Academic literature on the topic 'Evaluation of economic–geographical position'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Evaluation of economic–geographical position.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Evaluation of economic–geographical position"
1
Sokolov, S. "Cartographic analysis of the integration potential of geographic position." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 4 (April 14, 2017): 149–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.546287.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents questions of evaluation of economic–geographical position (EGP) with cartographic analysis of integration potential. As you know, EGP always carries some information about the possibility of further development of the object, i. e. about the potential of EGP. In most papers on the evaluation of the potential of EGP is assessing its relative favourable or adverse in comparison with other objects (regions, cities, etc.), while the maximum value of EGP not only installed but not even considered. The main methods of this research paper are analysis and synthesis, mapping and geographical comparison, but also a method for the assessment of the integration potential of EGP suggested by V. I. Banitsa of the Institute of Geography the SB RAS. In the process, was obtained information about the interactions of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in particular, the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous district — Yugra and its neighbours 1st order using map of maps and visual analysis. In our opinion, the methods of calculating the integration potential of the EGP will help to solve the problem of evaluating the EGP. It is proposed to use the concept of “ideal integration potential” and “real integration potential” (taking into account the transport accessibility of the neighbouring regions). Under ideal integration potentially refers to the evaluation of the neighbour’s position in the region to the largest possible number of neighbouring regions, i. e. corresponding to a situation where one region shares borders with all the others. In the case of “real integration potential” is required to consider the transport accessibility of neighbouring regions. The paper has practical value for the geographical assessment of EGP of any region, in the solution of modern problems of the Russian economy and other countries, and assess the future development of their regions.
2
Bąk, Iwona, and Katarzyna Cheba. "Synthetic evaluation of disparities in sustainable development of European Union countries." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 63, no. 5 (2018): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0651.
Full textAbstract:
Consistent socio-economic development is one of the strategic goals of the European Union (EU) functioning. The research results presented in the literature focus mainly on the comparison of the position occupied by certain EU countries with respect to other member countries. However, it is also important to address the issue of the EU consistency and to assess the extent of development disparities between individual member countries. The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the disproportions between the EU countries in the area of sustainable development. Sustainable development indicators for the years 2008—2014 available in the Eurostat database were used in the paper. A dynamic version of the relative taxonomy proposed by Stanisław Wydymus was used in the study. The analysis showed that there are strong disproportions in the development of the EU member countries — it turned out that in every geographical region of Europe there are countries with high positions in the ranking, as well as those with low positions. The leader in the whole analysed period was Sweden, with the last place taken by Malta.
3
Tian, Li Juan, Ying Li, and Ai Qing Gao. "An Analysis of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Constructing an Economically Strong City in Tangshan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 2067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.2067.
Full textAbstract:
An economically strong city is an overall evaluation of a city that is taking the lead in economy, society and environment etc. as well as exerting its radiant and aggregate effect. To be an economically strong city, Tangshan should not only make full use of its geographical advantages of being around Beijing and Tianjin and along Bohai, its advantages in resources, and its leading position in the development, but also realize its own advantages and disadvantages of becoming an economically strong city, thus promoting its economic development better.
4
VELYCHKO, Ya, and D. TEREKHINA. "EVALUATION OF THE INNOVATION POSITION OF MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES AND DIRECTIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES." Economics of the transport complex, no. 44 (November 8, 2024): 259. https://doi.org/10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2024.44.259.
Full textAbstract:
The article explores the innovation position of motor transport enterprises amidst modern challenges, particularly the unstable economic situation, the destruction of transport infrastructure, and the security threats associated with the war in Ukraine. The focus is on developing a comprehensive approach to evaluating the innovation position of enterprises, enabling them to assess their capacity for implementing innovative solutions and identifying the necessary organizational changes. The proposed approach encompasses both internal enterprise resources (innovation potential) and the external conditions in which it operates (innovation climate). The innovation potential of an enterprise is assessed through six main blocks: product-service, functional, resource, organizational, managerial, and security. Each block includes key indicators that reflect the enterprise’s readiness to implement innovative projects. The identified indicators are evaluated using a five-point scale, taking into account minimum and maximum values based on statistical data and industry standards. A weighted sum method is used to obtain weighted scores for each indicator, considering the significance of each one. The innovation climate of the enterprise covers the environment of direct and indirect influence. Factors of direct influence include customers, competitors, suppliers, and partners, while the macro environment involves economic, political, technological, social, and natural-geographical factors. Key indicators that reflect the favorability of the external environment for innovation activities are also used to assess the innovation climate. Based on the evaluation of the innovation potential and climate, a matrix of the enterprise’s innovation position is proposed, which allows for determining the level of necessity for organizational changes. The matrix shows the relationship between the level of internal resources and external conditions affecting innovation activities. The results of the matrix evaluation help to select development strategies that take into account both internal capabilities and external challenges. The proposed approach enables motor transport enterprises to objectively assess their innovation position, identify strengths and weaknesses in implementing innovations, and make effective management decisions regarding organizational changes. This is particularly relevant in times of instability and rapid changes in the external environment, where enterprises must quickly adapt and implement innovative strategies to maintain competitiveness and enhance operational efficiency.
5
Pazarskis, Michail, Spyridon Goumas, Andreas Koutoupis, and Konstantinos Konstantinidis. "Do municipal mergers work? Evidence from municipalities in Greece." Journal of Governance and Regulation 8, no. 2 (2019): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v8_i2_p6.
