Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Évaluation – Méthodologie'
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Zhang, Jinwen. "Evaluation de l'entreprise : méthodologie et application aux marchés financiers." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020010.
Full textJacquin, Philippe. "Accompagnement des évolutions identitaires au cours des transitions professionnelles : mesure, évaluation et modélisation." Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20020.
Full textWith the rise of globalization, changes in the working environment are greater than ever and more difficult to foresee. The majority of today’s working population is compelled to change jobs often, necessitating retraining, perhaps more than once, in the course of professional life. As a result, the support provided by career advisors during these various transitions should evolve to take into account all areas related to the professional sphere (familial, personal and social) as well as the individual’s situation and development. However, the methods to achieve this remain to be defined. The main aim of this dissertation is to suggest methodological solutions to meet the goals of lifelong guidance. To this end, it proposes constructionist career counseling methods based on the Multistage Investigator of Social Identity (Zavalloni & Louis-Guérin, 1984), which is routinely used in social psychology studies. This method has been adapted for the context of professionals in career transition and computerized as the Multistage Investigator of Social Identity for counseling (MISIc). Its potential was then tested on recipients of an in-depth skills assessment (bilan de compétences approfondi or BCA) as part of a career review. The MISIc allowed a better grasp of the information required for a comprehensive understanding of the issues affecting professionals in retraining. An experimental protocol was then used to evaluate the performance of the MISIc, revealing that its use had an effect on the ability to develop a career plan during a career review. Other objectives were then added to the development of the MISIc, such as the modeling of professional transitions and the evaluation of a career advisor’s methods. During career transitions, events arise in the professional’s environment that can impact their self-concept and their self-esteem in both linear and nonlinear ways. The use of idiographic protocols, combined with time series and verbatim analysis, quantitatively and qualitatively identify factors that impact the development of a career plan. In conclusion, new methods should continue to be developed in order to meet the global and contemporary challenges relating to the adaptation of individuals to their personal and professional situation, with, as a corollary, a dedicated academic field and a well-defined set of professional methods
Tricot, Nicolas. "Conception et évaluation de systèmes coopératifs avancés d'aide à la conduite automobile." Valenciennes, 2005. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7af7554e-2a34-487a-8dd3-a8a4109e7cbf.
Full textNowadays, the vehicles are equipped with various driver assistance systems. However, some problems may arise when using them. Considering the user's real need and personal style from the design stage should reduce the occurrence of these problems. The proposed method of design and evaluation of advanced driver assistance systems aims at providing some solutions to the problems mentioned above. Its main points are the contextual analysis of the driving task, the definition of the Human-Machine cooperation modes, and the use of a driver model. This method was applied in an incremental way to the design of an auto-adaptive longitudinal-direction driver-assistance system by means of three experimental studies carried out using a driving simulator: without driving assistance system, with a conventional driving assistance system and with an auto-adaptive one. The method, including in each stage driving performance and interviews analyses, enabled on the one hand to define the auto-adaptability criteria and on the other hand to design and assess an auto-adaptive system
Bouvier, Julien. "Méthodologie et évaluation clinique de l'imagerie de l'oxygénation cérébrale par IRM." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062606.
Full textApostolo, Sandra. "La méthodologie CLIL-EMILE dans les classes d'histoire en Italie : évaluation, autoévaluation et co-évaluation entre pairs." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2025.
Full textThe purpose of our research is to study whether formative evaluation in oral performances, can be effective to the CLIL methodology when teaching History through French. This acronym refers to any learning situation that involves the integration of subject content and a foreign language as a vector. In Italy, as in most countries, CLIL courses are provided by subject teachers for whom it is not always easy to properly manage language issues. In fact CLIL represents a challenge from several points of view, but it is the oral evaluation/assessment that implies the most difficulties, in particular with regard to the language.The results of our investigation corroborate this fact and often underline the complexity of the CLIL assessment due to the double target of language and content. So how do we solve this problem? How can assessment be made less complicated for teachers and more useful so that students can become aware of their mistakes? What are the most appropriate assessment approaches for this methodology? Are there any instruments that could be useful to teachers and students?We led a two-phase survey in the CLIL Institutional History classes, where the teacher had attended the CLIL courses organized by the Ministry of Education, University and Research. Our survey was carried out in two phases and through online questionnaires addressed to both learners and their teachers. In the first phase we proposed a questionnaire on CLIL and on oral assessment. After that, we created assessment, self- and peer assessment rubrics, which participants used for several months when assessing on oral performances. Through the second-phase questionnaires we wanted to collect data, specifically on the effects of the using the rubrics. Through our research we thus want to determine whether the typical approaches of formative evaluation are relevant to the requirements of CLIL methodology, to suggest ways to reduce the complexity of oral assessment and help learners to improve their communicative skills
Lancella, Pierre. "Méthodologie de conception des systèmes physiques de production : analyse, évaluation et spécifications." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10673.
Full textMagerand, Elisabeth. "Contribution à une méthodologie de conception des interventions de maintenance dans les centrales nucléaires." Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA2088.
