Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Evaluation d'utilisabilité de l'environnement'
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Nguyen, Van Hanh. "Apport de la réalité virtuelle pour la rééducation fonctionnelle." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00550965.
Full textDassonville, Claire. "Evaluation de l'environnement domestique de nouveau-nés franciliens." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P618.
Full textThe aim of our study was to estimate the levels of biological contaminants and chemical pollutants in the indoor air and then to identify their determinants. We carried out an environmental study in 196 dwellings of newborn babies recruited from a birth cohort, combining questionnaire and repeated measurements. Biological contaminants concentrations (endotoxins, fungi, house dust mites) were low, close to background level. As for aldehydes, levels were in line with previous studies. Analysis also helped to highlight the housing factors associated with aldehyde concentrations in homes: apart from comfort and aeration parameters, the main indoor aldehyde sources were either continuous (age and type of building materials and coverings), or discontinuous (smoking, use of air fresheners and cleaning products, DIY. . . ). However not possible for airborne biological contaminants, the extrapolation of theses models to the whole infants’ cohort may be interesting for aldehydes
Dieng, Mountakha. "Evaluation des contraintes thermomécaniques dans un packaging plastique pour l'environnement spatial." Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO4002.
Full textOrganics materials such as PCB and glob top are increasingly used in space equipment to reduce the cost and weight by replacing the micro and macros packaging with non-hermetic packaging. The work developed in this report deals with the thermo-mechanical stresses of packaging plastics in a space environment. In this context we interested on th study of materials, satellite environment and its associated stress. The multi-physics numerical tool, ANSYS allows predict the behavior of plastic packaging and identify new design rules. We worked on various structures, studied the stress more complex structures such as an LNA module with bonding wire of encapsulated in resin, and CSP packaging components. Finally, we set up a thermo-mechanical bench measurement which is able to measure the deflection of assembled materials using a camera and control software. These measurements allow the cross-validation with the simulation results
Duong, Viet-Long. "Evaluation du risque potentiel sur l'environnement lors de la réhabilitation d'un site pollué." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824830.
Full textRousval, B. "Aide multicritère à l'évaluation de l'impact des transports sur l'environnement." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543658.
Full textBennia, Fatiha. "Le risque cardiovasculaire : l'environnement de diffusion des facteurs de risque modifiables." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5060/document.
Full textHealth is a dynamic and multifactor construction which has both an individual and a social dimension. The latter may have a direct or indirect effect on the behaviour of individuals and their life choices. The Framingham study has revealed that cardiovascular risk is multifactorial and, as such, its estimate should be global. However, the assessment of global cardiovascular risk methods do not take into account the living environment of individuals, which would factor the development of modifiable risk factors. Through this work, we highlight the characteristics of the environment of dissemination of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors: metabolic and behavioural. Since decades, the North region of France has, for cardiovascular diseases, a high level of global and premature mortality. We are asked about the determinants of the situation of this region, by comparing it to other French regions and by exploring the link between a high cardiovascular risk and an unfavourable economic situation. Thus, we are interested in the link between the distribution of cardiovascular risk and the distribution of income, using normative criteria based on the concept of expected social dominance in terms of poverty. Shedding a light on factors favouring the occurrence of cardiovascular problems and analyzing the knowledge about the individual’s life environment allows a better understanding of the mechanisms of diffusion of the modifiable risk factors, with a double objective to lower the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and to reduce the social inequalities in health
Cornago, Elisabetta. "Essays on Environmental Policy: Design and Evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/283202.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Zhang, Li. "La prise en compte des objectifs de protection de l'environnement dans le droit de l'urbanisme en Chine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D030.
Full textThis thesis aims to answer the question that if the law of planification of China, really takes account of the objectives of environmental protection. The answer is based on, first of all, the reform of system of land ownership. This thesis cracks the problemby two approaches: the state and collective property right. The first part of the analysisis macro-perspective, i.e., the course of land reform (direct link of the development ofurbanization) and the land users. In general, the state remains the sole owner of all the land and delegates the local governments to manage the use of land in China. However, the high interest undermines their roles, and degradation of environment in the process of urbanization continues. Based on this observation, we analyzed their administration, i.e., who are exactly the actors and how the powers are shared. The lack of transparency and independence is in its structure, i.e., they have ambitions to have a good protection but the conflict appears frequently. In the further part, micro-vision was employed. We focused on the regulations of planification, procedures and formalities that is deeply involved. In fact, we find that the volume of law was expanded and a need of consolidation is urgent for the coherence, accessibility and understanding of law. Then it follows the analysis of two procedures: the procedure of environmental assessment as well as participation. These procedures are the practical implementation of the consideration of the environment. The fact is that rapid urbanization resulted in a reconfiguration of the urban space, and the appearance of avariety of interests. The degradation of environment, coupled with the importance of urbanization has become a challenge to governance. People realized more and more issues related to housing, welfare and citizenship. This forces the government to change their policies and acts.From different points of views- historical, political, administrative, legal andsocial- this research determines how a better environmental protection can play in law of planification. The reforms are envisaged, and there are still problems: the harmonization and consistency of the regulations, the clarity of the law for his efficiency and law security, the improvement of the process. Contrary to what isreceived, the government has intention to solve this question, as demonstrated by hisconsistency to innovation and reform in the field. At the present, planification, rather than a method of protection, works for the growth of the economy. Due to the lack of effective regulation, the real consideration of environment is still very limited
Madeline, Maryline. "Evaluation du risque sanitaire (parasitaire et virologique) des boues résiduaires urbaines en agriculture et des eaux épurées dans l'environnement." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN4060.
Full textFeng, Chenpeng. "A study on DEA-based environmental performance evaluation and quota allocation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLE028/document.
