Journal articles: 'European Union environmental law'

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Fazil Mammadova, Nigar. "ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINAL LAW IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." SCIENTIFIC WORK 52, no. 03 (February 28, 2020): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/aem/2007-2020/52/100-103.

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Usui, Yoichiro. "Evolving Environmental Norms in the European Union." European Law Journal 9, no. 1 (February 2003): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0386.00170.

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López Espadafor, Carlos María. "Environmental taxation and the need for tax limits in the EU legal system = Fiscalidad ambiental y la necesidad de límites tributarios en el ordenamiento jurídico de la UE." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 10, no. 2 (October 5, 2018): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2018.4386.

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Abstract: In spite of the fact that almost all the European Union member States have similar principles of tax justice, there is not an express specification about them in the Primary Law of the Union. The institutions of the European Union have some tax competences given by their member States, specially highlighting fiscal harmonization of certain state taxes. The tax harmonization directives, despite this lack of express specification, cannot forget these principles of tax justice. The argument of the environmental taxation of hydrocarbons has been used to increase the fiscal pressure over the gasoline until a point where its legitimacy should be discussed, not only from the constitutional point of view, but also from the European Union Treaties. Individual States are not the only ones responsible for this situation but also European Union institutions are, since the tax on mineral oils has been harmonized by European Union directives.Keywords: environmental taxation, European Union, limits.Resumen: A pesar del hecho de que en la mayoría de los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea existen unos principios de justicia tributaria similares, no existe una especificación expresa de éstos en el Derecho Originario de la Unión. Las instituciones de ésta tienen determinadas competencias en materia tributaria atribuidas por sus Estados miembros, especialmente en relación a la armonización fiscal de ciertos impuestos estatales. Las directivas de armonización fiscal, a pesar de esta falta de especificación expresa, no pueden olvidar estos principios de justicia tributaria. El argumento de la fiscalidad ambiental de los hidrocarburos ha sido utilizado para incrementar la presión fiscal sobre los carburantes hasta un nivel con respecto al cual sería discutible su legitimidad, no sólo desde el punto de vista constitucional, sino también desde la perspectiva de los Tratados de la Unión Europea. Los Estados individualmente considerados no son los únicos responsables de esta situación, sino que también lo son las instituciones de la Unión Europea, desde el momento en que la imposición sobre hidrocarburos se encuentra armonizada conforme a directivas de la Unión.Palabras clave: fiscalidad ambiental, Unión Europea, límites.

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Kye, Cecelia. "ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND THE CONSUMER IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Journal of Environmental Law 7, no. 1 (1995): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/7.1.31.

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Koch, Hans-Joachim, and Christin Mielke. "Globalisation of Environmental Law." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 8, no. 3 (2011): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601011x590867.

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AbstractExigent global environmental threats require concerted global answers and impose great challenges to the international community. Since the 1972 Stockholm UN-Conference, a dynamic and creative development of international environmental law has brought about many important achievements. However, major shortcomings remain to be tackled, and a further globalization of the environmental law with massive impacts on the European and national legal orders is imperative. The European Union can play a leading role in the swift and effective implementation of international law. Today, many EU environmental acts are, in fact, already implementing international stipulations. For an effective future development of international environmental law, a special UN environmental organization appears urgently needed.

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Esposito, Fabrizio, and Lucila de Almeida. "European Union Litigation." European Review of Contract Law 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2021-2028.

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Abstract This article provides an overview of cases decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning contract law. The present issue covers the period between the beginning of January 2021 and the end of May 2021.

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Bayliss, Duncan, and Gordon Walker. "Environmental monitoring in the European Union." European Environment 4, no. 1 (July 6, 2007): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eet.3320040106.

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Syngellakis, Anna. "Enforcement of European union environmental legislation." European Environment 5, no. 5 (September 1995): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eet.3320050502.

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Hinteregger, Monika. "Transboundary Environmental Damage and the Law of the European Union." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 105 (2011): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/procannmeetasil.105.0433.

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Julesz, Máté. "Environmental Criminal Law in France, Hungary and the European Union." Társadalomkutatás 30, no. 3 (September 2012): 276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/tarskut.30.2012.3.5.

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Sadeleer, Nicolas de. "Enforcing EUCHR Principles and Fundamental Rights in Environmental Cases." Nordic Journal of International Law 81, no. 1 (2012): 39–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181011x618758.