Full textPresent research on assembly planning is generally applied to manufactured goods production. The object of a maintenance activity, is to repair a broken down mechanical system, or to prevent some failures by the application of preventive measures. Ln this maintenance context, disassembly takes a great importance ; indeed, maintenance activities on a system, imply often to disassemble it totally or partially, in order to operate on some of its components. Assembly is also highly considered, since the mechanical system must be reassembled to be put in working order, when the maintenance ask is achieved. So, this work is part of a study of maintenance procedure design. The approach is threefold : build a model of maintenance tasks based on EDF, maintenance documents, propose methods for disassembly sequences generation, propose methods for maintenance procedures evaluation. We are especially interested in the mechanical systems of nuclear plants. In a first part, the model principles based on an analysis of current maintenance procedure writing guide are defined, in order to formalize a maintenance task sequence. We focus on disassembly and assembly phases decomposed into actions. Then algoritms for disassembly sequences design, are proposed (a method of mechanical system partial disassembly is built). Disassembly sequences evaluation consists here in ordering a feasible disassembly sequertces set, in order to find one or several solutions which respect at best a specific maintenance objective. Finally, this model and these methods are applied on an example : the exchange of a pump seal
Yao, Kouadio Assemien François. "Développement d'une méthodologie pour une meilleure évaluation des impacts environnementaux de l'industrie extractive." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG001/document.
Full textAn increasing demand of mineral resources is associated with modern society development. In parallel, mining projects face strong oppositions both from public and from environment protection agencies, due to the potential impacts associated with ore extraction. In order to conciliate the needs of producing raw materials and of taking into account the preservation of the quality of the environment, it is necessary to assess the environmental impact previous to the start of the mining activities. The Environmental Impact Assessment procedure helps to identify and evaluate the environmental impacts of a project. Although Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure is mandatory, the regulations do not impose any impact assessment method. Thus, EIA practitioners are free to use the method that suits them and their own expertise to estimate the environmental impacts of a project. The main purpose of this work is to propose a method to more effectively evaluate the environmental impacts of the mining industry. To achieve this, two approaches have been explored: the Mining Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology (MEIAM) developed in this thesis and the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is a standardized methodology. MEIAM is based on the risk analysis approach and makes it possible to evaluate the impacts taking into account the climatic and geological conditions and the initial state of the zone. LCA is a standardized technique that assesses the impacts produced on the site and those generated off-site but whose generating activities are related to the system studied. These methods were implemented on a gold mine in Côte d’Ivoire.MEIAM, taking into account the particular characteristics of the study area, showed high impact results for both surface water and groundwater pollution, mainly at the operation and post-closure stages. This study has also shown that pollution sources with high level impacts include tailings, soils previously contaminated by dust fallout and mining works. Regarding the LCA, which is in essence an overall method, it has made it possible to highlight quite significant off-site impacts. For on-site effects, the study showed that the impacts on human health are mainly due to metal emissions from operation activities (ore processing and tailings management as well as blasting). Finally, our work showed that all the impacts were better taken into account by a combination of MEIAM and LCA in the EIA procedures
Imyim, Apichat. "Méthodologie d'évaluation environnementale des déchets stabilisés / solidifiés par liants hydrauliques." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0091/these.pdf.
Full textThis research aims to assess the long-term release of inorganic pollutants leached from stabilised wastes by hydraulic binders in the environmental point of view. The research divides in three parts: (1) proposition of an assessment methodology of the long term behavior of pollutant species, (2) application and validation of the methodology to synthetic stabilised wastes, (3) application of the methodology to stabilized galvanic sludge and stabilized fly ash. The methodology includes leachning tests and a model of the long-term behavior prediction of pollutant contained in the wastes. The selected leaching tests permitting the identification of the necessary parameters for behavioral model have been done. The developed model is based on a diffusional model in the porous matrix coupled to chemical reactions of major species contained in the stabilized materials. The consistency between the experimental and simulated results proves that the model describes the physico – chemical mechanism of considered species release well. This approach leads to determine the long-term behavior of stabilized wastes in order to assess their impact on the environment
Rouzaud, Danis Bonvalet Christine. "La place de la méthodologie de recherche dans la formation d'ingénieur." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082142.
Full textBoutron, Isabelle. "Méthodologie de l'évaluation des traitements non pharmacologiques." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066571.
Full textGiron, Alain. "Système expert dans le diagnostic et la thérapeutique des cancers de l'ovaire : méthodologie d'évaluation." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD287.
Full textVian, Marie. "Qualité de l'évaluation ergonomique à distance et asynchrone." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083970.
