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Journal articles on the topic 'European Union – Spain'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Menéndez-Alarcón, Antonio. "Spain in the European Union." International Journal of Cultural Studies 3, no. 3 (2000): 331–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136787790000300302.

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Papaioannou, Katerina G. "Spain's Activity in the European Cultural Initiatives." European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (2022): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2022.2.3.266.

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The main purpose of this study is to highlight the way in which Spain has functioned since its accession to the European Union in 1986 in the field of culture. After completing the process of transition to democracy, and having fully recognized the importance of culture, Spain began to be active and to participate with success in most European cultural programs. The interest between Spain and the European Union has been mutual from the beginning. Spain was interested in promoting Spanish culture in Europe and the European Union in highlighting the cultural diversity that characterized Spain. N

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3

Turrión, Jaime, and Francisco J. Velázquez. "Consequences of European Union Enlargement for Spain." World Economy 27, no. 6 (2004): 761–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2004.00628.x.

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4

Uriarte Sánchez, Carlos. "Relationship between Spain and Russia through shared interests: key for normalization of relations with the European Union." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 9, no. 1 (2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2021-9-1-9-18.

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Since 2014 relations between the European Union and Russia have been severely affected by the sanctions policy that has been detrimental to both sides. However, Spain has not been able to stand aside from this policy. Nevertheless, Spain, maintaining a common position on sanctions against Russia out of solidarity and because of its obligations to European partners, has tried to develop bilateral relations with the Russian Federation in a positive way. Spain realizes that more unites it with Russia rather than divides. Spain and Russia have common interests and challenges not only in cultural,

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5

Laopodis, Nikiforos T. "Currency Substitution And European Monetary Union." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 14, no. 4 (2011): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v14i4.5651.

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<p>Results from cointegration and error-correction models for testing the effects of currency substitution in Greece, Portugal and Spain, in light of their upcoming participation in the European Monetary Union, revealed no significant short- or long-run currency substitution behavior in any country, suggesting that joining the union now would offer them no real benefits, unless significant economic convergence is achieved.</p>

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Sharoichenko, Natalia. "Spain and the European Union: topical issues of interaction." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, no. 4 (December 28, 2017): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2017-4-70-73.

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This article analyzes various aspects of interaction of Spain and European Union (EU) at the present stage. Due to the fact that the studied period is less than six months (including several events happened in a period less than a month) before presenting the paper, this research is topical and covers issues which were not examined before in academic literature. The aim of the study is to analyze major problems on which Spain has made suggestions for positive changes in the EU recently. The research was conducted with the help of such methods, as event-analysis, comparison and system approach.

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Shestopal, A. V. "Politics of Spain and European Union in Mediterranean." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(40) (February 28, 2015): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-1-40-269-270.

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8

Schutte, Camilo B. "Spain Tribunal Constitucional on the European Constitution. Declaration of 13 December 2004." European Constitutional Law Review 1, no. 2 (2005): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019605002816.

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When thinking about the integration of the European sovereign states in the European Union, one does not need to be a euro-sceptic to perceive a big fish devouring little fish. Of course, the individuality of the different countries is assured in the European Union. Article I-5(1) of the European Constitution establishes that the Union shall respect their national identities inherent in their fundamental structures, political and constitutional, and their essential state functions, including ensuring the territorial integrity of the State, maintaining law and order and safeguarding national se

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González Begega, Sergio, Holm-Detlev Köhler, and Mona Aranea. "Contested industrial democracy discourses in transnational companies. The case of the ArcelorMittal European Social Dialogue Group." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 24, no. 4 (2018): 451–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258918775838.

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This article discusses the potential of European transnational company agreements for developing industrial democracy at European company level. It describes the experience of the ArcelorMittal European Social Dialogue Group, established in 2009 through a European transnational company agreement as an innovative channel for trade union involvement in corporate decision-making. The conceptual framework draws on a cross-national comparison of industrial democracy discourses in two European countries, Germany and Spain. A qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews with trade union r

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McKenzie, Shelagh. "Practical challenges to addressing age discrimination in Spain." E-REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE LA PROTECCION SOCIAL 9, no. 2 (2024): 113–37. https://doi.org/10.12795/e-rips.2024.i02.05.