Full textThe environmental problems have drawn academia’s attention for a long time. This thesis focuses on environmental performance evaluation and quota allocation, which are two crucial issues of the environmental problems. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a mathematical programming tool to evaluate the relative efficiencies of decision making units (DMUs). Specifically, the techniques such as zero sum gains (ZSG) DEA models, centralized DEA models and the uniform frontier are used in environmental performance evaluation and quota allocation. Nevertheless, the ZSG-DEA models in the literature are nonlinear ones, which bring up bottlenecks in real application. In addition, the uniform frontier proposed by Gomes and Lins (2008) can only allocate single undesirable output under variable returns-to-scale (VRS) assumption and it pays no attention to the overall interest, while the centralized models merely concentrate on the overall interest and ignore individual ones.This thesis mainly consists of three works about two topics. The first topic (Chapter 3) focuses on environmental performance evaluation. For the first time, the existing ZSG-DEA models are transformed into linear or parametric linear ones through objective substitution and analytical properties. Then the linearized models are adopted to evaluate the environmental efficiencies of 30 administrative regions in China. The second topic focuses on quota allocation of undesirable outputs with consideration of the individual interests (Chapter 4) or the overall and individual interests (Chapter 5). Two improved ZSG-DEA models under VRS and constant returns-to-scale (CRS) assumptions are proposed to overcome the infeasibility of the existing models. As the uniform frontier plays an important role in resource allocation, based on the analyses of models’ properties, an iterative algorithm is devised to calculate the quota allocation plan when all the DMUs form a uniform frontier. Then the algorithm is tested by an empirical study of allocating the quotas of three industrial wastes for 30 administrative regions in China. Finally, Chapter 5 develops a novel two-step method of allocating carbon emissions abatement (CEA). In the empirical example, the proposed method is applied to the CEAs allocation for the countries in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
DUSI, JACQUES. "Realisation d'un radar continu a modulation de frequence pour l'aide a la reconnaissance de l'environnement. Evaluation des methodes polarimetriques et d'imagerie sar." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066318.
Full textMekki, Maha. "Evaluation des méthodes appliquées à l'analyse électromagnétique des systèmes radioélectriques très hautes fréquences embarqués dans l'environnement automobile : application : radar anticollision à 76ghz." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066225.
Full textRoffeis, Martin. "Implementing Insect Production in Agricultural Value Chains: An ex-ante life cycle evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/285521.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
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DORN, STEINMETZ CELINE. "Evaluation de la contamination diffuse de l'environnement par les pesticides : mise au point d'une technique analytique multiresiduelle sur une eau de surface chargee." Strasbourg 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR15006.
Full textMartinez, Sylvain. "Evaluation du coût global d'un produit par le couplage de ses performances environnemnetales et économiques." Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0013.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyze the economic aspects of eco-design, so as to develop tools with the purpose of initiating a discussion between the people in charge of eco-design, top management and financial executives, as well as developing a business case for customers. If eco-design can improve the ecological footprint of a product, by acting directly at the design stage, the additional costs are usually the only elements visible at first. Eco-design couples an intelligent and an ecological redesign; it is thus possible that a eco-designed product will yield economic gains at one or all of the life cycle stages of for society as a whole. Conversely if its global cost is higher than the cost of a standard product, one can legitimately want to know what stages of the life cycle are concerned. This thesis proposes a methodology which combines tools which provide answers to these questions, by comparing a standard product with an eco-designed one. The following tools are combined with each other: manufacturing cost calculations, life cycle costing, life cycle analysis, external cost evaluation. The methodology was tested on two Schneider Electric products: an insulating tie rod, and a medium voltage circuit breaker. For each case study, a standard product was compared to an eco-designed one
Sy, Mouhamadou Moustapha. "Analyse d'incertitude en situation accidentelle : transfert de radionucléides dans l'environnement et évaluation de l'exposition humaine par voie alimentaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4313/document.
Full textRisk assessment, in case of nuclear emergency, is confronted to uncertainties on the transfer of radioactive substances in terrestrial ecosystems and to human population through the food chain, which could affect the reliability of decisions. The extent of the repercussions of Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents highlighted the difficulty of managing the consequences of such disasters and specifically to accommodate the different sources of uncertainty within decision-making processes. The objective of this research is to develop a methodology to account for uncertainties within environmental and food risk assessment models to improve decision support tools used for accidental situations. Different hierarchical Bayesian models aiming at capturing, within a unique modelling framework, uncertainty and variability about radioecological parameters of great importance for accidental situation were developed. Models parameters were estimated by Bayesian inference applied on databases obtained by an extended literature review. The impact on the risk assessment models of uncertainties about these radioecological parameters was then assessed by stochastic simulations and sensitivity analyses applied on two case-studies: a hypothetical accident simulating a standardized deposition of radionuclides and the accident of Fukushima nuclear power plant. The works developed in this project contribute to enhance knowledge on key processes governing environmental transfer of radionuclides and to improve the parameterization of the radioecological risk assessment models with respect to the research lines outlined by the scientific community in radioecology
Aoustin, Tristan. "L'évaluation environnementale des plans et programmes : Vers l'ouverture d'un cadre stratégique au pilier procédural du droit de l'environnement." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0142/document.
Full textThe Environmental Impact Assessment has proven itself as a tool for prevention of environmental damage and as a tool for public information and participatory democracy. However, experience gained in the implementation of the Directive EIA of 27 June 1985 and of the Espoo Convention of 25 February 1991, has quickly highlighted that in many cases, environmental assessment intervened too late in the decision making process, at a stage where the possibilities for significant changes are limited, so that it is possible to doubt the existence of an impartial administrative authorization taking full account of any impact assessment on the environment and public comments since the responsible political authorities have already decided clearly in favor of a project. You had to go further, because it is in fact at the level of strategic options that structural choices, often irreversible, are carried out, in other words at the level of documents such as town and country planning, to mention only the most current. That's why were adopted Directive SEA of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of certain plans and programs on the environment, as well as the Kiev Protocol of May 2003 on "Strategic Environmental Assessment", two very ambitious texts concerning a large pan of decision making in the public sector. It is also, only after having carefully determined the scope of the procedure and many difficulties it raises, it will then be possible to appreciate, in a more circumspect way, the "strategic" contributions or legal perspectives of the new requirement, the French ten years experience and a groping transposition, revealing in this regard that the path could still be long to go before full compliance with European and UN constraints
Cordahi, Khoury Marlène. "Evaluation technique et économique de différentes solutions pour le confort thermique et la réduction de la consommation énergétique dans le bâtiment au Liban." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1334.
