Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Évaluation de modèle de risque'
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Orou, Zime Hamed. "Une évaluation du risque d'innovation sur les rendements boursiers des entreprises américaines." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35199.
Full textThe principal objective pursued by this thesis is to measure the risk of innovation on the return on corporates assets. To do this, we use three measures of innovation, namely: R&D expenditure / Book value (RD/VC ), R&D / Total assets expense (RD/AT), and the elasticity R&D of the total income (r). Through these three measures, we build three innovation risk premiums. When the innovation premium is associated with the ratio RD/VC or RD/AT , our results indicate that firms are not only exposed to the risk of innovation, but also that their sensitivity to the risk of innovation is inversely proportional to their size. On the other hand, when the innovation premium is associated with r, we notice that our coefficients are very weak and insignificant. We therefore conclude that the most innovative companies are those that invest the most in research and development.
Longin, Estelle. "Evaluation et régulation émotionnelles dans une situation à risque : le modèle de l'anxiété." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066096.
Full textKacem, Manel. "Processus de risque : modélisation de la dépendance et évaluation du risque sous des contraintes de convexité." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10051/document.
Full textIn this thesis we focus on two different problems which have as common point the contribution to the modeling and to the risk management in insurance. In the first research theme, we are interested by the modeling of the dependence in insurance. In particular we propose an extension to model with common factor. In the second research theme we consider the class of nonincreasing discrete distributions and we are interested in studying the effect of additional constraint of convexity on the convex extrema. Some applications in ruin theory motivate our interest to this subject. The first part of this thesis is concerned with factor models for the modeling of the dependency in insurance. An interesting property of these models is that the random variables are conditionally independent with respect to a factor. We propose a new model in which the conditioning is with respect to the entire memory of the factor. In this case we give some mixing properties of risk process under conditions related to the mixing properties of the factor process and to the conditional mixing risk process. The law of the sum of random variables has a great interest in actuarial science. Therefore we give some conditions under which the law of the aggregated process converges to a normal distribution. In the second part of the thesis we consider the class of discrete distributions whose probability mass functions (p.m.f.) are nonincreasing on a finite support. Convex extrema in that class of distributions are well-known. Our purpose is to point out how additional shape constraints of convexity type modify these extrema. Two cases are considered : the p.m.f. is globally convex on N or it is convex only from a given positive point. The corresponding convex extrema are derived by using a simple crossing property between two distributions. Several applications to some ruin problems are presented for illustration
Ramette, François. "Modèle de diagnostic d'entreprise avec des combinaisons de critères qualitatifs : Contribution à l'évaluation du risque de défaillance par une analyse multicritères." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020099.
Full textThe principal aim of this study is to explain the bankruptcy with a combination of economic and strategic variables and to show that this kind of information could improve the performance of models of scoring using financial data. Our study propose a model with twenty five variables from sesame database of the banque de france and their interactions, which explain more than 64% of the bankruptcy. The model is based on concepts belonging to several schools of thought and more specifically the industrial economics, the theory of the firm, and the competitive strategy
Cruz, Jorge Garcia de la. "Choix et risque en contexte de projet : conception d'un modèle décisionnel." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30033.
Full textFares, Almabrouk. "Risque de salmonellose humaine liée à la consommation de fromage à pâte molle au lait cru : développement d’un modèle pour l’appréciation quantitative du risque." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/3463/01/Fares_Thesis_PDF.pdf.
Full textSalmonellae are one of the most important causes of foodborne illness associated with raw dairy products. The assessment of the real risk associated with the consumption of these products is needed and the most appropriate method to achieve this goal is the risk analysis process which links pathogens in food to the public health problem. The main aim of this thesis is to quantitatively assess the risk of human salmonellosis linked to the consumption of Camembert cheese made from raw milk. A data gap that is routinely identified in risk assessment is the lack of quantitative data on pathogens contaminated food. Therefore, as a first objective of this thesis, we developed a rapid, sensitive and reliable method for the quantification of Salmonella in artificially contaminated milk samples. The method combined the principles of most-probable-number (MPN) method with a real-time PCR assay. With this developed assay (MPN-real-time PCR) low levels of Salmonella (1-5 CFU/mL) in milk could be enumerated after 8 h of non-selective enrichment in buffered peptone water. All estimated MPN counts corresponded well to the estimated contamination level of Salmonella inoculated into milk samples. In order to evaluate the utility of this developed quantification assay, our second objective was to apply it to naturally contaminated bulk tank milk samples collected from dairy farms located in western France. Eight (2. 68%) of 299 bulk tank milk samples were found positive, with estimated MPN values ranging from 3. 7 to 79. 2 MPN/mL of milk. Despite the PCR inhibitors that were apparently present in some raw bulk tank milk samples, the application of the MPN-real-time PCR assay for quantifying Salmonella in raw milk proved to be rapid, easy-to-perform and highly sensitive. In the assessment of potential risks associated with Salmonella in raw milk and raw milk products it was necessary to examine the ability of Salmonella to grow in milk. Therefore, we presented in this thesis as a third v objective, primary and secondary models describing mathematically the growth of two Salmonella strains (S. Typhimurium and S. Montevideo) in milk under constant temperatures during different incubation periods. The primary logistic-with-delay model was used to describe Salmonella growth as a function of time. The specific growth rates of S. Typhimurium and S. Montevideo varied according to serotype and temperature. The maximum growth rates were then modeled as function of temperature using the secondary cardinal Rosso model. The reported cardinal estimates obtained with S. Typhimurium and S. Montevideo were: Tmin 3. 