Full textWith the contribution of information and communication technologies, the practice of the researcher and the ergonomist has been modified. The ergonomist has traditionally been close to the user, being physically present, and now can operate remotely and / or be absent. Extending the previous works of Brunswik (1947), Leplat (1978, 1997), Loiselet, Hoc and Denecker (1999, 2000) and Hoc (2008), this thesis focuses on data collected with these technologies during user tests, by first defining the purpose of their collection, internal validity and external validity. This theoretical work has allowed us to develop AVIVE [Adéquation Validité Interne Validité Externe], a method to estimate the reliability of data quality. AVIVE method was used in three experiments to assess the dimensions of quality on the remote testing situations. The first experiment compares the use of the devices, paper or computer, to a post-test questionnaire. The third experiment, which is exploratory, is focused on the use of Bulletin Board and its adaptation to the ergonomic assessment. The discussion focuses on 1) te interest of the AVIVE method, 2) the improvements to be made, 3) on systematic use to new observation mechanisms in order to assess the degree of data quality and 4) on the systematic use of results to choose the method and test situation that best fit with the quality dimensions
Abou, Khalil Bachir. "Méthodologie d'analyse énergétique et exergétique des procédés de transformations de produits dans l'industrie." Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/5064/01/Thèse_BAK.pdf.
Full textGreen House Gas (GHG) emissions, the nearby Peak Oil and the increase of fossil fuel prices led France to implement a national program called Energy Economy Certificates, among other actions. This program imposes on the energy suppliers, of which EDF, to generate energy savings within their sites and within their clients. For Small and Medium-sized Industries (SMIs), the costs of thorough energy analyses might be out of their means. The goal of this thesis is to develop a methodology that limits the time and cost of the analysis, as well as the number and precision of the necessary data. Existing energy and exergy analysis methodologies were reviewed in detail, pointing out their advantages and disadvantages. A Process Energy and Exergy Analysis (PEEA) method has been developed. This method includes three steps, of which the first one, called Process Analysis (PA) is fundamental and constitutes an upstream work performed one time for every type of product. This step consists in determining the Minimal Required Energy (MRE) to transform a raw material into final product, after which the Best Transformation Process is determined. The PA was applied to several unitary industrial operations in order to demonstrate the generic and systematic factors of the method. Afterwards, the method was directly applied to the analysis of a cheese manufacturing industry. Results showed that this method is applicable for every level of energy auditing (either low or high cost energy audits), and that it allows for identification of energy efficient solutions, usually not identifiable by traditional energy analysis methods
Personne, Marion. "Contribution à la méthodologie d'intégration de l'environnement dans les PME-PMI : Évaluation des performances environnementales." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850606.
Full textRoure, Bastien. "Évaluation critique d'une méthodologie d'intégration transversale du développement durable : cas du baccalauréat en génie civil." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11897.
Full textAljundi, Ahmad Chadi. "Une méthodologie multi-critères pour l'évaluation de performance appliquée aux architectures de réseaux d'interconnexion multi-étages." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-Aljundi.pdf.
Full textHerrbach, Olivier. "Le comportement au travail des collaborateurs de cabinets d'audit financier : une approche par le contrat psychologique." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10043.
Full textTixier, Jérôme. "Méthodologie d'évaluation du niveau de risque d'un site industriel de type Seveso, basée sur la gravité des accidents majeurs et la vulnérabilité de l'environnement." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11060.
Full textGacem, Amina. "Méthodologie d’évaluation de performances basée sur l’identification de modèles de comportements : applications à différentes situations de handicap." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0053.
Full textThe performance assessment is an important process to identify the abilities and the limits of a person. Currently, the assessment requires the mediation of a specialist (doctor, therapist, etc. ) which must performs analysis and tests to reach a subjective decision. In the literature, several works propose assessment methods based on performance criteria: it is a quantitative evaluation which is objective. This type of evaluation is usually based on statistical analysis. In this work, a new methodology of performance assessment is proposed. It is based on the identification of reference behaviours. Those behaviours are then used as references for the evaluation of other people. The identification of reference behaviours is an essential element of our work. It is based on classification methods. In our work, we have tested two different methods. The first one is the "Fuzzy C-means" which allows a thorough search of reference behaviours. However, behaviours are represented by proxy criteria. The second method is the "Hidden Markov Models". It offers a time series analysis based on the temporal behaviour variation. However, it is not easy to determine the training phase of this method. This assessment methodology has been applied in the context of different applications designed for disabled people: driving electric wheelchair, driving an automobile and the use of pointing devices (mouse, trackball, joystick, etc. ). In each application, a protocol and an ecological situation are defined in order to evaluate participants on different platforms involving functional control interfaces (joystick, mouse, steering wheel, etc. ). Then, statistical tools are used to analyze the data and provide a first interpretation of behaviours. The application of our methodology identifies different reference behaviours and the assessment by comparing behaviours let to identify different levels of expertise. In each of the studied applications, our methodology identifies automatically different reference behaviours. Then, the assessment of people, carried out by comparing to the reference behaviours, let identify different levels of expertise and illustrate the evolution of learning during the assessment. The proposed evaluation methodology is an iterative process. So that, the population of experienced people can be enriched by adding people who become stable after assessment. Therefore, this allows the search for new reference behaviours
Tran, Minh Quan. "Méthodologie de synthèse d'imidazoles et de benzimidazoles. Approche de synthèse de la benzosceptrine et évaluation biologique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS068/document.
