Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Evaluation en éducation'
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Arvaniti, Nellie. "Evaluation du niveau de formation initiale en éducation de la santé chez de futurs enseignants en éducation physique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212059.
Full textRoussel, Jacques. "Evaluation et apprentissage : l'evaluation en arithmetique au cycle des apprentissages." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20062.
Full textTeachers hope for a theory of evaluation that precsibes means and conditions of correct evaluation. Epistemological treatment of didactic evaluationshows that all standard conception entail the destruction of its object: relativism, differenciation and diversity are the essential properties of the treatment of pupils' answers. That view is applied to evaluation in arithmetic in the beginners'classes. The hypothesis of "answering evaluation", linked to the "answering teching", a theory developed by l. Not, explains two facts: the preservation of the propose of didactic evaluation, i. E. The appropriation of knowledge, its structure and genesis; the protection against a cheating operator that pretends to turn an answer into a result. When the conditions of answering evaluation are not observed, evaluation becomes a pseudo or a meta-evaluation. The proof is established after a critical review of recent papers about the didactics of arithmetic and an analysis of a variety of non didactic evaluation. The purpose of the thesis was to examine two possibilities : the practice of evaluation by the teacher in the class-room and the content of the training of teachers for evaluation
Rollin-Laurent, Sabine. "Identification par les élèves de critères d'évaluation des exercices : un exemple en chimie en classe de seconde." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10056.
Full textThis research addresses three questions : - what is the representation which the students make for themselves about chemical problem-solving achievement ? - if a student has identified a criterion in a self assessment device, is he/she able to meet this criterion in following problems ? - are the results different for more able from those for less able students ? the main bases of this research are found in the discourses of formative assessment and didactics of chemical and physical science. The criteria which the students use to assess their responses can be related to their knowledge of the scientific field involved and to the other characteristics of their representation of the achieved task. We consider that these criteria are linked essentially with two concepts in the didactic field. The "didactic contract" is the set of rules which allows the relationship between teacher, student and scientific knowledge to function successfully. The second concept is "relation to knowledge". In a formative assessment device, there is a student-centered regulation-loop : a student can decide to improve his/her response by meeting a criterion which he/she has identified. This research was conducted at the moment of the chemistry course when the teacher introduced the concept of amount of substance. The students were asked to solve chemical problems using this concept, and then they had to assess their responses, by identifying what is right in it, and what are the errors. We collected more than three hundred evaluation sheets. From the data analysis, we found out that students used more general criteria than criteria related to the chemical knowledge which they are supposed to be learning. Even if each student is able to identify few criteria, an identified criterion is more often met in following problems, and this result is more obvious for less able than for more able students
Hentzen, Philippe. "La régulation didactique en éducation musicale en cycle 4 (collège)." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIML003.
Full textThe purpose of the thesis is to study what is taught and what is learned in music education at the middle school level in Cycle 4. It deals with formative and learning support assessment approaches from a didactic perspective. It focuses on the didactic regulation practices of three teachers in perception and production activities. The theoretical framework cross-references the concepts forged in the field of formative evaluation research with those in didactic research to reflect the process of knowledge transfer-appropriation. The data collection is based on data collected in situ combined with ante and post session interviews in a complete teaching sequence. The micro-didactic analyses carried out show that regulations are often interactive and occur mainly during production activities. They are controlled by teachers who act on students’ self-regulation, to intervene more often on a vocal problem voice accuracy, vocal coordination. In turn, the teachers react and intervene when there is a problem with voice accuracy or vocal coordination. To accomplish this the teacher can use didactic tools such as the piano, body gestures and/or « a capella » melodies. The study of the content of regulations also makes it possible to question the practical epistemology of teachers who call on expert knowledge on the one hand and on the other hand on extracurricular musical experience to build didactic devices that promote, among other things, the learning of accuracy and the vocal involvement of students
Vuacheux, Bonneaud Brigitte. "Les dimensions cognitives et sociales de l'enfant dans les processus d'évaluation à l'école primaire : un écheveau difficile à démêler." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100090.
Full textThis research aims to enlighten the relations between academic and behavioral evaluations of children. It focuses on assessment processes which rely on knowledge one has on the other. To what extent diversity and complexity of information processed by teachers contribute to their knowledge of the child? What is the importance of this contribution, and for which children is this impact utmost? The concept of school failure is examined in a sociohistorical perspective. Such approach underlines the successive transformations of the concept and its associated determinants. The concept of + competence; in the + evaluation culture; is described according to the contemporary development on the educational system. The collected data are based on the evaluation of 695 pupils from pre-school and in third grade of primary schools. Children's academic performances and behavior skills were assessed by their school teachers. These evaluations were completed with sociodemographic information on the families. Results show strong links between academic evaluations and behavioral profiles of children. When children presented problems in school, the teacher's perception and their actions toward the families were taken into account. In order to identify the main factors considered by teachers, a content analysis was conducted. Additional data were gathered from the teacher’s prognostic of children's academic success. The discussion enlightens the complexity of the sociocognitive processes involved in academic assessment of children. Social representations, social stereotypes, attributional processes, implicit theories of personalities, and social utilities all contribute to teacher’s judgement
Delorme, Fabien. "Evaluation et modélisation automatiques des connaissances des apprenants à l'aide de cartes conceptuelles." Rouen, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAM0012.
Full textLeconte-Beauport, Marie-Flore. "Evaluation pour l'intégration des savoir faire et des savoir être dans la formation infirmière." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX10033.
Full textGauthier, Roger-François. "« Malgoverno » éducatif et questions curriculaires en France : fil rouge sur travaux (1985-2010)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20001/document.
Full textThis thesis, consisting mainly in submitting a corpus of previous works, is made of one “guiding light” volume (119 pages) and four volumes that reproduce (A) books, collective books, articles and contributions to collective works, (B) official reports of “inspection générale” of which the author was main or associated pilot, (C) articles from reviews, (D) lectures and communications, and (E) published interviews.The first part explains from which circumstances a senior civil servant of the Department of Education regularly produced such works since 1985 and how these works step by step got their first consistency. It also tells from which motivations, be they superficial or deeper, the academic legitimization of these works is aimed for in the framework of a PhD. It also questions the grounds of this academic legitimacy, from the ways the objects were built, the kinds of reasoning that are used and the produced results themselves. The second part starts from what in the previous works dealt with the way the French Educational system is ruled, with two subtitles “A Department of ignorance?” and “Disorder in Educational authorities” : it is shown to what extent the notion of “educational system”, made sacred as it is, together with fallacious political positions about evaluation, with the frequent ignorance of international issues in most educational decisions, and with a weak official interest towards knowledge about education, reinforces the central State, as far as Education is concerned, as an actor paradoxically monopolistic, ignorant and powerless.The third part is more specifically dedicated to one aspect of the educational system that is often ignored and taboo, namely curricular policies: the author does not only show that the concept of curriculum itself is not used, but that the disorder that has for long characterized the way the curricula are produced in France, makes up a system together with a disinterest towards what students actually learn, this disinterest being itself part of the selection-oriented French educational tradition. Eventually, it analyses to which extent the introduction of the “common core of competencies to be reached at the end of compulsory education” (“socle commun”) opens the way for the first curricular policy in this country
Brouard, Agnès. "Pharmacie clinique et formation continue des pharmaciens d'officine : élaboration et validation d'un outil d'évaluation." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA114817.
Full textCoudeyre, Emmanuel. "Evaluation de l'impact de l'information sur les peurs et croyances liées à l'activité physique dans la lombalgie." Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STET007T.
Full textNdiaye, Valdiodio. "Evaluation de l'utilisation de la vidéo dans des travaux pratiques universitaires de biologie." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10125.
Full textDidierjean, Marc. "Evaluation et processus cognitifs : contribution à l'étude des processus cognitifs de la tâche d'évaluation." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10014.
Full textMintsa, M'Obiang Diophante. "Evaluation des universités gabonaises depuis leur création : le cas de l'université Omar Bongo à Libreville." Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO2004.
Full textSince its opening, the Omar Bongo University works at the pace of without precedent crisis : unceasing teachers and students' strikes, campus closed and locked up by the police and by soldiers and mainly, the rate of underperforming at school which is increasing in year. The extent of these crises raises the question of the necessity to understand and to interpret the causes of these malfunctions for the university players and the political decision-makers. In order to find some solutions which are adapted to the Gabonese realities, it is essential nowadays to adopt an approach integrating the notions of evaluation, competence and efficiency. So, our study places itself in such issues and wonders about the factors which influence the success of the failure of the students of the Omar Bongo University, through the theories of the effective school. The result of our study shows us a succession of failings of the first Gabonese university institution : the insufficient learning and reception conditions, educational practices which are close to favoritism, crisis of the educational authority, the political appointment of the persons in charge of the university, the management of human resources is not controlled, etc. This gap between the current statutory texts and these practices is characterized by the influence of the inter and extra-academics effects which have disastrous consequences on the main actors of the campus of the Omar Bongo University. Being bases on these facts, this study offers some trails of solutions which are able to improve the yield and the efficiency of the students and the researchers of the Omar Bongo University
Briole, Simon. "Essays on the determinants of student achievement in France and the US : teacher evaluation, teaching practices and social interactions in middle school." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEH006.