Full textEnergy use intensity in lebanon is comparably high with other contries in the middle east, and its primary supply is almost totally dependent on imported combustibles. Excessive use of energy constitutes an economic burden on both the government and the end consumers. In the field of energy, the government is recently taking an initiative to co-ordinate the various concerned parties' efforts and to establish bodies to enable integrated resources planning. In addition, this form of energy use is a cause of environnemental degradation originating from thermal energy plants and transportation sector mainly, which emit green house gases (ghg), basic causative agents of global warming. Lebanon consumes around 5000 ktoe as a primary energy. 97% of this is imported, mainly as polluting oil products. The remaining 3% of the energy consumption only is renewable energy. In addition, the energy intensity in the country is over 0,62 toe/1000usd, which is 2,2 times higher than in developing countries despite the low consumption per capita and a structure of an economic sector based on light industries. All this is due to a lack of a national politic for a rational use of energy and especially in transport. This project aims to evaluate solutions to minimize the annual consumption of energy and the improvement of comfort in a residential apartment on the lebanese coast. An existing apartment in a current floor will be chosen in a well defined environment. Different kind of passive insulation will be introduced and their impact on the energy consumption will be studied. Additional equipments on the heating system will be also evaluated
Lehtonen, Markku. "Environmental policy evaluation in the service of sustainable development : influence of the OECD environmental performance reviews from the perspective of institutional economics." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS021S.
Full textThis thesis examines what consequences, through which pathways, and under which circumstances, does country-level environmental policy evaluation, carried out by an intergovernmental organisation, have for institutional change towards sustainable development. The philosophical and theoretical frameworks of institutional economics are proposed as the lens through which to assess experiences from evaluation research. This is done in order to elaborate a conceptual framework for analysing the approach, the impact and the factors conditioning the influence of environmental policy evaluation in the context of sustainable development. The OECD Environmental Performance Review programme is examined through an in-depth qualitative case study approach. It is found that in spite of engendering relatively modest interest among the public, the reviews increase the legitimacy of environmental policies and authorities, and strengthen a performance-oriented environmental policy emphasising evaluation, monitoring and cost-effectiveness. These impacts operate through four parallel pathways, representing the purposes of learning and accountability. The type and intensity of influence depends on the capacity of the reviews to mobilise key change agents and to be sensitive to the context, as well as on the credibility and political weight of the OECD in the reviewed country. It is concluded that notwithstanding the distance of the prevailing OECD conception of sustainability from the institutionalist principles adopted as the benchmark for the appraisal in this thesis, the reviews contribute meaningfully to sustainable development by redressing asymmetries of power, thereby improving some of the conditions for deliberative democracy
Risch, Anna. "Environment and energy : analysis and evaluation of public policies." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENA027/document.
Full textIn the context of growing concerns for climate change, the objective of this dissertation is to bring some insights on two environmental issues. The first one deals with the question of whether environmental policies are efficient enough to significantly decrease greenhouse gases emissions and energy consumption and the second one concerns the way households’ well-being is affected by environmental changes. France committed to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and energy consumption in residential sector. In a first time, we study the determinants of residential energyconsumption in France. An in-depth understanding of energy consumption is needed to design adequate energy policies and achieve a low-carbon society. We show that to improve buildings' energy efficiency, the challenge is to induce households to undertake renovations and to adopt energy-saving equipments. This is the objective of public policies, such as tax credit or subsidies. We evaluate in a second time the impact of these measures, using a simulation model. The results show that while current policies are effective, they are not sufficient to reach the objectives. Finally, we focus on the impact of the tax credit on households’ behavior. The impact of the measure on renovation rate is very low compared to its cost and this is partially due to free riding. Emerging countries are more exposed to climate disasters than developed ones. Therefore, the most important concern in emerging countries is to find a way to limit the consequences of climate change. In this context, our objective is to understand how deforestation, that increases fuel scarcity, affects population. We focus on women, living in rural India. We show that fuel scarcity increases the probability for women to be involved in natural resource collection. Through this, it has a negative effect on the labor force participation, especially on family business and wage activities
Kastyuchik, Alexey. "Evaluation of alkaline electro-activated water and eggshell as acid mine drainage neutralization and mine tailing remediation agents." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26072.
Full textThis study aimed to investigate the capacity of a calcite biowaste alone or mixed with alkaline chemical materials and the efficiency of the electro-activation process in neutralizing acidity and maintaining alkaline conditions in a sulfide mine tailing (SMT). In a first set of experiments, chicken eggshell residue (CES) alone (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) or mixed with cement concrete (1 – 2%), MgO (1 – 2%), calcitic limestone (1 – 2%) or dolomitic limestone (1 – 2%) was used to neutralize sulfide mine tailing (SMT) acidity and to precipitate trace metallic elements. The highest rate of CES (10%) increased the initial tailing pH value from 2.61 (without amendment) to 7.24, indicating that CES had sufficient lime value to increase the pH of acid SMT. However, the SMT samples mixed with either CES + cement (1 – 2%) or CES + MgO (1 – 2%) had a high pH (≥ 8). The results suggested that magnesium compounds and calcareous products rich in hydroxides, oxides and carbonates present in limed SMT would provide long-term protection against acid deposition or re-acidification of limed SMT. In a second set of experiments, several trials were carried out to assess the effectiveness of electro-activation process composed by two compartments, anode and cathode, under different electric, geometrical, quantitative and qualitative parameters, in neutralizing acidity and maintaining alkaline conditions in a SMT alone or mixed with CES introduced into the cathode compartment. All treatments significantly influenced the pHcatholyte. The results demonstrated that electro-activation process is capable of neutralizing the acidity of RMS alone or mixed with COP and also to achieve alkaline pH conditions (pHcatholyte 8.0 – 10.0). In addition, the electro- activation process using three compartments can remove up to 80% of ferrous iron from an aqueous FeSO4·7H2O solution.