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The 2023 Eurobarometer 2023 on Discrimination in the European Union listed age (being too old or too young) as being perceived amongst citizens of the European Union as being the top potential barrier to the labour market. This is despite specific European Union laws being in place for almost twenty-one years to tackle age discrimination in the labour market (Directive 2000/78/ EC). In an evaluation of the implementation of Directive 2000/78/EC in the EU Member States in 2021, the European Commission found some stakeholders had a ‘limited awareness and application’ of the concept of indirect d

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11

PEREZ, Sigfrido RAMIREZ. "Spanish Trade Unions and European Integration: From the Democratic Transition to the Treaty of Maastricht (1973-1992)." Journal of European Integration History 26, no. 1 (2020): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2020-1-61.

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The contribution of Spanish trade unions to the process of transition and consolidation of the Spanish democracy has been very much underestimated. The dominating historiographical interpretation has considered them as simple transmission belt of political parties. This general view has been extended to their role in the process of the adhesion of Spain to the European Economic Communities. In reality, Spanish trade unions had been Europeanised very early by their links to the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC). This article explores the adhesion process to the ETUC, showing the progres

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12

Amigo, Ignacio. "Irrigation plan threatens key wetland in Spain." Science 380, no. 6643 (2023): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adi4370.

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13

Pushkareva, V. V. "GIBRALTAR AND BREXIT." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 4, no. 4 (2020): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2020-4-4-445-454.

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The withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union with its overseas possessions returned to the political agenda the territorial dispute between Madrid and London over the Gibraltar semi-enclave. The opposite points of view have collided in the context of Brexit: the UK fundamentally defends its sovereignty over Gibraltar, Spain strives to regain the lost territory, the Gibraltarians want to maintain association with the Kingdom and not break with the European Union, the European Union is not eager to grant Gibraltar a special status, but at the same time is interested in maintainin

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14

JHR. "An Introduction to the Series." European Constitutional Law Review 7, no. 2 (2011): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019611200063.

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Seven of the member states of the European Union are monarchies. They are, in alphabetical order, Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. It is to these European monarchies that the European Constitutional Law Review dedicates a series of articles. Its aim is to find answers to questions regarding their current organization and legitimation, the (remaining) monarchical competences or powers and the republican ‘opposition’. The overriding aim is to see what the Union means for them and how monarchies can survive constitutionally in the European Union

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15

Shpak, Maria. "The 2024 European Parliament Elections in Spain: National and European Dimensions." Latin-American Historical Almanac 43 (September 3, 2024): 222–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2024-43-1-222-249.

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The article examines the 2024 European Parliament elections in Spain as an element of national and European political pro-cess. The purpose of the study is to reveal key factors that in-fluenced voting outcome in Spain, as well as its possible im-plications for national political development and country’s role in the European Union. The research is based on the of-ficial data on the election results in Spain and the European Union, Spanish national statistics, Russian and Spanish think tanks’ and news agencies’ publications. The factors that shaped the campaign course and election results incl

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Yıldız İ, Uğur Burç, and Anıl Çamyamaç. "Explaining the European Union’s Changing Position towards the Gibraltar Question after the Brexit Referendum." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 4-1 (2017): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0069.

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Abstract Having previously remained impartial on the Gibraltar question between Spain and Britain since both were member states, the European Union suddenly changed its position after the Brexit referendum in favor of the Spanish government at the expense of breaching international law. In doing so, the European Union, for the first time, created a foreign policy on the long-standing Gibraltar question. This article explores the reasons behind the creation of this foreign policy in support of Spain. The European Union feared that the idea of Euroscepticism may escalate among remaining member s

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17

Kuhn, Theresa, and Aaron Kamm. "The national boundaries of solidarity: a survey experiment on solidarity with unemployed people in the European Union." European Political Science Review 11, no. 2 (2019): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773919000067.