02, 3. 40; Topt 38. 44, 38. 55 and Tmax 44. 51, 46. 97°C, respectively. At the optimum growth temperature (Topt) the maximum growth rates were 1. 36 and 1. 39 log10 CFU/h-1 for S. Typhimurium and S. Montevideo respectively. Both the primary and secondary models fitted growth data well with a high-pseudo R2 (0. 97-99). Finally, a quantitative risk assessment of human salmonellosis linked to the consumption of Camembert cheese made from raw milk is presented. Different distributions were assumed for the parameters of the model and a Monte Carlo simulation was used to model the process and to quantify the risk associated with the consumption of 25 g serving of cheese. The 99th percentile of Salmonella cell numbers in servings of 25 g of cheese was 5 cells at the time of consumption, corresponding to 0. 2 cells of Salmonella per gram. The risk of salmonellosis per 25 g serving varied from 0 to 1. 2 × 10-7 with a median of 7. 4 × 10-8. For 100 million servings of 25g, the expected number of cases of salmonellosis predicted by the model is in average of 7. 4. When the prevalence was reduced in the model by a factor of 10, the number of cases per 100 million servings was reduced to less than 1 case. Despite the limitations and the data gap, we demonstrated the benefit of risk assessment not only as a risk evaluation tool but also as a helping device in the decision-making and the risk management
Loison, Bertrand. "Les déterminants de l'exposition aux risques liés à l'externalisation des prestations de services informatiques : modèle explicatif et validation empirique." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010007.
Full textTorgeman, Mohamed. "Asymétrie d'information et évaluation d'actifs risques." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10046.
Full textThis thesis studies different aspects of financial market equilibrium when traders are diversely informed. Chapter 1 explores the informational efficiency in a fully revealing rational expectations equilibrium models. Using the work of Grossman (1978), we establish the direct link between strong efficiency in the sense of Gama (1970) and fully revealing equilibrium in a general framework without special assumptions on variables distribution, utility function or dimension of private information vector. We also extend our analysis of fully revealing rational expectations equilibrium to a dynamic context. Chapter 2 introduces a new approach to model noisy rational expectations equilibrium. Uncertainty, which prevents price from being fully revealing is not introduced by a random supply as it is proposed in the literature but by a constraint in investment opportunities. Chapter 3 focuses on the dynamic behaviour of stock index futures mispricing series. We develop a rational expectations general equilibrium model in line of Pfleiderer (1984) with competitive stock and futures markets. These two markets, disconnected by a clientele effect, are linked by particular traders called arbitrageurs. This work extends the static model of Holden (1995) to a multiperiod setting. In this context, the mispricing autocorrelation is decreasing with time to maturity. This result suggests, the presence of mean reversion in index futures mispricing. However, in contrast with explanation of Yadav-Pope (1995), we show that this phenomenon is not induced by arbitrageurs
Pavic, Guillaume. "Une approche socio-cognitive du risque à partir de variables du Modèle des Croyances relatives à la Santé." Rennes 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN20025.
Full textThe Health Belief Model (HBM) was initially developed during the 70's in order to explain change and maintenance of health behaviour or people's intention to change. The model focalised on prevention action and observance for medical problems. The aim of this work was to apply HBM to risky behaviour. Firstly we operationnalize some variables of the model (perceived susceptibility and severity) in risky situations. We studied the relation between those variables and health behaviours or behavioural intention to limit sanitary damage. Secondly, we try to increase individual perception of risk and decrease comparative optimism by using persuasive communication (prevention message exposition and damage activation). Main results show a consistent link between HBM's variables and behaviour or behavioural intention. When people perceive threat, they declare to have more adaptive behaviour. Prevention message and damage activation have an effect on susceptibility, perceived benefits and comparative optimism, but some of them have no effect (severity and perceived barriers). All these elements show the interest of HBM to dread risk perception
Sahal, Alexandre. "Le risque tsunami en France : contributions méthodologiques pour une évaluation intégrée par scénarios de risque." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651617.
Full textGueye, Dieng Khadidiatou. "Analyse du risque technique de la branche incapacité-invalidité." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10254.
Full textAinou, Viou. "La gestion du risque de longévité et évaluation de produits dérivés." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10127.
Full textThis thesis discuss about the longevity / mortality risk and its impact on pension funds and insurers. In the first part, we consider and expose the different mortality models. The state of art done, we propose an extension, using the Lévy processes, of the well-known model CBD. The Lévy processes are considered to take in account of jumps in mortality curve. The new model will be used, in the second part of this thesis, as underlined index to value the longevity derivatives. We use the Wang and Esscher Transforms as martingales measure because of incompleteness of the longevity market. These two measures are, beforehand, defined and the ways they represent pricing measures are exposed. Finally, we propose a new contract “the mortality collar”, which is a hedging instrument against the longevity or mortality risk, as well as for insurer, but also for pension fund. We give a complete analysis of this new management tool regarding its mechanism and its pricing
Oliva, Justine. "Eco-épidémiologie du virus influenza D : évaluation du spectre d'hôtes et du risque d'émergence." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30171.
