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Journal articles on the topic 'Evacuation kit'
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1
Horney, Jennifer, Cynthia Snider, Sandra Malone, Laura Gammons, and Steve Ramsey. "Factors Associated with Hurricane Preparedness: Results of a Pre-Hurricane Assessment." Journal of Disaster Research 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2008.p0143.
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Previous studies of hurricane preparedness have generally used indirect measures to ascertain household preparedness, including time intervals between preparation and hurricane landfall and past evacuation. This study sought to directly measure hurricane preparedness by asking residents of a high-risk coastal North Carolina county to report whether their household had an evacuation plan and a disaster supply kit with at least 3 days of food and water for each family member and pet as recommended by the American Red Cross. The survey was conducted six weeks prior to the start of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season. Past hurricane experience increased the likelihood of a household having a disaster supply kit. However, living in multi-unit housing or a mobile home significantly decreased the likelihood of having a disaster supply kit. Past hurricane experience, past evacuation experience and anticipated evacuation under a mandatory evacuation order were important factors related to a household having an evacuation plan. Residence in a designated flood zone, demographic characteristics of the household, pet ownership, and perceived risk were not significantly related to preparedness. Public health and emergency management officials should work together to determine effective interventions that can improve personal preparedness based on factors other than personal hurricane experience.
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Burke, PhD, Jennifer A., Patric R. Spence, PhD, and Kenneth A. Lachlan, PhD. "Crisis preparation, media use, and information seeking during Hurricane Ike: Lessons learned for emergency communication." Journal of Emergency Management 8, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2010.0030.
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This study was a replication and extension of a previous work that examined crisis preparation, information- seeking patterns, and media use in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. A quantitative survey study was undertaken to examine the same variables after Hurricane Ike. Surveys were collected from 691 Hurricane Ike evacuees. Respondents were more likely to have an evacuation plan or emergency kit than those displaced by Katrina, and older respondents were less likely than younger respondents to have an emergency kit in place. Women, African Americans, and older respondents indicated a greater desire for information, with African American respondents desiring information concerning government responses, evacuation efforts, and rescue operations. Television and interpersonal exchanges emerged as the most commonly used sources for information. The findings are discussed in terms of pragmatic implications for emergency management practitioners regarding message design and placement.
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Jansen-Winkeln, Boris, Stefan Niebisch, Uwe Scheuermann, Ines Gockel, and Matthias Mehdorn. "Biomechanical Effects of Incisional Negative Wound Pressure Dressing: An Ex Vivo Model Using Human and Porcine Abdominal Walls." BioMed Research International 2018 (December 30, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7058461.
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Introduction. Incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) has been of recent interest in different surgical fields as beneficial outcomes on high-risk wounds have been reported. Nevertheless, its mechanisms of function are not widely studied to date. Methods. We established two ex vivo setups of iNPWT in porcine and human abdominal wall for measuring pressures within the wound which result from iNPWT application. For pressure measurements, a high-resolution manometry catheter and a balloon catheter probe were used in a wound sealed with either a commercially available PREVENA VAC kit or a self-made iNPWT kit. Furthermore, we evaluated seroma evacuation by iNPWT. Results. Both setups showed similar characteristics of pressure curves within the wound when applying increasing negative pressures. Application of high pressures did not result in a similar increase in wound pressure. Only subtotal evacuation of seroma by iNPWT application (about 75% of volume) could be detected. Conclusion. Our ex vivo model of iNPWT in porcine and human abdominal wall could show reproducible measurements of pressures within the wounds in both types of tissue. As intrawound pressures did not increase in the same way as the applied negative pressure, we suggest that our results do not advocate the idea of using iNPWT for wound care especially as seroma evacuation remains insufficient.
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DeYoung, Sarah E., Ashley K. Farmer, Zoe Callaro, and Shelby Naar. "Disaster Preparedness among Service Dog Puppy- Raisers (Human Subject Sample)." Animals 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020246.
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Little is known about the ways in which puppy raisers engage in disaster preparedness for their puppies (or “guide dogs in training”). The aim of this research is to understand disaster preparedness among service dog puppy raisers. A web-based survey was distributed to people raising puppies in a service dog training program (n = 53 complete survey responses). Questions in the survey included items about disaster preparedness and plans for canine safety in hazards events. Out of those who said they had an evacuation plan for their puppy in training, 59% stated they would put the dog in their vehicles for evacuating to safety in the event of a hurricane or other disaster. The odds of first-time puppy raisers who considered evacuation for Hurricane Irma in 2017 was 15.3 times the odds of repeat raisers. Over half the raisers reported that they did not have a disaster kit. Additionally, 82% of respondents indicated that having a service puppy in training makes them feel safer. These results can be used as a foundation for service dog organizations in disaster preparedness among their puppy raiser volunteers and in designing recruitment messages for new volunteers.
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Lachlan, PhD, Kenneth A., Christine Gilbert, MA, Emily Hutter, MA, Adam Rainear, PhD, and Patric R. Spence, PhD. "Ready in the face of danger? Investigating preparation, mitigation, and media dependencies amongst those affected by the 2018 California Wildfires." Journal of Emergency Management 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0507.