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AbstractAmidst the European sovereign debt crisis and soaring unemployment levels across the European Union, ambitions for European unemployment policies are high on the political agenda. However, it remains unclear what European taxpayers think about these plans and who is most supportive of European unemployment policies. To contribute to this debate, we conducted a survey experiment concerning solidarity towards European and domestic unemployed individuals in the Netherlands and Spain. Our results suggest that (1) Europeans are less inclined to show solidarity towards unemployed Europeans t

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18

Makarycheva, A. V. "La postura de la Unión Europea frente al separatismo en Cataluña." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 8, no. 2 (2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2020-8-2-65-75.

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Secessionist sentiments are more common for the European Union than for other world regions. This tendency takes place to a large extent because of a crisis in the European values and religious traditions, and new priorities. Catalonia, as well as the Basque Country, tries to hold a direct dialogue with Brussels bypassing Madrid, which is accompanied with numerous difficulties: a discontent and warnings on the part of the official government of Spain, the necessity for the European Union to take into consideration the position of its member-state and many others. Despite the fact that regions

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Makarycheva, A. V. "La postura de la Unión Europea frente al separatismo en Cataluña." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2020-8-2-65-75.

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Secessionist sentiments are more common for the European Union than for other world regions. This tendency takes place to a large extent because of a crisis in the European values and religious traditions, and new priorities. Catalonia, as well as the Basque Country, tries to hold a direct dialogue with Brussels bypassing Madrid, which is accompanied with numerous difficulties: a discontent and warnings on the part of the official government of Spain, the necessity for the European Union to take into consideration the position of its member-state and many others. Despite the fact that regions

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20

Torres-González, Francisco. "Mental health care in Spain." Psychiatric Bulletin 19, no. 4 (1995): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.19.4.254.

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Spain is a member state of the European Union, covering over 500,000 km2 and with a population of more than 40 million. However, taking into account only the gross national product, there is no doubt that Spain still belongs to the southern countries.

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21

De Damborenea Martín, Pablo, Rubén Bermejo-Poza, and Jesús De la Fuente Vázquez. "Animal Protection in Filming in the Context of Spain." Animals 13, no. 7 (2023): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13071144.

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Animals have fundamentally contributed to the development and growth of different cinematographic and audiovisual activities. As established in article 13 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), the basic text that establishes the objectives of the EU and from which the regulations or directives emanate, animal welfare is protected for the good of the general interest and therefore, must be taken into account when developing different European Union policies, especially those that may affect the internal market. This work aims to analyze each of the European regulations

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22

Torcal, Mariano, Sergio Martini, and Lluis Orriols. "Deciding about the unknown: The effect of party and ideological cues on forming opinions about the European Union." European Union Politics 19, no. 3 (2018): 502–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116518769754.

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This article contributes to the literature on political heuristics by reporting two survey experiments conducted in Spain in 2014–2015 on party and ideology cues regarding preferences on a range of European Union and domestic issues in European and general elections. The findings reveal that party cues increase voters’ competence to take positions on European Union issues more than ideological ones. Cues increase competence in a similar fashion regardless of the nature of the topic, although the effect of cues that parties provide on European Union issues seems to be stronger than that of cues

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23

Beltrame de Moura, Aline, Naiara Posenato, and Beatriz Campuzano Díaz. "Editorial." Latin American Journal of European Studies 3, no. 1 (2023): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51799/2763-8685v3n1000.

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The Latin American Journal of European Studies (ISSN 2763-8685) is a publication of the Latin American Center of European Studies, created from the BRIDGE Project of Jean Monnet Network with funding from the Erasmus + Program of the European Commission. With a focus on the editorial lines on European Union Law and Policies and International Relations of the European Union with third countries and Latin America, the fifth edition of the Journal also has a thematic dossier on Private International Law in relations between the European Union and Latin America, organized by Beatriz Campuzano Díaz

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24

Nowak, A., T. Kijek, and K. Domańska. "Technical efficiency and its determinants in the European Union." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 61, No. 6 (2016): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/200/2014-agricecon.

