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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Euthanasia, Passive – ethics

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Academic literature on the topic 'Euthanasia, Passive – ethics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Euthanasia, Passive – ethics"

1

Garrard, E. "Passive euthanasia." Journal of Medical Ethics 31, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2003.005777.

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2

Haddadi, A., and F. Ravaz. "Historical Approaches to Euthanasia: The Unfinished Story of a Concept." Kutafin Law Review 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2313-5395.2021.1.15.099-114.

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Various ethics committees in Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Luxembourg, Portugal, and France have made attempts to describe the notion of euthanasia. Opinion No 063 (January 27, 2000) of the National Advisory Committee on Ethics shows that there has been no concensus on the definition of this concept. It is therefore necessary to review historical background of euthanasia from ancient times to modern period to better understand its potential applications in divergent contexts.Studies devoted to euthanasia usually involve two modalities, namely active and passive. The active modality entails the act of deliberately killing a patient with or against their will in order to relieve persistent suffering, while the passive modality deals with the rational valid refusal of life-sustaining medical interventions necessary for the patient's life and health. The goal of this article is to present different historical approaches to euthanasia from two modalities and engage the bioethics community in a discussion on legal, social, and ethical issues of euthanasia all over the world.

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3

Fischer, Johannes. "Aktive und passive Sterbehilfe." Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik 40, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/zee-1996-0115.

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Abstract The author defends the distinction between active and passive euthanasia. A characteristic feature of passive euthanasia is that it preserves the situation of waiting for death. Active euthanasia is characterised by the fact that it terminates this situation or anticipates its occurrence in a phase when death has not yet announced itself. Provided the situation of waiting for death is preserved, passive euthanasia may very weil include actively life-shortening measures such as dehydration. The situation of waiting for death has primarily a ritual significance. It has the effect of leaving the participants with the consciousness that death as a definitive separation from a person was fate and not an act for which responsibility must be tak:en. This consciousness is important for the integrity of the personal relation to the deceased. Active euthanasia can therefore be considered only in extreme situations which leave no alternative. The author criticises the fact that the ritual aspect of medical action receives too little consideration in the discussion on euthanasia. Finally, conclusions relating to theological ethics are drawn.

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4

Modesto, Caroline Pereira, Ana Maria Lima Carneiro De Andrade, Lucas Tavares Cruz De Albuquerque, Kevellyn Cruz Aguilera, Taelis Araujo Granja, Ana Beatriz Tavares Cruz De Albuquerque, Géssica Gomes Pereira Modesto, Wine Suélhi Dos Santos, Cláudio Gleidiston Lima Da Silva, and Djailson Ricardo Malheiro. "Thanatology under the perspective of ethics and bioethics: a systematic review." Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde 12, no. 9 (July 16, 2020): e3734. http://dx.doi.org/10.25248/reas.e3734.2020.

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Objective: Clarify bioethical dilemmas and introduces the concepts of the various perspectives during the death process: patient with end-stage disease, dysthanasia, passive euthanasia, active euthanasia, assisted suicide, orthotoasia and kalotanasia. Methods: This is a systematic review whose data were extracted from the MEDLINE and BVS databases. In the first mentioned, the descriptors "thanatology" and "ethics" were used using the logical AND operator, which resulted in 45 articles, after refinement the sample registered 04 articles. In the second base, the search was performed with the same descriptors (n = 34), but only 12 were selected. Results: Stands out the concept of death, good death and terminality of life. In addition to exploring the ethical dilemmas, challenges and opportunities presented at death regarding dysthanasia, passive and active euthanasia, assisted suicide, orthopasia and organ transplantation. Final considerations: The conception of death is transformed over time, technological advances have allowed attempts to extend life and the introduction of ethical and bioethical impasses about the end of life.

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5

McKinnon, Brandi, and Menfil Orellana-Barrios. "Ethics in physician-assisted dying and euthanasia." Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 7, no. 30 (July 19, 2019): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12746/swrccc.v7i30.561.