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The current study analyzes information-seeking tendencies, preparation, and mitigation behavior among those impacted by the 2018 Camp Fire and Woolsey Fire in California. Similar to previous work, results suggest that socioeconomic status was a strong positive predictor of having an emergency kit and evacuation plan in place. The internet and television were the two preferred sources of information, while the relative lack of importance of radio, interpersonal communication, and social media runs counter to past research in the area. Implications for emergency management are discussed.
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Morisaki, Yuma, Makoto Fujiu, Ryoichi Furuta, and Junichi Takayama. "Development of a Radar Reflector Kit for Older Adults to Use to Signal Their Location and Needs in a Large-Scale Earthquake Disaster." Remote Sensing 13, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 1883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13101883.
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In Japan, older adults account for the highest proportion of the population of any country in the world. When large-scale earthquake disasters strike, large numbers of casualties are known to particularly occur among seniors. Many are physically or mentally vulnerable and require assistance during the different phases of disaster response, including rescue, evacuation, and living in an evacuation center. However, the growing number of older adults has made it difficult, after a disaster, to quickly gather information on their locations and assess their needs. The authors are developing a proposal to enable vulnerable people to signal their location and needs in the aftermath of a disaster to response teams by deploying radar reflectors that can be detected in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite imagery. The purpose of this study was to develop a radar reflector kit that seniors could easily assemble in order to make this proposal feasible in practice. Three versions of the reflector were tested for detectability, and a sample of older adults was asked to assemble the kits and provide feedback regarding problems they encountered and regarding their interest in using the reflectors in the event of a large-scale disaster.
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Hashikawa, Andrew, Stuart Bradin, and Michael Ambrose. "Review of Disaster and Emergency Preparedness Among Summer Camps in the United States: Updates and Challenges." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001377.
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Introduction:More than 14 million children in the United States attend summer camps yearly, including many special medical needs children. Summer camps are at risk for multiple pediatric casualties during a disaster. The American Camp Association, in the 2017 critical issues report, identified emergency preparedness as the top critical health and safety issue. Camps, compared to school-based settings, face unique challenges when planning for disasters, but research has been challenging because of the lack of access to camp leadership and data.Aim:Provide a targeted up-to-date synopsis on the current state of disaster preparedness and ongoing collaborative research and technology interventions for improving preparedness among summer camps.Methods:Researchers partnered with a national health records system (CampDoc.com) and American Academy of Pediatrics disaster experts to review results from a national camp survey. Main themes were identified to assess gaps and develop strategies for improving disaster preparedness.Results:169 camps responses were received from national camp leadership. A substantial proportion of camps were missing 4 critical areas of disaster planning: 1) Most lacked online emergency plans (53%), methods to communicate information to parents (25%), or strategies to identify children for evacuation/reunification (40%); 2) Disaster plans failed to account for special/medical needs children (38%); 3) Staff training rates were low for weather (58%), evacuation (46%), and lockdown (36%); 4) Most camps (75%) did not plan with disaster organizations.Discussion:Collaboration with industry and disaster experts will be key to address the gaps identified. Current research and interventions include the recent release of a communication alert tool allowing camps to send mass text emergency notifications. Additionally, a recent pilot to incorporate disaster plans into the electronic health records platform emphasizing communication, evacuation, and identification of local experts has begun. Efforts to develop a unified disaster tool kit for summer camps remains a challenge.
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Clay, Lauren A., James B. Goetschius, Mia A. Papas, Joseph Trainor, Nuno Martins, and James M. Kendra. "Does Preparedness Matter? The Influence of Household Preparedness on Disaster Outcomes During Superstorm Sandy." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 14, no. 1 (August 27, 2019): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.78.
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ABSTRACTObjectives:This study empirically examines preparedness with a kit, medication, and a disaster plan on disaster outcomes including perceived recovery, property damage, and use of medical or mental health services.Methods:Using a cross-sectional, retrospective study design, 1114 households in New York City were interviewed 21-34 months following Super Storm Sandy. Bivariate associations were examined and logistic regression models fit to predict the odds of disaster outcomes given the level of preparedness.Results:Respondents with an evacuation plan were more likely to report not being recovered (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-3.8), property damage (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9), and use of medical services (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). Respondents reporting a supply of prescription medication were more likely to report using mental health (OR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.2-9.8) and medical services (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.8)Conclusions:Having a kit, plan, and medication did not reduce risk of adverse outcomes in Superstorm Sandy in this sample. Disaster managers should consider the lack of evidence for preparedness when making public education and resource allocation decisions. Additional research is needed to identify preparedness measures that lead to better outcomes for more efficient and effective response and recovery.
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Kurkjian, Katie M., Michelle Winz, Jun Yang, Kate Corvese, Ana Colón, Seth J. Levine, Jessica Mullen, et al. "Assessing Emergency Preparedness and Response Capacity Using Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response Methodology: Portsmouth, Virginia, 2013." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2016): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.173.