Full textMethodology of addition-cyclization of guanidines and amidines on quinones for the synthesis of 2-amino-benzimidazole. Applying this strategy to the synthesis of benzo-bis-2-aminoimmidazole, an analogue of benzosceptrine.Reclamation of products synthesized by biological evaluation: inhibition of kinase, cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines of blood
Lampe, Alexandre. "Méthodologie d'évaluation du degré d'autonomie d'un robot mobile terrestre." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136386.
Full textBerdier, Chantal. "Elaboration d'une méthodologie pour la prise en compte du risque dans le domaine des déchets urbains : le cas des déchets médicaux diffus dans le Grand Lyon." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0095.
Full textFor the last twenty years, the proble. Ms related to waste have taken on paramount interest in society as waste is increasing as well in quantity as in noxiousness. The destruction of ordinary waste is relatively well controlled whereas the induce effects are far from being under control as far as the risky part is concerned, therefore, the problem of urban waste will be analysed in the scope of this research, in terms of induce risks. The meaning of the notion of risk here, brings in technical elements together with social ones. These are two facets upon which the definition of. The concept of risk is based. So, after identifying urban waste and giving a definition of the concept of risk, we have adopted a method based both on objective dimension and on urban user perception in order to approach and evaluate risk. In this context, managing the risk specific to urban waste, goes through a global policy of controlling urban waste which includes numerous actor with apposed logics. Experimenting the method on a type of waste, scattered medical waste coming from liberal health practitioners in greater Lyon, makes two important results clear: perceived risks is over estimated and real risks are few. In such conditions, managing risk consists in starting - Upstream, precaution measures, - Downstream, repairing measures
Mailhac, Adelaide. "Contribution au développement d'une méthodologie d'évaluation environnementale aux échelles urbaines." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0034.
Full textBuilding stock represents a major capital in economic, cultural and social terms. This stock to function, to renew itself and to grow consumes larges flows of energy and raw materials. At the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, governments around the world pledged to limit global warming below 2 ° C. The local translation of this commitment leads local councilors to make sustainable urban development and ecological transition two central elements of their urban planning policy. If the project of an independent discipline, which would aim to manage and produce building stocks in a scientific way, appears today unrealistic, it is because the production of these stocks is conditioned by values (economical, cultural, aesthetical...), and because it involves multiple actors and practices: urban planners, city councilors, design offices, users.... However, scientific knowledge and tools can provide valuable decision support to urban actors through the information they provide. The thesis presented here is a contribution to research in environmental assessment applied to cities
Roul, Annick. "Exposition de la peau aux produits chimiques : méthodologie et évaluation de la décontamination par la terre de foulon." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1134/document.
Full textCutaneous exposure to contaminants chemicals after criminal or accidental release enforces a rapid and efficient decontamination to save lives and avoid cross contamination. A bibilographic exploration of this work identifies toxic chemical (chemical warfare agents, toxic industrial chemicals), raw and synthetic decontaminants and their application methods applied in emergency. The aim of this study focuses on a decontamination tool qualification, the fuller’s earth (FE), simple formulated, easy to apply in emergency by civil Security services (fire fighter brigades). The work performed includes :The chemical and structural characterization of the powder of fuller’earth NBC-Sys , that lead to identify the palygorskite as main component, The formulation of dispersed systems and their physico chemical characterization (granulometry, zêta potentiel) in concentrated or diluted medium. The adsorption capacity of the FE and formulations for a contaminant model, the 4-cyanophenol, to assess decontamination in vitro, in aqueous medium, ex vivo on cutaneous explant.4-CP adsorption in aqueous solutions (10, 100 et 500 mg/L-1) is rapid (5-15min), when contact with FE, vary with the ratio FE/ 4-CP, to reach a plateau phase (saturation) between 45 and 60 minutes, and an steady state between 60 and 120 min. FE suspensions are more efficient (90%) than powder (70%) and water (60%) in the same experimental conditions. L’évaluation de la terre de foulon et ses formulations sur les paramètres physiologiques de la peau (perte insensible en eau et conductance) in vivo chez l’homme ne montre pas d’altération de la fonction barrière cutanée. FE and its suspensions were assessed on physiological skin parameters (Transepidermal water loss and conductance) in vivo in a human study and exhibit no alteration on the skin barrier function. Results obtained is a first step towards a reference (that actually don’t exist) including a chemical decontamination method
Sethi-Krasa, Andrea. "Evaluation stratégique, technique et économique de l'automatisation flexible : méthodologie de prise de décision et de contrôle." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1EC07.
Full textBoëda, Eric. "Approche technologique du concept Levallois et évaluation de son champ d'application : étude de trois gisement saaliens et weichseliens de la France septentrionale." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100092.