Full textRecently, a novel genus was identified within the Orthomyxoviridae family and named thereafter Influenza D virus (IDV). So far, IDV has been detected on differents continents and differents species are susceptible to the virus. Bovine are considered as a main host for IDV. The PhD was divided in two parts: (i) assessment of the host ranges and the geographical circulation of IDV, and (ii) development of a murine model in order to study the pathogenesis of IDV. First, the host range and geographical circulation of IDV were analyzed using serological and/or virological tools, on domestic species from France, Luxembourg and Africa; but also in wild fauna species from differents countries. We observed that IDV circulates mainly in bovine, but other species, such as swine or small ruminants, seem susceptible to the virus too. Virological and phylogenic analyses demonstrated that IDV strains circulating in France are genetically close to European viral strains. Moreover, it appears that camelids, cervids and marsupials could be new hosts for the virus. Finally, we developed a murine model in order to better understand the pathogenesis of the virus. The results suggest that IDV presents a low pathogenesis in mice compared to what was observed in the calf model, although similarities have been observed. In conclusion, IDV circulates throughout the world and seems to have a wide host range, which includes species from the wild fauna. Moreover, the murine model allowed us to better understand of IDV's pathogenesis, especially its replication (fitness, tropism) and associated immune response
Dahan, Olivier. "Étude de la détérioration neuropsychologique de l'adulte après irradiation cérébrale : analyse du risque par un modèle mathématique, à partir d'une série rétrospective de 100 patients." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR23026.
Full textMarri, Fouad. "Évaluation des mesures de ruine dans le cadre de modèles avancés de risque." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26001/26001.pdf.
Full textMoutanabbir, Khouzeima. "Évaluation et allocation du risque dans le cadre de modèles avancés en actuariat." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29730/29730.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in risk evaluation and risk allocation blems using advanced actuarial models. First, we investigate risk aggregation and capital allocation problems for a portfolio of possibly dependent risks whose multivariate distribution is defined with the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula and with mixed Erlang distributions for the marginals. In such a context, we first show that the aggregate claim amount has a mixed Erlang distribution. Based on a top-down approach, closed-form expressions for the contribution of each risk are derived using the TVaR and covariance rules. These findings are illustrated with numerical examples. Then, we propose to investigate the distribution of the discounted sum of ascending ladder heights over finite- or infinite-time intervals within the Sparre Andersen risk model. In particular, the moments of the discounted sum of ascending ladder heights over a finite- and an infinite-time intervals are derived in both the classical compound Poisson risk model and the Sparre Andersen risk model with exponential claims. The application of a particular Gerber-Shiu functional is central to the derivation of these results, as is the mixed Erlang distributional assumption. Finally, we define VaR and TVaR risk measures in terms of the discounted sum of ascending ladder heights. We use a moment-matching method to approximate the distribution of the discounted sum of ascending ladder heights allowing the computation of the VaR and TVaR risk measures. In the last chapter, we present a stochastic investment model (SIM) for international investors. We assume that investors are allowed to hold assets in two different economies. This SIM includes four components: interest rates, stocks, inflation and exchange rate models. First, we give a full description of the model and we detail the parameter estimation. The model is estimated using a state-space formulation and an extended Kalman filter. Based on scenarios generated from this SIM, we study the risk allocation to different background risks: asset, inflation and exchange rate risks. The risk allocation is based on the TVaR-based rule.
Terraza, Virginie. "Modélisations de la value at risk : une évaluation de l'approche riskmetrics." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020032.
Full textBlais, Philippe. "Élaboration d'un modèle de trafic à partir de données massives de trajectoires automobiles en assurance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69181.
Full textMeurisse, Stéphane. "Quel danger fera-t-il demain ? : le rôle des expectations de protection sur l'activation différentielle des composantes du modèle de l'implication et de la construction de la culture du risque : l'exemple des risques météorologiques." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20010.
Full textThe study of weather conditions is the framework which helped us determine the building process of a risk-based culture. Preventive measures, such as the « warning map », have been designed after the 1999 winter storms, in order to forecast risks linked to severe meteorological phenomena – some of which are associated to global warming. What could be the impact of the increasing number of weather alerts on the representations of risk? Could this increase be a « catalyst » in this « risk society » ? False alarms, which fail to describe actual weather conditions, contribute to define a reality that shapes a risk-based culture. We based our assessment of the influence of protection expectations on the principal features of the implication model (Landmark, Sense, Meaning of Control), on a historical and social background. We particularly focused on Sense, and established three main areas. Professionally implicated people adopt various approaches to warning messages. Their representations correspond to those other professional people : weather forecast specialists. Studies have unveiled two attitudes when people are confronted to a risk. Some tend to minimize the impact of a risk, as they gather up skills of « self-protection », while others maximize these skills to seek « external protection ». Thus, one could foresee the influence of protection expectations on organisations, which could give birth to new professional processes elaborated by weather forecasters, in order to respond to the feeling of insecurity
Mailhot, Mélina. "Mesures de risque et dépendance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29656/29656.pdf.