Full textAbstract:
Greek municipalities involved in mandatory mergers from the Kallikratis program after the end of 2010. The purpose of this study is the accounting evaluation of Greek municipalities after the implementation of the Kallikratis program in the period of the economic crisis in Greece (2011 and onwards). To examine the success of the Kallikratis program in a difficult era for Greece we examine public accounting data for several accounting measures for the Greek municipalities; also we try to reveal if any municipalities’ geographical area gained better performance under these circumstances. The results of this study showed that with the Kallikratis program, several municipalities, apart of new increased responsibilities in the post-Kallikratis period and with reduced state financial support, managed to achieve better results with increased their cash and cash equivalents, their securities and decreased their short-term debt. Last, according to the geographical area, these mandatory municipal mergers were more beneficial for some municipalities than to others, with better financial performance, limiting its obligations and improving its net position, thus providing us new insights to local development for Greece.
6
Stejskal, Ladislav, and Jana Stávková. "European households’ consumption expenditures in the decade 2000–2009." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 7 (2012): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260070299.
Full textAbstract:
Paper deals with analysis of consumption expenditures of European households at the beginning and at the end of decade 2000–2009. The aim is to evaluate the impacts of economic development on the life situation of households from a specific point of view. The period represents one phase of the economic cycle in Europe – it is characterized by economic boom as well as declines leading to current crisis. Data was obtained from the Statistical Office of the European Communities. Subjects of analysis were individual European countries and groups EU 27 and EU 15. Using the cluster analysis method it was found that there are certain groups of countries with similar structures of household expenditures. These groups were relatively stable over time and corresponded to the traditional perception of similarity between countries in terms of geographical, cultural, political, etc. factors. However, some exceptions occurred – e.g. position of Ireland close to South European countries or Estonia close to Central European countries. Results serve as a basis for evaluation of economic development and can be also used as an indicator of impacts of economic development on people’s living situation.
7
Wu, Maoguo, and Nan Gu. "The Spatial Spillover Effect of Financial Agglomeration on China’s Regional Economic Growth." International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, no. 7 (2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n7p61.
Full textAbstract:
With the development of economic globalization and economic integration, the regional capital flow accelerated, the flow of resources to expand the scope of the financial industry agglomeration effect is most obvious, leading to form a financial center in some areas highly concentrated. The paper analyzes the agglomeration of China’s current banking industry, securities industry and the insurance industry three big financial pillar industries, through the establishment of comprehensive evaluation index system of financial agglomeration, of China’s provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) of the financial agglomeration level determination. The relevant panel data collected from 2006-2015 in 31 provinces in China, combined with the geographical position, building spatial econometric model, to study China’s financial agglomeration on the spatial spillover effect of economic growth. The empirical results show that the provincial financial agglomeration has a significant impact on the economy and the surrounding provinces, and has a significant spatial spillover effect. At the same time, the financial agglomeration has different characteristics on the economic development of the eastern, central and western regions. The paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the development of the financial industry under the new situation of the supply side reform in different regions.
8
Toghroli, Razie, Zahra Hosseini, Arash Ziapour, Asiyeh Yari, Seyyede Fateme Rahimi, and Nafiul Mehedi. "Explaining the Determinants of Pediculosis Control and Prevention: A Qualitative Study in Southern Iran." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 59 (January 2022): 004695802210863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580221086369.
Full textAbstract:
In many regions of the world, human head lice infestations caused by Pediculus capitis are a major health concern among school-aged children. This study was carried out to explain variables influencing pediculosis prevention and control from the perspective of parents and teachers of female elementary school pupils, as well as healthcare practitioners in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Participants in this qualitative study included 23 participants, including parents and teachers of primary school girls, as well as healthcare practitioners. Purposive sampling was employed and sustained until data saturation was reached. Data was acquired through in-depth interviews and evaluated using content analysis in the form of constant comparison. To assess the quality of the outcomes, Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used. The data were extracted into 2 primary categories, including challenges and facilitators to controlling pediculosis, each with several subcategories as follows: 1) economic-political aspects; 2) family factors; 3) social-cultural elements; 4) personal and mental issues; 5) geographical position of the investigated region; 6) school and education factors; and 7) factors related to medications and therapy. There were 2 types of facilitators: 1) informative factors and 2) social-cultural variables. According to the findings, pediculosis prevention, control, and treatment necessitate multifaceted and multi-level intervention. Some solutions must be addressed at the personal-psychological, familial, political-economic, geographical, and informational levels, as well as school-related concerns, social stigma elimination, and evaluation of cultural components of the issue at the social level.
9
Sanjeev, Kumar Bragta. "Pakistan and Indian Ocean Region: A Study in Contested Orientations." Journal of Social and Political Sciences 5, no. 2 (2022): 112–21. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1991.05.02.351.
Full textAbstract:
The proposed study will direct particular attention to firstly, geographical contexts of a state, and its perceptions and policies will be identified via consideration of various set of factors like Geographical–the description, evaluation and changing value and changing perception of locational and regional factors including, for example, proximity, relative location, degree of control of strategic waterways and to degree of access to strategic resources. The Economic-the stability and change of economic linkages in order to maximize economic security. The Political –causes of regional peace and conflict and changing threat perceptions. Secondly, State perceptions and policies will be especially concerned with the perceived global and regional positions. For instance, Pakistan’s perception of its ‘regional centrality’ in South Asia and its sphere of influence in the Indian Ocean. Further, the state policy documents which identify particular orientations or changes in orientations in geopolitics, geoeconomics and geostrategic terms. These analyses, will lead to an increased understanding of the behaviour of Pakistan as a state in the Indian Ocean Region. That will contribute to an environment of peace and stability in the region.
10
Bielik, P., and Z. Sojková. "The evaluation of effects of the subsidy system on Slovak farms in different regions in the pre- and post-EU accession stage." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 1 (2012): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4992-agricecon.