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The definitions of physician-assisted dying, passive euthanasia, and active euthanasia arereviewed. The ethical implications of physician-assisted dying are also examined. Proponentsargue that physician-assisted dying is a more respectful and dignified way for terminally illpatients to die. However, opponents claim that physician-assisted dying devalues human life,which should be treasured and protected. A majority of the general population and physicianssupport physician-assisted dying, but there is a need for medical societies to develop training,support, and implementation standards to aid physicians in this process. Ethics committee’smay help fill this gap and provide institutional resources and mediation of value conflicts.

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6

Golijan, Iva. "Ethical and legal aspects of the right to die with dignity." Filozofija i drustvo 31, no. 3 (2020): 420–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid2003420g.

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The issue of euthanasia presents a contact area of ethics, law, and politics. This text provides a contribution to the expert public debate on the introduction of euthanasia into Serbian legislation. It does so first by clarifies the term - euthanasia (as a right to die with dignity). Further, it considers the obligations of other persons that arise from this right and the conditions under which they present a restriction on personality rights. By citing examples from the fields of ethics and law, the text states that the distinction between active and passive euthanasia is in fact a product of inadequate deliberation during the implementation of this differentiation.

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7

Kumaş, Gülşah, Gürsel Öztunç, and Z. Nazan Alparslan. "Intensive Care Unit Nurses' Opinions About Euthanasia." Nursing Ethics 14, no. 5 (September 2007): 637–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733007075889.

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This study was conducted to gain opinions about euthanasia from nurses who work in intensive care units. The research was planned as a descriptive study and conducted with 186 nurses who worked in intensive care units in a university hospital, a public hospital, and a private not-for-profit hospital in Adana, Turkey, and who agreed to complete a questionnaire. Euthanasia is not legal in Turkey. One third (33.9%) of the nurses supported the legalization of euthanasia, whereas 39.8% did not. In some specific circumstances, 44.1% of the nurses thought that euthanasia was being practiced in our country. The most significant finding was that these Turkish intensive care unit nurses did not overwhelmingly support the legalization of euthanasia. Those who did support it were inclined to agree with passive rather than active euthanasia (P = 0.011).

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8

Nair-Collins, Michael. "Medical Futility and Involuntary Passive Euthanasia." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 60, no. 3 (2018): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2018.0017.

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9

McLachlan, H. V. "The ethics of killing and letting die: active and passive euthanasia." Journal of Medical Ethics 34, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 636–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2007.023382.

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10

Bevacqua, Frank, and Sharon Kurpius. "Counseling Students' Personal Values and Attitudes toward Euthanasia." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 35, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.35.2.101095424625024p.

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This analogue study examined client autonomy in euthanasia situations and its relationship to the clinical experience, religious values, and attitudes toward euthanasia of 83 mental health counseling students. Participants were much more supportive of client autonomy for a 77-year-old client than for a 25-year-old client seeking active euthanasia. No differences were found for passive euthanasia. Counseling student religiosity and clinical experience were significant predictors of support for client autonomy, with more religiosity and less clinical experience related to less support for the client's right to make this decision about ending life. These findings are discussed in light of professional ethics and the role of counselor values in working with clients.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Euthanasia, Passive – ethics"

1

McRae, Robert J. "Is there an ethical difference between active and passive euthanasia?" Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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2

Chambers, Stuart. "Of Stewardship, Suffering and the “Slippery Slope”: A Vattimian Analysis of the Sanctity of Life Ethos in Canada (1972–2005)." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20221.