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The study concerns the measurement of the technical efficiency of agriculture in the 27 European Union (EU) countries in 2010. The studies were conducted based on the result-oriented DEA method assuming variable advantages of scale. Moreover, in the study, the factors affecting technical efficiency were identified, and the econometric modelling of their impact was performed with the use of the Tobit model. The studies indicate that across the 27 EU Member States, the level of the technical efficiency of agriculture is diverse, and the difference between the states with the highest and the lowe

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25

Aguilera-Vaqués, Mar. "Catalan Law in the European Context." International Journal of Legal Information 42, no. 1 (2014): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500028262.

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This paper provides an overview of the Catalan law at the European context. How the Catalan institutions can tackle on the Spanish Government policies and decisions in front of the European Union. And how the European Union Law and policies are implemented in a decentralized country such Spain where Autonomous Communities have their own Governments and Parliaments. There will also be examined how this Spanish territorial decentralized structure affect the implementation of such EU norms and its control. Finally, there will be exposed how Catalan institutions manage to participate in front of t

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26

Parszewski, Kazimierz. "CONTEMPORARY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN POLAND AND THE EUROPEAN UNION." sj-economics scientific journal 8 (June 30, 2011): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v8i.488.

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This work presents modern local governments in Poland and selected European countries. This paper shows the local power structure, organizations and their competences as well as tasks and Government control. There are also indicated values of local democracy of the European Charter of local self government and legal problems of territorial self – government in Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Austria and Belgium.

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27

Kerikmäe, T., and D. R. Troitiño. "CATALONIA, SPAIN AND THE EUROPEAN UNION: A QUEST FOR LEGITIMACY." Trames. Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 25, no. 1 (2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/tr.2021.1.01.

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28

Sánchez Urios, Antonia. "Ukrainian Migration to European Union Countries: The Case of Spain." Canadian Slavonic Papers 52, no. 1-2 (2010): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00085006.2010.11092642.

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29

Medeiros, Eduardo. "European Union Cohesion Policy and Spain: a territorial impact assessment." Regional Studies 51, no. 8 (2016): 1259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2016.1187719.

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30

Вербицкая, Татьяна, Tatyana Verbitskaya, Полина Гилева, et al. "The Catalan Conflict in Spain: Consequences for the European Union." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2018, no. 4 (2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2018-4-13-18.

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The present paper identifies the specific features of the conflict between Madrid and Catalonia and its significance for the European Union. The Catalan conflict serves here as an example of the regionalism processes in the European Union. The author defines the conflict as postmodern, which determines the novelty of the research. The research employed integrated scientific methods. The comparative method was used to compare the economic, social, cultural, and political positions and aspects of Catalonia and Spain; the method of actualization was used to describe the situation taking into acco

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Huntoon, Laura. "Immigration to Spain: Implications for a Unified European Union Immigration Policy." International Migration Review 32, no. 2 (1998): 423–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839803200206.

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This article examines the difficulties of establishing a joint policy regarding the free movement of people within the European Union by focusing on changing immigration policies in one member — Spain. Previous studies have shown that negotiations toward harmonizing national policies on border control and immigration among EU members have many sticking points. By comparing Spain, a country of recent immigration, to Germany, a country with a longer history of non-European immigration, the difficulties of harmonizing immigration policies to satisfy this varied constituency become clearer. Admini

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32

Maravall, Buckwalter Isabel. "MEMBER STATES' CONSTITUTIONAL RULES ON THE WITHDRAWAL FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION: SPAIN." European Review of Public Law ERPL/REDP 31, no. 1 (2019): 283–328. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10635513.