Full textThe Human Capital Theory developed by Gary Becker in the 60's substantially widened the area of investigation of economics. Over the last two decades, many studies in the economics of education intended to identify the characteristics of an educational system which enable individuals to acquire as much skills, knowledge and information as possible. This thesis contribute to this literature by studying two aspects of the educational environment that has particularly attracted economists' attention over recent years: teacher productivity and peer effects in the classroom. The first chapter of this thesis investigate to what extent teaching practices implemented by math teachers in the US relate to their students' math performance. First, it shows that every single hour spent in the classroom studying mathematics generate a significant improvement in students' math performance. Second, it shows that the productivity of instructional time strongly relates to the implementation of interactive teaching practices, which require student active participation in the lesson. More precisely, each hour spent with a teacher putting a high weight on this kind of practices is 2 to 3 times more productive than an hour spent with a teacher putting a higher weight on traditional practices, such a teacher lecture. The second chapter of this thesis studies the impact of a public policy aimed at improving teachers' practices, namely the individual teacher evaluation system in French secondary education. In this chapter, we show that students' performance at the end-of-middle school national exam significantly improve after the evaluation of their math teacher, not only for students taught by an evaluated teacher the year of the evaluation, but also for students taught by the same teacher on subsequent years, suggesting a long-lasting improvement in teacher pedagogical skills. These positive effects persist over time for students, who not only perform better at the end-of-middle school exam but also choose more often and graduate more often from the science track in high school. In addition, the positive effects of teacher evaluation are particularly salient in education priority schools, in contexts where teaching is often very challenging.The third chapter of this thesis investigates the effect of school peers' gender on students' performance and educational careers in French middle schools. First, it shows that the proportion of female peers' in middle school has persistent effects on students' educational careers as it not only affects students' test score at the end-of-9th-grade national examination, but also influences their track choices and high school graduation rates several years later. Second, it shows that a larger share of girls in the classroom has positive effects for girls and negative effects for boys. More specifically, it reduces girls' dropout rates and increases their probability to graduate from an academic track in high school, especially in the scientific track, while it increases boys' probability to attend a vocational school after 9th grade and decreases their high school graduation rate
Morlaix, Sophie. "Identifier et évaluer les compétences dans le système éducatif : quels apports pour la recherche en education ?" Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00206041.
Full textLusalusa, Keyunga Tosamba Simon. "Contribution à l'étude d'indicateurs de performances dans l'apprentissage de la statistique: recherche évaluative réalisée à la transition de l'enseignement secondaire et universitaire belge." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212103.
Full textGouëdard, Pierre. "Teachers’ careers and students’ paths in higher education : three essays on public policy evaluation." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0002/document.
Full textThis thesis presents three ex-post evaluations of public policies in France in the education field. Each section aims to contribute to the interdisciplinary analytical framework of evaluation, by using the tools of econometric modelization. The first chapter focus on the effects on secondary teachers, of the 2003 reform of the public retirement system (modification of financial incentives). Stock and Wise model is structurally estimated. The second chapter measures the impact of a feature of the 2010 reform (following-up of the 2003 reform), namely the increase in the minimum legal age of retirement, on sick leaves of secondary teachers. A theoretical optimization model is built in order to develop hypothesis, that are then tested in dynamic non-linear panel data regressions. The last chapter evaluates the impact at the high-school level of a French program of affirmative action. A classic differences-in-differences methodology measures how the program affects the access rate to higher education
Leon, Rose. "Étude comparée des systèmes éducatifs préélémentaires des pays de l’OECO (Sainte-Lucie, Saint-Kitts, Martinique) : politiques éducatives, enjeux linguistiques et culturels : quelle évaluation ?" Thesis, Antilles, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANTI0598.
Full textEarly childhood education had never occupied an important place in the education systems of the OECO islands as compared to other levels of education. In cases like St. Lucia, the absence of viable education policies to guide this level of education results in a high percentage of young children not accessing early childhood education, consequently not receiving the necessary stimulation to prepare for formal education.In 2013, in an effort to respond to the demands of the population for greater investment in early childhood education, the Ministry of Education in St. Lucia, in collaboration with the Early Childhood Department, launched a programme committing themselves to improving the quality of pre-elementary education in the country.However, what are the limits of this commitment if it is not reflected in the Education Act? On the other hand, St. Kitts seems to have effectively organised the education of their young children, which enables them to boast of tremendous success. However, as far as it applies to all countries in a more global context, the thrust is on making education accessible to all.One of the objectives of the World Bank towards alleviating poverty in the world, is ensuring education for all before the year 2015. It entails making primary education compulsory. The English-speaking islands of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States, having accomplished this objective long before the promulgation by the World Bank, decided to concentrate on secondary education during the last decade.Regardless of the positive or the negative consequences, they pronounce that this objective has been accomplished. In light of this, they have focused on pre-elementary education, but how do they project into the future? A survey carried out in St. Lucia in 2013, as a preliminary stage of this research, revealed a preelementary programme without structure, generally governed by local entrepreneurs. Added to this, the creolisation of these countries plays an important role in the education of the young. In fact, a child is nurtured in a particular cultural context through which he learns to express himself. All these considerations are necessary in this thrust towards education for all. Simultaneously, the French Antilles, members of the European Union and recent associate members of the Organisation of Caribbean States (OECO), are subject to a dual challenge: the European educational standards and the eagerness to take into consideration the cultural and linguistic specificities in a Caribbean context. In effect, the integration of Martinique in the OECO gives an opportunity to compare pre-elementary education policies in order to evaluate the possibilities of working on common ground
La educación de primera infancia nunca ha ocupado un lugar importante en los sistemas de educación de las islas de la OECO comparados a otros niveles de educación. En casos como el de St. Lucia, la ausencia de políticas educacionales para guiar este nivel de educación resulta en un alto porcentaje de jóvenes sin acceso a la educación de primaria infancia, y por consiguiente sin la motivación necesaria para ingresarse en la educación formal. En 2013, tratando de dar respuesta a las demandas de la población por una inversión mayor en la educación de primaria infancia, el Ministerio de Educación en St. Lucia, en colaboración con el Departamento de Primera Infancia, lanzó un programa comprometiéndose al mejoramiento de la calidad de la enseñanza de primera infancia en el país.Sin embargo, ¿cuáles son los límites de este compromiso si no se refleja en la Ley de Educación? Por otro lado, parece que St. Kitts ha tenido una organización efectiva de la educación de sus jóvenes, lo cual los permite jactarse de mucho éxito. Sin embargo, en cuanto a la aplicación a otros países en un contexto global, el empuje es de hacer que la educación sea accesible a todo el mundo.Uno de los objetivos del Banco Mundial hacia la reducción de la pobreza en el mundo, es asegurar la educación para todos antes del año 2015. Impone un carácter obligatorio a la educación de primera infancia. Las islas de habla inglesa de la OECO, habiendo realizado este objetivo mucho antes de la declaración por el Banco Mundial, decidieron concentrar en la educación secundaria durante la última década. A pesar de las consecuencias positivas o negativas, declaran que se ha cumplido este objetivo. En luz de esto, han concentrado en la educación pre-elemental, pero ¿cómo se proyectan hacia el futuro? Una encuesta llevada a cabo en St. Lucia en 2013, como fase preliminar de esta investigación, reveló un programa de educación pre-elemental sin estructura, generalmente controlado por empresarios locales.Agregado a esto, la criollización de estos países juega papel importante en la educación de la juventud. De hecho, un niño se cría en un entorno cultural determinado mediante el cual aprende a expresarse. Todas estas consideraciones son necesarias en este empujón hacia la educación para todos. Al mismo tiempo, las Antillas Francesas, miembros de la Unión Europea y recientes miembros asociados de la OECO, están sujetos a un desafío doble: las normas educacionales europeas y la avidez de tomar en cuenta las especificidades lingüísticas en un contexto caribeño. En efecto, la integración de Martinica a la OECO proporciona la oportunidad de comparar las políticas de la educación de primera infancia para evaluar las posibilidades de colaborar en un terreno común
Pelissero, Christian. "Les relations de co-construction entre l'activité évaluative et l'autonomisation des apprentissages dans le cas de l’enseignement du français langue étrangère au Japon." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA3007/document.