Full textIn risk theory, the main task of the actuary is to manage the risks underwritten by the company so that, at any time, it will be able to fulfill its obligations. Risk measures are valuable tools for this purpose. In this thesis, risk measures and capital allocation methods based on the dependence between multivariate risks are studied. Also, new measures of risk and capital allocation methods are developed within the framework of multivariate portfolios with partially aggregated dependencies between risks. The introduction presents a literature review and the concepts discussed in this thesis. In the second chapter, the capital allocation based on the measure Tail Value-at- Risk (TVaR) for a portfolio of risks following multivariate distributions with continuous severities is presented. The third chapter is the study of the bivariate Value-at-Risk (VaR). The latter is studied and illustrated, according to the dependence between risks. Several results on the conditions of convexity and relative to concordance orders and bounds of this metric are set. An interesting application in insurance is also presented. The new bivariate lower and upper orthant TVaR are presented in chapter four. These measures are motivated, studied and applied to Equity Indexed Annuities associated with correlated assets. The fifth chapter presents a numerical algorithm in order to calculate lower and upper bounds for sums of random variables. The method suggested is concise and parsimonious. It also allows to compute bounds for the VaR for sums of random variables. A brief conclusion recalls the contributions of this thesis and suggests some interesting research venues in connection with topics discussed in the previous chapters.
Aguessy, François-Xavier. "Évaluation dynamique de risque et calcul de réponses basés sur des modèles d’attaques bayésiens." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0016/document.
Full textInformation systems constitute an increasingly attractive target for attackers. Given the number and complexity of attacks, security teams need to focus their actions, in order to select the most appropriate security controls. Because of the threat posed by advanced multi-step attacks, it is difficult for security operators to fully cover all vulnerabilities when deploying countermeasures. In this PhD thesis, we build a complete framework for static and dynamic risk assessment including prior knowledge on the information system and dynamic events, proposing responses to prevent future attacks. First, we study how to remediate the potential attacks that can happen in a system, using logical attack graphs. We build a remediation methodology to prevent the most relevant attack paths extracted from a logical attack graph. In order to help an operator to choose between several remediation candidates, we rank them according to a cost of remediation combining operational and impact costs. Then, we study the dynamic attacks that can occur in a system. Attack graphs are not directly suited for dynamic risk assessment. Thus, we extend this mode to build dynamic risk assessment models to evaluate the attacks that are the most likely. The hybrid model is subdivided in two complementary models: (1) the first ones analysing ongoing attacks and provide the hosts' compromise probabilities, and (2) the second ones assessing the most likely future attacks. We study the sensitivity of their probabilistic parameters. Finally, we validate the accuracy and usage of both models in the domain of cybersecurity, by building them from a topological attack graph
Torterotot, Jean Philippe. "Le coût des dommages dus aux inondations : Estimation et analyse des incertitudes." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00421862.
Full textLa première partie de ce mémoire propose un cadre conceptuel pour l'estimation des dommages comme élément d'aide à la décision, notamment dans une perspective économique intégrant le risque et l'incertitude.
La deuxième partie considère l'échelle élémentaire de l'habitat, et se base sur des enquêtes réalisées sur différents sites auprès des ménages sinistrés. Après une analyse de l'occupation des zones inondables, on caractérise les composantes du facteur humain, et en particulier les réponses à l'annonce de crue et à la montée des eaux. Ces réponses et leurs effets sur les dommages sont étudiés par des techniques d'analyses de données, qui intègrent d'autres facteurs significatifs.
La troisième partie du mémoire traite de l'estimation des dommages sur une aire géographique, par des approches de modélisation. À partir d'une analyse conceptuelle de ces modélisations, est défini puis développé un modèle informatisé d'estimation des dommages sur un secteur inondable. Ce modèle local exploite, selon des procédures descriptives explicites, toutes informations et expertises existantes. Il est mis en œuvre sur 245 secteurs, à partir d'une base de données constituée sur les grandes vallées du bassin de la Loire. Une procédure de simulation permet de quantifier les incertitudes sur les estimations de coûts, en analysant les contributions des différentes sources d'incertitude. À échelle régionale, on analyse les effets des cohérences spatiales des crues et des sources d'incertitudes.
La quatrième partie conclut sur les méthodes développées et propose des perspectives ultérieures de recherches.
Sapolin, Bertrand. "Construction d'une méthodologie d'évaluation statistique des logiciels de dispersion atmosphérique utilisés en évaluation de risque NRBC et développement d'un modèle d'estimation de l'incertitude des résultats." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077217.