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AbstractObjectiveFor the past decade, emergency preparedness campaigns have encouraged households to meet preparedness metrics, such as having a household evacuation plan and emergency supplies of food, water, and medication. To estimate current household preparedness levels and to enhance disaster response planning, the Virginia Department of Health with remote technical assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a community health assessment in 2013 in Portsmouth, Virginia.MethodsUsing the Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) methodology with 2-stage cluster sampling, we randomly selected 210 households for in-person interviews. Households were questioned about emergency planning and supplies, information sources during emergencies, and chronic health conditions.ResultsInterview teams completed 180 interviews (86%). Interviews revealed that 70% of households had an emergency evacuation plan, 67% had a 3-day supply of water for each member, and 77% had a first aid kit. Most households (65%) reported that the television was the primary source of information during an emergency. Heart disease (54%) and obesity (40%) were the most frequently reported chronic conditions.ConclusionsThe Virginia Department of Health identified important gaps in local household preparedness. Data from the assessment have been used to inform community health partners, enhance disaster response planning, set community health priorities, and influence Portsmouth’s Community Health Improvement Plan. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:193–198)
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Tufa, Tesfaye Hurissa, Sarah Prager, Mekitie Wondafrash, Shikur Mohammed, Nicole Byl, and Jason Bell. "Comparison of surgical versus medical termination of pregnancy between 13-20 weeks of gestation in Ethiopia: A quasi-experimental study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): e0249529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249529.
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Background Dilation and evacuation is a method of second trimester pregnancy termination introduced recently in Ethiopia. However, little is known about the safety and effectiveness of this method in an Ethiopian setting. Therefore, the study is intended to determine the safety and effectiveness of dilation and evacuation for surgical abortion as compared to medical abortion between 13–20 weeks’ gestational age. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study of women receiving second trimester termination of pregnancy between 13–20 weeks. Patients were allocated to either medical or surgical abortion based on their preference. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and clinical data upon admission. Procedure related information was collected after the procedure was completed and before the patient was discharged. Additionally, women were contacted 2 weeks after the procedure to evaluate for post-procedural complications. The primary outcome of the study was a composite complication rate. Data were collected using Open Data Kit and then analyzed using Stata version 14.2. Univariate analyses were performed using means (standard deviation), or medians (interquartile range) when the distribution was not normal. Multiple logistic regression was also performed to control for confounders. Results Two hundred nineteen women chose medical abortion and 60 chose surgical abortion. The composite complication rate is not significantly different among medical and surgical abortion patients (15% versus 10%; p = 0.52). Nine patients (4.1%) in the medical arm required additional intervention to complete the abortion, while none of the surgical abortion patients required additional intervention. Median (IQR) hospital stay was significantly longer in the medical group at 24 (12–24) hours versus 6(4–6) hours in the surgical group p<0.001. Conclusion From the current study findings, we concluded that there is no difference in safety between surgical and medical methods of abortion. This study demonstrates that surgical abortion can be used as a safe and effective alternative to medical abortion and should be offered equivalently with medical abortion, per the patient’s preference.
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Stewart, Matthew, Bridget Grahmann, Ariel Fillmore, and L. Scott Benson. "Rural Community Disaster Preparedness and Risk Perception in Trujillo, Peru." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 4 (April 11, 2017): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17006380.
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AbstractIntroductionDisasters will continue to occur throughout the world and it is the responsibility of the government, health care systems, and communities to adequately prepare for potential catastrophic scenarios. Unfortunately, low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) are especially vulnerable following a disaster. By understanding disaster preparedness and risk perception, interventions can be developed to improve community preparedness and avoid unnecessary mortality and morbidity following a natural disaster.ProblemThe purpose of this study was to assess disaster preparedness and risk perception in communities surrounding Trujillo, Peru.MethodsAfter designing a novel disaster preparedness and risk perception survey based on guidelines from the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC; Geneva, Switzerland), investigators performed a cross-sectional survey of potentially vulnerable communities surrounding Trujillo, Peru. Data were entered and analyzed utilizing the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap; Harvard Catalyst; Boston, Massachusetts USA) database.ResultsA total of 230 study participants were surveyed, composed of 37% males, 63% females, with ages ranging from 18-85 years old. Those surveyed who had previously experienced a disaster (41%) had a higher perception of future disaster occurrence and potential disaster impact on their community. Overall, the study participants consistently perceived that earthquakes and infection had the highest potential impact of all disasters. Twenty-six percent of participants had an emergency supply of food, 24% had an emergency water plan, 24% had a first aid kit at home, and only 20% of the study participants had an established family evacuation plan.ConclusionNatural and man-made disasters will remain a threat to the safety and health of communities in all parts of the world, especially within vulnerable communities in LMICs; however, little research has been done to identify disaster perception, vulnerability, and preparedness in LMIC communities. The current study established that selected communities near Trujillo, Peru recognize a high disaster impact from earthquakes and infection, but are not adequately prepared for potential future disasters. By identifying high-risk demographics, targeted public health interventions are needed to prepare vulnerable communities in the following areas: emergency food supplies, emergency water plan, medical supplies at home, and establishing evacuation plans.StewartM, GrahmannB, FillmoreA, BensonLS. Rural community disaster preparedness and risk perception in Trujillo, Peru. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(4):387–392.
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Mathews, M. S., J. Ospina, and S. Suzuki. "The Sacral Hiatus Approach for Drainage of Anterior Lumbo-Sacral Epidural Abscesses." Interventional Neuroradiology 17, no. 4 (December 2011): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/159101991101700414.