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So far, EU treaty law does not encapsulate any individually justiciable rights to a clean environment or to health. The article explores whether individuals can rely on the environmental duties embodied in the European Union Charter of Human Rights (EUCHR), and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in cases falling within the scope of EU environmental law. Moreover, it takes a close examination of the case law of both the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights regarding the standing of individuals whose environment is impaired.

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Zeitler, Helge Elisabeth. "Strengthening Environmental Protection through European Criminal Law." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 4, no. 3 (2007): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601007x00217.

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AbstractEnvironmental crime has been a topic discussed in international fora for many years. In February 2007, the European Commission presented a proposal for a Directive on Environmental Crime. This is not the first legislative instrument in the area at the level of the European Union. But for reasons that go far beyond the environmental content of this proposal, its discussion in the Council, which was taken up in March 2007 under the German Presidency, will be most controversial and of particular interest not only to environmental lawyers.' The following article aims at providing some background on the fight against environmental crime at the international and European level by giving an overview over the content of the draft directive (I) with a focus on particularly controversial aspects (II) and finally looking at the institutional setting in which discussion of the proposal will take place in the Council and in the European Parliament (III).

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Freestone, David. "Canada/European Union." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 10, no. 3 (1995): 397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180895x00150.

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Atila, Dudas. "Principles of environmental policy in the law of the European Union." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 47, no. 3 (2013): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns47-4598.

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Bugarski, Tatjana, Bojan Tubić, and Milana Pisarić. "The infringement procedure regarding law on environmental protection of European Union." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 51, no. 3-2 (2017): 735–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns51-15147.

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McManus, Francis. "Book Review: Criminal Enforcement of Environmental Law in the European Union." Environmental Law Review 9, no. 2 (June 2007): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/enlr.2007.9.2.164.

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Poncelet, Charles. "Free Movement of Goods and Environmental Protection in EU Law: A Troubled Relationship?" International Community Law Review 15, no. 2 (2013): 171–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341249.

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Abstract This article examines the relationship between the principle of free movement of goods and the protection of the environment under the umbrella of European Union (EU) law. It will be discussed whether Member States are suitably provided with legal means which enable them to take due account of environmental circumstances when they take measures which have an impact on the circulation of goods within the internal market. To this end, the relevant provisions of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) will be critically analysed in the light of their interpretation by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) over the last decades. Particular emphasis will be given to a recent decision of the CJEU which has shed new light on this subject.

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GIBSON, JOHN. "Integrated Coastal Zone Management Law in the European Union." Coastal Management 31, no. 2 (April 2003): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08920750390168345.

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Natalie, Miranda, Sherene Patricia, Sherene Patricia, Erlyn Silveria, Ellya Dameria, Tiolas Sitanggang, and Valerie Michelle. "THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE PARIS AGREEMENT." Sociae Polites 21, no. 1 (August 8, 2020): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/sp.v21i1.1588.

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The Paris Agreement has undoubtedly impacted on other more personal environmental policies in each country worldwide. We are trying to explain the dynamics (changes and debates) that occur in the policy-making process by the actors and stakeholders in the Paris Agreement. For instance, with the Trump dismantling policy to leave the Paris Agreement that we called the free-riding strategy that affects not only the members within the Paris Agreement but also the environmental sector globally. We also contemplate the alternatives way to solve the environmental problem through the Paris Agreement, and a solution to the problem occurs within the members by considering the consequences under international law Keywords: Paris Agreement, Environmental Issue, European Union, President Trump

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LÓPEZ ESPADAFOR, CARLOS MARÍA. "EXTRA-TAXATION AND PROPERTY RIGHT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION LAW." Age of Human Rights Journal, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.n12.5.

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Indirect taxes are the essence -and the main priority- of tax harmonization in the European Union. The vast majority of EU tax harmonization directives refer to this type of taxation. At the same time, indirect taxes constitute the field in which the principles of tax justice are less defined, either regarding EU Member States, or the institutions of the European Union. This is an issue about which no explicit reference has been found within the EU original or primary law; we don’t find it in the Treaty of the European Union or in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The materialization of the fundamental rights in the area of community taxation will be of crucial importance for the concretion of these principles, especially in relation to the property right. Thus, within the fiscal harmonization of indirect taxation, the extra-fiscal perspective and, particularly within it, the environmental issues, are of especial relevance. We should bear in mind that excise duties represent an essential field within tax harmonization and within them, taxation of energy and energy products is paramount. These products, due to their highly pollutant nature, have an environmental transcendence that needs to be taken into consideration.