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This article studies the legal framework that would apply in Spain in case it were to hypothetically decide to withdraw from the European Union. First, it will delve into the constitutional foundations of a hypothetical withdrawal, highlighting the controversies still alive today. Second, the article will analyze the procedure to be followed when denunciating an international treaty. Third, a special focus will be put on the possibility to conduct a hypothetical referendum on this matter and the legal effects and controversies arising from the possibility of conducting this type of consultatio

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Oplotnik, Tjaša. "Institutional Environment and Housing Conditions in the European Union." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 6, no. 3 (2009): 287–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/56.

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There is no housing policy at the level of the European Union. Therefore, it is the domain of national options. There are also big differences between individual Member States. Despite that, the basic feature of the housing policies has been privatisation in most European countries over the last twenty years. It means transferring the responsibility for housing provision from the state to the market and formation of financial networks within which an individual can provide his or her housing. In nearly all EU Member States, including Slovenia, a major volume of selective allocation of housing

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Stankunas, Mindaugas, Mark Avery, Jutta Lindert, et al. "Healthcare and aging: do European Union countries differ?" International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 29, no. 8 (2016): 895–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-09-2015-0110.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate socio-economic inequalities in the use, accessibility and satisfaction with health services amongst 60-84 year old people from seven European urban communities. Design/methodology/approach Data for this study were collected in 2009. The target population was people aged 60-84 years from Stuttgart (Germany), Athens (Greece), Ancona (Italy), Kaunas (Lithuania), Porto (Portugal), Granada (Spain) and Stockholm (Sweden). The total sample comprised 4,467 respondents with a mean response rate across these countries of 45.2 per cent. Findings The study

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35

Gräbner-Radkowitsch, Claudius, Dennis Tamesberger, Philipp Heimberger, Timo Kapelari, and Jakob Kapeller. "Trade models in the European Union." Ekonomski anali 67, no. 235 (2022): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2235007g.

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By studying the factors underlying differences in trade performance across European economies, this paper derives six different ?trade models? for 22 EU countries and explores their developmental and distributional dynamics. We first introduce a typology of trade models by clustering countries on the basis of four key dimensions of trade performance: endowments, technological specialisation, labour market characteristics and regulatory requirements. The resulting clusters comprise countries that base their export success on similar trade models. Our results indicate the existence of six differ

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Jura, Cristian, and Denis Buruian. "ETHNICAL MINORITIES AND ISSUE OF CHANGING THE STATE TERRITORY." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 8, no. 4 (2014): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v8i4.1605.

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Although, traditionally, the European Union is associated to the uniformity of the rules imposed, such as common market or unique currency, the challenge for European Union consists in finding the balance between the uniformity of economic rules and diversity involved by the multitude of traditions, cultures, ethnic groups living between its borders, diversity to be enriched more pursuant to the accession of candidate states.Therefore, even if through time it was brought in discussion countless times, lately the problem of secession has become more and more emphatic, both in states from the Eu

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López-Ochoa, Luis M., Jesús Las-Heras-Casas, Luis M. López-González, and César García-Lozano. "Energy Renovation of Residential Buildings in Cold Mediterranean Zones Using Optimized Thermal Envelope Insulation Thicknesses: The Case of Spain." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (2020): 2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062287.

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The residential sector of the European Union consumes 27% of the final energy of the European Union, and approximately two-thirds of the existing dwellings in the European Union were built before 1980. For this reason, the European Union aims to transform the existing residential building stock into nearly zero-energy buildings by 2050 through energy renovation. The most effective method to achieve this goal is to increase the thermal insulation of opaque elements of the thermal envelope. This study aims to assess the energy, environmental and economic impacts of the energy renovation of the t

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BRANISLAV, VLAHOVIĆ, PUŠKARIĆ ANTON, and NACKA MARINA. "WINE MARKET IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Contemporary Agriculture (2014) 63, no. 1-2 (2014): 146–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5924061.