Full textAtmospheric dispersion of contaminated clouds following deliberate or accidental releases of CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) toxic substances may have serious health impacts. In order to estimate them, CBRN risk assessment activities rely, among other things, on atmospheric dispersion models. These models compute the concentration field of pollutant in order to quantify potential adverse effects on human population. They need to be evaluated, which means their outputs have to be compared to experimental data within an appropriate methodology. Now, existing evaluation methodologies have two flaws: firstly they are not suited to risk assessment, and secondly their results may be somewhat arbitrary because they are based on direct comparisons between observations and model results. Turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer introduces a large random component in the observations, and thus an inevitable gap between observations and model results, be the latter "perfect". In this thesis two tools have been built to fix these issues. The first one is an evaluation methodology suitable for the risk assessment context. The second one is an empirical statistical model meant to estimate the uncertainty in the simulation results. It can be associated to an atmospheric dispersion model with probabilistic capabilities in order to produce an envelop of the answer rather than a unique "average" result, the latter being of little use despite its omnipresence in current risk assessment studies. When used jointly, the two tools developed in this thesis enable model/experiment comparisons to be more objective and less subject to experimental randomness
Bellenger, Pascale. "L' erreur humaine : élaboration d'un modèle représentationnel des risques dans le secteur agroalimentaire." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN1548.
Full textNalpas, Nicolas. "L'énigme de la prime de risque : évaluation sur données françaises et tentative de solution." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010014.
Full textTixier, Philippe. "Conception assistée par modèle de systèmes de culture durables : application aux systèmes bananiers de Guadeloupe." Montpellier, ENSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENSA0019.
Full textGuadeloupe banana cropping systems are threatened by agronomic (low yield due to phytoparasitic nematode development), environmental (pesticide leaching to water, particularly important in a fragile insular setting) and economic (seasonal variations in fruit prices, manpower costs) unsustainability. New systems have to be designed to solve both economic and environmental problems. Rotations with other crops or fallows, biodiversity restoration, pesticide management are some current investigated solutions. Modelling tools have been developed to combine practices, explore and optimise such systems. Banana cropping systems have some characteristics that cannot be taken into account by generic crop models; a specific model called SIMBA has been developed. The evolution of the banana population structure over time is a key point; it is simulated by SIMBA-POP, a cohort population model. Parasitism dynamics mainly due to phytoparasitic nematodes lower cropping sustainability and lead to massive use of pesticides; this is simulated by the dynamic SIMBA-NEM module. SIMBA also simulates plant growth, the soil cover and structure or water balance. Cropping practices are taken into account by decision rules that give rise to realistic technical recommendations. Qualitative, integrated and dynamic indicators are linked to biophysical modules and allow evaluation of the pesticide leaching risk, erosion risk and soil fertility. SIMBA provides agronomic (yield), environmental and economic (profit margin) outputs for multicriteria evaluation of the simulated system based on different viewpoints. An original 2-step method has been used to prototype new cropping systems with SIMBA (first a global exploration then a specific optimisation). Some interesting cropping systems have thus been highlighted and should be tested in the field. This scientific approach permits to develop some significant progress in the banana modelling by aggregating the existing knowledge and highlight the missing ones
Dorn, Jochen. "Évaluation, modélisation et couverture des produits structurés de crédit." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010059.
Full textRafrafi, Meriem. "Une approche harmonisée pour l'évaluation de la sécurité des systèmes ferroviaires : de la décomposition fonctionnelle au modèle comportemental." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586085.
Full textBiteau-Coroller, Fabienne. "Surveillance et évaluation du risque de transmissiondes maladies vectorielles émergentes : apport de la capacité vectorielleExemple de la fièvre catarrhale du mouton." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137450.
Full textL'objectif de cette thèse est à la fois d'étudier les outils méthodologiques et diagnostiques disponibles pour évaluer les risques liés à la FCM et d'en développer d'autres afin d'améliorer la surveillance de cette maladie en France.
Une première étude a constitué en l'évaluation des performances épidémiologiques du test sérologique (ELISA de compétition) utilisé pour le diagnostic et la surveillance de la FCM en Corse et sur le continent français. Une analyse du plan de surveillance de la circulation virale dans le contexte particulier corse a également été conduite. Elle a permis notamment d'identifier les points critiques de ce dispositif.
Suite à la détection de la présence de Culicoides imicola, vecteur biologique impliqué dans la circulation du virus de la FCM (BTV) sur le pourtour méditerranéen, dans la vallée de l'Argens (département du Var), le besoin de développer de nouveaux outils pour surveiller et évaluer le risque de transmission de ce virus dans des zones d'implantation récente est devenu nécessaire. Une étude entomologique a ainsi été mise en place dans la vallée de l'Argens afin i) de confirmer l'installation de C. imicola dans cette zone, ii) de suivre la dynamique de cette population sur une saison d'activité, iii) de collecter des données entomologiques pour estimer le potentiel de transmission de cette population de vecteurs. Un modèle stochastique de capacité vectorielle regroupant des données spécifiques des populations locales de C. imicola et des données publiées dans la littérature est ainsi proposé. Une étude de la compétence de C. imicola vis-à-vis du sérotype 9 de la FCM a, de plus, été initiée.
La discussion générale s'attarde sur les points qui semblent importants pour améliorer le dispositif de surveillance et avancer vers la mise en place d'un système d'alerte précoce. Elle ouvre également de nouvelles perspectives pour prolonger l'approche intégrative proposée en incluant notamment des travaux de géomatique initiés sur C. imicola. Elle pose, de plus, la question d'un passage à une échelle d'étude plus large. Les questions de recherche que pose l'épizootie récente de FCM dans le Nord de l'Europe sont finalement examinées.