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Lumbosacral epidural abscesses are managed either conservatively with IV antibiotics or with open surgery, particularly in the presence of acute neurological symptoms. Their location makes it difficult for image-guided interventional approaches either for biopsy or evacuation. We report the sacral hiatus and canal as a corridor for image-guided minimally invasive abscess of lumbosacral epidural abscess for aspiration. A 56-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining of six weeks of worsening low back pain. MRI of the patient's lumbosacral spine showed osteomyelitis involving his L5, S1 vertebrae, L5-S1 discitis, as well as an anterior epidural abscess extending from L4–5 disc space to the S2 vertebral level. Blood cultures grew out gram-positive cocci. For drainage, a 5-French micropuncture kit was utilized to access the hiatus. Under fluoroscopic guidance a microwire was then advanced along the sacral canal. An 18-gauge needle curved to approximate the contours of the sacral canal was then advanced over the guidewire. Once anatomic access was established 2 ml of thick purulent material was aspirated. The patient tolerated the procedure well, and no focal nerve root symptoms were noted following the procedure. Image-guided aspiration of lumbosacral epidural abscesses can thus be carried out in a safe and effective manner using a sacral hiatus approach.
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Jaffe, Eli, Ziv Dadon, and Evan Avraham Alpert. "Wisdom of the Crowd in Saving Lives: The Life Guardians App." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, no. 5 (September 17, 2018): 550–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18000754.
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AbstractMulti-casualty incidents (MCIs) continue to occur throughout the world, whether they be mass shootings or natural disasters. Prehospital emergency services have done a professional job at stabilizing and transporting the victims to local hospitals. When there are multiple casualties, there may not be enough professional responders to care for the injured. Bystanders and organized volunteer first responders have often helped in extricating the victims, stopping the bleeding, and aiding in the evacuation of the victims. Magen David Adom (MDA translated as “Red Shield of David”), the national Emergency Medical Services (EMS) provider for Israel, has successfully introduced a program for volunteer first responders that includes both a mobile-phone-based application and appropriate life-saving equipment. Most of the responders, known as Life Guardians, are already medical professionals such as physicians, nurses, or off-duty medics. They are notified by a global positioning system application if there is a nearby life-threatening incident such as respiratory or cardiac arrest, major trauma, or an MCI. They are given a kit that includes a bag-valve mask device, oropharyngeal airways, tourniquets, and bandages. There are currently 17,000 Life Guardians, and in the first-half of 2017, they responded to 253 events.The Life Guardians are essentially an out-of-hospital manpower multiplier using a simple crowdsourcing application who have the necessary skills and equipment to treat those in cardiopulmonary arrest, or victims of trauma, including MCIs. Such a model can be integrated into other systems throughout the world to save lives.JaffeE, DadonZ, AlpertEA. Wisdom of the crowd in saving lives: the Life Guardians app. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(5):550–552.
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Chen, Chao Yi, Wei Xu, Yajun Dai, Weilan Xu, Chaojie Liu, Qunhong Wu, Lijun Gao, Zheng Kang, Yanhua Hao, and Ning Ning. "Household preparedness for emergency events: a cross-sectional survey on residents in four regions of China." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e032462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032462.
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ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess household preparedness for emergency events and its determinants in China.DesignA cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on 3541 households in China in 2015.ParticipantsHouseholds were selected using a stratified cluster sampling strategy, representing central, eastern, western and southern regions of China. The designed questionnaires were administered through face-to-face interviews.Outcome measuresHousehold emergency preparedness was measured with 14 indicators, tapping into the supply of nine emergency necessities (food and water, extra batteries, battery-powered radio, battery-operated torch, first-aid kit, gas mask, fire extinguisher, escape ropes, whistle), coverage of accident insurance, knowledge of local emergency response systems (emergency numbers, exit routes and shelters) and availability of a household evacuation plan. If an individual acted on 9 of the 14 indicators, they were deemed well prepared. Logistic regression models were established to identify predictors of well preparedness based on 3541 returned questionnaires containing no missing values.ResultsOnly 9.9% of households were well prepared for emergencies: 53.6% did not know what to do and 31.6% did not want to think about it. A higher level of preparedness was found in the respondents who have attained higher education (adjusted OR=0.826 compared with the higher level), participated in emergency training activities (adjusted OR=2.299), had better emergency knowledge (adjusted OR=2.043), reported less fate-submissiveness (adjusted OR=1.385) and more self-reliance (adjusted OR=1.349), prior exposure to emergency events (adjusted OR=1.280) and held more positive attitudes towards preparedness (adjusted OR=1.286).ConclusionHousehold preparedness for emergency events is poor in China. Lack of motivation, negative attitude to preparedness and knowledge shortfall are major but remediable barriers for household preparedness.
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Desantis, CET, CBCO, Donna L., Kendall A. Leser, PhD, and James D. Blando, PhD. "Baseline assessment of a potassium iodide distribution for nuclear power plant emergencies in the Canadian-United States border region." Journal of Emergency Management 18, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2020.0494.