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Bugarski, Tatjana, Bojan Tubić, and Milana Pisarić. "The infringement procedure regarding law on environmental protection of European Union II." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 52, no. 3 (2018): 535–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns52-19066.

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22

Richardson, Benjamin J. "Book Review: European Union Environmental Law: An Introduction to Key Selected Issues." Environmental Law Review 7, no. 2 (June 2005): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146145290500700208.

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Buekens, A. "Book Review. European Union Environmental Law. An Introduction to Key Selected Issues." International Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 4 (2005): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsd.2005.009653.

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Zivkovic, Tatjana. "10.5937/pravzap0-6046 = Harmonization of national environmental regulations with European Union law." Pravni zapisi 5, no. 1 (2014): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pravzap0-6046.

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25

Lee, Maria. "Environmental Pasts and Futures: The European Union and the ‘British Way’." Journal of Environmental Law 31, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqz026.

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GARCÍA LUPIOLA, Asier. "Europako Ingurumen Zuzenbidearen oinarrien eta printzipioen eboluzioa eta egungo egoera: Tratatuak, Ekintza Programak eta Estrategiak." Revista Vasca de Administración Pública / Herri-Arduralaritzarako Euskal Aldizkaria, no. 108 (August 30, 2017): 355–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.108.2017.11.

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LABURPENA: Ingurumen Zuzenbidearen eremuan, Europar Batasun osoaren oinarrizko araudia Europako Jatorrizko Zuzenbidean ezarritakoaren arabera dago zehaztuta, garatu beharreko helburuek eta printzipioek ezartzen dituzten tresnekin batera, Europako ingurumen sistema juridikoaren gailurra osatuz, ordenamendu nazionalen gainetik lehentasuna izatean. Lan honek ingurumen gaietan indarrean dagoen Europako araudiaren oinarrien garapena eta eboluzioa aztertzen ditu. Horretarako, Tratatuak, ekintza programak, eta estrategia nagusiak aztertu dira, ingurumenaren arloan hartutako aurrenetako erabakietatik gaurdaino. RESUMEN: En el ámbito del Derecho ambiental, la normativa básica en el conjunto de la Unión Europea viene determinada por lo establecido en el Derecho Originario europeo, que junto a los instrumentos que establecen los objetivos y principios a desarrollar, forman la cúspide del sistema jurídico ambiental europeo, al primar sobre los ordenamientos nacionales. El presente trabajo analiza el desarrollo y la evolución de los fundamentos de la normativa europea vigente en lo que respecta al medio ambiente. Para ello, se estudian los Tratados, los programas de acción, y las estrategias principales desde las primeras decisiones en materia medioambiental hasta la actualidad. ABSTRACT: In the area of environmental law, the basic legislation in the European Union is determined by the European Origin Law, which conforms the apex of the European environmental legal system, together with the instruments establishing the objectives and principles to be developed, and it is situated above national regulations. This paper analyzes the development and evolution of the fundamentals of the current European legislation on the environment. To this end, the Treaties, the action programs, and the main strategies are studied from the first environmental decisions to the present.

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van Calster, Geert. "An Overview of Regulatory Innovation in the European Union." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 11 (2009): 289–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000001610.

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Abstract This chapter reviews the regulatory innovation process in the European Union, with a focus on the environmental sector. It examines the EU documents on regulation and, in particular, the ‘eight pillars of European governance’ listed by the European Commission in its follow-up to the 2001 White Paper on European Governance, as a useful means of categorising the practical consequences which the European Union attaches to the different implications of the governance debate in the EU. It goes on to summarise the initiatives on regulatory innovation as kick-started by the White Paper on Governance, and to map the current state of each of these initiatives. It concludes that no fundamental reform is required, but rather only a slim number of targeted remedies; the only real solution to the regulatory fog is acceptance and deregulation.

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Laike, Yang, and Liao Chun. "China-European Union Trade and Global Warming." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 1, no. 1 (January 2010): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsesd.2010010104.

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The globalization of trade has numerous environmental implications. Trade results from a geographic separation of consumption and production. This creates a mechanism for consumers to shift environmental pollution to other countries. China is now the world third biggest trader and the second biggest trade partner of EU. China has also overtaken the U.S. as the world biggest CO2 emitter since 2005. As China’s biggest trade partner, EU has a large trade deficit with China, but on the other hand, CO2 emissions embodied in Sino-EU trade are much more unbalanced than the trade imbalance itself. EU avoided a huge amount of CO2 emissions through trading with China. This lowers CO2 emissions in the EU and facilitates EU meeting its CO2 emission reduction targets, but it creates additional environmental burdens for China. In this paper, the dual imbalances between China and the EU, its mechanism, and policy implications will be presented.