Rocher, Philippe. "Evaluation de la biocorrosion et de la biocompatibilité d'alliages dentaires avec une attention particulière pour un alliage NiTi superélastique." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL2S023.
Full textThe nickel-titanium alloys (NiTi) are more and more used in the biomedical field; in odontology, particularly in orthodontics and endodontics, but also in vascular surgery. This alloys present memory shape and superelasticity properties. Their compositions are close to an equiatomic mixture of Ni and Ti. This significant quantity of Ni raises interrogations on their corrosion resistance and on their biocompatibility. N order to elucidate these interrogations, we studied the biocorrosion and the biological properties of 7 alloys. The results obtained for the NiTi alloy are compared with those of Ni, Ti and the Ti6Al4V, 316L, NiCrMo and PdAg alloys. He electrochemical evaluations consisted of an open circuit potential test and a total polarization. This handling was reproduced in 3 electrolytes: an artificial saliva, a culture medium and a culture medium added with cells in suspension. With three different cell lines (epithelial, fibroblastic and mesenchymal cells) we determined the biological properties of these alloys using five different in vitro cytotoxicity tests (proliferation, viability, inflammation, histological labelling and morphology). We evaluated the surface free energy of our samples and the elements released after immersion in a culture medium. Results from all of these tests shows that NiTi alloy presents good electrochemical and biological properties. Its behaviour is close to that of Ti. The presence of Ni does not involve significant reduction of properties. Compared with other alloys tested, NiTi alloy is a material of choice for manufacturing orthodontic arches and endodontic files
Herteman, Mélanie. "Evaluation des capacités bioremédiatrices d'une mangrove impactée par des eaux usées domestiques : application au site pilote de Malamani, Mayotte." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1048/.
Full textPerformed in Mayotte (Fr), this work evaluates the potential of a mangrove for pre-treated domestic wastewater bioremediation. By comparing the evolution over time of four compartments of the mangrove, namely: vegetation, water, sediments and crabs in impacted and non-impacted parcels, we show that this ecosystem is analogous to constructed wetlands and seems to be adapted for second-stage treatment of domestic wastewaters. Even through short-term data is encouraging, more studies are required to evaluate the long-term impacts of domestic wastewaters on the biodiversity and functions of this ecosystem prior to using such strategies on a greater scale in situ
Léone, Frédéric. "Concept de vulnérabilité appliqué à l'évaluation des risques générés par les phénomènes de mouvements de terrain." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10009.
Full textChèze, Benoît. "Pollutions locales et globales : Evaluation de leurs impacts environnementaux et des poltiques publiques visant à les réduire. Trois analyses empiriques." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100052.
Full textThis thesis is composed of three different studies aiming at empirically analysing various pollutions and environmental policies examples, which are all emblematic of our contemporary life-style. A first Chapter provides air traffic CO2 emissions projections at the worldwide level and for eight geographical zones until 2025. We show that air traffic energy efficiency improvements yield effectively to reduce the effect of air traffic rise on corresponding CO2 emissions increase, but do not annihilate it. Thus, air transport CO2 emissions are unlikely to diminish unless there is a radical technological shift, or air travel demand is restricted. A second Chapter presents the results of a meta-analysis that focuses on the environmental valuation methods and their estimates of waste disposal sites disamenities. The mean external cost and the effect of key factors influencing these estimates are quantified by mean of specific econometric and statistical methods. A last Chapter aims at identifying the EU ETS carbon price drivers during its pilot Phase, i. E. From 2005 to 2007. The main result of this study features that price drivers of CO2 allowances linked to energy market prices, unanticipated weather events and economic activity vary around institutional events revealing the installations’ net short/long positions
Trégon, Bernard. "Evaluation et caractérisation d'une technologie d'assemblage MCM-L pour environnement haute pression forte température (120 MPa, 175°C)." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12580.
Full textThe first part of this study is an analysis of electronics needs for severe environmental conditions, that is pressure/temperature combined stress, and so the different potentials applications domains, The second part establish a liste of degradation modes of assembly materials implied in prototypes manufacture. These protoypes are intend to word under 120Mpa of pressure and 175°C of température. Analytic modelisation of each degradation modes are listed; Then we designed and realised an environmental test bench to study our prototypes. The third part is a theoretical behavioural study of components parts under pressure/temperature combined stress. This study has been completed through an experimental analysis. Finally, the fourth part is an experimental analysis of complete prototypes manufactured for our study. This analysis deals about sturdiness of the electronic funcion, so as about the different assembly options degradations of each protoypes. This analysis has been completed with a simulation study using finite elements method
Ballouard, Jean-Marie. "ESPECES CHARISMATIQUES, ESPECES LOCALES ET SERPENTS EN EDUCATION A L'ENVIRONNEMENT. Evaluation sur dix pays de la perception des enfants à protéger la faune et importance de l'expérience de terrain." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00575370.
Full textFahrner, Gwenaëlle. "Typologie des impacts potentiels des ouvrages hydroélectriques sur les populations de truite situées en aval." AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/57/54/27/PDF/these-Fahrner-VF032011.pdf.
