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Journal articles on the topic 'European Union countries – Foreign economic relations – Africa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Elbashir, Rania. "LIBYA'S FOREIGN TRADE WITH EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." MEST Journal 10, no. 2 (2022): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12709/mest.10.10.02.07.

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The subject of this empirical and theoretical work is the exchange of foreign trade in Libya with the countries of the European Union. The scientific objective of the research is to make a scientific classification of the volume of foreign trade between Libya and the European Union countries and to discover the factors that hinder foreign trade and explain them scientifically. European countries also support this cooperation and contribute significantly to the formulation of future cooperation policies with Libya in various social, political, and economic fields. However, this cooperation take

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2

Sekongo, N. B. "PROBLEMS OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION, PROSPECTS FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENT." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 3 (May 29, 2020): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-3-102-110.

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The problems of trade and economic relations between West African countries and the European Union have been considered in the article in detail, a brief description of the Economic Community of West African States has been given. The essence of relationships between West Africa and the European Union based on the papers, both foreign and domestic researchers in the field of security, regional economic development and integration etc. has been disclosed. The historical path within the framework of international legal documentation that preceded the signing of the Economic Partnership Agreement

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3

Hansohm, Dirk, and Inna Koblianska. "EXPLORING AFRICA’S GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT THROUGH ENGAGEMENT WITH BRICS AND EU." Економіка розвитку систем 7, no. 1 (2025): 90–102. https://doi.org/10.32782/2707-8019/2025-1-12.

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The European Union has historically been the primary trade partner for African countries, functioning as a pivotal market for African exports and a substantial source of foreign investment. It is evident that, over the course of several decades, this longstanding economic relationship has exerted a significant influence on the trade and development trajectory of the African continent. Nevertheless, in recent years, there has been a marked decline in the relative role of the European Union in Africa's trade landscape. The global economic power balance has undergone a shift, with new and emergin

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4

Armel, Kaze. "Trilateral Cooperation." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 06, no. 03 (2020): 311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740020500189.

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Over the years, China has forged and mastered its own distinctive foreign aid practices as an emerging aid donor. China’s approach to foreign assistance has become highly appreciated as the country’s stature as a provider of economic assistance has matured. In 2013, under President Xi Jinping, Beijing introduced the Belt and Road Initiative, which has become a leading component of China’s foreign policy and triggered a new round of policy reform in its foreign aid agenda. In Africa, China’s foreign assistance has kept in line with the policy of equal treatment. It has shared its development ex

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5

Savchenko, Maryna V., Anna I. Apeniuk, and Darina M. Skladaniuk. "The EU Cooperation with South African Countries: Main Trends and Prospects for Development." Business Inform 6, no. 557 (2024): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2024-6-28-34.

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The article is devoted to the study of the current situation, outlining the main trends in cooperation between the European Union and the countries of South Africa and determining the prospects for its deepening. Attention is focused on the cooperation of the European Union in the economic, political and social spheres with the countries of South Africa. The evolution of interaction, including the impact of the colonial past on modern relations is considered, and the role of the EU as a key investor and trading partner for South Africa is analyzed. The authors substantiate the importance of th

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6

Babic, Blagoje. "China-European union relations: A developing geoeconomic axis." Medjunarodni problemi 62, no. 3 (2010): 418–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1003418b.

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China and the European Union are very interested in developing their mutual relations. They strengthen their positions in the world business by their co-ordinated acting. In their mutual relations, they apply Geoeconomics? methods. They do not regard each other as a military threat but as one of the main economic partners. Their economies are highly complementary. ?The common economic interests? have a decisive role in China EU policy and EU China policy, respectively. EU is China?s largest economic partner. It is its largest export market, the largest source of new technologies and equipment

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Bjelic, Predrag. "Model spoljnotrgovinske politike Evropske unije." Ekonomski anali 44, no. 156 (2003): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0356131b.