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In the paper were analyzed the wine market in the European Union. The basic data source is Global Trade Atlas, in the time interval from 2010 to 2012. The wine production in the European Union is around 164 thousand hectolitres. In export structure dominate the bottled wines (67.9%), and then follow the wine in bulk (22.7%), the lowest share is of the sparkling wine with 9.4%. The largest wine export has been directed to USA market (23.3%), and then follows the Russian Federation (16.3%) and China (9.9%). The biggest wine exporter in the European Union is Italy, then Spain and France. The Euro

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Colmenar-Santos, Antonio, Elisabet Palomo-Torrejón, Enrique Rosales-Asensio, and David Borge-Diez. "Measures to Remove Geothermal Energy Barriers in the European Union." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113202.

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This article examines the main market barriers that hamper the introduction of geothermal energy at local, national, and European levels as well as the necessary steps that need to be taken to eradicate them, thus contributing to the general use of this renewable source of energy. The novelty of this study lies in the detailed description of four different scenarios: the European Union (EU), Spain, the Canary Islands, and the agricultural sector for the three types of geothermal energies and their uses: Low-enthalpy or thermal uses, high-enthalpy or electrical uses and renewable energy mix. Th

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Strohmeier, Dagmar, Martyn Barrett, Carmen Bora, et al. "Young People’s Engagement With the European Union." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 225, no. 4 (2017): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000314.

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Abstract. This study investigated whether demographic variables, efficacy beliefs, visions, and worries are associated with four different forms of (dis)engagement with the European Union (EU): intended voting in the 2019 EU elections, nonconventional political engagement, psychological engagement, and the wish that one’s own country should leave the EU. The sample comprised 3,764 young people aged 16–25 years living in seven European countries: Albania, Austria, Germany, Italy, Romania, Spain, and the UK. Economic challenges, human rights, and the environment were the most important future vi

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Monedero, Pablo José Abascal. "Family Laws in the European Union." Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika 19 (September 16, 2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/stepp.2019.13.

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EU social policies should be complemented by contributing to a harmonious development of society, by reducing structural and regional imbalances, developing a balance between the a localized community and the national society, and improving the living standards of citizens and families of member states (Garrido 2002). Such important social policy principles as freedom and justice are addressed and represented in family laws in the EU regulations introduced during the period of 2000–2016. In this article, we studied the EU’s legal solutions in reference to national (Spain) laws on these matters

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42

Espuelas, Sergio. "FALLOS DE MERCADO Y SEGURO DE PARO EN ESPAÑA ANTES DE 1936." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 31, no. 3 (2013): 387–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610913000189.

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ABSTRACTBefore 1936, private insurance against unemployment was mostly run by trade unions. Commercial companies, meanwhile, did not penetrate into this insurance branch, which is probably due to the advantages that trade unions had when dealing with adverse selection and moral hazard problems. Nevertheless, union-based unemployment insurance reached a lower level of development than other private social insurance schemes, like sickness insurance, perhaps because of the financial difficulties that economic crisis involved for unemployment funds. Also, unemployment insurance spread specially am

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Creech, Richard L. "Court of Justice of the European Communities." European Constitutional Law Review 2, no. 1 (2006): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019606001477.

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As a result of the 2004 enlargement there are now twenty languages that are accorded official, and theoretically equal, status in the institutions of the European Union. With the expansion of the Union’s linguistic landscape some Union bodies, while allowing the use of more and more languages, have paradoxically limited the circumstances under which most of them may be used. To put it mildly, these efforts, as Advocate-General Poiares Maduro said in his opinion in Case C-160/03, Kingdom of Spain v. Eurojust, 2005 ECR I-2077, have been ‘a matter of some controversy’.

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Wawrzyniak, Dorota. "Standard Of Living In The European Union." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 19, no. 1 (2016): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2016-0008.