Full textNew interpretation of the levallois debitage from a technological approach of a lithic assemblage supported by an experimental research. The "schema operatoire" are studied with a dissociation of the different stages necessary to the obtention of levallois products. This new method is applied to the examination of three archaeological series from saalian and weichselian levels of the middle Paleolithic of the northern France: bagarre (level 7), corbehem ("serie du terrassement", test pit s1), biache-saint-vaast (level IIa). The results obtained allowed us to give a new definition of the levallois debitage and its products (flakes, blades, points) dissociating by this way the typological determination from the technology. The technological determination approach, through his heuristically dimension, shows the wide variability of the levallois debitage in its qualitative and quantitative expression on a synchronically level as well as a diachronically one
Macchi, Luigi. "A Resilience Engineering approach for the evaluation of performance variability : development and application of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method for air traffic management safety assessment." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00589633.
Full textThis thesis demonstrates the need to develop systemic safety assessment methods to account for the effect of performance variability on air traffic management safety. Like most modern socio-technical systems, air traffic management is so complex that it is impossible for it to be completely described. As consequence, performance cannot be completely specified because it must vary to meet performance demands. Performance variability is an inevitable asset to ensure the functioning of an organisation and at the same time can be harmful for system safety when it combines in an unexpected manner. This argument clearly indicates the need for safety assessment methods that can deal with performance variability. The Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) has the ability to model performance variability. However parts of the FRAM can be improved to expand its capabilities to evaluate performance variability. This thesis addresses this weakness and develops a methodology for the evaluation of performance variability. The methodology has been applied on a safety assessment case study for the German air traffic management domain. The results have been compared with the official results of a traditional safety assessment. The comparison shows the added valued of the proposed methodology. In particular it illustrates the possibility to identify emergent risks and human contribution to system safety
Merlin, Bruno. "Méthodologie et instrumentalisation pour la conception et l'évaluation des claviers logiciels." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1323/.
Full textThe expansion of mobile devices turn text input performances a major challenge for Human-Machine Interaction. We observed that, even if traditional QWERTY soft keyboards or telephone based soft keyboard were evaluated as poorly efficient, and, even if several alternatives evaluated as more efficient were proposed in the research field, these new alternatives are rarely used. Based on this observation, we argue that the goal of soft keyboard evaluation focus on long term performances whereas does not take into account the perspective for a user to use it in his quotidian. Consequently, we propose a complementary evaluation strategy base on heuristic evaluation methodology. In order to ease the evaluation and design of new soft keyboards, we proposed a new version (E-Assist II) of the E-Assiste plate-form. This plate-form aims, at first, to facilitate the design and procedure of experimentations and, more generally, to guide the theoretical, experimental and heuristic evaluations. A compact version (TinyEAssist) enables to perform experimentation on mobile environment such as mobile phone. At second, based on soft keyboard structure study, we proposed a keyboard specification language enabling to generate complex keyboard (including soft keyboard interacting with prediction systems). The generated soft keyboards may be used into the experimentation plate-form or interacting with the exploration system. At last, based on the criteria highlighted by the heuristic evaluation, we proposed four new soft keyboard paradigms. Among them two paradigms showed interesting perspectives: at first the multilayer keyboard consist in accompanying the user from a standard QWERTY layout to an optimized layout during a transition period; the second consist in accelerating the access to the characters such as accents, upper-case, punctuation, etc. , frequently ignored in the keyboard optimizations
Slaibi, Howaida. "La recherche sociologique dans le monde arabe : approche thématique et évaluation méthodologique." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ017L/document.
Full textSociological research in the Arab world date back to 20. They were influenced by French and later American. The political tendencies of Arab sociologists researchers are reflected in their approaches to sociological themes studied. These are the socio-cultural scope (the Arab culture, intellectuals, secularism, modernity, patriarchy, violence, education, basic personality, the woman in the Arab world, sexuality in the Islam ...), socio-religious (Islam and Islamist movements ...), socio-political (Western domination, freedom and democracy ...), socio-economic (development and underdevelopment, globalization...), etc. Currents and methods which fall in this research are : structuralism, comparative, evolutionism, functionalism, empiricism ... An evaluation of the sociological research allows us to bring to their passive points of weakness following widespread arbitrary, political involvement, problems of categorization and style, themes and approaches, not sociological, low mastery of techniques of expression, methodological problems ... Meanwhile we put on the assets of such research among some authors : the taboo topics, contributions to sociological knowledge, the sense of accuracy, respect for scientific standards ... Indeed, the recovery of the situation of the Arab sociological research, involves three essential conditions : freedom of expression, reform of the sociological training in more than one Arab country, and carrying out research to operational range
Durrieu, Christèle. "Activité immunomodulatrice d'extraits hydrosolubles de fromages affinés de la région Rhône-Alpes : développement d'une méthodologie et évaluation in vitro." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10171.
Full textProst, Jean-Pierre. "Méthodologie de modélisation pour l'évaluation des performances des architectures parallèles." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335687.
Full textSanz, Sanz María-Esther. "Planification urbaine et agriculture : méthodologie systémique de caractérisation de l'agriculture périurbaine à partir d'une recherche empirique en France et en Espagne." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0115.