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Objective: This study sought to evaluate resident demographics and resident understanding of the proper use of potassium iodide (KI) pills as a countermeasure in the event of a nuclear power plant emergency. We also described expected behaviors of community members in the event of a nuclear accident. Design: The study design utilized a cross-sectional survey with a validated written questionnaire. Subjects, Participants: The study subjects were Canadian residents living within the primary emergency planning zone of the Fermi 2 nuclear power reactor. There was a 77 percent participation rate (n = 180) in Amherst Point and 61 percent for Bois Blanc Island (commonly referred to as Bob-Lo Island) (n = 57).Main Outcome Measure(s): The primary study outcome measures were the number of knowledge-based questions survey respondents correctly answered about proper KI use (Ksum) and various behavior-based survey questions in the context of the extended parallel process model (EPPM).Results: Overall, we found that residents in general had a very low overall comprehension of proper KI use. We found that most resident demographics (eg, age, gender) did not significantly impact their knowledge of proper KI use but did find that households with children under 13 years of age tended to have higher comprehension scores than households without young children. Most residents reported that if they thought they were exposed to radiation they would go to the hospital or call 911 and few residents knew their evacuation routes, few were aware of the emergency siren, none knew where the reception center was located, and most did not have an emergency kit in their home. The majority of the survey respondents did indicate that they would evacuate if told to do so by their government.Conclusions: Public health outreach is crucial for KI distribution programs because of the overall low pre-existing comprehension in communities. Also, hospitals and 911 must be prepared to deal with higher volume of residents seeking help should an accident occur.
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Choi, Seung hyun, Ho yong Jung, and Myung sik Do. "Analysis of Pedestrian Evacuation Behaviors by the Evacuation Information Scenarios Using Social Force Model: Focusing on Sejong City." Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems 17, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12815/kits.2018.17.1.31.
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Kim, Joo young, Seung jae Lee, and Chi won Ahn. "A Study on the Indoor Evacuation Using Matsim." Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems 17, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12815/kits.2018.17.2.18.
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You, So-Young, and Eunbi Jeong. "Optimal Deployment for Evacuation Safety Zone at Intermodal Transfer Station." Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems 18, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12815/kits.2019.18.1.27.
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Do, Myungsik. "Estimation of Vehicles Evacuation Time by using Lane-based Routing Method." Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems 12, no. 6 (December 30, 2013): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12815/kits.2013.12.6.029.
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Noh, Yunseung, and Myungsik Do. "Determination of Emergency Evacuation Roads Considering Road Network Function and Connectivity." Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems 13, no. 6 (December 30, 2014): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12815/kits.2014.13.6.034.
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Bashir, Aladdin, Omar Daraghma, Zbigniew Brzeziński, Dawid Imiełowski, Piotr Daszkiewicz, Witold Gwoźdź, Jerzy Stupała, Paweł Tomaszewski, and Jacek Kaperczak. "Video-assisted thoracic surgery in hemothorax evacuation after cardiac surgery or cardiac interventions." Polish Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 3 (2017): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/kitp.2017.70528.
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You, So-young, Rea-hyuck Jung, and Jin-hyuck Chung. "An Analysis on Evacuation Scenario at Metro-stations using Pedestrian Movement-based Simulation Model." Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems 15, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12815/kits.2016.15.2.036.
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Yang, L. Z., D. L. Zhao, J. Li, and T. Y. Fang. "Simulation of the kin behavior in building occupant evacuation based on Cellular Automaton." Building and Environment 40, no. 3 (March 2005): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.08.005.
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Rumalla, Kavelin, Kyle A. Smith, Vijay Letchuman, Mrudula Gandham, Rachana Kombathula, and Paul M. Arnold. "Nationwide incidence and risk factors for posttraumatic seizures in children with traumatic brain injury." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 22, no. 6 (December 2018): 684–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.6.peds1813.
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OBJECTIVEPosttraumatic seizures (PTSs) are the most common complication following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may lead to posttraumatic epilepsy. PTS is well described in the adult literature but has not been studied extensively in children. Here, the authors utilized the largest nationwide registry of pediatric hospitalizations to report the national incidence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with PTS in pediatric TBI.METHODSThe authors queried the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) using ICD-9-CM codes to identify all patients (age < 21 years) who had a primary diagnosis of TBI (850.xx–854.xx) and a secondary diagnosis of PTS (780.33, 780.39). Parameters of interest included patient demographics, preexisting comorbidities, hospital characteristics, nature of injury (open/closed), injury type (concussion, laceration/contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, or epidural hematoma), loss of consciousness (LOC), surgical management (Clinical Classification Software code 1 or 2), discharge disposition, in-hospital complications, and in-hospital mortality. The authors utilized the IBM SPSS statistical package (version 24) for univariate comparisons, as well as the identification of independent risk factors for PTS in multivariable analysis (alpha set at < 0.05).RESULTSThe rate of PTS was 6.9% among 124,444 unique patients hospitalized for TBI. The utilization rate of continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) was 0.3% and increased between 2003 (0.1%) and 2012 (0.7%). The most common etiologies of TBI were motor vehicle accident (n = 50,615), accidental fall (n = 30,847), and blunt trauma (n = 13,831). However, the groups with the highest rate of PTS were shaken infant syndrome (41.4%), accidental falls (8.1%), and cycling accidents (7.4%). In multivariable analysis, risk factors for PTS included age 0–5 years (compared with 6–10, 11–15, and 16–20 years), African American race (OR 1.4), ≥ 3 preexisting comorbidities (OR 4.0), shaken infant syndrome (OR 4.4), subdural hematoma (OR 1.6), closed-type injury (OR 2.3), brief LOC (OR 1.4), moderate LOC (OR 1.5), and prolonged LOC with baseline return (OR 1.8). Surgically managed patients were more likely to experience PTS (OR 1.5) unless they were treated within 24 hours of admission (OR 0.8). PTS was associated with an increased likelihood of in-hospital complications (OR 1.7) and adverse (nonroutine) discharge disposition (OR 1.2), but not in-hospital mortality (OR 0.5). The overall utilization rate of cEEG was 1.3% in PTS patients compared with 0.2% in patients without PTS. Continuous EEG monitoring was associated with higher rates of diagnosed PTS (35.4% vs 6.8%; OR 4.9, p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSPTS is common in children with TBI and is associated with adverse outcomes. Independent risk factors for PTS include younger age (< 5 years), African American race, increased preexisting comorbidity, prolonged LOC, and injury pattern involving cortical exposure to blood products. However, patients who undergo urgent surgical evacuation are less likely to develop PTS.