Caudeville, Julien. "Développement d'une plateforme intégrée pour la cartographie de l'exposition des populations aux substances chimiques : construction d'indicateurs spatialisés en vu d'identifier les inégalités environnementales à l'échelle régionale." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1960.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to develop an integrated and spatialized platform that allows characterizing the inequality linked to environmental exposure of population to chemical substances. A multimedia exposure model was used to assess the exposure dose of target population via inhalation of atmospheric contaminants and via ingestion of soil, food and drinking water. This model uses geo-referenced databases implemented in a GIS including environmental (water, air, soil, food), behavioral, and demographic data. A case study was performed across two regions in France (Picardie and Nord-Pas-de-Calais) for cadmium, chromium, nickel and lead. Exposure hotspot areas and determinants were identified by the spatial analysis of risk indicator variations. Uncertainties are associated with highlighting areas where potential hotspot exposure have been detected. Some of these uncertainties are simulated by the platform. The case study has allowed to demonstrate the platform feasibility and functioning. Hotspot areas with significantly elevated exposure indicator values might be used to define environmental monitoring campaigns, to manage and plan remedial actions. This work proposes also to improve “classical” health risk assessment with a better integration of essential determinant for the real population exposure at the territory scale
Appert-Collin, Jean-Christophe. "Contribution à l'analyse des risques liés au transport d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les milieux poreux naturels : du système modèle à l'échantillon de sol pollué." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL120N.
Full textDammak, Fredj Amine. "Essais sur la gestion d'actifs a l'international : évaluation en présence de frictions et diversification." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0057/document.
Full textXia, Zhenyu. "Étude phénoménologique pour des méthodes de dimensionnement d'ouvrages d'assainissement en fonction du risque de dysfonctionnement hydraulique." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_15.pdf.
Full textAziza-Tenenhaus, Fanny. "Maîtrise des dangers microbiologiques en industrie laitière basée sur un modèle d'appréciation quantitative des risques. : application à Listeria monocytogenes dans les fromages à pâte molle au lait pasteurisé." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGPT0061.
Full textTaleb, Bendiab Ismahan Asma. "Évaluation de l’efficience, la performance et le risque des banques conventionnelles et con-conventionnelles : essais empiriques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE007.
Full textThis thesis has three main objectives. First, it evaluates cost and profit efficiencies of conventional and non-conventional banks by employing the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) over the period 2005-2014. Second, this study investigates the determinants of bank cost and profit inefficiencies with the focus on the role of banking risks, environmental factors and world financial crisis in affecting banking efficiency. Third, this thesis evaluates the impact of different variables on bank stock returns, with the emphasis on bank efficiency, risk and the world financial crisis. The empirical findings show that banks of our sample improve their cost/Profit efficiencies on average between 2005 and 2014. Also, conventional banks appear to be more cost efficient but less profit efficient compared to Islamic banks. Finally, the results show that changes in cost and profit efficiencies along with risks, crisis and other variables influence stock performance in conventional and Islamic banks
Salines, Morgane. "Modélisation de la propagation du virus de l'hépatite E dans la filière porcine et évaluation de stratégies de réduction du risque d'exposition humaine." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B039/document.
Full textHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen whose main reservoir in industrialised countries is pigs. This research project combined epidemiological studies, mathematical modelling and social sciences to propose levers for reducing the risk of human exposure to HEV through the consumption of pork products. Two experimental trials and one study under natural conditions highlighted the major role of immunomodulating co-infections on the dynamics of HEV infection in pigs, as these intercurrent pathogens led to chronic HEV infection and an increased risk of the virus in the liver, blood and muscles of slaughtered animals. The development of a within-herd, stochastic, individual-based and multi-pathogen model has made it possible to identify both zootechnical and sanitary control measures to reduce the prevalence of the virus on farms. In addition, the design of a between-herd model has enabled to analyse the factors responsible for the spread of the virus in a network of French farms. All these HEV control measures have been submitted for the opinion of public and private organisations and individual players in the pig sector (farmers, farming advisors, veterinarians) through social science approaches. Finally, this transversal and multidisciplinary project made it possible to define tangible and achievable lines of action for the management of HEV in the pig sector while making significant methodological contributions in epidemiology and modelling
Shemilt, Michèle. "Évaluation de la validité des modèles de risque pour prédire l’incidence des gastroentérites d’origine hydrique au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26078.
Full textWinter, Anne. "Evaluation model of a supply chain's sustainability performance and risk assessment model towards a redesign process : case study at Kuehne + Nagel Luxembourg." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD044/document.