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Sääksjärvi, Sanna C. "Positioning the Nordic Countries in European Union Environmental Policy." Journal of Environment & Development 29, no. 4 (June 23, 2020): 393–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496520933324.

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The influence of the Nordic countries on the European Union’s (EU's) policy processes has been researched from various angles, but there is a lack of research that comprehensively examines all policy positions advanced by Nordic actors within a given policy context. This article introduces a new design for studying policy positions and influence in the EU and examines the phenomenon from a multilevel perspective using an original data set compiled in connection to three directives: the Floods Directive on the assessment and management of flood risks, the Environmental Liability Directive, and the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive. The analysis reveals that the Nordic countries follow a certain pattern of influencing EU policy that deviates from other states participating in the consultations. Nordic governmental actors exert a strong technical but weak directional influence in the chosen context but are, overall, more successful than Nordic organizational actors at influencing the policy process.

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Dudek, Carolyn M. "Transmitting Environmentalism? The Unintended Global Consequences of European Union Environmental Policies." Global Environmental Politics 13, no. 2 (May 2013): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00169.

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Will European companies investing abroad be transmitters of EU environmental policies or environmental dumpers? This article utilizes a most-differentcases approach to analyze transnational corporation (TNC) behavior in countries with less stringent environmental standards. Drawing on rational institutionalism, the article examines two significant European business investments in Mercosur countries: paper pulp mills in Uruguay and fishing off the coast of Argentina. These cases demonstrate that EU environmental standards will be diffused beyond Europe's borders if significant fixed assets are involved, high levels of public awareness and action in response to environmental degradation are possible, and if the environmental policy of an industry is successfully implemented in Europe. Paper pulp milling in Uruguay fulfilled these conditions and TNCs, in this case applied EU standards. This was not so with TNC fishing practices in Argentina. Also, with high citizen attention, local companies will adopt similar environmental practices to those of their European counterparts, improving environmental practices even without domestic government regulations.

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Vanheusden, Bernard. "The Relevance of Environmental Justice for the Legal Framework in the European Union." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 7, no. 2 (2010): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/161372710x525073.

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AbstractEnvironmental justice is a relatively new and unknown notion in European environmental law. The notion originally comes from the US. Environmental justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people. The protection of environmental justice plays a prominent role in the US environmental policy. This contribution examines, after a brief history of environmental justice, the relevance of environmental justice for the legal framework in the EU. It includes the results of an empirical research and a test of the EU legal framework. It concludes that environmental justice is not yet something that goes without saying within the EU.

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Brown, M. Leann. "Scientific Uncertainty and Learning in European Union Environmental Policymaking." Policy Studies Journal 28, no. 3 (August 2000): 576–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2000.tb02049.x.

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Revesz, Richard L. "Federalism and Environmental Regulation: Lessons for the European Union and the International Community." Virginia Law Review 83, no. 7 (October 1997): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1073760.

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Sobotta, Christoph. "Compliance with European Environmental Law—Deficiencies and Approaches: The Role of the Court of Justice of the European Union." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 9, no. 1 (2012): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601012x632274.

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The article discusses the contribution of the ECJ to the reduction of compliance deficiencies with regard to European environmental law. The Court is not a specialised environmental court but the supreme court of the European multilevel legal system. Therefore its contribution is primarily characterised by a concern for effective and uniform application of EU law in general while specific environmental considerations do not figure as prominently.

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Moreno Lax, Violeta. "Current Legal Developments European Union." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 25, no. 4 (2010): 621–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180810x532081.

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Sturm, Jürgen. "European Water Framework Directive and Its Impact on Water Transport in the European Union." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1909, no. 1 (January 2005): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190900111.

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As a result of the July 1999 European Summit held in Gothenburg, Sweden, all European Union policy areas are subject to the guiding principle of sustainable development. Within this context, the European Commission published a white paper on transport policy to 2010, focusing on the need to foster more environmentally and socially sustainable means of transport to achieve a modal shift away from road transport. The white paper mentions inland navigation as a mode with great potential to contribute to a shift toward more sustainable modes than roads and recognizes that among other measures, infrastructural improvements must be realized on the European waterways. However, European environmental legislation, namely, the Water Framework Directive (WFD), is likely to challenge the strategy of necessary improvements on European waterways. The target conflict arising from environmental legislation that is capable of contradicting efforts to ensure sustainability in the transport sector is examined. Within this context, several aspects of WFD are described: development; the current implementation status in the national law of European Union member states and the potential consequences for waterway infrastructure, dredging, and navigability; and the general role of inland navigation in a competitive transport market. Possible instruments foreseen in the WFD to balance the interests of environmental concerns and those of the navigation sector are also addressed.