Full textSo far, agriculture has been addressed by urban planning through its landscape dimension, as a component of open-space areas. Today, collective issues linked with the multifunctionality of agriculture and raising urban concerns on food safety, legitimize the consideration of agriculture in territorial planning through its productive dimension. However, even if existing planning tools based on zoning can be used to protect the agricultural land, they hardly take into account the specificities of agriculture as an evolving economic activity within cities' sphere of influence. In addition, approaches to peri-urban agriculture often focus on the distance to the urban center, and this criterion on its own is not enough to reflect their diversity. In this context, we propose a systemic methodology for characterization of peri-urban agriculture, appropriate to the scale of public action and operational for the practice of planning. Combining geospatial analysis, field surveys and in-situ landscape analysis, we describe the diversity of peri-urban agricultural activities by the characterization of spatial units of peri-urban agriculture (USAPU) from criteria based on the structure, the functioning and the management of the landscape, referring to operational levers that can be used as an alternative or as a complement to zoning. The methodology used for the construction of USAPU is also transposable to other situations without the need for heavy field surveys. It has been validated by empirical use in two contrasting case studies (Avignon and Madrid). Finally, the method allows to discriminate productive areas that are potentially responsive to institutional incentives and thus to steer public action toward areas where it will be most efficient
Lim, Chin. "Évaluation des incertitudes sur les données expérimentales prises dans la soufflerie trisonique de RDDC Valcartier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25971/25971.pdf.
Full textBenjelloun, Kawtar. "Méthodologie de la validation d'un système de production et de distribution d'eaux à usage pharmaceutique." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P078.
Full textChave, Sylvain. "Elaboration d'une méthode intégrée du diagnostic du risque hydrologique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10018.
Full textHoule, Jérôme. "Développement et validation du Schwartz Outcome Scale - 10 pour téléphone intelligent." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28195.
Full textThis study is about the development and validation of a smartphone version of the french-language translation of the Schwartz Outcome Scale – 10 (SOS-10F; Blais et coll., 1999; Laux et coll. 2006). Forty-four participants were recruited from the Université Laval community and completed both the paper and smartphone version of the SOS-10F in order to assess the agreement between the two. Participants also completed a questionnaire to evaluate the acceptability of the new instrument. The measured agreement between the two instruments was excellent (ICC = 0.98), suggesting that the two versions of the SOS-10F can be used interchangeably. A Bland-Altman analysis also suggests that the observed differences between the instruments were adequate for usage in a clinical setting. The acceptability of the smartphone version was high with 86,4% of participants saying this version was as easy or easier to use than the paper version and 70,5% preferring this version as much or more than the paper version. Results suggest that the smartphone version of the SOS-10F could be used interchangeably with the paper version, but more research is necessary before this version could be recommended in a clinical setting.
Ledig, Jacques. "Opportunité, évaluation économique et méthodologie de mise en oeuvre et de développement d'un système d'information géographique dans les collectivités territoriales." Metz, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2003/Ledig.Jacques.LMZ0306.pdf.
Full textJean, Olivier. "Évaluation de la perception des visiteurs quant à l’utilisation de la méthodologie des traceurs dans le programme Qmentum d’Agrément Canada." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25885.
Full textAs part of the Qmentum program, Accreditation Canada uses the tracer methodology to evaluate the quality of services in Canada’s health care institutions. Based on the model used by the Joint Commission in the United States of America, the tracer methodology is in place since 2008. Based on the MSQE from Plante et Bouchard (2002), this study allowed to question Accreditation Canada’s surveyors to determine, according to their perception, the tracer methodology’s quality in terms of five transversal qualities and to determine what are its strengths and weaknesses. Consistency and synergy are the two transversal qualities that significantly affect the tracer methodology’s effectiveness. Meanwhile, the time constraint is its biggest weakness, affecting various aspects of it.
Fort, Karën. "Les ressources annotées, un enjeu pour l’analyse de contenu : vers une méthodologie de l’annotation manuelle de corpus." Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2012_fort.pdf.
Full textManual corpus annotation has become a key issue for Natural Langage Processing (NLP), as manually annotated corpora are used both to create and to evaluate NLP tools. However, the process of manual annotation remains underdescribed and the tools used to support it are often misused. This situation prevents the campaign manager from evaluating and guarantying the quality of the annotation. We propose in this work a unified vision of manual corpus annotation for NLP. It results from our experience of annotation campaigns, either as a manager or as a participant, as well as from collaborations with other researchers. We first propose a global methodology for managing manual corpus annotation campaigns, that relies on two pillars: an organization for annotation campaigns that puts evaluation at the heart of the process and an innovative grid for the analysis of the complexity dimensions of an annotation campaign. A second part of our work concerns the tools of the campaign manager. We evaluated the precise influence of automatic pre-annotation on the quality and speed of the correction by humans, through a series of experiments on part-of-speech tagging for English. Furthermore, we propose practical solutions for the evaluation of manual annotations, that proche che vide the campaign manager with the means to select the most appropriate measures. Finally, we brought to light the processes and tools involved in an annotation campaign and we instantiated the methodology that we described
Fort, Karën. "Les ressources annotées, un enjeu pour l'analyse de contenu : vers une méthodologie de l'annotation manuelle de corpus." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797760.