Full textAbstract:
The primary goal of our analysis is to evaluate the effects of changes in the Slovak agriculture subsidy system on the selected farms located in different production areas between the years 2003 and 2004. Our comparative analysis divides the farms into two groups: The first group represents all those farms that operate in good farming conditions i.e. primarily the land is more productive (PA). The second group of farms operates in less favorable farming conditions (LFA). The regions differ from each other in terms of geographical position, location, production and climatic conditions, as well as the quality of land. We analyzed data of 119 farms.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Evaluation of economic–geographical position"
1
Diallo, Aliou Baguissa. "Evaluation of the economic impact of geographical indications : three case studies." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD003/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse évalue l'impact économique des politiques de qualité liée à l'origine en mobilisant des méthodes d'évaluation que nous adaptons à la spécificité des démarches de certification, notamment à leur dimension spatiale. Dans un premier temps, nous analysons l'effet de l'adoption d’une Appellation d’Origine Protégée (AOP) sur le prix ainsi que sur les coûts de production des producteurs de lait AOP en Franche-Comté, en exploitant la discontinuité géographique à la frontière (Geographic Regression Discontinuity). Dans un second temps, nous utilisons les méthodes d'appariement statistique pour analyser les hétérogénéités régionales en termes de prix et de coûts de production entre les régions Auvergne, Rhône-Alpes et Franche-Comté avant de nous intéresser aux effets à une échelle nationale. Enfin, nous évaluons l'effet de l'adoption d'une Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP) sur les prix payés aux producteurs de Café de Colombie à l'aide des méthodes comparatives (synthetic control methods). En moyenne, les résultats montrent un effet positif de l'adoption de l'indication géographique sur la performance économique des exploitations. Cependant, cet effet est hétérogène entre les filières et les régions d'origine des produits<br>This thesis evaluates the economic impact of quality-related-to-origin policies using evaluation methods adapted to the specificity of such certifications, in particular, the spatial dimension. First, we analyze the effect of a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) adoption on price and production costs of PDO milk producers in Franche-Comté using a Geographic Regression Discontinuity (GRD) design. Secondly, we use propensity matching methods to analyze regional heterogeneity in Auvergne, Rhône-Alpes, and Franche-Comté before focusing on the effect of the PDO adoption at a national level. Finally, we evaluate the effect of the adoption of a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) on prices paid to Colombian coffee producers using synthetic control methods. Overall, we find that PDO and/or PGI adoption is associated with positive effects on farmers' economic performances. However, these effects are not homogeneously distributed
2
Ozcan, Yavuzoglu Seyma. "An Evaluation Of Clustering And Districting Models For Household Socio-economic Indicators In Address-based Population Register System." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611471/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Census operations are very important events in the history of a nation. These operations cover every bit of land and property of the country and its citizens. Census data is also known as demographic data providing valuable information to various users, particularly planners to know the trends in the key areas. Since 2006, Turkey aims to produce this census data not as &ldquo<br>de-facto&rdquo<br>(static) but as &ldquo<br>de-jure&rdquo<br>(real-time) by the new Address Based Register Information System (ABPRS). Besides, by this new register based census, personal information is matched with their address information and censuses gained a spatial dimension. Data obtained from this kind of a system can be a great input for the creation of &ldquo<br>small statistical areas (SSAs)&rdquo<br>which can compose of street blocks or any other small geographical unit to which social data can be referenced and to establish a complete census geography for Turkey. Because, statistics on large administrative units are only necessary for policy design only at an extremely abstracted level of analysis which is far from "<br>real"<br>problems as experienced by individuals.
In this thesis, it is aimed to employ some spatial clustering and districting methodologies to automatically produce SSAs which are basically built upon the ABPRS data that is geo-referenced with the aid of geographical information systems (GIS) and thus help improving the census geography concept which is limited with only higher level administrative boundaries in Turkey. In order to have a clear idea of what strategy to choose for its realization, small area identification criteria and methodologies are searched by looking into the United Nations&rsquo<br>recommendations and by taking some national and international applications into consideration. In addition, spatial clustering methods are examined for obtaining SSAs which fulfills these criteria in an automated fashion. Simulated annealing on k-means clustering, only k-means clustering and simulated annealing on k-means clustering of Self-Organizing Map (SOM) unified distances are deemed as suitable methods. Then these methods are implemented on parcel and block datasets having either raw data or socio-economic status (SES) indices in nine neighborhoods of Keç<br>iö<br>ren whose graphical and non-graphical raw data are manipulated, geo-referenced and combined in common basemaps. Consequently, simulated annealing refinement on k-means clustering of SOM u-distances is selected as the optimum method for constructing SSAs for all datasets after making a comparative quality assessment study which allows us to see how much each method obeyed the basic criteria of small area identification while creating SSA layers.
3
Prasad, Niranjan. "A critical evaluation of geographical and economic resources of Mathura District with a micr-regional planning of Chhata Tahsil." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4340.
Full textBooks on the topic "Evaluation of economic–geographical position"
1
Roper, Stephen. The principles of new competition: An empirical assessment of Ireland's position. Northern Ireland Economic Research Centre, 1997.
Find full text
2
Viviani, Alessandro, ed. Firms and System Competitiveness in Italy. Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-270-7.
Full textAbstract:
Recent evolution of the Italian industrial system shows how the concepts of localization/delocalization of economic production processes have very little to do with geographical and administrative borders. In this context, a very important and discussed element of complexity is represented by the evaluation of competitiveness. Problems regarding the concept and its proper measurement require a deep elaboration and regard the context of analysis, the information and the available statistical data sources. This book aims at discussing this complex phenomenon from a critical viewpoint both at a macro (economic systems) and at a micro (firms) level showing that they are intrinsically integrated.
3
A Brief account of Canada for the use of emigrants: Containing particulars as to its geographical position, form of government, population, climate, railways, price of provisions and other essentials of life, wages, education of children, price and general quality of lands and farms, means of access from Great Britain, investments, &c., &c., &c. : with a list of farms and lands, their prices and terms of payment, taken from a Toronto land circular. Printed for the publishers, 1994.