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McMahon, Joe, and Joanne Scott. "III. Law and Environmental Governance in the EU." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 51, no. 4 (October 2002): 996–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/51.4.996.

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In December 1999, in Helsinki, the European Council requested the Commission ‘to prepare a proposal for a long-term strategy dovetailing policies for economically, socially and ecologically sustainable development’. The Commission presented this proposal to the Gothenburg European Council in June 2001,1 resulting in the launch of the European Union's strategy for sustainable development.2 In keeping with the resolution that the annual spring European Council take on board responsibility for reviewing progress in developing and implementing the sustainable development strategy, and for offering further policy guidance to promote sustainable development, the Barcelona Presidency conclusions place emphasis upon the internal and external aspects of sustainable development, including the environmental dimension thereof.3 Looking at these documents,4 it is readily apparent that the political profile of sustainable development has been raised over the last year, with the European Council coming to play an important leadership function. Looking more closely at these, and other core documents, it is clear that the theme of environmental governance is very much to the fore, and that a number of strands emerge as crucial to European Union thinking in this respect. This short survey note will highlight a number of these strands, examining them within the framework of more general developments concerning ‘governance’ in the EU, and in particular in the light of the Commission's White Paper on governance issued in the summer of 2001.5 Four broad, and often overlapping, dimensions will be discussed in turn: integration, monitoring/evaluation, participation, and instruments for environmental protection.

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Kęskiewicz, Anna. "IMPACT OF THE ROLE OF THE JURISPRUDENCE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COURT OF JUSTICE IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0004.

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The use of dogmatic-legal, empirical and linguistic semantics methodology is focused on sharing for better understanding of the law. Therefore, views on European jurisprudence have been presented in the paper. Without a doubt, the law-making nature of European Union law takes into account the field of environmental protection. Articles in law define the tasks that are important from the point of view of European legislation. The written nature of these determinants of the reasoning of the possibilities of environmental protection plays an important role in the interpretation of environmental law.

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Tayar, Violetta. "European Union and Latin America: Sustainable Development and Environmental Effects." IBEROAMERICA, no. 3 (2020): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37656/s20768400-2020-3-04.

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Haigh, N. "European Union Environmental Policy at 25: Retrospect and Prospect." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 17, no. 1 (February 1999): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c170109.

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Sadeleer, Nicolas de. "Principle of Subsidiarity and the EU Environmental Policy." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 9, no. 1 (2012): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601012x632256.

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The principle of subsidiarity is a fundamental principle of the European Union. It has first been introduced in the field of environmental policy by the Single European Act in 1987 and extended to all fields of shared competencies by the Maastricht treaty in 1992. Since then much has been done to operationalize the principle, and subsidiarity has received increasing attention by the Union’s institutions and Member States. The following contribution provides a brief appraisal of the role of the principle and of how it has influenced environmental legislation, so far.

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Perga, Tetiana. "Wilderness in the Environmental Policy of the European Union." European Historical Studies, no. 13 (2019): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2019.13.51-66.

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The article explores the reasons, directions and stages of the wildlife conservation activities which is an important direction of European environmental policy. Author examines the essence of the concept “wilderness” which is used in the official documents of the European Union and EU member states. It has concluded that wilderness is understood as a territory regulated by natural processes, consisting of natural habitats and species, sufficient for the effective ecological functioning of natural processes; it is unchanged or slightly modified and does not undergo changes from the side people, settlements, and infrastructure; its landscape has not undergone any visual changes. The policy of the EU member states concerning the formation of the relevant legislation and practical steps for the creation of protected areas of wildlife are analyzed. It was found that unlike the USA, where in the late nineteenth century the protection of wildlife has stimulated the development of environmental policy, in European Union activities in this area began to develop in the last third of the twentieth century. It was seen as one of the directions of biodiversity conservation within the framework of the regional environmental protection policy. The author concluded that the peculiarity of the European wildlife protection model is the formation of strategic guidelines and development them by the member states in accordance with their national specifics. This leads to a variety of approaches to activities in this the protection of the wildlife. The main disadvantages of the Ukrainian legislation on wildlife conservation as well as problems for its development are revealed. The article state that at the moment, Ukraine has done the first step in the wildlife protection – in 2017, the Law on the protection of virgin forests was adopted. It is concluded that Ukraine’s move to European integration requires not only the adaptation of the national environmental legislation to EU legal norms but also the development of wildlife conservation activities as an important direction of environmental policy.