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Wijesekara, N. W. A. N. Y., A. Wedamulla, K. Thirumagal, K. A. L. C. Kodituwakku, A. N. H. Mendis, W. K. W. Perera, and G. R. Gajanayake. "Pregnant Mother and Baby Kits in Disaster Response: The Case Study of 2018 Floods in North of Sri Lanka." International Journal of Community Resilience, January 9, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51595/11111111.
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Pregnant mothers and neonates represent two important vulnerable groups in the aftermath of disasters. During population displacement due to floods in the North of Sri Lanka in 2018, there was a need to provide pregnant mother and baby kits to the affected pregnant mothers close to delivery and neonatal kits for the infants. This case study describes the efforts of the health sector in the provision of pregnant mother and baby kits with the support of well-wishers in the aftermath of floods. The need for pregnant mother and baby kits and the lack of prepositioned kits were reconfirmed. A list of items in the pregnant mother and baby kit was obtained. The necessary items were procured through voluntary subscription by well-wishers and assembled into kits in Colombo. Twenty-five maternity and neonatal kits procured and gathered through the voluntary subscription by volunteers were dispatched to the affected areas within 24 hours of the receipt of the request. The above action was mirrored by the Asia Pacific Alliance for Disaster Management (APAD). Stockpiling pregnant mother and baby kits even in small numbers in hospitals, getting into a memorandum of understanding with suitable stakeholders for urgent supply in disasters, and family level preparedness to take with them the pregnant mother and baby kit during flood evacuation are recommended.
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Ishoso, Daniel Katuashi, Antoinette Tshefu, Thérèse Delvaux, Michèle Dramaix, Guy Mukumpuri, and Yves Coppieters. "Effects of implementing a postabortion care strategy in Kinshasa referral hospitals, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Reproductive Health 18, no. 1 (April 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01130-x.
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Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effects of the implementation of a postabortion care (PAC) strategy in Kinshasa referral hospitals, this study analyzed the quality of postabortion care services, including postabortion contraception, and the duration of hospitalization. Methodology We estimated the effects of the PAC strategy using a quasi-experimental study by evaluating the outcomes of 334 patients with the diagnosis of a complication of induced abortion admitted to 10 hospitals in which the PAC strategy was implemented compared to the same outcomes in 314 patients with the same diagnosis admitted to 10 control facilities from 01/01/2016 to 12/31/2018. In response to government policy, the PAC strategy included the treatment of abortion complications with recommended uterine evacuation technology, the family planning counseling and service provision, linkages with other reproductive health services, including STI evaluation and HIV counseling and/or referral for testing, and partnerships between providers and communities. The information was collected using a questionnaire and stored using open data kit software. We supplemented this information with data abstracted from patient records, facility registries of gynecological obstetrical emergencies, and family planning registries. We analyzed data and developed regression models using STATA15. Thus, we compared changes in use of specific treatments and duration of hospitalization using a "difference-in-differences" analysis. Results The implementation of PAC strategy in Kinshasa referral hospitals has resulted in the utilization of WHO recommended uterine evacuation method MVA (29.3% more in the experimental structures, p = 0.025), a non-significant decline in sharp-curettage (19.3% less, p = 0.132), and a decline in the duration of hospitalization of patients admitted for PAC (1 day less, p = 0.020). We did not observe any change in the use of PAC services, mortality, and the provision of post abortion contraception. Conclusion Despite significant improvement in the management of PAC, the uptake in WHO approved technology—namely MVA, and the duration of hospitalization, these outcomes while a significant improvement for DRC, indicate that additional quality improvement strategies for management of PAC and risk-mitigating strategies to reduce barriers to care are required.
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Heagele, Tara N., Charleen C. McNeill, Lavonne M. Adams, and Danita M. Alfred. "Household Emergency Preparedness Instrument Development: A Delphi Study." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, November 20, 2020, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.292.