Find full text
4
Patel, Kiran Klaus. Germany and European Integration Since 1945. Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0034.
Full textAbstract:
Germany and the integration of Europe since 1945 is the main focus of this article. Finding its place in Europe and defining what its Europe should be is a leitmotif of Germany's history. Long before the twentieth century, its central position and size raised the question of how both Germany and Europe could be organized in a constructive, stable, and peaceful way that would work for Germans, as well as for their neighbors. In a basically chronological manner, this article analyzes the sea-shift in Germany's relationship to Europe since 1945, understanding ‘Europe’ not as a vague cultural or geographical entity, but rather as institutionalized forms of political and economic integration with a European focus. An analysis of West Germany as a post-national democracy untill the two Germanies reunites in 1990 concludes this article.
5
Helmut, Tuerk. 15 Landlocked and Geographically Disadvantaged States. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198715481.003.0015.
Full textAbstract:
The growing realization of the enormous resources and economic potential of the seas along with concerns over the impact of long-distance fishing fleets on coastal fish stocks and the threats posed by pollution from ships to coastal communities and ocean life have caused a major shift towards more national authority over maritime areas, leading to a diminution of the extent of the high seas and an attenuation of its freedoms. This development has directly affected the landlocked States as well as other States in a less favourable geographical position with respect to the seas and their resources. This chapter analyzes how landlocked and geographically disadvantaged States sought to safeguard their rights and interests in connection with the emergence of a new law of the sea; the rights granted to them under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC); how these rights have been realized in practice; and the role of these States in the further development of the law of the sea.
6
Güçlü, Yücel. Armenian Events Of Adana In 1909. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2018. https://doi.org/10.5040/9780761877677.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the book is twofold: first, to give an accurate and reasonably complete narrative account of the Armenian events of 1909 and their aftermath in the province of Adana and the developments leading up to and following them; and equally importantly, to provide an interpretive framework that makes some sense out of this episode in Ottoman history. The book opens with an exposition of the geographical and economic importance of the province of Adana and its vicinity in the Ottoman Empire. This is followed by a broad demographical overview of the region. The position of the Armenians in Adana at the turn of the twentieth century, their linguistical and educational characteristics, their role in the economic and social life, and their schooling effort in the province are all examined. Further, the major causes of the outbreak in the area in 1908-1909, the dimensions of the disorders in April 1909, and the responsibility for the outrages are explored along with the reestablishing of order in the district in May-August 1909. A description and an analysis of Cemal Pasa’s work of humanitarian relief and reconstruction when he was provincial governor in Adana and a survey of post-1911 Adana and Cemal Pasa’s governorship at Baghdad are also included in this study.
7
Toye, John. Double-edged development, 1767–. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198723349.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
Many writers on development are extremists, either venerating it as the source of economic cornucopia and human fulfilment or denouncing it as bringing loss of authentic community and culture, greater exploitation, and the curtailment of liberty. A minority, however, have taken a more nuanced and ambivalent position—that, like the curate’s egg, development is good in parts. For example, Adam Ferguson acknowledged the benefits of commercial society but warned against the infinite expansion of human wants, increasing inequality, and the loss of community cohesion. Similar emphasis on the mixed results of development arises in the work of J. S. Mill, Friedrich Engels, and Joseph Schumpeter (‘creative destruction’). In more recent times Albert Hirschman pointed out the negative externalities such as environmental pollution caused by economic production growth—but man-made global climate change is a newer version. All change creates both winners and losers and this fuels the extreme evaluation of it.
Book chapters on the topic "Evaluation of economic–geographical position"
1
Bisello, Adriano, Marta Bottero, Marco Volpatti, and Tiziana Binda. "Multicriteria Spatial Economic Decision Support Systems to Support Positive Energy Districts: A Literature Review." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39206-1_2.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract To meet the ambitious targets set by the European Union to reduce CO2 emissions, action in cities is essential. In fact, cities are responsible for 67% of the world's primary energy consumption and about 70% of energy-related CO2 emissions. To support the urban energy transition, widespread implementation of net-zero districts, or even better, positive energy districts (PEDs), is expected. PEDs could be defined as energy efficient and energy flexible urban areas that aim to provide a surplus of clean energy to the city through renewable energy. However, the development of the PED concept needs to take into account not only the technical issue of energy systems, but also the environmental, social, and economic aspects. To be effective, it is important to provide decision makers with tools based on a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach that can effectively assess the complexity of impacts from a multi-stakeholder perspective. The MCDA approach can be supported by a Geographic Information System (GIS) that helps to analyze the data and make it communicable to everyone. The purpose of this research, through a scientific literature review, is to investigate different MCDA supported by GIS in the framework of economic evaluation methods, aiming to contribute to the definition of an effective multi-criteria spatial economic decision making method to support and sustain the design and development of PEDs.
2
Gan, Qili, Langhua Li, Qiming Huang, and Wanqing Chen. "Urban Development Potential Evaluation of Prefabricated Buildings Based on PCA-TOPSIS Model." In Novel Technology and Whole-Process Management in Prefabricated Building. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5108-2_13.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn recent years, with the strong support of the Chinese government, prefabricated buildings have entered a period of rapid development. Prefabricated buildings occupy an important position in the construction industry in China. However, in the process of the implementation of prefabricated buildings, it is found that each region has different economic, technological and social levels, and each city has different development strategic goals and related supporting policies. The development potential of prefabricated buildings is very different, the development process is different, and the potential needs to be tapped. Based on the literature research method, this paper selects 25 evaluation indicators from four aspects of policy, economy, technology and market, adopts the principal component weighted TOPSIS evaluation method to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of the development potential of prefabricated buildings in cities, and makes a comprehensive evaluation of the development potential of prefabricated buildings in cities, so as to help cities understand their own development potential of prefabricated buildings. Develop prefabricated building development strategy to provide reference.