Full textResearch conducted on Brown trout populations downstream of impoundments has showed the influence of several natural constraints. First, population dynamics analysis of 3 Brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations, along with a multiple-sites analysis (53 stations) of relationships between by-passed sections populations and their physical habitat templet, showed several structuring factors. The first filter is stream width. On top of that, natural flood events constrain the populations. Furthermore, habitat fragmentation related to the size of each dam affects juveniles variability, while flow replenishment along the bypassed section parlty determines trout abundance. The second step consisted in characterizing the physical habitat in which the different salmonid regulated reaches are to be found, for the entire hydroelectric EDF (Electricité de France) facilities. 15 types were established, based on their mountain range (Alps, Pyrénées and Massif Central), on the combination of two major hydromorphological variables (stream gradient and mean annual streamflow), and on the flow-sediment regime. Finally, litterature general knowledge on impacts of impoundments on trout populations and specific knowledge from the multiple-sites analysis were combined with the different types of regulated reaches physical habitats. General knowlege on stream habitats sensitivity of a given area can be gained from this combination. Using these results, it is possible to build an ecological risk assessment framework for bypassed reaches trout populations : this framework assess the risk related to a given impoundment, risk which comes on top of preexisting physical natural constraints defined according to the type the reaches belong to
Subotsch, Nathalie. "Comparaison des politiques de gestion des forêts à rôle de protection dans les pays alpins, signataires de la convention alpine : étude comparée de cinq pays alpins." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10215.
Full textLegeard, Benoît. "Prévention des inondations torrentielles méditerranéennes : approche multi-agents pour l'aide a la gestion spatialisée de crise." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10010.
Full textSadeghi, Samira. "Proposition des modèles et de processus structurés pour le développement d’environnements collaboratifs synchrones : application aux réunions de revue de conception." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI053/document.
Full textDevelopment of collaborative environment is a complex process. The complexity lies in the fact that collaborative environment development involves a lot of decision making. Several tradeoffs need to be made to satisfy current and future requirements from a potentially various set of user profiles. The handling of these complexities poses challenges for researcher, developers and companies. The knowledge required to make suitable design decisions and to rigorously evaluate those design decisions is usually broad, complex, and evolving. In Part-I of this thesis we investigate to formulate the general knowledge about: synchronous collaborative work which conceptualize the problem domain, synchronous collaborative environment which conceptualize the solution domain and synchronous collaborative environment evaluation which conceptualize the evaluation of whole or part of the proposed solution for the specified problem. This formulation has been done through literature study and leaded to the Concept Maps. The results generate three models: SyCoW (synchronous collaborative work), SyCoE (synchronous collaborative environment) and SyCoEE (synchronous collaborative environment evaluation). In Part-II of this thesis we proposed a process for selection/development of collaborative environment, where we demonstrate how SyCoW, SyCoE and SyCoEE support this process in different ways. Through the proposed process we present the development of new synchronous collaborative environment for design review meeting, named, MT-DT. MT-DT has been designed, developed and evaluated by the author in her PhD. MT-DT consist of a multi-touch table with specific 3D software application which support collaborative design review activities. The results of evaluation confirmed the usability of MT-DT and provide arguments for our choices which we made during development of MT-DT
Manche, Yannick. "Analyse spatiale et mise en place de systèmes d'information pour l'évaluation de la vulnérabilité des territoires de montagne face aux risques naturels." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00077807.
Full textGuirat, Noomen. "Evaluation des impacts du trafic automobile sur l'atmosphère : application au centre-ville de Tunis." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0181.
Full textPollution generated by urban traffic is a serious problem of our cities. Started from the general link between economy and environment, we are more particularly interested by externalities and by the various methods to evaluate these externalities. Then, we particularize the comment in the concrete case of the nuisances of the urban road transport by focusing on emissions of pollution gases. We present then the methods of economic evaluations of these externalities of the transport. We show then, by an experience in the city of Tunis, how the models for the static traffic assignement can be used to calculate these gases emissions. These models also allow to calculate the congestion of the network. The idea is widened to establish the complex link between congestion on the one hand, and environment and living environment on the other hand. Finally, we end the comment by giving some perspectives on the alternatives in fossil fuels for the propulsion of the engines of the cars by indicating, for every solution, its consequences on the environment, mainly in emission of atmospheric pollutants
Maréchal-Abram, Nicolas. "Evaluation d'un proxy de métaux lourds dans l'environnement marin, basé sur les coefficients de partition des éléments dans la calcite de foraminifère : étude du Cd, Cu et Cr avec l'espèce Ammonia beccarii." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0002.
Full textThese researches are a contribution to the development of a heavy metal proxy in marine environment based on the element partition coefficient DMe between sea water and foraminiferal calcite. DCd was measured from benthic foraminifera Ammonia beccarii (Linné) grown in sediment free microcosms. Culture experiments were prepared at 2. 3 and 5. 3 nmol l-1 (13°C) and at 4. 3, 6. 4 and 9. 0 nmol l-1 (18°C). DCd values were 2. 80. 6 (n=6), 1. 80. 2 (n=7), 1. 00. 2 (n=10), 1. 00. 1 (n=8) and 1. 20. 2 (n=19), respectively. A new hypothesis of a diffusion limited uptake of ions during the mineralization process could explain DCd =1. The carbonate diffusion time calculations are consistent with the chamber formation time but could not show that calcium uptake is limited. The model oversees that DCd would be also dependent of ion diffusion coefficients. DCd values > 1 are not consistent with the limited uptake hypothesis. The assumption of food contamination or a mixture of sea water during experiment could explain these partitioning values. DCu is measured for the first time from alive specimens. DCd was estimated at 0. 06–0. 07 and suggest a control of the free ion model. DCr is less than 0. 003. Comparison with dead foraminifera revealed the difficulty of the decontamination process. Results showed three different partition mechanisms and showed the vital role of physico-chemical parameters in biological partitioning mechanisms. They underlines the need to understand each element partitioning mechanism, in order to ensure the reliability of a paleo-ecological proxy
CHARDON, ANNE CATHERINE. "Croissance urbaine et risques "naturels", évaluation de la vulnérabilité à Manizales, Andes de Colombie." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10157.
Full textFatni, Abdelkrim. "Environnement de programmation parallèle adapté au traitement d'images et au calcul scientifique : le langage C// et son compilateur." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT005H.
Full textVASSALLO-PAUL, MARIE. "Borreliose de lyme ; etude des densites du vecteur principal, le groupe d'especes ixodes ricinus et de ses relations a l'environnement. Evaluation des zones et les periodes a risque pour l'homme de contracter la maladie." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066467.