Full textTraditionally based on an transmissible approach to knowledge and on their assumptive evaluation, the Japanese educational context is not, nevertheless hermetic in the non-conventional didactic approaches (Freinet, Montessori, Dewey)whose objective was the empowerment of the learners, or in the principles of the CECR. A more contemporary style, that advocates an actionoriented approach to the education favorable to the empowerment of the learners, to their elfassessment and to the evaluation of their skills more than their knowledge. This work is put in relation the processes of transmissible or education/learning and\or emporwerment, the evaluation and the culture of education/learning kept in mind. In this research I would like to highlight and help to understand the fundamental process of this relation. For that purpose, the hypothesis for a Autopoietic Mechanism of Coconstruction between the Empowerment and the (Self-)assessment (MARCAA, in french) was put to the test through observations (in 21 classes of 12 establishments) and representations on the autonomy and the evaluation of 21 teachers. As a result, the empowerment and the evaluation have a relation of coconstruction by the possibilities of choice and decisions which are given to the learner during their study
Cissé, Mpemba Liz Odette. "Ethique et vie scolaire : pragmatisme du censeur de vie scolaire chargé de la discipline." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3108.
Full textIn Gabon, the deputy Head master in charge of life and discipline reaches that function after a nomination decided in a council of ministers. This function raises some concern related to the entropic environment in which the activity is practiced.The entropic setting with reference to the learner raises the question of the values the latter is marked with. As for the function of deputy headmaster in charge of school life and discipline, the concern is that of his/her ethical pragmatism, given that he/she has the duty to conduct the training of the pupils while giving them the opportunity to “arise” physically, intellectually, morally and if possible, spiritually. As for the approaches in this dissertation, we dealt with the complexity of the deep movement of ethics, the responsibility at vocational and meta-levels and that of specific and contextual values that have been identified through the analysis of the interviews the pupils have been submitted to and which are recorded as ethics of the target audience. It is an ethics whose variations and weak frequencial variations are specific to each person.At the individual level, every deputy headmaster in charge of school life and discipline should reach a growth and a depli of his/her professional ipseity. Beyond the individual ethics, our aim in proposing an improvement of the working environment is to use the instability and the weakness of the subjects’ interactions as unintentionally favoring elements of their reality. The subjects can therefore get rid of the consciousness of their observing ego, to adopt the instability caused by a constant change of standpoint
Thiaw, Mame. "Problématique de l'affirmation de la baisse du niveau scientifique et de la relation entre connaissances déclaratives et résolution de problèmes: les représentations spontanées de la démarche scientifique chez les élèves. Etude de cas dans l'enseignement de la biologie au Sénégal." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211745.
Full textFernandez-Jammet, Lizet. "Evaluation longitudinale de l'efficacité d'une prise en charge cognitivo-comportementale de groupe destinéé à des patients atteints de fibromyalgie : une recherche menée en Centre d'Etude et de Traitement de la Douleur (CETD) de l'Hôpital St Antoine (Paris)." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR2020/document.
Full textA longitudinally comparative study assessed a group self-management CBT program efficacy for 112 fibromyalgia hospital outpatients, aged 18 to 66. They were andomized in treatment group GTCC (8 weekly 2 hours sessions) and reference group GTEM (one 2 hours therapeutic patient education session), both organized with 5 to 9 patients. All patients were submitted a socio-demographic data and clinical questionnaire before intervention and a clinical re-evaluation at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. No significant differences between GTCC and GTEM groups were found. GTCC results shows significant short and long-term improvement in motivation to maintain the new strategies, quality of life and health status; and in decreased catastrophizing coping strategies, pain intensity, anxiety and depression propensity. No change in pain severity was found. Depression and pain can predict the development of psychological and clinical factors. A fibromyalgia self-management CBT program is efficient at short and long term
Aubourdy, Florence. "L' imposture scolaire ou l'impasse du désir." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30076.
Full textSchool is becoming the place of a growing malaise which endangers the egalitarian access to educational resources and perverts the learner/ knowledge relationship. This causes an increase in cases of submission, rejection, violence, sources of tension and resistance to learning with unavoidable repercussions on society. Acts of exclusion, segregation, imposed career choices, justifications of an individualistic and merchant logic brandished by the current productivist world. A fundamental misunderstanding of the notions of difference, separation, cut-off that shake the very principles of reason and adversely foster an unease, not to mention a hatred of schools and institutions. The thinking aims to demonstrate, based upon psychoanalytic concepts, how evaluation, a new techno-scientific muse, draws out the figure of the current educational imposture through the genesis of a twisted vision and a “case-file child” logic. This perversion permeates pedagogical practices, fostering a symbolic, physical and moral violence for a growing number of pupils. The desire deadlock threatens the very symbolic structures and construction of thought itself. As a consequence, to question the educational “thing”, on the threshold between enjoyment and sacrifice, forces the educational institution to confront the issue: what is it that needs to die a slow death so that can be reborn, through a humanity-bearing way of thinking, the desire for a shared world in “the great common house”?
Meugnier, Guillaume. "Mutations fonctionnelles et référentielles des modèles de coopération entre associations d'éducation populaire et pouvoirs publics : l'exemple du partenariat entre la Ligue de l'enseignement et le ministère de l'Education nationale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH043/document.
Full textThis research questions the heuristic and operational issues of the video in the practice of urban planning. To do this, it operates a meeting between the notion of architectural and urban environments, as developed in Cresson, with image-mouvement and image-temps concepts developed by Deleuze. Then it proposes to give effect to this meeting in the practice of urban planning through digital compositing, technical handling of moving images. The hypothesis guiding this research is that it is possible to define a image-composite able to argue and to debate specific environments territories studied phenomena. This assumption is formalized around two corpus, the first comes from an artistic practice of video that motivated the development of this thesis, the second is from a practice of video in urban planning agency was carried out throughout this research. This work adds value to the video as knowledge media on one side and posture as a project of the other. Support for knowledge, because video offers the possibility of renewing the phenomenological approach in force in the atmospheres of the field by a sensitive understanding of phenomena in time of updating. Project posture, because the video is likely to reconfigure relational modalities implemented in dynamic analysis and design of the space and territory
Alivon, Fanny. "La segrégation spatiale et économique : une analyse en termes d'emploi et d'éducation dans les espaces urbains." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOE009/document.
Full textCities are not homogeneous territories: some neighborhoods concentrate wealth while others face difficulties such as unemployment, poverty, exclusion or crime. These fractures are a consequence of urban segregation, i.e. socioeconomic inequalities spatial pattern. To that matter, this thesis addresses three objectives: (i) the characterization and explanation of segregated urban structures appearance, (ii) the link between segregation and labor market, and eventually (iii) the link between segregation and education. According to Urban Economics, the urban structure influences individual’s employment status through the distance to jobs. This hypothesis is tested via an empirical study on the Marseille urban area. The link between segregation and education is apprehended through the educational public policies evaluations. The effects of these policies are characterized through a critical literature review and an empirical study of the role of the “Politique de la Ville” on the junior high school student’s schooling in Ile-de-France. This approach highlights the effects of job distance, neighborhoods and peer effects on individual’s employment status. This approach also shows the “Politique de la Ville” positive effect on grade retention and the nuanced effect on schooling choices. Finally, this thesis provides an explication to the existence and form of the urban segregation in France
Broussouloux, Sandrine. "Evaluation du processus d’implantation d’un dispositif global de promotion de la santé en milieu scolaire, liens avec le climat scolaire et la réussite scolaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1028/document.
Full textABMA (increased well-being for better learning) is a health promoting school program based on international literature on the concept of health promoting schools. The planning and implementation of the health promotion program ABMA was constructed in the Lyon school board in 19 pilot schools. The program goal is to guide a school to become a health promoting school. The project is within the framework of interventional research. Our study consisted of identifying the enabling and inhibiting factors in the implementation of a health promotion program in the French education system. Evaluation methods are mixed: quantitative, but primarily qualitative. Independent variables correspond to individual characteristics of the school, to academic performance and to school climate. The dependent variables correspond to the level and quality of implementation of the program as well as the support process in the school. The results highlight the importance of the support process and show that the implication of the school board is essential for the long-term success. For schools, the main facilitating factors for global health promotion development are the involvement of the principal, regular communication to the entire educational community, a good initial evaluation of current conditions and individualized support
Hussaan, Aarij. "Generation of Adaptive Pedagogical Scenarios in Serious Games." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10346.