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When the European Economic Community, the forerunner of the European Union was formed in 1958, it was agreed that the new integration would be a tariff union with common tariffs toward third countries, but also that it would have a common foreign trade policy. As the Union's executive body, the European Commission is responsible for proposing and implementing foreign trade policies. However, the main subject in creating foreign trade policies still remains the Council of Ministers as the EU's main decision-making and legislative body. The Commission negotiates trade agreements with outside cou

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8

Boldyreva, Elena. "Finland’s Africa Strategy." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran120213237.

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The article analyzes Finland’s strategy towards Africa. The relevance of this topic does not raise doubts in the light of the growing interest not only of Finland, but also of the European Union as a whole in Africa, especially the countries of the Sahel. Finland’s strategy was adopted almost simultaneously with the EU’s strategy and can be considered as an integral part of it. The article analyzes the publicly available documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland, which are relevant both to the policy of this northern country in relation to the continent as a whole and to individu

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9

О., В. Коломієць. "ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЯ СУЧАСНОЇ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ВИШЕГРАДСЬКОЇ ГРУПИ". Сучасне суспільство: політичні науки, соціологічні науки, культурологічні науки 2, № 14 (2018): 88–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1295372.

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<em>The article analyzes the globalization imperatives of the modern foreign policy of Visegrad group (V4), which showed certain differentiation, discreteness and duality due to internal contradictions in the relations between the countries-members of the V4. Currently, the main foreign policy priorities of the Visegrad group is a pan-European policy in the framework of the European Union, to ensure national and regional security of member countries, as well as the implementation of the policy of good neighborliness with neighboring countries, giving priority to the Western Balkan countries th

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10

Kriulin, A. M. "Transformation of foreign policy relations between Great Britain and the South African Republic in the 1950s – 1970s: causes and features." Гуманитарные и юридические исследования 12, no. 1 (2025): 93–102. https://doi.org/10.37493/2409-1030.2025.1.11.

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Introduction. On a global scale, the African continent was of exceptional economic and political value to the European metropolises. For the UK, the South African region has traditionally been particularly attractive, providing British capital with monopoly sales markets, the main sources of raw materials for the development of strategic industries and the most profitable areas for investment. The intention of Britain to strengthen both its economic and military-political presence in traditional zones of influence across the continent and, above all, in the most industrially developed Union of

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11

Khakhalkina, Elena. "UK in Africa before and after Brexit." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International relations 16, no. 1 (2023): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.102.

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The article raises the question of the place of Tropical Africa in the system of British foreign policy priorities before and after Brexit. It is shown that the African continent traditionally played an important role in the colonial empire of the United Kingdom, and its importance only intensified under the conditions of decolonization and the Cold War, which was demonstrated by the first visit in the colonial history of the country of the British leader of H. Macmillan to Africa south of the Sahara in February 1960 (“Year of Africa”) and drawing attention to the future of the continent in co

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12

Tursunov, Sergey. "Modernization of Maghreb countries in the context of external economic relations." Asia and Africa Today, no. 7 (2022): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750017882-2.

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The article analyses how Maghreb countries’ involvement into the global economy, international trade and investment activity, particularly with France and European Union in general, affects their attempts to modernize their economy and to what extent they are efficient. Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia have made many steps towards closer integration with Europe, along with certain measures aimed at loosing the barriers for trade with the African continent, including trade relations inside Maghreb itself. However, their economies still hugely rely on the demand of the European market and foreign di

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13

Habro, Iryna. "ASIAN AND AFRICAN DIRECTIONS OF EU ENVIRONMENTAL DIPLOMACY." European Historical Studies, no. 21 (2022): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2022.21.1.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of environmental diplomacy of the European Union in Asia and Africa. The EU is the leader in the development of international environmental activities. The uniqueness of the EU, compared to other countries in the world, is that its environmental diplomacy is implemented in most regions of the world, including Asia and Africa. All this determines the relevance of the study of Asian and African areas of EU environmental diplomacy. The Asian vector of EU environmental diplomacy is implemented through various programs, projects, through the Asia-Europe Meetin

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14

Muslimova, E. O. "Cooperation between Regions of Spain with Countries of Middle East and North Africa in 1978—2022." Nauchnyi dialog 12, no. 3 (2023): 398–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-3-398-413.