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The European Union countries are diversified in terms of the standard of living of the population. The reduction of disparities in the standard of living, along with the elimination of the negative phenomena related to social exclusion form an EU policy priority. In this context, the aim of this article is to compare the standard of living in the various European Union countries and to determine Poland’s position in the ranking. In the study, countries with a similar standard of living of their populations were grouped as well. The analysis was based on 10 variables describing the standard of

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Cherkasova, E. "Separatism as a threat to the European Union (The Case of Catalonia)." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 1 (2022): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-1-51-59.

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The Catalan crisis raises deep concerns about the very nature of European democracy. This is no longer an internal affair of Spain – rather a European and global crisis. Brussels, having declared that the Catalan problem is an internal affair of Spain, cannot completely abstract from it, both for economic and political reasons. It is quite obvious that the Spanish political elite failed to come up with an attractive alternative for Catalonia, or even a basis for a positive dialogue. By decisively taking the side of Madrid after the unilateral declaration of independence, the European Union has

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YAKOVLEVA, Nailya. "Integration within the European Union: is Iberolux Possible?" Perspectives and prospects. E-journal, no. 3 (23) (2020): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32726/2411-3417-2020-3-66-80.

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Recently, an idea of creating a smaller integration group within the main integration union of the planet - the European Union - has been crystallizing. This is about integrating two countries of the Iberian Peninsula – Spain and Portugal. Their relations have gained "cruising speed" and have improved so much that the eventual association has even been named Iberolux, by analogy with Benelux. While this is only an idea, there is evidence that a new Iberian integration community within the EU may emerge in the future. Despite numerous challenges and risks that can hinder the realization of this

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González Leonor, María del Carmen, Carlos del Castillo Rodríguez, and Antonio González Bueno. "Euthanasia in Spain. Analysis compared with other legal regulations of the European Union." Anales de la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia 87, no. 87(03) (2021): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2021.87.03.05.

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The publication of Organic Law 3/2021 regulating euthanasia (BOE 03.25.2021), converted Spain in the fourth country in the European Union to decriminalize such practice. In this article we analyze this rule and the introduction of euthanasia in the Health Service of the Spanish National Health System, which guarantees access to the provision. On the other hand, we will carry out a comparative study of other legal systems in the European Union in which this practice is allowed or penalized.

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Toledano, Miguel. "A comparison between the european child guarantee in Poland and in Spain." Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego I, no. I (2023): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3283.

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Under the European Child Guarantee, European Union institutions have recommended thatMember States dedicate some national and union funds, from 2022 to 2030, to support minorsin need in order to prevent and combat their social exclusion. The first step for MemberStates is to present their respective action plans. The European Commission has not publisheda comprehensive comparative assessment of such action plans, hence the interest in doingso, both between Member States and in relation to the goals set by the EU. Spain and Poland,two countries currently with governments of a very different pol

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Pérez-Franco, Ismael, Agustín García-García, and Juan J. Maldonado-Briegas. "Energy Transition Towards a Greener and More Competitive Economy: The Iberian Case." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (2020): 3343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083343.

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In this paper, we analyze the effects of the energy transition process on economic growth in Spain and Portugal, countries that, adhering to European Union (EU) directives, opted to promote clean energies from the very start. On the one hand, we look at the energy transition laws introduced by the EU and other countries. On the other, we conduct a causal analysis of energy consumption and economic growth to confirm whether the change of energy model has generated positive effects on economic growth. The procedure was as follows. First, we conducted an aggregate causality analysis exploring the

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Thorpe, Wayne. "The European Syndicalists and War, 1914–1918." Contemporary European History 10, no. 1 (2001): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301001011.

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This article argues that syndicalist trade union organizations, viewed internationally, were unique in First World War Europe in not supporting the war efforts or defensive efforts of their respective governments. The support for the war of the important French organisation has obscured the fact that the remaining five national syndicalist organisations – in belligerent Germany and Italy, and in neutral Spain, Sweden and the Netherlands – remained faithful to their professed workers' internationalism. The article argues that forces tending to integrate the labour movement in pre-1914 Europe ha

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