Full textPhilippe, Christophe. "Méthodologie de modélisation et d'évaluation d'applications réparties temps réel sûres de fonctionnement : application, dans le domaine automobile, à l'électronique embarquée et à l'informatique manufacturière." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL090N.
Full textAutomotive electronic embedded systems, and control systems of vehicle manufacturing, are characterised by hard constraints of time and of dependability. We are interested in this document to the introduction of communication networks in these applications, and propose a methodology to assess such applications. This methodology pro vides a modelling formalism and a framework for assessment methods. The first part of the document justifies our work. After giving some necessary definitions (chapter 1), applications in both domains (embedded systems and manufacturing computer systems) are characterised and synthesised (chapter 2). The second part of the document presents the modelling and assessment methodologies. The modelling formalism integrates the notions of Application Model, Architectures (Functional 'Architecture, Resource Architecture, Operational Architecture), and properties (Characteristics and Constraints). The framework is able to integrate methods of characterics evaluation, of constraints verification, or of application models comparison. The third part of the document describes through examples, the conception, the integration in the framework, and the use, of assessment methods. The chapter 4 presents some temporal valuation methods of communication profiles (mainly based on CAN and ASI networks). The chapter 5 shows dependability assessment methods (ordinal assessment of faults, failure assessment of communication profiles, assessment of fault tolerance solutions based on replication). The fourth part describes a software tool implementing the methodology (chapter 6), and its application in a case study (chapter 7)
Gratien, Julie. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique d’iminosucres, inhibiteurs potentiels de glycosidasesNouvelle méthodologie d’épimérisation en C2 de glyconolactones, en présence d’iodure de magnésium." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112257.
Full textGlycosidases inhibitors are potential antiviral, antimetastatic, antidiabetes, antihyperglycemic or antiimmunostimulatory agents, whose design is a task of major interest in therapeutical chemistry. A series of glyconoamidines, recently prepared in our laboratory and displaying inhibitory potency against mannosidases, have been co-crystallized within the active site of a Golgi α-mannosidase II from Drosophila melanogaster, allowing a fine understanding of the interactions between the inhibitors and the protein residues. This initial structural study allowed us to design and synthesise glyconoamidines derivatives, more moderate inhibitors (micromolar range) but having a really improved selectivity against alpha-mannosidases, compared to the parent active compounds. These prepared derivatives possess a delta-amidine ring, with D-manno, D-gluco, D-xylo or D-lyxo configuration, or a gamma-amidine ring with D-arabino configuration. Other polyhydroxylated structures, based on a pyrido-oxazine scaffold, NJ and MNJ analogues, were also prepared. A new C2 isomerisation of glyconolactones promoted by magnesium iodide has also been developed. Studies conducted in deuterated medium showing the incorporation of a deuterium atom only on C2 position of the isomerized product reveal an epimerization rather than a racemization reaction of this position. A mechanism involving a chelation with magnesium species is proposed to explain this C2 inversion reaction
Zhang, Lichen. "Une méthodologie de conception des applications temps réel destinées à être implantées sur des machines cibles "multi-processeurs"." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30061.
Full textRoots-Buck, Jennifer. "Le scénario comme démarche d'apprentissage et mode d'évaluation." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3035.
Full textTwo questions triggered the present research and are inseparable. Which teaching technique is the most suited to the teaching of a language to specialists in other fields and which assessment procedure is best adapted to these students' needs? If the scenario is chosen for the forthcoming CLES, the French university diploma in language skills, as it has been for other diplomas such as the DCL, then a research into teaching techniques that help students to prepare for this kind of assessment is necessary. The scenario is therefore experimented in various forms both as a teaching technique and as an assessment procedure. Through an analysis of student reactions to this technique and the results it gives, as well as an experimentation of the material required for it, some conclusions can be drawn as to its usefulness
Boleda, Mario. "Démographie historique des Andes : évaluation de certaines méthodes d'estimation du régime démographique à l'époque moderne." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/boleda_m.
Full textDemographic dynamics estimations on historical population are frequently done by methods designed to be applied when data are lacking or incomplete. In this thesis, it is proposed an empirical test for several of these methods: the stable and quasi-stable models, that were elaborated by Coale & Demeny (1966) and the inverse projection designed by R. Lee as it is included in the POPULATE solution, a software produced by Robert McCaa and H Pérez Brignoli. Methods appeared to be seriously biaised. Differences between direct mesures and estimates coming from the tested methods were much larger than expected. Researchers are going to be using these techniques in the next future, waiting for a new and better procedure. Researchers can now apply the correction factors that we obtained from our experimental study based on the Quebec population
Fréchette, Julien. "Jugement clinique vs. évaluation actuarielle du risque de récidive criminelle : le cas mystérieux de la dérogation clinique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67971.