3
Nanima, Robert Doya. "Contextualising the Socio-Economic Rights of the Refugee Child: An Evaluation of the Position of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child." In Politics of Citizenship and Migration. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16548-1_6.
Full text
4
Bungaro, Luca, Marta Desimoni, Mariagiulia Matteucci, and Stefania Mignani. "The joint estimation of accuracy and speed: An application to the INVALSI data." In Proceedings e report. Firenze University Press and Genova University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0106-3.39.
Full textAbstract:
In Italy, the National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education and Training System (INVALSI) every year administers standardized tests via computer-based testing (CBT) to students attending grades 8, 10, and 13. The CBT mode allows to collect data not only on the students’ response accuracy (RA) based on item responses, but also on their response times (RT). By using these data, it is now possible to estimate the speed ability of examinees, besides the usual ability (e.g. Italian language, mathematics or English ability). In this study, we use the 2018 mathematics data for grade 10 to estimate the ability and speed of students following the fully Bayesian approach of Fox et al. (2021), who implemented in the R package LNIRT the models of van der Linden (2007) and Klein Entik et al. (2009). In a second step, we use the estimated mathematics ability and speed in a bivariate multilevel model, where the first-level units are represented by students and the second-level units are represented by classes. Covariates such as gender, school type, immigrant status, economic, social, and cultural status, prior achievement, grade retention, student anxiety, class compositional variables, and geographical area are included in the model. The main results show that the ability and speed are inversely proportional, e.g. as ability increases, speed decreases. Also, differences in the students performance by gender and school type are significant for both ability and speed.
5
Ma, Yulu. "Analysis of Measures for Preventing Desertification in Inner Mongolia in China." In Interlocal Adaptations to Climate Change in East and Southeast Asia. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81207-2_18.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSince the early 1990s, with the economic development and population growth, desertification has increasingly attracted the attention of governments, international organizations, and scientists around the world. The evaluation of desertification has become a new interest in land science research. Inner Mongolia is a largely deserted province in China, with the deserted land covering 640,000 km2; 91.16%, 41.4%, and 41.0% of the desertification was caused by wind erosion, water erosion, and saline desertification, respectively. Desertification is so disastrous that it can cause additional ecological problems (Liu and Wang 2006; Ye 2008). The causes of desertification in Inner Mongolia can be classified into human and natural causes. Regarding human causes, irrational irrigation methods are the main causes, mainly due to the pressure of population growth, overgrazing (Fig. C8.1), the expansion of dry land reclamation (Fig. C8.2), woodcutting, and the harvesting of Chinese herbal medicine (Fig. C8.3). Regarding natural causes, climate change and the geographical environment are the main issues. Within Inner Mongolia, the arid, semi-arid, and sub-humid arid regions deep in the hinterland of the continent and far away from the ocean comprise the most arid and fragile environmental zone, which lies in the same latitude as areas with the lowest precipitation and highest evaporation. In the past 40 years, precipitation has shown a decreasing trend in parts of the arid, semi-arid, and sub-humid arid regions of Inner Mongolia, whereas the temperature in other areas has shown an increasing trend. These changes in the climate have led to an increase in evaporative power and contributed to soil salinization, which have exacerbated desertification to a certain extent.
6
Righi, Riccardo. "Information Flow Simulations in Multi-dimensional and Dynamic Systems." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23929-8_22.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe relevance of nodes with respect to the position they have in a network is often investigated with centrality measures. In particular, in cases where it is specifically meaningful to consider nodes’ ability to cumulate and convey information, like in economic systems, betweenness centrality is one of the most pertinent options because of its underlying concept. However, this statistic presents two limitations. First, as it relies on the computation of shortest paths, it is grounded on a binary topological evaluation: every time a node is not located in the shortest path between two other nodes, it gains no score at all in its centrality (even if it is located on a path just one step longer). Second, betweenness centrality does not allow the direct analysis of multi-dimensional and dynamic networks: it has to be computed one dimension and one instant at a time, and this causes problems of comparability in case of weighted connections. The scope and the originality of this work is to design a network model that makes it possible to solve these issues. The proposed Dynamic Multi-Layer Network (DMLN) allows the structural representation of the multi-dimensional and dynamic properties of nodes’ interactions. Then, this allows the computation of a metric that, based on Infomap random walks, assesses the level of information cumulated and conveyed by nodes in any moment and in any dimension of interaction. Importantly, this is performed without relying on a binary evaluation, and by jointly taking into account what occurred in all the dimensions and during the entire period, in which the system is observed. We present and discuss an implementation based on ICT worldwide trade of goods and services in the period 2004–2014.