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The question of the specifics of the international relations of the regions of Spain with the countries of the Middle East and North Africa is considered. Attention is paid to increasing the paradiplomatic activity of the regions in the context of globalization and the “new” regionalism. The results of a comparative analysis of the international political practices of the studied territories, a comprehensive study of the structure of political, socio-economic and other interaction of the regions of Spain with the territories of the countries of the Middle East and North Africa are presented. T

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15

Chuprii, Leonid. "China's Geopolitical Role in the Modern Globalized World." Ukrainian Studies, no. 2(83) (July 24, 2022): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.2(83).2022.261062.

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The article examines the strengthening of China’s foreign policy activity in the conditions of the activation of modern challenges. It is pointed out that today China is increasing its political, economic, and cultural influence in the world. It is noted that China is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, it has become the largest exporter in the world, while also increasing imports. Thus, the average growth of Chinese exports in recent decades has increased by 5 times, and the growth of imports - by 4.7 times. It is emphasized that in response to China's economic growth in the We

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16

Mozel, K. N. "Future of the European Union: challenges and prospects." Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service), no. 2 (March 31, 2023): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2302-06.

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The article covers the pressing issues that Brussels is challenged with, key points of its current foreign policy and a possible role of the European Union in the international arena in the near future. As the system of international relations has been transforming increasingly following the start of the Russian special military operation in Ukraine, the present-day capacities of the Union are signifi cantly aff ected by several matters. Elaborating on them, the author focuses on the vulnerability caused by the weakened European security architecture, pivotal peculiarities of the EU engagement

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17

Chupriy, Leonid. "STRENGTHENING CHINA'S GEOPOLITICAL POTENTIAL IN THE CONDITIONS OF CURRENT CHALLENGES." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Philosophy, no. 6 (2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2523-4064.2022/6-10/13.

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The article highlights the peculiarities of the development of China's geopolitical potential in the face of modern challenges. It is pointed out that today China is increasing its political, economic and cultural influence in the world. It is noted that China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world, it has become the largest exporter in the world, while also increasing imports. Thus, the average growth of Chinese exports in recent decades has increased 5 times, and the growth of imports – 4.7 times. It is emphasized that in response to China's economic growth in the West and in s

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18

Petriaiev, O. S. "STRATEGIC INTERESTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY IN THE REGION OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA." National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, no. 3(55) (December 21, 2022): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2022.3(55).269555.

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The coming to power in the Republic of Turkey of Prime Minister and later President Recep Tayyip Erdogan led to a change in the ideological foundation of the state, the rejection of the ideology of Kemalism and the transition to the ideology of neo-Ottomanism with an active foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa. The strengthening of Erdogan's power contributed to a change in Turkey's foreign policy and the development of external relations with the Islamic worlds and, first of all, with the Arab countries. The neo-Ottoman ideology has become a key element in Turkey's foreign polic

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19

Panova, Liudmyla, Ernest Gramatskyy, and Anna Panchenko. "SETTLEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF NON-STATE SOCIAL SERVICES UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF CERTAIN FOREIGN STATES: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECT." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 11, no. 3 (2025): 68–77. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2025-11-3-68-77.

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In the context of the present conditions of wartime, decentralisation and Ukraine's approximation to the standards of the European Union, the issue of payments for social services provided by non-state structures is becoming critical. The positive experience of foreign countries demonstrates that the introduction of contracting models, voucher systems, indicative budgeting, and outsourcing of social functions significantly increases the efficiency of social protection, allowing the state to focus on strategic management, and non-governmental organisations to focus on the direct provision of se

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20

Konstantynov, Viktor. "Eastern Europe in the Policy of ‘Belt And Road’: Is There a Place for Ukraine?" Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XX (2019): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2019-41.