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Abstract Objective: The main objective of this research was to generate a consensus on the conceptual definition of household emergency preparedness from experts representing multiple disciplines and countries, in order to facilitate the development of an all-hazards, comprehensive, valid, and reliable instrument. Methods: Questions were generated via 3 methods: literature search, using existing instruments, and expert panels using the Delphi technique. Results: Panelists (n = 154) representing 36 countries came to a consensus that household emergency preparedness is defined as the completion of several preparedness actions and assembling a kit that can be transported in an evacuation. The new 51-question instrument demonstrates face, content, and criterion validity and internal consistency reliability (α = 0.96). The instrument assesses whether specific preparedness actions have been taken, and the presence or absence of essential supplies that could enable households to safely endure conditions that disasters would likely present (loss of power, water limitations, and/or lack of access to additional supplies for a few days). Conclusion: A valid and reliable instrument provides researchers with a replicable approach to assessment of preparedness levels, which is necessary to plan mitigation strategies, enhance health promotion, prevent injuries, and increase resilience for individuals and communities. The instrument can provide evidence to support interventions addressing health needs of community members following a disaster.
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Bell, Sue Anne, Dianne Singer, Erica Solway, Mattias Kirch, Jeffrey Kullgren, and Preeti Malani. "Predictors of Emergency Preparedness Among Older Adults in the United States." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, June 1, 2020, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.80.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: Emergency preparedness becomes more important with increased age, as older adults are at heightened risk for harm from disasters. In this study, predictors of preparedness actions and confidence in preparedness among older adults in the United States were assessed. Methods: This nationally representative survey polled community-dwelling older adults ages 50-80 y (n = 2256) about emergency preparedness and confidence in addressing different types of emergencies. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of reported emergency preparedness actions and confidence in addressing emergencies. Results: Participants’ mean age was 62.4 y (SD = 8); 52% were female, and 71% were non-Hispanic white. Living alone was associated with lower odds of having a 7-d supply of food and water (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56-0.96), a stocked emergency kit (aOR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47-0.86), and having had conversations with family or friends about evacuation plans (aOR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.44-0.78). Use of equipment requiring electricity was associated with less confidence in addressing a power outage lasting more than 24 h (aOR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.47-0.94), as was use of mobility aids (OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.45-0.93). Conclusions: These results point to the need for tailored interventions to support emergency preparedness for older adults, particularly among those who live alone and use medical equipment requiring electricity.
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Kuzucuoglu, Alpaslan Hamdi. "GIS for School Libraries Emergency Planning." IASL Annual Conference Proceedings, May 11, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/iasl7138.
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are a means of providing great contributions to users in decision making processes based on location. It presents the information to the users serves and provides data collecting, storing, processing, managing, analyzing, querying. GIS ensures that a lot of data are layered on the architectural plans of school libraries. A data that is not well evaluated due to the data intensity in the analysis studies may prevent both the delay and the accuracy of the desired diagnosis for solution. For this reason, GIS technology is used in places where intensive data usage. GIS, which has been started to be used by different disciplines together with technological developments, enables the storage and processing of all kinds of data to be analyzed. It is a system consisting of necessary hardware and software and users for these processes. It is a tool that enables effective management of data. Complex data is easily analyzed by users in a database by GIS software. It is also concerned with the association of spatial data and non-graphical (verbal) data. GIS is able to compare measurement results successfully according to conventional measurement evaluation methods. There are also a number of projects where GIS has been implemented in interior areas. School libraries can also serve in many areas or more than one floor. The GIS layers must be shown on floor plans as emergency exit doors, location of emergency intervention tools (fire extinguisher, fire hose, hydrant, fire alarm buttons, electric panel, gas valve, first aid kit etc.), nearest emergency service centers (fire brigade, police, ambulance, etc.), evacuation routes leading to emergency assembly area, external, main and service ladders, building non structural materials. As there are many people in schools and school libraries as a number of users, in case of fire, their evacuation must also be fast. GIS will also provide effective planning for rapid evacuation of schools and school libraries. Digital data obtained from service providers such as municipalities, water, natural gas companies can also be used as separated GIS layers. All building elements in the building can be classified in different colors and typologies for each floor (Balcony, wall, threshold, hall, stairs, room, window, shelves etc.). Emergency lighting kits should be installed in school libraries. Sensors, which are part of the fire alarm system, must also be located in the GIS layers. Furniture and furnishings used in the floors can also be shown on the GIS. Routes to be used by disabled users in emergency situations should be specified in these plans and physical arrangements such as ramps should be implemented. Area names in the school and in the school library should also be included in the GIS layers. The joint meetings should be held with the school library experts working in this field in the world, problems should be discussed, national and international networks should be established.
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Juvekar, Meenesh, and Baisali Sarkar. "Guidelines for otorhinolaryngologists and head neck surgeons in coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic." Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology 37, no. 1 (February 17, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43163-021-00082-0.
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Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 was first identified in Wuhan, the capital of China’s Hubei province, in December 2019. India has witnessed a massive surge of coronavirus cases. Main text This study details the measures to be taken by the clinicians involved in doing otorhinolaryngology and head neck surgery in light of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. All COVID-positive patients should be admitted in a separate COVID ward, and patients should be screened for COVID-19 before admission. Only emergent ENT surgeries should be done in an operating room having a negative pressure environment with high-frequency air changes, and all staff must wear personal protective equipment. The anesthetist intubates the patient while the surgical team waits outside the operation theater post-intubation for 21 min. For otology surgery, double draping of the microscope should be done; for rhinology surgery, concept of negative-pressure otolaryngology viral isolation drape (NOVID) system should be used. Smoke evacuation system is set up inside the tent to evacuate any smoke produced during the surgery. Tracheostomy should be done at least after 10 days of mechanical ventilation with cuffed, non-fenestrated tracheal tube inserted through the tracheal window, and a separate closed suction system is used for suctioning. After the surgery is completed, disposal of PPE kit needs to be done according to local guidelines. After completion of the surgery, the full anesthesia unit should be disinfected for 2 h with 12 % hydrogen peroxide. Chlorine-containing disinfectant (2000 mg/L) is used to clean the floor of the operation theater and clean all the reusable medical equipment. Ultra-low volume 20 to 30 mL/m of 3% hydrogen peroxide is used to fumigate the OT for 2 h. Conclusions COVID-19 is a newly discovered infectious disease. Measures need to be taken to prevent transmission and attain a plateau and decline in the disease. Otorhinolaryngologists and head neck surgeons are at high risk of this infection. This review summarizes the protocol for otorhinolaryngologists and head neck surgeons caring for patients in this current scenario. Protocols need to be strictly followed to prevent the spread of this disease.