Full textLn the present work, the sustainabillty concept has been redeflned so that common understanding can be guaranteed. Subsequently, a model intended to evaluate an existent supply chain's overall degree of sustainability has been developed and empirically tested through a case study. Considering the approach of continuous improvement, this evaluation should be followed by a redesign of the considered supply chain. However, a risk assessment needs to be done ex-ante. Forthis reason, a risk Identification and quantification model has been evolved. This model may consider bath, the risks leading to the redesign process and the risks resultlng from the redesign phase. A case study, which considers the risks leading to a redesign phase, has been implemented so that the model's feasibility in a real business' environment can be proved. The model's outcomes must not be mistaken for ultimate results but need to be considered being a decision support for managers
Hommel, Thierry. "Environnement et stratégies des firmes industrielles : le modèle de la gestion anticipative de la contestabilité appliqué à la production des OGM agricoles et à l'industrie du traitement de surface en France et en Allemagne." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0053.
Full textTrottier-Pérusse, Bruno. "Estimation des préférences face au risque à l'aide d'une approche flexible." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28264/28264.pdf.
Full textSchmitt, Julien. "Évaluation des fonctions cognitives par la navigation : étude de souris modèles de la maladie d'Alzheimer et facteur de risque." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS456.
Full textThe experimental work consisted in developing a behavioural protocol to evaluate both memory and executive function using navigation tasks (Starmaze and Y-maze) in order to test different mouse models related to Alzheimer's disease. As a first step, a Starmaze protocol and the creation of scores adapted to the evaluation of desired cognitive functions were developed. In a second step, three mouse models were tested with the protocol developed: a model of the familial form of Alzheimer's disease (APPPS1) at 14 months and a risk factor model of the sporadic form of Alzheimer's disease (APOE4) at 6 and 14 months by comparing them to control mice of the same age. The effect of normal aging on the cognitive functions assessed was also evaluated by comparing the navigation behaviours of control mice (C57BL/6) at 6 and 14 months. The results show that normal aging does not lead to cognitive deficit at 14 months, while 14-month-old APPPS1 mice have memory and executive deficits. ApoE4 mice do not show memory deficits at 6 and 14 months but have a similar flexibility deficit at 6 months as observed in elderly control mice, suggesting that the risk factor ApoE4 could be a model of early aging. My work has validated the use of navigation tests to jointly assess memory and executive function, opening up clinical applications for this type of test in Alzheimer's disease screening
Sestier, Michael. "Analyse des sensibilités des modèles internes de crédit pour l'étude de la variabilité des RWA." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E010.
Full textIn the aftermath of the 2007-2009 crisis, several studies led by the Base! Committee showed a large dispersion of risk-weighted assets (RWA) among banks, a significant part of which would come from the internal model's assumptions. Consequently, new regulations aiming at finding a balance between risk sensitivity, simplicity and comparability have then been developed. These ones notably include constraints on models / parameters for the internal assessment of the credit RWA for both the banking and the trading books. ln this context, the thesis work mainly consists in analyzing the relevance of such constraints to reduce the RWA variability. It makes extensive use of sensitivity analysis methods, particularly the ones based on the Hoeffding's decomposition. Regulatory treatments of the credit parameters (default correlations, default probabilities -DP -and loss given default -LGD) form the backbone of the developments. The findings suggest mixed results of the reforms. On the one hand, the constraints on the correlations for the trading book have a low impact on the RWA variability. On the other hand, the constraints on OP and LGD parameters, having a greater impact on the RWA variability, should be considered with more caution. The studies finally provide evidence that variability is amplified by the regulatory measurement of the risk and the multiple sources of calibration data.javascript:nouvelleZone('abstract');_ajtAbstract('abstract')
Minca, Andreea Catalina. "Modélisation mathématique de la contagion de défaut." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066362.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the mathematical modeling of episodes of default contagion, by which an economic shock causing initial losses and defaults of a few institutions is amplified due to complex financial linkages, leading to large scale defaults. A first approach is represented by reduced form modeling by which defaults occur according to the arrival times of a marked point process. We propose a rigorous approach to the calibration of “top down” models for portfolio credit derivatives, using Markovian projection methods and intensity control. A second, more ambitious approach is that of structural models of default risk. Here, one models specifically the economical linkages leading to contagion, building on the representation of the financial system as a network of counterparties with interlinked balance sheets. The main types of financial distress that cause financial failure are illiquidity and insolvency. Using as underlying model for a financial network a random directed graph with prescribed degrees and weights, we derive asymptotic results for the magnitude of balance-sheet contagion in a large financial network. We give an analytical expression for the asymptotic fraction of defaults, in terms of network characteristics. These results, yielding a criterion for the resilience of a large financial network to the default of a small group of financial institutions may be applied in a stress testing framework by regulator who can efficiently contain contagion. Last, we study the magnitude and dynamics of illiquidity cascades in over-the-counter markets and assess the much-debated impact, in terms of systemic risk, of introducing a CDS clearinghouse
Chiroiu, Lucian. "Modélisation de dommages consécutifs aux séismes. Extension à d'autres risques naturels." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070075.
Full textThe work deals with the earthquake loss modelling, before and after an event. First is presented the state of the art of the existing models, such as HAZUS or RISK-UE. Next, capacity curves for different model building types are developed and applied in order to obtain loss scenarios for 2 European sites: Barcelona and Nice. The use of the high resolution satellite imagery for the fast detection, mapping and loss estimation after an earthquake is analysed in the frame of a multidisciplinary approach, combining techniques of remote sensing and earthquake engineering. A multi-hazard intensity scale is presented in the end
Jerbi, Yacin. "Évaluation des options et gestion des risques financiers par les réseaux de neurones et les modèles à volatilité stochastique." Paris 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00308623.