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The article examines China’s policy in Eastern Europe within the framework of the ‘Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)’. The level of Ukraine’s involvement in the cooperation within the framework of this initiative and China’s policy in general is analyzed. It is stressed that in recent years, the ‘Belt and Road’ Initiative is not only economic but also political and security project of China. The main purpose of the initiative is to consolidate the role of Beijing as one of the leaders in the modern world. It is noted that Europe is becoming increasingly important in China’s foreign policy. How-ev

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21

Zhang, X. "The Coronavirus Will Not Change the long-Term Upward Trend of China’s Economic Development." Finance: Theory and Practice 24, no. 5 (2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-5-15-23.

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The author investigates the impact of COVID‑19 and macro-policy adjustment on China’s economic development. The aim is to describe the situation and trend of China’s economic development before and after COVID‑19. The research method is the comparative data analysis. The study shows that in response to COVID‑19, the Chinese government, on the one hand, has accelerated its opening-up, taken the opportunity of fighting against the pandemic to provide medical assistance to and cooperate with other countries, and actively promoted the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and th

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22

Reshytko, Tetiana. "Export of Ukraine’s Agri-Food Products as a Factor in the Development of International Economic Relations." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences, no. 11(44) (2024): 327–34. https://doi.org/10.32515/2663-1636.2024.11(44).327-334.

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The article examines the issue of Ukraine’s agri-food products export as a factor in the development of international economic relations. The relevance of the study of agri-food exports as a factor in the development of international economic relations is indicated. It was revealed that our state exports domestic agri-food products in order to improve its foreign economic activity and strengthen national positions in the international arena. It was revealed that Ukraine became a member of influential international organizations such as FAO, UN, WTO, etc. The Association Agreement of Ukraine wi

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23

Tatalović, Siniša. "Security in the uncertainty of the international order." Godišnjak Međunarodne filozofske škole Feliks Romulijana 1, no. 1 (2024): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/felixr24.05st.

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The modern world is exposed to increasingly rapid and dramatic changes. In the past three years. the most important global processes are marked by great dangers, which interrupted the thirty-year period of global stability and progress. The past three years have been marked by processes that radically change the current political, economic and security relations in the world and significantly affect contemporary states and the international order. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, increasingly intense global migration, the American effort to preserve global dominance, the strengthenin

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24

Sharqi, Assist prof Dr Nahreen Jawad. "Democratic Peace and Liberal Peace: Argumentative and Intentions." International and Political Journal, no. 55 (June 1, 2023): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/ipj.i55.176.

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 Some people believe that the concept of liberal peace should be seen in relation to the thesis of democratic peace. This literature focused more on whether democratic countries are more peaceful in their foreign relations and tried to provide a theoretical and empirical explanation for this. The democratic peace thesis states the following: 1) Democratic states rarely fight each other. 2) Democratic countries tend to be more open to international trade than non-democratic ones, which creates interdependencies that prevent war from breaking out between them.3) Democracies tend to be more

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25

Drzymała, Agnieszka. "European Union Foreign Direct Investment Outflows to ASEAN Countries." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 16, no. 1 (2013): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2013-0001.

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The paper analyses foreign direct investment outflows from the European Union to the ASEAN countries. The region of Southeast Asia is very important for the EU in terms of economic cooperation. Previous relations between the European Union and ASEAN countries laid the foundations and became the basis for subsequent business initiatives, first encompassing trade and later investment initiatives. Today the liberalisation of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows is taking place, which has a positive impact on the increase in exports of ASEAN countries and in turn affects the economic development

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26

Izmailov, Oleksandr I. "The Current State of Trade and Economic Relations Between Ukraine and the European Union and the Impact of Military Hostilities on It." Business Inform 9, no. 560 (2024): 19–27. https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2024-9-19-27.