Full textA serious game is a game whose principal objective is other than only entertainment. In this thesis, we are interested in a particular type of serious games: the learning games. These games make the learning process more attractive and amusing through fun-based challenges that increase the motivation and engagement of learners. In this context, this thesis focuses on the problem of the automatic generation of pedagogical scenarios in the learning games. It is thus a question of apprehending the integration of a pedagogical scenario with computer games within the context of learning games. By pedagogical scenario, we mean a suite of pedagogical activities, integrated in a learning game, allowing a learner to achieve one or more pedagogical objectives. The objective of our research is to define representation and reasoning models allowing the generation of adaptive pedagogical scenarios which can be used in serious games, in particular the learning games. The generated scenarios should take into account the user’s profile, pedagogical goals and also his interaction traces. The traces get used to update the user profile and to evolve the domain knowledge. The proposed knowledge representation model allows organizing the domain knowledge in three-layer architecture: the domain concepts layer, the pedagogical resources layer and the game resources layer. For each of these layers, we have proposed an adapted formalization. The generic organization of knowledge allows evolving the elements of a layer without changing or affecting the elements of other layers. Similarly, it allows putting into relation the same domain knowledge with different games.As for the scenario generation model, it comprises of three successive steps. Firstly, starting from the user profile and his pedagogical objectives, it generates a conceptual scenario. This consists in selecting a certain number of concepts, among the domain concepts of the first layer, allowing satisfying the targeted concepts. These targeted concepts represent the pedagogical objectives of the user. The conceptual scenario is then transformed into the pedagogical scenario. For this, it requires to select for each concept in the conceptual scenario one or many pedagogical resources in relation with the concept in question. This selection takes into account the presentation model and the adaptation knowledge. The former allows structuring the pedagogical resources according to their type. The adaptation knowledge allows setting the difficulty level for each pedagogical resource in the pedagogical scenario. The third and final step consists in putting into relation the pedagogical resources of the pedagogical scenario with the game resources keeping into account the game model. On the basis of the proposed models of representation and reasoning, we have developed the platform GOALS (Generator Of Adaptive Learning Scenarios). It is a platform, generic and accessible on-line, allowing the generation of adaptive pedagogical scenarios. This platform has been used in the context of a serious game for the evaluation and reeducation of cognitive troubles within the context of the FUI project CLES (Cognitive Linguistic Elements Stimulations). To validate our contribution, we have conducted several evaluations in the context of project CLES. The objective of these evaluations is two-fold; firstly, to validate the scenario generator models, secondly, to study the impact of the scenarios generated by GOALS on the learning of users. For these two objectives, we have proposed two evaluation protocols. These protocols have been put into practice in the context of two field experiments
Cambon, Sandrine. "Évaluation d'une politique publique sectorielle de lutte contre les exclusions : le cas de la classe de troisième d'insertion." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00009232.
Full textApostolo, Sandra. "La méthodologie CLIL-EMILE dans les classes d'histoire en Italie : évaluation, autoévaluation et co-évaluation entre pairs." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2025.
Full textThe purpose of our research is to study whether formative evaluation in oral performances, can be effective to the CLIL methodology when teaching History through French. This acronym refers to any learning situation that involves the integration of subject content and a foreign language as a vector. In Italy, as in most countries, CLIL courses are provided by subject teachers for whom it is not always easy to properly manage language issues. In fact CLIL represents a challenge from several points of view, but it is the oral evaluation/assessment that implies the most difficulties, in particular with regard to the language.The results of our investigation corroborate this fact and often underline the complexity of the CLIL assessment due to the double target of language and content. So how do we solve this problem? How can assessment be made less complicated for teachers and more useful so that students can become aware of their mistakes? What are the most appropriate assessment approaches for this methodology? Are there any instruments that could be useful to teachers and students?We led a two-phase survey in the CLIL Institutional History classes, where the teacher had attended the CLIL courses organized by the Ministry of Education, University and Research. Our survey was carried out in two phases and through online questionnaires addressed to both learners and their teachers. In the first phase we proposed a questionnaire on CLIL and on oral assessment. After that, we created assessment, self- and peer assessment rubrics, which participants used for several months when assessing on oral performances. Through the second-phase questionnaires we wanted to collect data, specifically on the effects of the using the rubrics. Through our research we thus want to determine whether the typical approaches of formative evaluation are relevant to the requirements of CLIL methodology, to suggest ways to reduce the complexity of oral assessment and help learners to improve their communicative skills
Silvestre, Franck. "Conception et mise en oeuvre d'un système d'évaluation formative pour les cours en face à face dans l'enseignement supérieur." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30167/document.
Full textThe significant growth in student numbers and changing learner profiles observed during the last two decades have shaken higher education. The need to adapt teaching strongly appeared. Face to face lectures for a large audience are a sustainable frame for research and implementation of new pedagogical practices. In this context, different studies show that the use of audience response system (ARS) is an efficient way to provide students with formative assessments during lectures and that they engage a large numbers of attendees. However, these systems do not integrate all dimensions of formative assessments, they do not take advantages of sharing text systems (STS) who appeared with Internet and therefore provide only limited types of interaction. Thus, our work addresses the following research questions : - how to enhance implementation of formative assessments in the context of face to face lectures adressed to a large number of students ? - how to maintain engagement of the majority of students in activities related to these formative assessments ? In order to answer these questions, we first propose a framework for the design of formative assessment systems to be used during face to face lectures addressed to a large audience. Thus, we introduce the concept of Audience Assessment and describe its related processes using a standard language. Then, in order to enhance implementation of formative assessments addressed to a large audience, we propose a new process called "N phases process" which introduces characteristic activities and strategies of formative assessments such as peer assessment or use of students as resources of instruction for others. This process supports also richer types of interaction such as answer given as free text entry or feedback provided as text. The second part of our work focuses on the design and the implementation of the audience assessment system called " Tsaap-Notes ". Tsaap-Notes combines the strengths of SVI and STS to implement the N phases process. A series of experimentations has been conducted on Tsaap-Notes showing good results on the capacity of the N phases process to engage the large majority of students
Gélis, Anthony. "Mesure du niveau d’éducation des lésés médullaires aux règles de prévention des escarres et de gestion du risque cutané grâce au SMnac : validation de la version française." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON14002/document.
Full textPressure ulcer is a multi-factor complication after spinal cord injury. The risk factors are different between the acute stage and the chronic stage. During the chronic stage, the impact of health behavior risk factors still needs to be determined. Furthermore, most educational therapeutic programs conducted on persons with spinal cord injury are aimed to act on these risk factors allowing the patient to be in charge of his or her health. On a skin level the Skin Management Needs Assessment Checklist is the only tool found in the literature to assess behavioral risks in persons with spinal cord injury. It is a questionnaire in the English language including 12 items exploring skin monitoring, pressure ulcer and wound preventions. It met with our expectations both on conceptual and clinical levels. This work consisted in providing a translation, transcultural adaptation and complete validation of the French version of the SMnac. The revised SMnac obtained after the translation and transcultural adaptation is made of 19 items. Questionnaire's reproducibility is excellent. Construct validity was evaluated with 7 convergence hypotheses and 3 divergence hypotheses and is satisfactory. Internal coherence is high and responsiveness to change, evaluated during the acute phase of SCI management, is also high
Tanana, Mariam. "Evaluation formative du savoir-faire des apprenants à l'aide d'algorithmes de classification : application à l'électronique numérique." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442930.
Full textTukanda, Manya Daniel. "Evaluation de l'efficacité des établissements d'enseignement secondaire: analyse des indicateurs favorisant la plus-value pédagogique des établissements :étude réalisée en République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210135.
Full textCompte tenu des distorsions importantes dans les conclusions des recherches « processus-produits » qui décrivent les relations entre les facteurs investis(inputs) et le produit (output) dans le domaine de l’éducation et au regard de la littérature interna-tionale mettant en relief une multitude de variables(macro et micro-sociologiques) qui semblent influencer la réussite scolaire des élèves, nous avons tenu à mettre en évidence dans le contexte de l’enseignement en RDC certaines variables d’ordre scolaire pouvant amener les écoles à la réalisation de la plus-value pédagogique.
Ces dernières décennies, il y a certes une prolifération des établissements d’enseignement jamais existée dans le système éducatif congolais. Mais, ce qui est frappant et étonnant dans ce système éducatif aujourd’hui est le fait de la différence de niveau très remarquable entre élèves de même profil fréquentant les établissements scolaires différents. Leurs élèves soumis à des tests standards, on constate que certains d’entre ces établissements réalisent la plus-value pédagogique alors que d’autres réalisent la moins-value.
Quelles sont les variables d’ordre scolaire pouvant expliquer cette différence de rendement ?Telle est la question principale à laquelle cette étude tente d’apporter quelques éléments de réponse. Face à cette question, l’hypothèse générale que nous avons émise est qu’il existe un « effet-établissement » qui influence les acquisitions de tous les profils d’élèves en classe.
Ce travail s’articule sur deux parties principales emboîtées. La première partie explore quelques théories sur la réussite ou l’échec scolaire des élèves et examine les résultats de quelques études empiriques mettant en relief les effets relatifs de scolarisation. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la description de la démarche méthodologique de notre recherche et à l’analyse des résultats des élèves à nos tests de français et de mathématique. Elle est aussi consacrée à l’analyse des réactions des enseignants et du personnel de direction scolaire à notre questionnaire relatif aux facteurs prioritaires sur lesquels on peut à l’instant porter en tout premier lieu une attention particulière afin d’améliorer le rendement scolaire.