Full textDechezleprêtre, Quentin-Guilhem. "Evaluation économique des dispositifs de soutenabilité : l'Agenda 21 Local dans les communes françaises." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV061/document.
Full textThe economic evaluation of the implementation of sustainable development encounters many difficulties including the diversity of conceptions of sustainability, the heterogeneity and the lack of single definition of its initiatives, but also the intangible nature of both generated and protected values provided by a truly sustainable development. We first develop an analysis in terms of reference frames, inspired by political science, so as to take both reference frames of action addressed to a sustainable development and reference frames for evaluating it into account. This first analysis underlies our "capital" approach to sustainability as well as the choice of our study object, Local Agenda 21. Under the assumptions of weak sustainability (capital substitutability), we then perform an evaluation of Local Agenda 21 at the French municipal level using, on the one hand, the total wealth indicator (developed by the World Bank) and on the other hand an impact estimate of the adoption of Local Agenda 21 within municipalities on per capita income. This assessment is thus performed within a decoupling (between a stock indicator and a flow indicator) that questions the relationship between the implementation of sustainable development and income growth. At the same time, an analytical work enables us to propose a requalification of the sustainable development initiatives in terms of knowledge in the economic sense of Machlup. Finally, since the hypotheses of weak sustainability do not necessarily keep income flows or well-being unchanged over time, we alternatively consider strong sustainability assumptions (capital complementarity, irreversibility). Empirically, it implies searching for threshold effects for the different assets being part of total wealth. In the context of our empirical study and under its assumptions, we demonstrate that the implementation of sustainable development has not been at the expense of growth. On the contrary, the adoption of Local Agenda 21 is shown to translate into an improvement in per capita income at the local French level. Among the components of total wealth, we find threshold effects for natural and human capital
Masson, Solène. "Three essays in environmental and development economics." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0171.
Full textDeforestation in Brazil has been a growing phenomenon since the 1970s', whose acceleration is mainly due to the agricultural expansion and infrastructure development such as roads. In order to reduce incentive to deforest, authorities promoted several sets of environmental conservation programs.Understanding the effects of such policy interventions both on environmental (intensity of deforestation, economic mechanisms) and socio-economic issues (effect on poverty, effect on local population development) is essential if public policies are to be put in place in an efficient way.Nevertheless, access to spatial, economic and social data due to the size of the Brazilian Amazon makes impact evaluation challenging. This thesis is organized around two themes: spatial analysis, impact evaluation analysis. The creation of an original database at an aggregation level that is, as far as we know, very little studied allows us to extend research on both environmental and socio-economic analyses of environmental public policies
Raybaud, Blaise. "Evaluation de l’impact des propriétés optiques large-bande de l’environnement sur le productible (énergie incidente) en milieu urbain." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI126.
Full textThe performance of a photovoltaic module is conditioned by the environment in which it is installed. Indeed, the amount of solar energy converted into electricity depends on the incident irradiance on the module. Progress in the integration of photovoltaic modules on buildings and the reduction of their costs leads us to consider the solar potential in urban environments, both on roofs and facades. In an urban environment, the density of buildings limits solar gain on the facade by the presence of masks. Public institutes encourages an increase in the local production of renewable energies. It is therefore necessary to acquire digital tools to accurately assess the solar potential in cities, and thus evaluate the profitability of photovoltaic installations. In particular, it is necessary to evaluate the solar contributions resulting from reflections on the various surfaces that make up the urban scene. Visual integration issues, raising the question of colours and incident spectra on surfaces in different wavelength ranges must also be considered. Finally, these tools must also make it possible to assess the impact of photovoltaic integration in an urban environment in order to avoid reinforcing heat island phenomena. The PhD work is therefore focused on methods for simulating sunshine in an urban environment, through the development of two modelling strategies (radiosity and ray throwing). The simulation models are compared under the hypotheses of equivalent optical reflections, allowing a validation of the hypotheses used in each of the methods. At the same time, a qualification of the optical properties of typical materials from the urban environment allows the construction of optical reflection models based on Bidirectional Reflectivity Distributions Functions (BRDF). These models are integrated into the irradiance models. Therefore, it possible to evaluate the ratio of energy resulting from the different reflection modes. In addition, irradiance measurements are carried out in an external environment. A test bench is designed to measure the irradiances perceived on the facade and on the ground. Different configurations are tested using this mock-up. The measurements obtained are then compared with the numerical results under real conditions, enabling the models to be validated
Vivet, Damien. "Perception de l'environnement par radar hyperfréquence. Application à la localisation et la cartographie simultanées, à la détection et au suivi d'objets mobiles en milieu extérieur." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659270.
Full textJempa, Kanko Mutombo Emilie. "L’élaboration des politiques environnementales au prisme de l’Analyse d’Impact de la Commission européenne :discours, gouvernementalité et performativité." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/224354.
Full textThis PhD thesis questions the performativity of the European Commission Impact Assessment (EC-IA) as decision-support instrument at the heart of the European policy process in the case of European environmental policy-making.Adopted in 2002, the EC-IA is meant to address “all” significant economic, social and environmental impacts of the EC proposals. It is an instrument of the Sustainable Development strategy, as well as of the Better Regulation agenda. It will progressively mainly contribute to this second agenda, with a focus of the guidelines on cost-benefit analysis and non-legal instruments.Questioning the EC-IA rational and performativity, the thesis conceives the EC-IA as a neoliberal governmentality technique within the European environmental policy-making process, among other leaning on the monetisation of impacts. The hypothesis is the reinforcement of the ecological modernisation discourse, contributing to the economicisation of environmental issues, with economic utility as yardstick.Following our investigations (made of discourse analysis, combining document analysis, interviews and lexicometry), it turns out that results are only partially congruent with our research hypothesis. As a matter of fact, the implementation of the EC-IA does not involve, for the case studied, systematic monetisation, nor quantification of environmental impacts or the systematic proposal of voluntary or market instruments. Moreover, the lexicometric analysis highlights two parallel types of governmentalities, partially overlapping, with the ecological modernization and green governmentality discourses.However, we also highlights the important weight and structuring strength of the word and concept of “cost”, and the systematic economic justification of environmental action, a.o. through storyline elements typical of the modernization discourse, avatar of neoliberal governmentality. In spite of the partial implementation of the EC-IA guidelines, or du to this incompleteness, we observe that EC-IA implementation contributes to the economicisation of the making of European environmental policies through the embedding of environmental issues in an economic utility logic, and through the subordination of the assessment of “economic, social and environmental” impacts to the question of the cost of action and to comparison criteria in line with the economic dimension.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Le, Velly Gwenolé. "The Effectiveness of Payments for Environmental Services in Mexican Community Forests." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10473/document.