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The aim of the article is to study and analyze the current state of foreign economic activity of enterprises and determine the impact of the ongoing full-scale aggression on trade and economic relations between Ukraine and the countries of the European Union. Analysis, systematization and generalization of statistical data and the work of many scientists are carried out; the changes that have befallen the foreign economic structure of exports and imports of goods between Ukraine and the countries of the European Union are considered. The impact of military hostilities on the volume of producti

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27

Slyusarenko, Kateryna, Irina Maksymova, and Anastasiia Beskrovna. "INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF UKRAINE AND THE EU." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 30, no. 5 (2018): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3007.

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Foreign trade relations between Ukraine and the EU are developing under the terms of the Association Agreement coming into force. The article presents both positive and negative sides. The dynamics of foreign trade between Ukraine and the EU countries is analyzed, Ukraine's export and import structure is represented, as well as the proposed priorities of the development of foreign economic relations between Ukraine and the European Union

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28

Levandivskyi, O. T., R. I. Shchur, V. V. Matskiv, and I. V. Kokhan. "FINANCIAL FLOWS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS (UKRAINE – EU)." Market economy: modern management theory and practice 22, no. 1(53) (2023): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2413-9998.2023.1(53).288353.

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The article is devoted to the international trade and economic relations of Ukraine with the countries of the world. Considerable attention is paid to relations between Ukraine and the European Union (EU). Ukraine considers the way to EU membership. Attention is drawn to the European integration progress of our country, which is a natural consequence of Ukraine's independence. The most acceptable ways for regulation of relations in the area of international business activity are considered. The main goal of Ukraine is to create conditions for joining the community of developed European countri

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29

Malakhova, T. S. "Developing a philosophy of foreign economic relations between the European region countries: The theoretical and methodological aspect." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 18, no. 9 (2020): 1618–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.18.9.1618.

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Subject. This article considers the foreign economic relations between the member States of the European Union and the industry structure differences in their national economies. Objectives. The article aims to develop principles and approaches to the advancement of foreign economic relations between the European Region countries based on the research of Swedish economist G. Myrdal. Methods. For the study, I used historical, logical, and dialectical approaches, and a scientific abstraction method. Results. Based on the concept of international economic integration proposed by G. Myrdal, the ar

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Drzymała, Agnieszka. "Economic Cooperation Between The European Union And Japan." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 20, no. 2 (2017): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2017-0016.

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The aim of the paper is to show the history of economic relations between the European Union and Japan. This economy is very important to the EU and the countries of the EU are interested in further deepening areas of cooperation. Therefore it seems important to indicate the political will to continue mutual economic relations through the signing of contracts and bilateral agreements, as well as meetings at various levels, including SPA and EPA negotiations and summits. The course of the current economic cooperation will be shown through trade volume and foreign direct investment outflows from

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Ishchuk, Yu A., K. V. Barchuk, and D. O. Oryshko. "Specifics of customs relations of Ukraine with european trading partners." Economic Bulletin of Dnipro University of Technology 82 (September 2023): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/ebdut/83.057.

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Methods. The results of the study are obtained by applying the methods of synthesis and generalisation to study the legislative and practical aspects of customs cooperation, as well as to highlight the prospects for cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union in the field of trade. In order to scientifically address the identified issues, the author also used the methods of analysis and comparison to study the dynamics of Ukraine’s foreign trade in goods with certain EU countries; and the abstract and logical method to formulate conclusions. Results. The study analyses Ukraine's foreign

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Malakhova, T. S. "Ensuring sustainable foreign economic relations of countries at the forefront and outskirts of the European Union." National Interests: Priorities and Security 16, no. 10 (2020): 1980–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.10.1980.