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This dissertation examines from a Vattimian perspective the challenge that euthanasia and assisted suicide posed to the sanctity of life ethos in Canada from 1972–2005. Gianni Vattimo’s central themes—metaphysics (absolute values), “event of being” (lived experiences that call absolute values into question), and passive-reactive nihilism (the use of “masks” or “disguises” to prevent the dissolution of metaphysics)—are pivotal to understanding the way religious and secular beliefs are interwoven within ethical, medical, legal and political discourses in Canada. Vattimo’s philosophico-ethical approach was specifically chosen because as a theoretical tool, it helps to illuminate the presence, weakening, and resilience of metaphysics in discourses surrounding an intentionally hastened death. To demonstrate how Vattimo’s major themes apply empirically to the research, a social constructionist approach was adopted in the form of a discourse analysis. Particular emphasis was placed on an examination of the three most important cases of death and dying in Canada, namely, Nancy B., Sue Rodriguez and Robert Latimer. The bulk of the evidence suggests that when these “events of being” challenged the sanctity doctrine as the ultimate foundation for life-terminating decisions, ethical, medical, legal and political discourses converged to promote three normative positions or authorizing discourses used in the tradition of Christian ethics: (1) stewardship—the view that since life is a “loan from God,” sacred, and of infinite worth, death cannot be intentionally hastened (“nature must take its course”); (2) value in prolonged suffering—the view that since suffering possesses transcendent meaning or purpose, its prolongation is justified in individual circumstances; and (3) the “slippery slope”—the view that any weakening of the sanctity of life ethos inevitably harms or threatens the community. Generally speaking, religious and secular advocates of the sanctity of life ethos reacted similarly in cases involving an intentionally hastened death. In other words, both the religious and the secular embraced metaphysics (absolute values), condoned and rationalized the prolongation of suffering, and relied on the “slippery slope” as a “mask” to maintain the sanctity of human life as first principle. The research strongly suggests that Canada is still significantly indebted to Christian notions when it comes to discussions surrounding the decriminalization of euthanasia and assisted suicide.

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Books on the topic "Euthanasia, Passive – ethics"

1

Lowy, Frederick H. Canadian physicians and euthanasia. Ottawa: Canadian Medical Association, 1993.

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2

If that ever happens to me: Making life and death decisions after Terri Schiavo. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.

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3

Witholding or withdrawing life sustaining treatment in children: A framework for practice. 2nd ed. London: Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2004.

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4

To treat or not to treat: Bioethics and the handicapped newborn. New York: Paulist Press, 1988.

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5

1951-, Hersh Alan R., ed. Easing the passage: A guide for prearranging and ensuring a pain-free and tranquil death via a living will, personal medical mandate, and other medical, legal, and ethical resources. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991.

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6

Colby, William H. Unplugged: Reclaiming our right to die in America. New York: American Management Association, 2008.

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7

London, Royal College of Physicians of. Fraud and misconduct in medical research: Causes, investigation, and prevention. London: Royal College of Physicians of London, 1991.

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London, Royal College of Physicians of. Fraud and misconduct in medical research: Causes, investigation and prevention : a report ofthe Royal College of Physicians. London: Royal College of Physicians, 1991.

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9

Hoogerwerf, Aart. Denken over sterven en dood in de geneeskunde: Overwegingen van artsen bij medische beslissingen rond het levenseinde. Utrecht: Van der Wees, 1999.

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10

Küng, Hans. Dying with dignity: A plea for personal responsibility. New York: Continuum, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Euthanasia, Passive – ethics"

1

Rachels, James. "Active and Passive Euthanasia." In Applied Ethics, 423–27. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315097176-62.

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2

"Active or passive euthanasia." In EUTHANASIA AND THE ETHICS OF A DOCTOR’S DECISIONS. Bloomsbury Academic, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350186255.ch-003.

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3

Iserson, Kenneth V., and Eileen F. Baker. "Failed Suicide Attempt in the Terminally Ill." In Legal and Ethical Issues in Emergency Medicine, 57–64. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190066420.003.0008.

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Emergency physicians may be faced with patients at the end of life who present with failed suicide attempts. This presents an ethical dilemma for both those in states where physician-assisted suicide is legal and those in states without such statutes. All 50 states have provisions for upholding the autonomy of competent patients to make decisions about end-of-life care. Three options are available to the emergency physician caring for a terminally ill patient with a failed suicide attempt: to assist a patient in completing an intended suicide (active euthanasia), to offer palliative care (passive euthanasia), or to override the patient’s wishes and provide life-saving treatment (standard treatment). When the patient’s wishes are clear, offering palliative treatment provides care in keeping with the patient’s desire to avoid pain and suffering. In situations in which questions exist regarding the patient’s wishes, a more conservative approach, aimed at stabilizing the patient, should be sought. Ethical and legal consultations are advised.

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