Full textAllgeyer, Sébastien. "Modélisation de l'aléa tsunamis et des résonances côtières en France." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077078.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to improve the knowledge of tsunamis, hazard and coastal resonance in France. In the first part, we outlined the theory of free oscillations and tsunami modeling using long wave and Boussinesq approximations in a fmite difference code. All these elements have been compared and validated during benchmarks. We developed a numerical code solving the hydrodynamic equations in the Boussinesq approximation. The second part is a set of applications in the Pacific Ocean and along the French coast. We studied different events produced in the Pacific Ocean. A detailed study of the tsunami generated by the Maule earthquake (Mw 8. 8 February 28, 2010) is made in both in the near (at the Chilean coast) and far field (on DART and in French Polynesia). We compare the tsunami generated by different seismological sources of this event. We fmd that a simple source can reproduce the near-field observations. Along the Chilean coast, we study the large scale free oscillation generated by this event. Using data coming from different types of instrument (tide gauge, inclinometer), we demonstrate that these oscillations are generated by trapping waves between the trench and the coast. Because of various effects generated by tsunamis in the bays of French Polynesia depending on the earthquake location, a detailed study on resonance modes of the Marquesas was made containing a discussion of the dependence of the resonance on the azimuthal position of the source. Finally, a discussion of the tsunami hazard in metropolitan France was made. Due to a recent event (Boumerdès-Zemmouri, 2003), the tsunami risk on the Mediterranean coast is real. The study of additional events allows us to constrain better the risk. Less known the tsunami risk on the French Atlantic coast was investigated by seeking past records of tsunamis. We validated the numerical simulations performed for the sources of the XXth century, leading to the first analysis of the impacts of tsunamis generated in the area Gibraltar—Azores on the French Atlantic coast
Brochu, Maxime. "Vertueux vs opportuniste, analyse de l'effet réputation sur la performance des entreprises américaines." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10607.
Full textCoroller, Fabienne. "Surveillance et évaluation du risque de transmission des maladies vectorielles émergentes : apport de la capacité vectorielle : exemple de la fièvre catarrhale du mouton." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20227.
Full textDe, Oliveira Mota Juliana. "Évaluation des risques et bénéfices associés à la consommation de la viande rouge en France : approches méthodologiques." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ONIR139F.
Full textThe assessment of the effects of food on health, integrating chemical, microbiological and nutritional components, requires the development of risk-benefit quantification methods. Red meat, classified as probably carcinogenic by the WHO, has been chosen as the subject of these methodological developments. Three probabilistic models have been established to estimate the risks of colorectal cancer (CRC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), microbiological risks, and benefits through the reduction of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). The results were expressed in number of cases and deaths, and then in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to compare the results. Estimates were made by age group and gender or for the French population, separately quantifying variability due to population heterogeneity and uncertainty due to lack of knowledge. For 100,000 people per year, current red meat consumption is associated on average with 7 [95% CI = 3-11] DALY due to foodburden, 19 [95% CI = 8-33] DALY due to CRC, 21 [95% CI = 12-32] DALY due to CVD. In terms of benefit, red meat consumption could reduce IDA by up to 16 [95% CI = 11-20] DALY per 100,000 people. The quantitative techniques developed here with the red meat example can be applied to other issues because they are generic. More generally, the risk-benefit assessment related to food contributes to a more informed decision making by the manager and ultimately to more reasoned consumer information
Ricou-Berthelot, Anaïs. "Risque génotoxique et ovocytes. : Etude sur modèle souris de la génotoxicité des cryoprotecteurs et des protocoles de vitrification ovocytaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5025/document.
Full textGenetic toxicology is a discipline that aims to detect chemical or physical factors interact with the DNA of somatic and / or germ cells and in the absence of accurate repair, are likely to cause gene and / or chromosomal mutations. The comet assay is a simple, reproductive and rapid test to study primary DNA damage. This microelectrophoretic technique, is used to visualize denatured DNA fragments migrating out of the cell nucleus during electrophoresis. The image obtained is a ''comet'' with a distinct head consisting of intact DNA and a tail containing relaxed DNA loops or broken pieces of DNA. Oocyte vitrification techniques is booming in the world, with the key to many applications: alternative to IVF embryo freezing, fertility preservation before gonadotoxic treatment, development of oocyte donation. Oocyte Vitrification traps all the aqueous solutions in a vitreous solid phase, preventing any ice crystal formation, because of very high cooling rates and high cryoprotectants concentrations. vitrification-cryopreservation has led to several hundred live births with reassuring obstetrical and perinatal outcomes. However, little is known about the possible long-term consequences on human live births after oocyte vitrification. The objective of this work was initially to develop and validate a technique comet assay on mouse oocyte, then to evaluate on mature oocytes the genotoxic effects of PrOH solution and finally the genotoxic effects of three oocyte vitrification protocols used in human ART the genotoxic of three oocyte vitrification protocols used in human