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Subject. Foreign economic and trade ties among countries are getting tighter and less predictable in the early 21st century. This directly stems from a growing disparity of partners, especially if it goes about their future cooperation as part of integration groups or international organizations. Communities of experts suggest using various approaches to locally adjusting integration phases, especially implementing the two-speed integration in the European Union. Objectives. The study is an attempt to examine an improvement of foreign economic cooperation and suggest its implementation steps f

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Малахова, Т. С. "Foreign trade relations of the countries of the Visegrád group and especially the forms of their cooperation." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 8(121) (July 26, 2020): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.121.8.056.

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В статье анализируются показатели внешней торговли стран Вишеградской группы, выявляются проблемы и противоречия их внешнеэкономических отношений. Особое внимание уделяется внешнеторговым связям стран СНГ со странами Вишеградской группы. Сделан вывод, что указанные группы стран заинтересованы в дальнейшем внешнеэкономическом и внешнеторговом сотрудничестве на средне-и долгосрочную перспективу. Кроме того отмечается, что страны Вишеградской группы стали более активно взаимодействовать после первой волны глобального экономического кризиса (2008-2011 гг.), миграционного кризиса и внутренних проти

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KHAIETSKA, OLHA. "ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF UKRAINE’S FOREIGN TRADE WITH EU COUNTRIES." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 4(58) (December 24, 2021): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2021-4-9.

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The article analyzes the peculiarities of Ukraine’s foreign trade with other countries, including the EU countries. The development of foreign trade is important for the analysis of the economic situation of the country, reflects the attitude of the world’s countries to domestic production. The trajectory of foreign trade development is determined. It forms reserves for increasing the level of international trade relations and increases the competitiveness of Ukrainian production. The dynamics of changes in the geographical and commodity structure of international trade in goods and services d

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Al-Jaberi, Prof Dr Sattar Jabbar. "Iraq and the European Union towards a Strategic Partnership." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 220, no. 2 (2018): 95–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v220i2.487.

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The Iraq's relations with the European Union countries of the oldest and surest Iraq's foreign relations, in spite of the damage to those relationships during certain time periods, and sometimes degradation several considerations, they quickly return to normal, the importance of Iraq's strategy for European countries on the one hand, and interest in Iraq, the European its relations On the other hand . The EU played an important role in Iraq in the era after 2003, through important political relations with the Iraqi government, and try to achieve a real partnership in the political, econo

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Valeeva, R. A. "Development of Сooperation Between Kyrgyzstan and the European Union at the Present Stage". Post-Soviet Issues 6, № 3 (2019): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2019-6-3-288-296.

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After the collapse of the USSR, the West received favorable conditions for promoting its geopolitical interests. Accordingly, the European Union began to establish relations with the countries of Central Asia. The EU policy in Central Asia in the early 90s of the twentieth century is characterized by the fact that Brussels concentrated its efforts on the allocation of economic assistance, the promotion of democracy and market relations. The EU policy in the Central Asian republics was based on cooperation and partnership Agreements signed with the leadership of the countries of the region. The

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Karnups, Viesturs Pauls. "Latvia-South Africa Economic Relations 1918–1940." Journal of Economics and Management Research 9 (2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/jemr.9.03.

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The Republic of South Africa was the first country on the continent of Africa to recognise the renewed independence of the Republic of Latvia on 29 August 1991. This paper provides an overview of Latvian-South African economic relations in the interwar period. In the interwar period Latvian and South African economic relations were mainly confined to foreign trade. Latvia’s foreign trade in relation to South Africa (then known as the Union of South Africa) was more or less regulated by Latvia’s 1923 treaty with Great Britain. Latvia’s main imports from South Africa in the interwar period were

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Mołdowan, Aleksy. "Zagraniczna polityka gospodarcza UE w obliczu nowych wyzwań: modele, cele i interesy." Przegląd europejski 2 (November 19, 2019): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5820.