7
Crul, Maurice. "Epilogue: Where Did Weak and Strong Ties Go Wrong?" In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94972-3_11.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn this volume, both qualitative and quantitative scholars describe their findings on the networks of migrants and their descendants and explore the content of their social ties for educational and labor market success in seven European countries. Some contributions cover decades of work in this field, making this one of most comprehensive books on this topic, both theoretically and empirically. Almost without exception, the authors, although describing various ethnic groups, different geographical and professional contexts and different time periods, are critical of a number of the main arguments about the networks of migrants developed in the field of migration studies. Central in their critique is the question about the importance of co-ethnic or inter-ethnic ties and networks, and their importance to enter the labor market and move up. In the field of migration studies, concepts like integration and assimilation have greatly influenced the thinking of its scholars. The idea that newcomers only become fully integrated in a society when they gain a similar economic position and are in contact with people without migration background, or, in other words, become part of the mainstream, has been a strong and dominant view in our field (Alba & Nee, 2003; Alba, 2009; Portes & Rumbaut, 2001; Portes & Zhou, 1993). People who largely interact with co-ethnics and or work in labor market sectors that are dominated by co-ethnics (ethnic niches) are usually seen as not (yet) fully integrated into their new society. And when this also translates to the native-born children (so-called ‘second generation decline’), this is seen as problematic (Ganz, 1992). In this broader framework on integration and assimilation, Granovetter’s (1973) idea of strong and weak ties has entered the field of migration studies. Lang and Schneider, in this volume, rightly state that it is questionable whether the idea of strong ties – for co-ethnics – and weak ties – for ties with people without migration background – was originally intended by Granovetter to be used in this way. But what is clear, however, is that this idea fitted perfectly with broader theories on integration and assimilation. The importance for newly arrived migrants of strong co-ethnic ties in ethnic networks is generally considered one of the starting pieces of the puzzle laying out the process of assimilation in its first phase. The idea of weak ties, also in its symbolic emphasis on ‘weak’, perfectly suited the still scarce and superficial contacts with people of native descent in the early stages of the assimilation process. Since the concept of weak and strong ties fitted so well with the dominant theories about integration and assimilation (classical, neo and new assimilation), much of what was happening with migrants, and even their descendants, in the labor market was seen through, what many would call, an ethnic lens (Crul, 2016; Dahinden, 2016; Wimmer, 2013). Migrants gained a first foothold in the labor market through strong co-ethnic ties and were slowly moving up through their weak ties, making use of information and resources of people of native descent with whom they had only superficial contact. The idea of strong ties also resonated with the notion that their relations with co-ethnics were more meaningful and profound. There was also a dark side to strong ties. Under some conditions, because of the limited information and resources in the co-ethnic network, for some the strong ties could lead to an ethnic mobility trap.
8
Yilmaz, S. Ece. "A Review of the Promotion of Entrepreneurship in the Solar Water Heating Industry in Turkey." In The Importance of Entrepreneurship in Fostering Economic Progress. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7127-2.ch008.
Full textAbstract:
The integration of renewable energy and entrepreneurship concepts has the potential to foster economic growth. Despite its advantageous geographical position for solar energy utilization, Turkey's solar water heating system sector has yet to capitalize on its potential fully. Hence, there is a need to expand entrepreneurship in solar water heating systems. Consequently, attaining national and sustainable development goals can be facilitated alongside promoting regional development. This chapter examines the impact of entrepreneurship in the solar water heating system industry on economic growth, with a specific focus on Turkey's position in this sector. The evaluation is conducted by drawing upon relevant research. The chapter examines the various aspects that could potentially influence the development of entrepreneurship in the solar water heating system industry. It also proposes potential solutions to improve the prospects of solar water heating system entrepreneurship.
9
Di Censi, Luca, and Francesco Fabi. "Estimating the Costs of the Criminal Justice System." In Evaluating the impact of Laws Regulating Illicit Drugs on Health and Society. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815079241123010014.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter looks into the economic costs of drug control to the criminal justice systems in four European countries, Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain as a contribution to the debate on the costs of illicit drugs to society suggesting paths for investigation. At the global level, extensive evidence has been collected and research has been carried out on the importance of estimating the costs of crime to society [1]. However, there is still little evidence on some aspects of the criminal justice costs considered in relation to the laws and regulations for which they were incurred. The study of Farrell and Clark [2] is one example of an empirical estimate of the direct cost of public expenditure on the global criminal justice system. Using six different regression models, the study found that there was a direct relationship between the wealth of nations and the amount spent on criminal justice: richer countries spend more GDP per capita than less developed countries. Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain show both differences and commonalities in terms of their geographical position, economic development and criminal justice system organization in relation to drug control. All four countries are based on a civil law system and have old judicial traditions. The analysis shows that drug-related costs for the three sectors considered (police, courts and prisons) as a share of GDP, from 2010 to 2018, have increased only for Poland, while for Italy, there has been a slight decrease and for Portugal and Spain drug-related justice expenditure has sharply decreased.
10
Zhang, Zhilong. "Evolution of Ecological Damage Probability in the Arid Area Based on SPCA: A Case Study of Yinchuan City." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia231385.
Full textAbstract:
The cities in the arid area of northwest China are restricted by climate, and their economic development is affected to varying degrees. The oasis cities are located in an ecological fragile region, which is stressed by natural conditions and human activities, and has a high ecological risk. Based on Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technology, this paper selected human stress and landscape vulnerability as two types of evaluation indices from multiple perspectives. The random forest method was used for supervised classification to obtain land use data and the Kappa value was greater than 0.85. Each landscape index was calculated by Fragstats. Spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) was used to objectively determine weights. Finally, weighted superposition was used to calculate the ecological damage probability of the urban built-up areas in Yinchuan from 2000 to 2020. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the high-value area of ecological damage probability of urban built-up areas in Yinchuan continued to increase, and the area of each grade changed from the dominant position of the low-value area to the equilibrium of each grade. (2) The spatial distribution of ecological damage probability is high in the central urban areas and low in the surrounding suburbs, and the medium value area as the transition area shrinks significantly. The ecological damage probability of the Yellow River and its banks decreases partly but still increases overall. (3) Human stress is the main factor in the ecological damage probability. (4) The risk of local areas in the central urban areas is reduced, and the ecological restoration projects achieve obvious results. Therefore, reducing man-made damage and implementing effective ecological restoration are the key points to protect the ecological environment, and also the key to scientifically preventing future ecological risks in the ecological fragile region.