Par une analyse des résultats de 605 élèves de dix-huit établissements de l'enseignement secondaire ayant passé nos tests et aussi par une analyse des réponses à notre questionnaire auquel 122 enseignants et 49 personnel ( conseillers, proviseurs et chefs d’établissement ) de direction des établissements concernés par cette étude ont réagi, nous avons tenté de mettre en évidence certaines caractéristiques scolaires pouvant entraîner la réalisation de la plus et/ou moins-value pédagogique dans une école.
D’une manière générale, les résultats de cette étude montrent que la différence de performances des élèves apprenant dans les établissements différents semble être liée à certaines caractéristiques propres aux établissements scolaires et à des pratiques enseignantes. Vu les résultats présentés par les élèves des classes identifiées comme étant « efficaces » et « équitables », les caractéristiques (celles mises en évidence) des écoles organisant ces classes donnent à penser que celles-ci exercent un effet sur les acquisitions des élèves.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Garrouste, Manon. "Ressources scolaires et réactions individuelles : trois essais en économie de l'éducation." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010010/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to study the interdependence of school resources and individual resources in human capital production. In three empirical analyses using French data, various methods arc proposed to evaluate the impact of educational policies, taking individual behaviors into account. The first chapter shows that compensatory education policies may result in individual sorting. The fact that socially more advantaged families tend to avoid treated schools cancels out additional resources positive effects on academic achievement. The second chapter examines whether pupils are constrained by local school supply. We find that opening a new high school increases the proportion of pupils who continue in upper secondary education, particularly in a vocational track. Studying how students evaluate teaching, the third chapter shows that they take contemporaneous information about their grades into account when they evaluate teachers' pedagogical qualities
Jamain, Ludivine. "Biais d'auto-évaluation de compétence en français et en mathématiques chez les élèves de primaire : évolution et implications pour l'adaptation et la réussite scolaire des élèves?" Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH006/document.
Full textThe illusive positive view of the self (overestimation of the self) seems inherent to human cognition. This illusion fluctuates in its intensity according to the age and degree of abstraction of the concept evaluated. In this thesis, we are interested in the positive or negative illusions of self-perceptions among elementary school student aged from 8 to 11. We put the focus in this thesis on the difference between a student's academic skills, measured by standardized tests, and the student’s self-evaluation of his competence. The self-evaluation bias of school competency refer to this gap studied so far by considering the general abilities of the students (see Bouffard, Pansu & Boissicat, 2013). In this thesis, the bias is approached in specific domains: in French and in mathematics. The overall goal is to understand the links between biased self-assessments of competency, student adjustments and academic achievements in these two disciplines. At an individual level, a three-year longitudinal follow-up study of third elementary grade to fifth grade students (N = 677) allowed to define four developmental trajectories of the self-evaluation bias: three fairly stable trajectories, one positive, one neutral, one negative, and the last trajectory evolving from a very negative bias to a positive one. We examined then the links between these trajectories and scholastic adjustment measures. Considering these results, in a second study we examined the self-regulation and academic performance of students according to their biased self-evaluation. The highlight of links between self-evaluation bias and students’ adjustment were relevant to account for detrimental or beneficial nature of the bias, according to its valence. At an inter-individual level, we were interested in a third study on the link between student self-assessment bias and the judgment of their teacher. At last, in a final study, we assessed the ability of teachers to identify self-biased evaluation in their students. In the case of teachers appraising students who overestimate their competence, the results of the last study conducted on this students two years later suggest that this process is unconscious
Blanié, Antonia. "Evaluation expérimentale du raisonnement clinique dans le cadre des jeux sérieux pour la formation des professionnels de santé. Comparative value of a simulation by gaming and a traditional teaching method to improve clinical reasoning skills necessary to detect patient deterioration: a randomized study in nursing students Assessing validity evidence for a serious game dedicated to patient clinical deterioration and communication." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS092.
Full textImprovement of clinical reasoning (CR) is a key issue for the future of medicine because it has been established that imperfect reasoning leads to insufficient care results. CR is a complex cognitive process which synthesizes information obtained from the clinical situation, then uses it to make a diagnostic analysis and take a decision on patient management by integrating previous knowledge and experience. Training for this skill is therefore essential. To improve reasoning, knowledge of the mechanisms which build it up is necessary and a review of these mechanisms constitutes the initial part of this thesis.Training of healthcare professionals through simulation is becoming widespread with the objective of "never the first time on a patient". In rapid expansion, the use of serious games (SG) represents an interesting pedagogical tool. A review of the literature on the effectiveness of SG and more particularly in the context of CR is also included in the initial part of this thesis. Thus, SG is effective and may, among other things, target certain skills, including CR. However, most studies dealing with CR by using SG include qualitative assessments or self-assessments of learners or focus only on the outcome (decision making). Therefore, the educational value and modalities of SG in the training of CR of health professionals remain to be further explored.The SG LabForGames Warning was developed in the LabForSIMS simulation center for nursing students and targets detection of patient deterioration and the ensuing communication. The objective of this thesis is to test a learning mode using SG simulation in order to improve CR in healthcare professionals.The first study evaluated the validity of the SG LabForGames Warning according to the Messick’s Framework. This study showed that scores and playing time could not differentiate the level of clinical skills of nurses. However, evidence of validity was obtained for content, response process and internal structure. Although this version of the game cannot therefore be used for summative evaluation of students, our study shows that this SG is well accepted by students and can be used for training within an educational program.A second study evaluated the effectiveness of 2 teaching modalities on learning CR for the detection of clinical patient deterioration by comparing a group of nursing students trained by simulation with LabForGames Warning compared to a group trained by traditional teaching. CR was assessed by script concordance tests immediately and 1 month later. This randomized multicenter study included 146 volunteer nursing students. No significant difference was observed in CR change between simulation training with SG and traditional teaching. However, satisfaction and motivation were better with simulation instruction.In conclusion, we have confirmed the validity of SG LabForGames Warning as an educational tool with formative and not summative aims. Then, although no difference in learning about CR was observed between simulation training with SG and traditional teaching, satisfaction and motivation were better with simulation teaching with the game. Further studies are needed to clarify the modalities and pedagogical strategies of SG in the training of healthcare professionals, such as the place of debriefing and the role of motivation. Moreover, technological developments such as artificial intelligence might transform CR training and the available pedagogical tools in the coming years
Uema, Soraya Noriko. "Etude d'ateliers scientifiques à l'université à destination d'élèves : efficacité, efficience et pertinence d'un dispositif complexe." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0447/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to better understand how scientific workshops led by researchers at the university try to motivate students from primary school to high school to pursue a university science career. Our major challenge was to analyse the scientific workshops with a didactical goal by taking into account the complexity of interactions between its actors and their expectations. As such, this work is based on a analysis of the workshops, as these are seen as a complex dynamic system. We articulate a qualitative approach consisting in a “complex core of analysis” and a systemic triangulation of the system: the context, the strategies and the production.In this perspective, this thesis reflets on the culture of assessment in education by proposing a modelisation of a “multireferencial assessment” based on three criteria: the efficacy, the relevance and the efficiency. To do that, different levels of analyses are proposed based on questionnaires and interviews of students, mediators and teachers who were engaged in workshopsThe results have especially highlighted the gap between the objectives of the workshops' participants and a those of the institutional presented for these workshops. For the mediators, the teachers and the students, these workshops are primarily meant to enjoy the activities. More, mediators who took part in the study express little interest in showing a positive view of their own academic background and their career, whereas students see, before anything else, researchers’ career as a vocation
Goussé, Marion. "Marriage market and intra-household allocation : essays in economics of family and education." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0018/document.