Full textAssessing and managing criminal recidivism risk are now common practices in Western corrections. In Canada, the risk management model is firmly established along the guidelines set by the risk-needs-responsivity model (RNR; Andrews, Bonta & Hoge, 1990). Various tools have been designed to guide practitioners in the evaluation of RNR components, including the Level of Service and Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI; Andrews, Bonta & Wormith, 2004). This instrument is based on risk assessment principles prioritizing the actuarial method to clinical judgment. However, the tool's developers allowed, to some extent, a subjective judgment from the assessors to modify the criminal recidivism risk level in certain circumstances. This discretion granted to assessors to adjust actuarial risk is referred to as the clinical override. Although the clinical override represents an important discretion within the criminal justice system, few studies have been conducted on this practice. For the moment, studies carried out address almost exclusively its predictive validity. Indeed, the scope of previous studies limited to the predictive validity does not allow the understanding of mechanisms surrounding the riskbased override. In light of the scientific literature, although the override is a widespread practice, it remains unknown in terms of prevalence and utilization contexts. Using data from a sample of Quebec inmates and probationers assessed featuring the LS/CMI between 2008 and 2011 (n = 19,710), decision tree analyses were conducted to identify profiles of overridden offenders. The results suggest that the decision to override is extremely rare and seems to be mainly influenced by the nature of the index offense and the risk score prior to the override.
Gouirand, Olivier. "Méthodologie de l'évaluation de la traduction assistée par ordinateur : application au traducteur professionnel en français-anglais et vice versa." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20069.
Full textThis research aims at laying the foundations of an essentially linguistic evaluation of computer-aided translation limited to its use by independent translators on French-English language pairs. More than defining the specificities of the former - which had never been done before - and carrying out a critical and systematic study of the numerous approaches to evaluation, an experiment was conducted on corpora, confirming the tight dependency of semantics and syntax, the latter matching a categorial distribution close to the law on anomalous numbers. The invariants obtained in a statistical fashion were then compared to syntactic and conceptual primitives in the continuity and connexionist paradigm in view to forming a dynamic analysis system for linguistic quality in machine translation, the aim of which is helping it to break the semantic barrier
Cherqui, Frédéric. "Méthodologie d'évaluation d'un projet d'aménagement durable d'un quartier - méthode ADEQUA." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012089.
Full textBertin, Ingrid. "Conception des bâtiments assurant leur réversibilité, leur déconstruction et leur réemploi, méthodologie de suivi et évaluation environnementale sur les cycles de vie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC1041.
Full textIn a context of strong environmental pressure in which the construction sector has the greatestimpact, the reuse of the load-bearing elements is the most promising as it significantly avoidswaste production, preserves natural resources and reduces greenhouse gas emissions by cuttingdown on embodied energy.This thesis consequently covers three main areas of research:1. Improvement of structural design through expedient typologies by defining the DfReu(Design for Reuse) in order to anticipate the use of load-bearing elements (vertical andhorizontal), that can be dismantled and reused at the end of their service life to extendtheir lifespan, ultimately increasing the stock of available elements for reuse.2. Development of a methodology for the implementation of a reinforced and long-lastingtraceability centered on a materials bank with the use of BIM in order to secure all thecharacteristics, in particular physico-mechanical, of the load-bearing elements and tofacilitate the reuse processes as well as the commitment of a new responsibility for thereuse engineer.3. Identification of the key parameters influencing the environmental impacts of reuse anddevelopment of sensitivity study, allowing a better comprehension of the consequencesof this process and its consideration in design to support to decision making.An experiment based on reinforced concrete demonstration portals frames has enabledcorroboration of these three lines of research by generating missing data in literature. Thispractical analysis of column-beam assembly has generated technical data on the structuralbehavior after reuse, but also environmental data for implementation and deconstruction.This research offers subsequently a methodology based on a chain of tools to enable engineersto design reversible construction assemblies within a reusable structure, to secure the necessaryinformation in the BIM model coupled with physical traceability, to build a bank of materials andto enhance design through a stock of load-bearing elements. The study thus distinguishes"design with a stock" which aims to combine as many available elements as possible, from"design from a stock" which leads to the reuse of 100% of the elements and thus presents a newparadigm for the designer.At the same time, the environmental impacts of the reuse process are studied using a life cycleassessment (LCA). A sensitivity study, based among other things on the number of uses and thelifespan, in comparison to equivalent new constructions, provides a better understanding of theareas of interest of the DfReu. Consideration of criteria specific to the circular economy inbuildings completes the definition of reuse criteria. In the end, environmental studies establishunder which conditions reuse reduces the impact of a building and identify the key parameters.The results obtained are primarily intended for structural engineers but more broadly fordesigners part of the project management: architects, engineers and environmental designoffices, in order to offer and encourage the study of variants anticipating the reusability of newlydesigned buildings. By extension, the results can also be used in projects involving existingbuildings