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The article presents the outcomes of the research concerned the issue of the European Union’s foreign economic policy, as well as its models and instruments. The EU applies various approaches in relations with third countries, that is determined by differences in aims it intends to achieve in every specific case. The EU acquis constitutes only general framework of the European Union’s foreign economic policy, that results in disorderliness and incoherence of European Union in relations with third countries. The Author identified key determinants, that actually shape current models of the Europ

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Naryshkin, Andrey. "European Union – Geopolitical Rival or Key Partner of Russia?" Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 22, no. 4 (2021): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran4202196104.

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European countries have traditionally been Russia’s key economic partners. Mutual interest is based on geographical proximity, historical ties and also by the complementarity markets. Mutual sanctions spread over recent years has called into question Russia – European Union partnership and cooperation established by Agreement in 1994. This article reviews the current status of Russia – EU and its member states relations. Also the article contains analysis of mutual trade, economic and investment cooperation, economic and diplomatic ties of partners during periods of mutual rapprochement (befor

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Anlamassova, M. K., R. T. Japparova, and A. Zh Mukazhanova. "Soft power of European Union countries." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 145, no. 4 (2023): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2023-145-4-8-18.

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There are two main diplomatic strategies used by states in International Relations: hard power and soft power. Hard power uses the tools of military force or other coercive strategies to achieve the desired result. Soft power, on the other hand, tries to achieve the desired result with persuasive tactics. In short, hard power uses force, while soft power uses charm and attractiveness or makes the other party do what you want.These days, political scientists and other experts have begun to emphasize the increasing effectiveness of using a combination of hard and soft power, or smart power. In I

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Николаев, С. В., and С. Ю. Муртузалиева. "Historical foundations of economic diplomacy and foreign economic relations between Finland and Russia." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 6(131) (August 9, 2021): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.131.6.045.

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На современное развитие российско-финляндских внешнеэкономических отношений оказывает влияние множество факторов. Среди них санкции и политическое охлаждение отношений с Европейским Союзом, ограничения в связи с короновирусной пандемией, глобальная рецессия мировой экономики. В данной статье рассмотрены факторы и исторические особенности отношений стран. The modern development of Russian-Finnish foreign economic relations is influenced by many factors. Among them are sanctions and a political cooling of relations with the European Union, restrictions due to the coronavirus pandemic, and a glob

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LEVANDIVSKYI, Omelian, and Mykhailo IVASYSHYN. "FINANCIAL BENEFIT IN TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE EU." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 314, no. 1 (2023): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2023-314-1-36.

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The relevance of the research topic is accompanied by the importance of generalization and scientific substantiation of certain aspects of the functioning of trade and economic relations between Ukraine and the European Union, the place of the state in modern global processes with the aim of drawing lessons and outlining further tasks of state building and highlighting problematic issues and features of the country’s current state. The article describes the stages of the formation of relations between Ukraine and the European Union, examines the state, problems and prospects of the implementat

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Rokicki, Tomasz. "FOREIGN TRADE IN LAMB MEAT BETWEEN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 3 (2019): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3514.

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The main purpose of the paper was to present foreign trade in lamb meat concerning exchanges between the countries of the European Union. In a targeted manner, all EU member states were selected for research as of 31/12/2018 (28 countries). The research period concerned the years 2005-2018. The sources of materials were literature and Eurostat data. For analysis and presentation of materials, descriptive, tabular and graphical methods, dynamics indicators based on a constant and variable basis, the Gini concentration coefficient, Lorenz curve concentration analysis and Pearson’s linear correla

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Maruniak, Eu O., V. Y. Lazhnik, and S. О. Puhach. "SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF COMMODITY TRADE BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE EU." Ukrainian geographical journal 2023, no. 2 (2023): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ugz2023.02.013.