Full textThis dissertation deals with family formation, family organization and education systems. The first two chapters study how people choose their partners and how they share their income. First, I focus on couple formation and I model how people meet and decide to match or not. People can choose their partner according to their education level, their wage and their physical attractiveness. Using American data, I observe who matches with whom and who stays single and for how long to recover the preferences of individuals in terms of mating. The second chapter attempts to understand how the efficiency and the sorting of the marriage market could impact economic outcomes such as income inequalities or labor supplies. In this chapter, when people marry, they share their income and decide how much each of them will work on the market and at home to raise children or do the housework. Using British data, I recover the amount of monetary transfers which exist between household members and show that these transfers make married women work less on the market and married men work more. The last two chapters of this dissertation focus on the French education system and on the impact of grade retention policies. In the third chapter I use decomposition methods to assess to which extent the decrease in French student’s score at PISA tests can be attributed to the changes in student’s characteristics or to the changes in school returns. Finally, in the last chapter, I use an estimation strategy to get rid of this selection effect and we use a panel data on French High School students to evaluate the impact of grade retention on their scores
Aussel, Lucie. "Évaluer les dispositifs : le cas d'un dispositif de formation de l'enseignement supérieur agricole." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20138/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to construct a model for evaluating training programs and to check its relevance by confronting it with empirical data. We conducted this intervention-research in the framework of a call for proposals and evaluated a social experiment bearing the characteristics of a training program. Within this context of commissioned research, we explain the emergence of an area for the research and articulation of a social dimension (for praxeological purposes) and an academic dimension (for heuristic purposes). The evaluation model is based on the method of accountability but also on the development of the actors involved. It mobilizes two different methodological orientations: “acquiring knowledge to objectify” and “acquiring knowledge to interpret”. The first takes a quantitative approach and measures the efficiency of the program; the second completes the first and facilitates its interpretation. The second orientation takes a qualitative approach measuring the cognitive developments of the training beneficiaries, characterizing the unexpected effects and efficiency as perceived by the actors involved. Thanks to the data analysis, we have been able to consolidate certain elements of the model, highlight some of its limits and offer some leverage points to help stabilize it. We propose adding a component to the second orientation “acquiring knowledge to interpret”, in order to focus on the analysis of change in the implementation of the program. Likewise, we provide five methodological, axiological, heuristic, epistemological and political leverage points which strengthen the general coherence of the model. The evaluation model has withstood the confrontation with empirical data
Beguerie, Victor. "Impact de l'accès à l'énergie sur les conditions de vie des femmes et des enfants en milieu rural : analyse d'impact du programme des plate-formes multifonctionnelles au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10471/document.
Full textThrough its multidimensionality, energy access actively contributes to the achievements of several Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and especially MDG3 which aims at promoting gender equity and women empowerment. Lack of access to energy is a major issue for women in rural areas since it limits their choices in their daily activities and, therefore, undermines their development and their empowerment. This statement is at the core of the creation of the concept of the multifunctional platform (MFP). MFPs are a set of equipment which provides energy services. The basic version of MFPs comprises a diesel engine turning a mill, a husker and an electric alternator which furnishes electricity. In Burkina Faso, the Programme National Plates-formes Multifonctionnelles pour la Lutte Contre la Pauvreté (PN-PTFM/LCP) was launched in 2005. A household survey with two rounds (2009 and 2011) have been implemented in order to analyze the impact of the MFP program on woman and child living conditions, and in order to determine if MFP are a good way to contribute to achieving the MDGs in Burkina Faso. Instrumental variable and double difference analyses lead in this thesis conclude that MFPs enable to reduce the daily time dedicated to domestic tasks for some women. For these women, this time saved is reinvested in creating income generating activities. By contract, little evidence has been found regarding positive externalities on child education and health. Thus, the MFP program only partially contributes to achieving the MDGs related to woman well-being, since the positive effects only concern some women. Concerning the MDGs related to child health and education, the MFP program doesn’t seem to have the expected results. We consider that these mixed results of the MFP program in Burkina Faso are mainly due to repeating technical problems, and to the weak degree of multifunctionality of the MFPs
Hartwell, Laura Michele. "L'image dans l'autoformation et l'évaluation de la compréhension de l'oral dans le domaine de l'anglais de spécialité." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30236.
Full textThis research, conducted among 788 primarily science students in French universities, analyzes the role and impact of images on oral comprehension. Surveys of students and teachers, as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis of online practices, the retention of information and note-taking strategies offer a global vision of student interaction with English for specific purposes resources. Men and women choose different moments and subjects of study, but several profiles emerge that cross gender lines. The presence of text incorporated into visuals becomes a focal point of attention, often to the detriment of information presented orally or on accompanying paper handouts. Furthermore, the images of certain self-learning and testing materials contain significant differences in the representation between men and women in both professional roles and modes of communication. Students consult multimodal sources which implies the need to acquire supplementary competences. Studying via the Internet compared to reading or attending class seems to significantly modify the impression of aide or distraction offered by animated images in testing situations. On the other hand, the use of note-taking strategies seems to facilitate the retention of information. However, other socio-affective factors, such as negative secondary messages, may influence retention as well. The recent transfer from audio to audiovisual mediums has occurred despite a lack of research on the impact on oral comprehension. A wider breadth of authentic materials and a greater implication of trained teachers are necessary for the amelioration of listening skills among English language learners in the sciences
Vargas, D'uniam Clara. "Etude comparative et évaluative de structures éducatives préscolaires au Pérou." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210360.
Full textCeux-ci ont servi aussi en partie comme base pour l’étude comparative et évaluative des structures éducatives préscolaires au Pérou.
Nous avons mis en évidence qu’il existe différentes manières de concevoir l’organisation des services d’accueil pour les petits enfants, en fonction par exemple de facteurs sociaux, économiques, géographiques, etc. qui peuvent « configurer » différemment les services et programmes d’éducation proposés.
Dans les pays d’Amérique Latine et du Caraïbe, particulièrement dans le cas du Pérou, en accord à leur situation géographique, les services d’éducation préscolaire se concentrent principalement dans le contexte urbain, où il y a prédominance des services « formels » (publics ou privés). Les modalités « non formelles » prédominent dans les zones rurales, zones de frontière et zones caractérisées par de hauts taux de pauvreté et de vulnérabilité.
Dans ces pays, l’éducation « non formelle » a acquis au départ un caractère social, plus que éducatif puisqu’elle s’est développée pour venir en appui aux parents qui travaillent et compenser les situations de risque des enfants, comme la pauvreté ou le fait d’habiter dans des zones urbaines marginales, rurales ou de frontière, ce qui implique le développement social et l’amélioration des conditions de vie. Dans le cas de Cuba, du Pérou et du Brésil il existe ainsi un grand nombre de ces structures.
Dans les pays développés, on utilise rarement les termes d’éducation « formelle » et « non formelle ». Cette dernière correspondrait par exemple aux structures alternatives d’accueil des enfants dans son propre domicile, surtout pour les plus petits, avec du personnel privé (gardiennes) mais pouvant être contrôlé par les autorités. Le concept de « non formel » pourrait être pris aussi dans un sens plus large pour qualifier des initiatives qui constituent des alternatives à l’enseignement classique, qui associent différents types de partenaire et qui visent par exemple à renforcer les liens entre une école et la communauté locale dans laquelle elle s’insère.
L’intérêt par le thème répond aux besoins d’identifier et d’analyser les caractéristiques des structures éducatives préscolaires et les modes de gestion des institutions qui accueillent les petits enfants (de moins de trois ans), afin de connaître les mécanismes de prise en charge qu’elles développent pour répondre aux besoins éducatifs liés au développement social, économique, politique et culturel.
Après, nous présentons les objectifs, la méthodologie et les résultats sur les aspects comparatifs et évaluatifs de la première partie de cette recherche, réalisée dans le cadre du DEA.
Ensuite, dans le deuxième chapitre, nous formulons la problématique de recherche et sa justification, et nous présentons le plan de recherche en ce qui concerne les objectifs, hypothèses, variables, méthodologie, échantillon, processus de recueil des données, techniques et instruments de recueil des données.
Nous développons ensuite, dans le troisième chapitre, les aspects méthodologiques, en ce qui concerne le niveau et type de recherche, description de la population et de l’échantillon, présentation des méthodes, des techniques et des instruments pour le recueil, les modalités pour l’organisation, le traitement et l’analyse des donnés.
Finalement, dans le quatrième chapitre, nous présentons les données, analyses et discussion des résultats, ainsi que les conclusions générales.
Notre travail peut apporter à la recherche concernant ce groupe d’âge, parce qu’il peut constituer une systématisation de l’organisation et du fonctionnement des structures d’accueil pour les enfants les plus petits et peut être une motivation pour continuer d’autres études sur le thème de l’éducation préscolaire, liées à des autres aspects de la gestion, aux méthodologies d’enseignement, à l’analyse des programmes, à la formation des enseignantes, etc. et dans d’autres contextes.
Cela mettre en évidence le besoin d’actions multisectorielles et la coordination articulée et intégrée entre les différents secteurs pour assurer aux enfants un développement intégral (l’éducation et le développement de toutes leurs potentialités, la garde de la nourrice et de la santé).
On peut tirer de cette recherche certaines conclusions qui comprennent un cadre conceptuel pour la comparaison et l’évaluation des structures éducatives préscolaires pour les enfants de moins de trois ans, indiquant les facteurs et des critères qu’il convient de prendre en considération pour des études similaires. À cet égard, à partir de la recherche a surgi la réflexion sur les critères pour évaluer la cohérence, la qualité et l’équité dans les structures d’accueil, mais elle a démontré aussi qu’il n’est pas possible de fixer les mêmes indicateurs ou standards à niveau général, ils doivent être fixés d’après la perspective de chaque réalité concrète, avec la participation des acteurs, en considérant les caractéristiques culturels et du contexte, leurs expectatives et leurs besoins.
Cette recherche propose aussi une réflexion qui peut donner lieu aux connaissances sur les structures d’accueil pour les enfants les plus petits en différents contextes.