Full textDuring recent years, Payments for Environmental Services (PES) have become a popular forest conservation instrument and numerous new schemes have emerged around the world, particularly in developing countries. Nevertheless, despite a growing body of academic literature on the topic, little remains known of the effectiveness of PES schemes in reducing deforestation. This dissertation contributes to the literature with a specific focus on the impact of a federal Mexican PES scheme : the PSA-H. We begin with a general introduction retracing the emergence of PES and the current academic debates surrounding the mechanism. Chapter 2 introduces the particularity of the land tenure system in Mexico, the country's environmental policies and the PSA-H scheme and presents the data used in our empirical analysis. Chapter 3 looks at impact evaluation methodologies and how they have been used in the context of forest conservation instruments. We show that PES schemes are very complex treatment and that evaluating their impact using classic impact evaluation techniques requires many adjustments. After discussing these challenges, we propose three empirical essays based on primary and secondary data. Chapter 4 presents a new methodology allowing us to estimate the additionality and leakages of the PSA-H in our study area. Our results provide evidence that leakages can undermine PES effectiveness. Chapter 5 studies how land use can influence the allocation of PES payments within the beneficiary community. Using original survey data, our results show that, despite the attempts of the Mexican authorities to design the PES scheme as compensation for avoiding deforestation, payments have been redistributed as a reward for existing conservation. The deforesting agents receive less remuneration than other recipients, which shows that the polluter-paid principle at the origin of the Coasean notion of PES has not been appropriated. Chapter 6 studies the interactions between the PSA-H and Mexico's Community forest enterprises (CFEs) which are run by the communities and implement sustainable extraction activities in community forests. In a search for a relevant policy mix, it seems crucial to know how they interact with the PSA-H. The results of our empirical analysis show that the PSA-H can help these enterprises to develop and stabilize over time. Finally, in the conclusion, we discuss the implications of the empirical essays for the design of PES schemes and future research
Marcone, Océane. "Utilisation des évaluations économiques et émergence de conventions dans l'élaboration des politiques environnementales : le cas des Programmes de Mesures de la Directive-Cadre "stratégie pour le milieu marin" (DCSMM)." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0001/document.
Full textWith a focus on the programmes of measures of the European marine Strategy Framework Directive, this work explores the expected and effective uses of economic valuation, and more widely of economic language, in support of the implementation of environmental public policy. In France, the programmes of measures were elaborated via meetings gathering central and decentralised administration members as well as stakeholders, both at national and sub-marine regions scales. A socio-economic and environmental impact assessment of new measures, presented as a cost-effectivness analysis, has been conducted by external consultants. Direct observations were conducted during 27 of those meetings. A content analysis of collected speeches shows that economic language (i.e. economic interventions and arguments) is hardly ever used. However the share of economic language within speeches increases once the impact assessment of new measures has been introduced. The lack of well defined and widely accepted objectives arising from the programmes of measures elaboration process partly explain why impact assessment struggled to find its place as a tool for supporting decision-making. The Programme of measures elaboration has then been analysed as a coordination process, requiring emergence of shared representations of marine environment issues, in a highly unpredictable context. The textual analysis of 25 interviews extracts, conducted with participants to the programme of measures elaboration process, highlights the coexistence of four representations of the Good environmental status
Gérin, Sarah. "Une démarche évaluative des Plans de Prévention des Risques dans le contexte de l'assurance des catastrophes naturelles : Contribution au changement de l'action publique de prévention." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582692.
Full textKadar, Ali. "Evaluation de l'effet mélange sur la clairance hépatique humaine de pesticides appartenant à deux groupes de matières actives communément retrouvées dans l'alimentation française : développement analytique et études cinétiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0322.
Full textGeneral population is exposed to several pesticides, mainly via the diet. Whereas these active ingredients obtained their marketing authorization individually, the available data regarding their impact as a mixture on the human body are scarce. In order to help better understanding this “mixture effect”, we aimed at studying the human hepatic in vitro metabolism of two pesticides mixtures commonly found in the diet
Guillet, Fanny. "Une analyse stratégique pour l'organisation à finalité environnementale : le cas d’une ONGE, la Tour du Valat, Centre de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0528/document.
Full textAs a result of the ever growing environmental concerns and awareness among the general audience, environment NGOs now must come up to people's expectations. According to the role they appointed themselves in favor of the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity, they want to improve the positive impacts of their actions. The theoretical and practical issue to which the present PhD thesis attempts to respond can be split into the three following questions. (i) What are the actions of the NGO's and what can they really do ? (ii) What strategic reasoning can contribute to strength en their environmental actions ? (iii) What it the best way to apprehend and evaluate the ecological impacts of theses actions which are indirect most of the time (consciousness-raising campaign, lobbying, etc) ?This research lies within the scope of environmental management and theories of organizations, especially in thefield of strategy, and adopts the Strategic Analysis of Environmental management as a theoretical framework.The analysis is based on a 3-year work-research process carried out within la Tour du Valat, an ENGO and research centre for the conservation of mediterranean wetlands.(i) Through three case studies developed by this ENGO, we show that the choices and the implementation ofthese actions are the result of the articulation of four strategic registers : the construction of the ecological object to conserve, the internal development (resources and competences management) as well as the position acquired and developed in the preservation sector. (ii) Based on the data generated by an interaction with the workers ofthe ENGO, we show case how the original design and planning of the environmental actions could be improved by following a process of clarification of the ecological objectives and better explanation of the strategy regarding the diagnostic of the socio ecosystem concerned. (iii) As a conclusion of our evaluation process, we illustrate thatit is possible to link an implemented strategy to its ecological impacts within an evaluation framework whichenables to follow the thinking process, from the ecological objectives onto the results of the deployed action.This evaluative logical thinking nurtures strategic thinking as well as procedural improvements of environmentalactions
Roman, Philippe. "L’analyse des transferts d’eau inter-bassins au défi des conflits et de la justice environnementale. Le cas du fleuve São Francisco (Nordeste du Brésil)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV004/document.