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"Erratum to "Comparison of the Indications and Treatment Results of Burr-Hole Drainage at the Maximal Thickness Area versus Twist-Drill Craniostomy at the Pre-Coronal Point for the Evacuation of Symptomatic Chronic Subdural Hematomas" by Kim GH, et al. (J Korean Neurosurg Soc 56 : 243-247, 2014)." Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 56, no. 5 (2014): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2014.56.5.453.
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Sulz, David. "Torn Apart: The Internment Diary of Mary Kobayashi, Vancouver, British Columbia, 1941 by S. Aihoshi." Deakin Review of Children's Literature 3, no. 3 (January 23, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.20361/g2vg7w.
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Aihoshi, Susan. Torn Apart: The Internment Diary of Mary Kobayashi, Vancouver, British Columbia, 1941. Toronto: Scholastic Canada, 2012. Print.Admittedly, my long-standing interest in, and familiarity with, Japanese-Canadian history initially made leery, but I now highly recommend this book for anyone from teenagers up (not just Scholastic’s “older girls” target). It deftly handles a transformational episode in the evolution of Canada as we know it today. It manages to encompass complexity, avoids being preachy, and fairly represents a young voice who understands the seriousness of the situation but is still a kid, after all.Torn Apart is a recent installment of Scholastic’s Dear Canada series of fictional girls’ diaries set during important historical events. My main concern with the book (and series premise) is that distinctions between primary and secondary sources in history are difficult enough to introduce to novice historians without confusing the issue with skillfully-executed, fictional diaries of fictional people. One has to dig deeply to realize this is not an actual diary from a real person (i.e. primary source). On the other hand, it does give a sense of what historians work with in primary documents - the mysterious references, the days with nothing written, the big events missed because they weren’t part of the individual’s experience - while also giving an excellent and comprehensive overview of this complicated historical situation. The treatment of Japanese-Canadians in world war two is complicated. We may look back on it with dismay, embarrassment, and disbelief that it ever happened in our multicultural Canada but it highlights that our so-called multiculturalism is actually quite recent and, indeed, not fully complete. There may be temptations by some to treat the “evacuation” or “internment” as an anomaly or, conversely, as proof of a wholly racist culture, but Susan Aihoshi manages to capture elements of both extremes. Racism (or maybe ethnocentrism) was a common theme in political discourse in the Canada (and especially British Columbia) of the day and sticks out in surviving sources such as contemporary newspaper accounts, parliamentary debates, and speeches. At the individual level, however, many “white” or “hakujin” or non-Japanese Canadians were just as baffled by the reaction against fellow citizens who were as Canadian as they were; they were probably equally baffled by their own reactions to the hysteria and propaganda of war. Aihoshi does well to capture the individual antagonisms as well as individual friendships. Extremely importantly, she deals head-on with distinctions between actions of the Japanese at war in Asia (and as a possible threat to North America) and the reality of Japanese-Canadians far removed from that Japan.Although serious, the book is not dark and there are many light moments. I particularly enjoyed some the references that will be obscure to many modern readers, those not from the West Coast, or those unfamiliar with this history. This is a positive feature that lends a sense of realism to the account since anything from 73 years ago will obviously have unfamiliar references. Sometimes authors go overboard in forcing such references but Aihoshi does not. Just a few examples are Maple Buds, the milkman, Pat Bay, and Revels.I do wonder if the glossary and maps would be better placed at the beginning of the novel as many readers may not find them in the traditional location (i.e. at the end) until it’s too late. Also, the rough-cut, outer page edges may lend a feeling of diary authenticity, but do make page turning and flipping difficult. My leeriness was also allayed by Dr. Michiko Midge Ayukawa being listed in the acknowledgements as the historical consultant. She has been an inspiration to me for many reasons, including her passion for life-long learning. She started a B.A. in History after retiring from a career as a scientist in her 60s then continued on to complete an M.A. and PhD in History, particularly Japanese-Canadian history. Sadly, in writing this review I discovered she passed away in October 2013. It is a great loss and if this book passed through her expert hands, it is worth reading!Recommended: 4 out of 4 starsReviewer: David SulzDavid is a Public Services Librarian at University of Alberta and liaison librarian to Economics, Religious Studies, and Social Work. He has university studies in Library Studies, History, Elementary Education, Japanese, and Economics; he formerly taught in schools and museums. His interests include physical activity, music, home improvements, and above all, things Japanese.