The research develops, in the first chapter, the theoretical frame and the analysis of certain conceptual aspects that concern the educational systems and the pre-school education, as well as the analysis of information that have allowed the comparison and the evaluation of the educational structures and of the attention to the small infancy in the following countries: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, Peru and Cuba.
These served, partly, as base for the comparative study and evaluative of the educational pre-school structures in Peru. It has put in evidence that there exist different ways of conceiving the organization of the services of attention for the children, in function for example of social, economic and geographical factors, etc. That can "form" differently the services and the educational proposed programs.
In the countries of Latin America and of the Caribe, particularly in case of Peru, in agreement to her geographical situation, the educational pre-school services principally center in the urban context, where there is predominance of the "formal" services (public or private). The " not formal " modalities prevail in the rural zones, the zones of border and the zones characterized by high indexes of poverty and of vulnerability.
In these countries, the " not formal " education acquired initially a social character, more than educational since she developed to support the parents who work and to compensate the situations of risk of the children, as the poverty or the fact of living in zones urban marginal and rural or of border, which implies the social development and the improvement of the living conditions. In case of Cuba, Peru and Brazil there exists a great number of these structures.
In the developed countries, we use strange the educational formal and not formal terms. The latter would correspond for example to the alternative structures of reception of the children in your own domicile, especially for the smallest, with private personnel but that might be controlled by the authorities. The concept of "formal" might be taken also in a more wide sense to qualify initiatives that constitute alternatives to the classic education, which different types of actors associate and which the bows try to reinforce for example between a school and a local community in which it is inserted.
The interest for the topic answers to the need to identify and to analyze the characteristics of the educational pre-school structures and the manners of management of the institutions that receive the three-year-old minor children, in order to know the mechanisms that they develop to answer to the educational needs linked to the social, economic, political and cultural development.
Later, let's sense beforehand the aims, the methodology and the results on the comparative and evaluative aspects of the first part of the research, realized in the frame of the DEA.
Then, in the second chapter, we formulate the problematic of research and the justification, and let's sense beforehand the plan of research as for the aims, the hypotheses, the variables, the methodology, the sample, the process, the technologies and the instruments of compilation of the information.
We develop then, in the third chapter, the methodological aspects, as for the level and the type of research, description of the population and of the sample, the presentation of the methods, the technologies and the instruments for the compilation of information, the modalities for the organization, the treatment and the analysis of the information.
Finally, in the fourth chapter, let's sense beforehand the information, the analysis and the discussion of the results, as well as the general conclusions.
Our work can reach to the research that concerns this group of age, because it can constitute a systematizing of the organization and of the functioning of the structures of attention for the smallest children and can be a motivation to continue other studies on the topic of the pre-school education, linked to other aspects of the management, to the methodologies of education, to the analysis of the programs, to the formation of the teachers, etc. and in other contexts.
It puts in evidence the need of the actions of different sectors and the coordination articulated and integrated between the different sectors to assure the children an integral development (the education and the development of all your potentials, the care of the nutrition and of the health).
We can obtain of this research certain conclusions that include a conceptual frame for the comparison and the evaluation of the educational pre-school structures for the three-year-old minor children, indicating the factors and criteria that it suits to bear in mind for similar studies.
In the matter, from the research the reflection has arisen on the criteria to evaluate the coherence, the quality and the equity in the structures of attention to the small children, but there has been demonstrated also that it is not possible to fix the same indicators or standards to general level, these must be fixed according to the perspective of every concrete reality, with the participation of the actors, considering the cultural characteristics and of the context, your expectations and your needs.
This research proposes also a reflection that can give place to knowledge on the structures of attention for the smallest children in different contexts.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
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Seruhungo, Désiré. "Les formes d'accompagnement et de médiation dans le système éducatif congolais : réalités et perspectives." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG035/document.
Full textEducation in the DRC (Republic Democratic of Congo) favors some students and disadvantages others because it offers all the students a single learning path, regardless of their learning style. Which explains the failures and the abandonments. This is the case of street and demobilized child soldiers who, due to lack of supervision, may be a social danger.However, if these young people had been oriented towards school structures corresponding to their rhythms and learning styles, they could integrate into society. Unfortunately, they do not exist. For the education system that benefiting everyone, the DRC authorities should open up the school system with new pedagogical approaches, train teachers, give them a good salary, build new schools and equip them
Bronsard, Guillaume. "Evaluation en santé mentale chez les adolescents placés : L’épidémiologie à la relance de la pédopsychiatrie dans le champ de l’enfance en danger." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5028/document.
Full text250 000 children and adolescents are involved in the child welfare system in France. 135 000 are living in « out-of-home care ». These children should have high rates of mental disorders because the severe familial dysfonction which drive them in these social institutions is a wellknown risk factor for the main mental disorders too. Prevalence studies of mental disorders among this very specific population are rares and have been held in anglo-saxon or germanics countries. They show mental disorders rates above 50%. However, their access to regular mental services is weak, because of failing parents and the poverty of the partnerships between social workers and child mental health professionals. These adolescents often meet child psychiatry through emergency during a behavioral crisis. We describe, in a first part, the history of child welfare system and of the child psychiatry, in particular through their co-construction since the 19th century. We analyze the elements influencing their partnerships. We examine too the difficulties to organize scientific research in the field of the child welfare. We presents, then, the results of two studies among adolescents living in residential group homes in the county of Bouches-du-Rhône (France) : a prevalence of mental disorders study and a Quality of Life study including the links between these values and the mental disorders. Results show mental disorders rates five times more frequents than in general population, and much more among girls, with specific psychopathologic profiles and an irregular expression of mental health needs degrading the screening. These data are the first in France
Ghourabi, Samira. "L’appropriation des référentiels normatifs dans les environnements d’apprentissage en ligne : evaluation de l’usage de la plate forme Moodle de l’Université Virtuelle de Tunis." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30003.
Full textWith the significant growth of Information and Communication Technologies, the traditional methods of disseminating, accessing and sharing information have been reshaped.Currently, the ICT dedicated to education are thriving, enabling learner human new ways to train independently and draw their own learning paths. The e-Learning is a new form of learning facilitates both, access to educational resources, sharing and remote collaboration.To overcome the difficulties related to interoperability of e-Learning systems and guarantee the quality of learning, the application of normative references must apply to all aspects of a learning device (learner’s profiles, methods of monitoring and evaluation, communication tools and capabilities ...). The work proposed in this thesis aims to examine the state of reference standards application in the Virtual University of Tunis. Through a case study, we examined on the one hand, the receptivity of the VUT on regarding the interests of normative references dedicated to education, on the other hand; we identified the communication tools integrated in the platform Moodle allowing the tutor to follow up, evaluation and support
Stefanou, Maria. "Certification DELF B2 : la question linguistique et les outils didactiques." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040021.
Full textIn the teaching of a language, the teacher, while maintaining balance between didactics and evaluation, must not try to aim solely for the learner to obtain his diploma, but also that he masters the linguistics. Regarding the assessment, the analysis of the subjects of the exams proposed in Greece shows that they are trying to fulfill the criteria of reliability and objectivity: language structure, richness of the lexical, and thematic contents. From this point of view, they strive to respect the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages which first focuses on the choice of the documents and only then on the conception of items and other questionings. Yet, gaps have appeared between directives and reality. Indeed, the teacher has three potential functions: to educate, to develop subjects, to be an examiner. Therefore, what does the educator have to take into account to both teach effectively the language/culture and help his students in getting certified? Likewise, against which errors must the developer of subject protect himself to meet the evaluation criteria? How will the examiner judge as objectively as possible a learner/candidate? A necessary transfer of skills is required : for the examiner, who has again become the teacher, to reinvest in class the experience acquired through candidates to be certified; for the review boards to define learning roadmaps in sync with the CEFRL. The following study, without trying to bring answers to all the questions posed, takes place in such perspective
Barthélémy, Véronique. "La compréhension de la "vie scolaire" par l'évaluation du rôle des CPE dans le pilotage de l'établissement scolaire." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE29030.
Full textMorales, Aceiton Maciel. "L'enseignement des arts visuels dans les écoles au Chili : un regard porté sur la réalité artistique au premier cycle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB135.