Conference papers on the topic "Evaluation of economic–geographical position"
1
Yan-qiang, Liu, Li Jie, Luo Zhong-jiang, et al. "Application of Specialized Assembled Flexible Anode to Stray Current Drainage in Pipelines." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00110.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract With the rapid development of urban transportation systems, the occurrence of intersections and parallels between urban railway lines and buried gas pipelines became increasingly prevalent. The severe and periodic DC stray current generated during railway line operations accelerates pipeline corrosion, thereby significantly impacting pipeline safety. A natural gas pipeline in Nanjing, China had long been affected by dynamic DC stray interference currents from the subway (with a maximum DC current density reaching 976 A/m2). The existing DC current drainage system with sacrificial anodes failed to address on-site interference issues effectively. Moreover, due to geographical location constraints, construction conditions and power supply limitations, traditional forced drainage systems cannot be properly installed or operated. Therefore, the adoption of a new specialized assembled flexible anode combined with a solar intelligent potentiostatic device for forced drainage purposes was proposed in this paper. Following implementation of this system, under-protection states of the pipeline was successfully suppressed while corrosion was effectively alleviated. Application results demonstrated that the specialized assembled flexible anode combined with solar intelligent potentiostat drainage system could offer remarkable effectiveness in draining excess current while minimizing installation position restrictions and convenient construction processes. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent economic performance and holds significant potential for widespread application.
2
Zhang, L., A. Rahimi, F. Arya, H. Rivera, L. Martinez, and H. Castaneda. "Dynamic Macro Modeling for the Soil Characteristics as a Complement for the Pre-Evaluation Step in the External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA) Method." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02574.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract External corrosion direct assessment (ECDA) includes four steps as a recommended methodology in NACE SP05021. The first is the pre assessment; this initial step considers the recollection of parameters influencing the time-dependent treatment for underground pipelines, feasibility of the method, tool selection for indirect inspection, and region identification. The pipelines as electrochemical cells include physical characteristics (working electrode), soil conditions and environment surrounding the metallic structure (electrolyte and interface) that are not only a function of position, but time. Corrosion as a time-dependent threat is magnitude directly influenced by dynamic parameters, such as the water content and drainage properties in the soils. Dynamic macroscopic changes lead to the collection of more parameters, localized areas where the phenomenon can occur at specific regions, and the technologies that are feasible to apply can be more reliable defining the regions based on evolution and location of water distribution. This study aims to provide a framework on how and what to study in the soil moisture for external pipeline corrosion research. It is composed of three parts: (1) the study of geographical information of the region and the determination of the precipitation pattern, (2) the determination of top soil moisture field capacity from the soil survey information and top soil moisture with the application of water balance method, and (3) applying Richards equation for flow in unsaturated soil to estimate the soil moisture (soil water content) surrounding the pipelines. This work proposes the macromodeling concept based on the water distribution in different regions throughout the year due to the climate, rainfall, and environmental parameters. The watersheds give the location and time for indirect survey deployment. Indirect measurements are considered for a specific region close to the Gulf of Mexico.
3
Boychev, Boycho. "APPLICATION OF THE BENCHMARKING APPROACH IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.181.
Full textAbstract:
Marketing strategy is related to the way a company operates in relation to its competitors. In the short run, its success depends on the financial performance of ongoing activities, while its long-term evaluation and development depend on its ability to adapt to emerging market changes in the agricultural sector. To be effective, the strategy must be organized in a systematic and formal way in a written document that formulates the long-term and short-term goals of the company and the ways to achieve them. Benchmarking is actually a system aimed at finding, evaluating and researching the best examples, regardless of their size, business scope and geographical specifications. Therefore, it can be argued that benchmarking is a special kind of art to discover what others do better than us, as well as to study, master and improve their methods of work. The purpose of benchmarking is to understand and evaluate the current position of a business or organization in relation to best practices and to identify areas and means to improve efficiency.
4
Hana, Suela. "ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATION POLICIES FOR VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING, THE NECESSITY OF THEIR MULTIDISCIPLINARY EVALUATION." In 5th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2021 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2021.413.
Full textAbstract:
Extensive developments and changes in the economic, political, social, cultural and scientific fields have undoubtedly brought problems and disturbing phenomena in many parts of the world, such as the trafficking and exploitation of human beings. Every year many women, girls and children are illegally transported across the borders of their countries of origin, sold or bought, bringing to mind all the primitive ways of human slavery, seen in stark contrast to the galloping development that society has taken today, as well as aspirations for a worldwide civilization and citizenship. Regarding Albania, the beginning of trafficking in human beings dates in 1995 (Annual Analysis of 2003 of the State Social Service, Tirana), where the country found itself in a situation of instability of political, economic, social and cultural changes, as well as in a transitional geographical position to was used by traffickers, mostly Albanians, as an “open door” for the recruitment, transportation and sale of women, girls and children from Moldova, Russia, Romania, Turkey, Albania, China, etc. Albania is identified as a source and transit country for trafficked women and children. In addition, many NGOs and international organizations report significant increase cases in the trafficking of human beings. In 1999, official sources reported that young women and girls had been lured or abducted from refugee camps in Albania during the Kosovo crisis and then sold for prostitution in Italy and the United Kingdom. Reports from Italy, Germany, Belgium and the UK suggest that Albanian women and girls, which are trafficked for prostitution mostly are from rural areas (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Review Conference, September 1999). It is almost common to talk about the phenomenon of trafficking in human beings, about the motivating and attractive factors, the consequences associated with this phenomenon of Albanian society. Given the extent of the trafficking phenomenon during the last 30 years transition period in Albania, the Government has made different legislative and institutional efforts, through a strategic approach to combat and mitigate this phenomenon. However, the elements of identification, protection, reintegration and long-term rehabilitation for victims of trafficking remain issues of concern and still not properly addressed, in the context of the institutional fight against trafficking in persons, which should have as its primary goal the protection of the human rights for victims of trafficking and not their further violation or re-victimization (Annual Report of the European Commission, 2007).