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Varner, Carson H., and Katrin C. Varner. "Sustainable Agriculture The United States versus the European Union." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 1, no. 4 (October 2010): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsesd.2010100103.

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This paper examines developing issues and attitudes that unite and divide the United States and the European Union as the discussion and regulation of agriculture evolves. While some terms, such as “organic,” are defined in law in both the United States and European Union, the increasingly used “sustainability” is an evolving concept. The main sustainability issue is how to provide food and fiber for a rapidly growing world population. In this context, the role of biotechnology is questioned. Americans tend to favor what are sometimes called genetically modified crops, while Europeans remain cautious. Europeans lean more toward organic farming, while Americans assert that much of the world will starve if organic methods are required. This paper reviews the directions that the discussion of these issues is taking and will show areas of agreement and where the two sides diverge.

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Layard, A. "Deterrence, Insurability, and Compensation in Environmental Liability: Future Developments in the European Union." Journal of Environmental Law 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/16.2.304.

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De Santo, Elizabeth M. "Environmental justice implications of Maritime Spatial Planning in the European Union." Marine Policy 35, no. 1 (January 2011): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2010.07.005.

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Smedt, Kristel De. "Is Harmonization of Environmental Liability Rules needed in an Enlarged European Union?" Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 13, no. 2 (July 2004): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.2004.00394.x.

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Pushkareva,, E. F., and V. A. Mityushkin. "Certain International Legal Issues of Energy Policy of the European Union." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 1 (July 25, 2020): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2020-1-103-122.

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INTRODUCTION. One of the main tasks facing states in the context of growing world population is to satisfy the growing need to provide stable, cheap and environmentally safe energy. These issues can be addressed both through legal regulation and through the introduction of new technologies, including the gradual transition to renewable energy sources. Th European Union can be considered an undisputed leader in this field, which has carried out a major transformation of its internal energy market over the past two decades, resulting in a revision of traditional mechanisms of its functioning. However, the new legal order has led to new challenges, including those of an international nature, which must be addressed exclusively within the framework of international law. In this regard, this article analyzes current legal issues related to functioning of the EU energy market and their relationship with international law, including obligations arising from the WTO agreements, the UNCLOS as well as environmental treaties. In particular, special attention is given to the analysis of the main gas-related provisions of the Third Energy Package as well to the implementation of the cross-border gas pipeline project Nord Stream 2. Finally, the article covers the key points of the recently adopted Clean energy for all Europeans package.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study is based on multilateral international treaties as well as legal acts and other offi al documents adopted within the European Union. The study is also based on the teachings of domestic and foreign researchers. The authors use general scientific methods as well as special methods such as historical, systematic, formal and comparative.RESEARCH RESULTS. The study shows that the acts adopted within the European Union in the field of energy may be in conflict with certain international rules, enshrined in the WTO agreements and the UNCLOS. In addition, the authors show that the implementation of the Third Energy Package by the EU Member States should be carried out taking into account the compatibility of the adopted norms with international legal standards on environmental protection.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Th authors conclude that despite the severity of the European legislation, it should be based on international law, which can restore the broken balance in relations with involved parties, primarily with Russia. The authors also propose to develop and adopt a number of instruments on environmental protection from damage caused by energy activities, including the prevention of transboundary air pollution over long distances and in the course of development and production of fuel and energy resources of the seabed.

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Alonso, Patricia Dominguez, and Jose Antonio Moreno Molina. "Environmental Protection And Public Procurement." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 13, no. 8 (January 13, 2015): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v13i8.9061.

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European Union law has decisively influenced the development and recent evolution of national legislation on environment and on public procurement. One of the most important objetives of European Directives on public procurement have been to introduce environmental protection. But the principles of objectivity, transparency, publicity and non discrimination must be respect in all cases. These principles constitute at present the foundation of all public rules on procurement and are characterized by their transversality as they cover and are manifest in all stages of the contract, preparation and performance.

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Bürgin, Alexander. "Compliance with European Union environmental law: An analysis of digitalization effects on institutional capacities." Environmental Policy and Governance 30, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eet.1877.

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Barnes, Richard, and Daniel Metcalfe. "Current Legal Developments The European Union." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 25, no. 1 (2010): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180809x12583617932347.

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Journal articles on the topic 'European Union environmental law'

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