Full textThe analysis of massive inter-basin water transfers has been scarcely developed within the discipline of economics. Though, this kind of hydraulic engineering is bound to be ever more widepsread in the 21st century, in particular in developing and emerging economies. We propose an analysis of a water transfer project in Norhteastern Brazil from an ecological economic point of view. We especially investigate the socio-environmental conflicts that take place around this megaproject. In the first place, we characterise Brazil's current style of economic development at the turn of the century, as well as the dynamics of water sector reforms. From such an analysis, we draw a stylised presentation of the water-economy nexus which we deem necessary for the understanding of the project. We then discuss the scope and limits of economic approaches (welfare economics, sustainability economics) to the assessment of large scale water projects. We put an emphasis on the specific features of massive inter-basin water transfers and we propose a suitable economic framework. In a third part, we analyse the socio-environmental conflicts that took place in relation with the transfer project. We propose an environmental justice analysis as well as an institutionalist modeling of the conflict and its impacts
Dechamps, Yves. "Méthode d'analyse des risques majeurs liés aux immeubles de grande hauteur sur leur environnement immédiat." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209500.
Full textLa conception d'un IGH ne peut être effectuée sans une analyse des risques engendrés par la présence de tels immeubles sur leur environnement et sur le développement urbain. En effet, quand un événement indésirable y survient, un IGH peut se révéler être une menace pour ses occupants et son
voisinage immédiat. Les IGH sont des immeubles où plusieurs centaines de personnes sont présentes, ce qui engendre de nombreuses contraintes au niveau de la sécurité incendie notamment. En cas d'accident comme un incendie, diverses matières toxiques peuvent être libérées dans l'atmosphère, endommageant l'environnement de l'immeuble.
C'est ici que peut intervenir une méthode d'analyse des risques environnementaux permettant à un expert d'évaluer différentes situations envisagées pour l'immeuble même et son environnement. Le modèle proposé est une nouvelle méthode quantitative issue d'une approche semi-quantitative. Des matrices d'évaluation et une formulation quantitative permettent de quantifier le risque environnemental. Ce risque est déterminé pour différents secteurs autour de l'IGH car chaque environnement étudié est hétérogène et différent.
La méthode proposée reprend un ensemble de paramètres déterminés à l'aide de critères d'évaluation et de paramètres géométriques tels que la différence d'altitude entre les immeubles, la distance, etc. Nous verrons comment ces paramètres influencent le modèle et l'analyse de risques environnementaux. Un ensemble de simulations numériques seront effectuées sur un panel de cas d'études simples afin de valider le programme. Deux IGH actuellement détruits ont été étudiés avec pour objectif de comparer les résultats obtenus avec la réalité de la situation ainsi que les différentes propositions correctives. Pour chaque étude, des critiques et commentaires seront produits afin de se rattacher à la réalité des situations décrites.
The high-rise buildings (HRB) are symbolic constructions linked most often to scarce building lands, urban density challenges for big cities and the problematic of sustainable construction. However, an HRB is not limited to just these items alone: what risk impact does an HRB have on the environment? What analysis method of possible risk on the environment is to be considered for the presence of constructions?
HRB design cannot be done without any environmental risk assessment for such buildings on their environment or their impact on urban development. When an unwanted event occurs, an HRB can be a threat to its occupants and its immediate vicinity. The presence of large numbers of people in those building definitely generates a lot of problems at the level of fire safety, for example. Accidents such as a fire can release toxic materials, which will thus impact the environment of the building.
In such circumstances, a method of analysis of environmental risks come useful to experts to assess the different situations to be considered for the building itself. The proposed model is a new quantitative method which is the result of a semi-quantitative approach. Quantifying the environmental risk is made possible by evaluation matrices and quantitative formulation. This risk is determined for various sectors around HRB because every environment is heterogeneous and different.
The proposed method incorporates a set of parameters which were determined by means of evaluation criteria and geometrical parameters such as the difference in height between the buildings, distance, etc. We will see how these parameters affect the model and analysis of environmental risks. A set of simulations are performed on a range of simple models to validate the program. Two HRBs which have now been demolished were studied so as to compare the results obtained with the real-life of the situation and the corrective different proposals. For each study, criticism and comments will be produced to relate to the reality of the situations which has been described.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ricci, Olivia. "Capture et stockage géologique du CO2 à partir de biomasse : quelles perspectives économiques ?" Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0506/document.
Full textIn a context of unbridled growth of global energy demand and environmental pressure in the fight againstglobal warming, this thesis studies one of the proposed technologies to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2)emissions: carbon capture and geological storage (CCS). We therefore consider the application of thistechnology to the production of bioenergies (BCCS) because this technology allows purifying theatmosphere while providing a clean energy alternative to fossil fuels. The first part of this work analyzesthe economic and environmental potential of BCCS. First, an economic and environmental assessment ofBCCS in the bioethanol production in France is conducted. Then, using the bottom-up optimization modelTIAM-FR, we study the global and regional potential of this technology in the electricity sector. Finally,the economic incentives that need to be provided to ensure BCCS deployment are highlighted. In thesecond part, a general equilibrium model is used to evaluate environmental policies. We construct thetheoretical model by introducing the CCS and BCCS as well as a wide range of economic instruments.The model is then calibrated to compare the effectiveness of environmental policy instruments at a globallevel and at a French level