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At the current stage of the socio-economic development of Ukraine in the conditions of Russian aggression, the topical issue is the expansion of foreign economic relations with EU member countries. The purpose of the study is a spatial analysis of the features of regional differentiation of Ukraine’s commodity trade with the countries of the European Union in the context of expanding trade and economic relations after signing the Agreement on a free trade zone with the EU and granting Ukraine the status of a candidate for EU membership. Such research methods as structural and spatial analysis,

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Khomutenko, L., and O. Ieremenko. "MULTICULTURALISM AS A DERIVATIVE PHENOMENON OF LABOR MIGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 1 (2019): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2019.1-9.

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The article explores the essence of multiculturalism and its place in the politics of the European Union. This article looks at aspects of the impact of migration flows on countries of the world and world politics. It reveals the scope and main directions of international labor migration. The purpose of the article is to investigate the economic indicators of the countries most affected by irregular migration flows and to develop practical recommendations for improving the mechanisms of employment in international relations. Analyzing and summarizing the results of scientific works and researc

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Sattarov, Ravshan Alimovich. "INTERREGIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC COOPERATION ANALYSIS CASES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES." SCHOLAR 1, no. 26 (2023): 113–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8397802.

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<em>This </em><em>article analysis </em><em>the</em><em> methodological aspects and main issues </em><em>of interregional cooperation </em><em>of </em><em>the Fergana valley</em><em> regions of Uzbekistan. </em><em>The</em> <em>level of </em> <em>socio-economic interdependence, innovation, the natural</em><em>, </em><em>economic potential</em><em>s</em><em> of the regions</em><em>, </em><em>the advantages of competitiveness</em><em> as well as interregional relations of Russian Federation, United States of America, People`s Republic of China and European Union.  </em>

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Malakhova, T. S. "TRANSFORMATION OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF THE CENTER AND THE PERIPHERY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2018-2-58-72.

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In modern conditions, the external economic relations between countries of the vanguard and periphery are becoming increasingly controversial and ambiguous. Undoubtedly, the problem of inequality between the mentioned groups of countries has been always acute, and many schools of economics have been working on a solution of this question. This problem has escalated after the first wave of the global economic crisis (2008–2009). Despite everything, countries of the vanguard continue to promote principles of the neoliberal model through international organizations and financial institutions, whi

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Czermińska, Małgorzata. "Switzerland-EU Relations – between economic integration and bilateralism." Central European Review of Economics & Finance 44, no. 3 (2023): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2023.012.

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Switzerland’s foreign policy priorities include, among other things, relations not only with neighbouring countries, but also with the EU. Being a country which is located in the heart of Europe, Switzerland considers the relations with the European Union (EU) and its Member States to be of special importance. The paper aims to present mutual relations between Switzerland and the European Union over the past years, demonstrate benefits and threats arising from Switzerland’s decision to choose, as the only one of all third countries, a path of “bilateral agreements”, as well as describe possibl

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Ćurčić, Mihailo, Radan Kostić, and Ivica Matejić. "Foreign trade of Serbia and Africa." Odrzivi razvoj 3, no. 2 (2021): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/odrraz2102007c.

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When it comes to defining the foreign trade relations between Africa and the Republic of Serbia, it should be pointed out that our country achieves the least international trade cooperation with the countries of this continent. According to the data of the Parliamentary Budget Office (2018), Serbian foreign trade is mostly focused on Europe, given that as much as 93% of total exports were directed to European countries, and 80% of imports of goods from Europe. The exchange with African countries is almost negligible: on both the import and import side, Africa took part in less than 1% of the t

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Kreutz, Joakim. "Human Rights, Geostrategy, and EU Foreign Policy, 1989–2008." International Organization 69, no. 1 (2014): 195–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818314000368.

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AbstractIs foreign policy influenced by humanitarian concerns, or are concepts such as human security merely rhetoric for traditional power politics? Using a multilevel modeling technique and a unique data set of military and economic European Union (EU) intervention 1989–2008, I find that military and economic interventions by the EU are conducted in response to humanitarian atrocities but that geostrategic concerns also influence EU action. While the EU consistently is more likely to act against countries with greater civilian victimization, the size of the effect is influenced by spatial co

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