Full textOur research focuses on the teaching of visual arts in schools in Chile. We were interested in this issue in the recent history of our country. During the last forty years, Chilean society has undergone numerous transformations: dictatorship (1973-1989), privatized education, return to democracy, reforms of the curriculum, reduction of hours allocated to artistic disciplines, citizen demands to improve Chilean education, among others. Therefore, it seems relevant and fundamental to us as a citizens, former art students and art teachers in Chilean institutions to scrutinize the teaching of this discipline at school. From this perspective, we will analyze the complexity of art education in our country. By describing the Chilean education system and by analyzing interviews with art teachers, and observations from undergraduate visual arts courses, we will try to understand the current place of the visual arts in the Chilean education system. We investigate the factors that influence the principles of construction and transmission of undergraduate visual arts courses in the three types of schools that coexist in the country (public schools, subsidized special schools or private schools), and analyze how these factors intervene in class situations and what their consequences are. Thus, we formulated two hypotheses that guided our research. First, the current Chilean education system has elements of "segregation", exclusion and elitism. In this context, the visual arts appear as an element that reinforces this system. Thus, the transmission of content and the construction of the visual arts classroom vary according to the type of school. Second, with regard to the types of teachers who teach the visual arts, two main categories emerge: generalist teachers, who have been trained in various subjects and have acquired the skills to work with school pupils but without having specifically studied the arts, and specialist teachers, who have followed specific training in the visual arts but without training in pedagogy. Orbeta (2015) explained that various studies indicate that the first years of schooling are crucial for students. It is fundamental for students to have a visual arts teacher in the early years of school. According to Fajardo (2003), the goal of arts education in school is not to make the child an artist, in the same way that writing is not taught to make all students writers. According to her, art is taught to give children a particular vision of the world: a creative and open vision. She argues that it is not required to have a large budget to train teachers in art knowledge. Following the presentation of these two approaches, we postulate that the "nature" and "essence" of the visual arts class, as well as the transmission of content vary according to the type of teachers who carry it out (generalist vs. specialist)
Nuestra investigación se centra en la enseñanza de las artes visuales en las escuelas de Chile. Nos hemos interesado en este tema debido a la historia reciente de nuestro país. En los últimos cuarenta años, la sociedad chilena ha sufrido diversas transformaciones: dictadura (1973-1989), privatización de la educación, retorno a la democracia, reformas curriculares, reducción de horas dedicadas a la disciplina artística, demandas ciudadanas para mejorar la educación chilena, entre otras. Por lo tanto, nos parece relevante y fundamental como ex-alumna, licenciada en artes y profesora de artes visuales en instituciones chilenas, preguntarnos sobre la enseñanza de esta disciplina en las escuelas. Bajo esta perspectiva, analizaremos la complejidad de la educación artística en nuestro país. Describiendo el sistema educativo chileno y analizando entrevistas a profesores y observaciones de clases de artes visuales en primer ciclo, trataremos de comprender el lugar actual de las artes visuales en el sistema educativo chileno. En un primer momento, nos preguntamos qué factores influyen en los principios de construcción y de transmisión de los cursos de artes visuales en primer ciclo, en los tres tipos instituciones que coexisten en el país: escuelas públicas, escuelas particulares-subvencionadas y escuelas privadas. En un segundo momento, nos preguntamos cómo intervienen estos factores en las situaciones de clase y cuáles son las consecuencias. De esta manera, formulamos dos hipótesis que guiaron nuestra investigación. La primera es que el actual sistema educativo chileno tiene elementos de "segregación", exclusión y elitismo. En este contexto, las artes visuales parecen ser un elemento que refuerza este sistema. Así, la transmisión de contenidos y la construcción de la clase de artes visuales varían según el tipo de escuela. La segunda, tiene relación con los tipos de profesores que enseñan artes visuales. Estos se pueden identificar en dos categorías principales: profesores generalistas, que han recibido formación en diversas disciplinas y han adquirido las habilidades para trabajar con escolares, pero sin haber estudiado específicamente las artes, y profesores especialistas que han recibido una formación específica en artes visuales, pero sin formación para trabajar con alumnos de primer ciclo. Orbeta (2015) explica que varios estudios indican que los primeros años de escolaridad son cruciales para los niños. Es esencial que los alumnos tengan un profesor que se especialice en artes visuales desde los primeros años de la escuela. Según Fajardo (2003), el propósito de la educación artística en las escuelas no es hacer del niño un artista, de la misma manera que la escritura no se enseña para que todos los estudiantes sean escritores. Según la autora, el arte se enseña para dar a los niños una visión particular del mundo: una visión creativa y abierta. Sostiene que no es necesario tener un gran presupuesto para formar a los profesores en el conocimiento del arte. Tras la presentación de estos dos enfoques, nosotros postulamos que la "naturaleza" y la "esencia" de la clase de artes visuales, así como la transmisión de contenidos, varían en función del tipo de profesores que la llevan a cabo (generalistas vs especialistas)
Xu, Yiru. "La compétence d’interaction dans l’évaluation de l’oral en français langue étrangère : description et enjeux didactiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2114.
Full textThis study aims to define the competence of interaction constituting the main object of oral evaluation in foreign language pedagogy. We consider that this competence consists in the ability to interact with an interlocutor in order to implement multiple resources with the aim of collectively managing speech activity adapted to action in a given situation. Using an analytical and comprehensive empirical approach, we describe how the competence of interaction manifests itself in a situation of evaluation. It takes the form of four components: firstly, the ability to interpret one’s role in a given context in order to participate in the global organization of interaction ; it also manifests itself in the coordination of turn-taking ; in the shared responsibility of the co-construction of the theme of the discourse; and finally in the use of communication strategies to solve language and interactional problems that arise. The analyses enable us to elucidate the pedagogical issues concerning the way to evaluate this competence. Four essential elements can be identified in the composition of the system of evaluation : the script, the type of preparation, the conditions in which it is implemented and the grading scale. The evaluation is not limited to a carefully worked out method ; it also entails the way it is carried out in a specific context. There exists a “contract of evaluation” which regulates the organisation of this activity and defines the rights and duties of the evaluator and the candidate. According to this contract, the evaluator must assume the roles of facilitator, examiner, interlocutor and guide, which constitutes a real challenge in language evaluation and opens up orientations for future research
Dimbasi-Ndofunsu, Jean-René. "L'effet-établissement et ses variables explicatives: évaluation de la plus et/ou moins value pédagogique en classe de deuxième secondaire :recherche des caractéristiques favorables à l'efficacité scolaire dans les écoles de Kinshasa." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210168.
Full textPar ailleurs, la littérature internationale nous propose plusieurs variables qui semblent avoir un effet sur la réussite scolaire des élèves :des variables macro-sociologiques comme les facteurs politiques, organisationnels, socio-économiques et des variables micro-sociologiques comme les facteurs familiaux, individuels, culturels, scolaires, précisément des variables de contexte, des pratiques managériales, des pratiques enseignantes.
De plus, dans cette étude, nous allons nous attarder sur les facteurs micro-sociologiques, car à notre connaissance, il n’existe aucune étude empirique portant sur ces variables dans le contexte congolais. Autrement dit, le problème de recherche relève donc de la méconnaissance scientifique des relations entre l’effet-établissement et le rendement scolaire des élèves.
Le cadre théorique de cette étude est basé sur les théories du choix de l’échantillon (Boyl et Crowson), des strates emboîtées (Barr et Dreeben), des organisations (théorie de Mintzberg), de la bureaucratie professionnelle, de psychologie de comportement, de la réforme des milieux de travail, sur le modèle des interactions aptitude-traitement de Cronbach, sur le modèle multi-niveaux des effets éducatifs, sur le modèle intégré en éducation (Scheerens) ainsi que sur la recension des travaux antérieurs. Ce cadre théorique conduit à la formulation d’une hypothèse principale et des hypothèses secondaires rattachées aux variables de cette étude.
Une approche méthodologique mixte, descriptive et relationnelle permet de confirmer, d’infirmer et de nuancer ces hypothèses. Cette étude est réalisée auprès des 614 élèves, des 30 enseignants et des 22 chefs d’établissement. Elle est aussi menée auprès des 15 écoles publiques, privées et confessionnelles organisant les classes de deuxième secondaire. Les élèves remplissent un questionnaire contenant des renseignements généraux et répondent aux questions du pré-test et du post-test de français et des mathématiques composés par les conseillers du Ministère de l’éducation de la République Démocratique du Congo.
D’abord, les résultats concordent en général avec l’hypothèse principale de recherche. Ceux-ci mentionnent l’existence de l’effet-établissement dans les écoles étudiées. Ensuite, les résultats concordent dans l’ensemble avec les hypothèses secondaires rattachées aux variables retenues dans cette étude. Enfin, il faudrait indiquer que certaines hypothèses sont infirmées, voire nuancées.
Par ailleurs, des pistes de recherches sur l’effet de ces variables et des autres variables paraissent très intéressantes pour la meilleure compréhension de ce phénomène. Bien que cette recherche essaie d’apporter sa contribution à l’amélioration de l’efficacité scolaire du système éducatif congolais, cette dernière comporte tout de même certaines limites liées à l’expérimentation, à l’échantillon, aux instruments de mesure et aux travaux empiriques sur le sujet. Il semble donc nécessaire que d’autres études soient effectuées, afin de pallier à ces limites, d’élaborer de nouvelles théories et d’identifier d’autres antécédents éventuels de l’effet-établissement.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished