2020 studying and monitoring the rare component of regional floras is highly relevant. This article presents the results of a nature conservation study of the flora of the Desna Plateau (Кrolevets’ and Hlukhiv geobotanic region), situated in the northeast part of Ukraine at the border line of two geomorphological regions (the Central Russian Upland and the Polesia-Dnipro lowland) and of two physical-geographical zones (Novhorod-Sivers`ke Polesia and the Sums`ky forest-steppe. In the orographic aspect,

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Hansen, Vincent L., Morton Coleman, Stephanie Elkins, et al. "An Expanded Treatment Protocol of Panobinostat Plus Bortezomib and Dexamethasone in Patients with Previously Treated Myeloma." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 3027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3027.3027.

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Abstract Introduction: Panobinostat (PAN) is a potent pan-deacetylase inhibitor that targets multiple myeloma (MM) cells via its effects on epigenetics and protein metabolism. In the PANORAMA 1 phase 3 trial, the combination of PAN, bortezomib (BTZ), and dexamethasone (Dex; PAN-BTZ-Dex) significantly increased progression-free survival compared with placebo plus BTZ and Dex, leading to US Food and Drug Administration approval of the combination for the treatment of patients with MM who have received ≥ 2 prior regimens including BTZ and an immunomodulatory agent. The "PANobinostat EXpansion tre

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