5
Sevostyanova, Lidiya I., and Andrey V. Rogotnev. "USE OF THE NATURAL AND ECONOMIC APPROACH FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE NATURAL AND RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF THE MEDVEDEVSKY DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL." In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-65-67.
Full textAbstract:
To assess the natural resource potential of the Medvedevsky district of the Mari El Republic, a scoring method was used, a natural economic approach based on the administrative division of the territory was used.
6
Takahashi, Koji, Yasuo Kasugai, and Isao Fukuda. "Port Placement Theory in Consideration of Geographical Characteristics and Disaster Risks in Case of Ocean Space Utilization." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24345.
Full textAbstract:
In case of ocean space utilization, the factors which have to be taken into consideration in order to form an international basic container route are geographical factors which are the position on a global scale, the economic scale of port hinterland, the ocean climatic condition for setting the route etc. as well as factors from the viewpoint of transport such as the volume of container cargo and both size of container ships and container terminals. It is important to consider these geographical factors not only in order to study the port placement from the global point of view but also to devise the port policy. Although there are many studies on factors from the viewpoint of transport, there is almost no study on these geographical factors. Then, the authors made a new simulation model and analyzed these geographical factors of the international container ports in all parts of the world. As a result of analysis, the authors got the conclusion that there were three port placement patterns. The first type is ‘the Continent Base Port Type’, which it is located in the continent and has the large economic hinterland. Typical ports of this type are Antwerp, LA, LB and Shanghai. The second type is ‘the Ocean Base Port Type’, which is located in the ocean space where geographical predominance is high. This type forms route hubs. Typical ports of this type are Singapore, Malta and Kaohsiung. The third type is ‘the Tight Hinterland Port Type’, which is located in an island and has the tight economic hinterland where the economic activities density is very high. This type has characteristics that the distance between the ports is short and there are a lot of numbers of ports, which is unique and special in the world. Japan’s ports are classified in the third type. Furthermore, Japan has a characteristic that there are many large-scale earthquakes and has to consider earthquake measures to reduce disaster risks. The authors will suggest the most suitable port placement theory in consideration of these characteristics in case of ocean space utilization.
7
Özkan, Gürsel. "Judicial Review of Cumulative Impact Assessment." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02273.
Full textAbstract:
In our country, there is not any domestic or international regulation regarding assessment of cumulative impacts of air pollution caused by thermal power stations in the region or environment in where the station is established. According to the Article 56 of the Constitution, everyone has the right to live in a healthy and balanced environment and it is the duty of the State and citizens to protect the environmental rights. These rights include right to live in an environment which is protected and is not damaged or polluted, in addition to social and cultural development, and the efficient use of national resources for in particular the rapid, balanced and harmonious development of industry and agriculture throughout the country, which is stated in the Article 166 of the Constitution. Cumulative impact assessment is evaluation of the effects caused by the combined results of a project or a certain project action and foreseeable past, current and future human actions. Cumulative impact assessment of thermal power stations could be possible with the determination of the combined effects of existing and licensed power stations while licensing process of a new stations. There should be an assessment regarding the place, location and type of other power stations which are already established or are planned to establish in the same city or geographic area. This requirement is crucial in terms of judicial review of licensing of new power stations which are planned to establish upon Environment Impact Assessment is Positive decision.
8
Sayapov, E., S. D. Kurniadi, F. Manzano, M. Al-Mahfudhi, and R. C. Guzman. "Green Initiatives in Hydraulic Fracturing Operations." In SPE International Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215634-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Hydraulic fracturing, a widely adopted stimulation technique in the oil and gas industry, significantly contributes to CO2 emissions. This paper aims to identify the sources of emissions, explore options and methods for reducing the CO2 footprint, and enhance safety measures for personnel involved in hydraulic fracturing operations. The study examines various factors that collectively contribute to minimizing the environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing. It discusses techniques implemented in Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), as well as other available and potential approaches for reducing CO2 emissions, including customized equipment selection accompanied by emission calculations, spill and pollution prevention measures, adoption of electric fracturing fleets and solar energy, utilization of four-phase separators to eliminate post-fracturing flaring and hydrocarbon waste, among others. The paper highlights green initiatives already implemented in PDO and quantifies their positive outcomes. Furthermore, it outlines a roadmap for future improvements in the short and long term, assesses the economic and reputational impact resulting from the implementation of such initiatives, and addresses associated requirements and challenges. The paper presents a diagram evaluating the level of positive economic, environmental, and reputational impacts relative to the costs and efforts involved. Detailed guidelines are provided to assist well engineers in selecting appropriate solutions for different geographical and geological conditions in various fields. By discussing global trends towards environmentally friendly practices in the oil and gas industry and drawing on PDO's experience, this paper unveils strategies for tailoring available solutions to specific conditions and circumstances.
9
Özel, Çağlar. "Residence of Foreigners in Turkey with respect to the Immigration Law." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00897.
Full textAbstract:
Immigration is an important issue for almost any country with respect to economic and social aspects. However, this situation amounts to a specific importance for Turkey in relation to its geographical and strategic position and current economic opportunities. Because, due to the heavy economic and political instability in the region in which Turkey exists, Turkey has not only become a transit country for irregular migration but also it has turned into a target country. Such situation has brought many economic, social, cultural, legal etc. problems and especially security issues. We, limited to the scope and size of our study, shall focus on one of the most important aspects of mentioned issues, which is “residence of foreigners in Turkey”. Within this context, we shall mention mainly the procedure and the conditions, timeline, restrictions, obligations, work permits, permit annulments etc. briefly and shall offer solution to problematic issues.
10
Başeğmez, Nergiz, and Kerem Toker. "A Crossroad For Turkey: European Union Or Eurasian Economic Union." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01668.
Full textAbstract:
With a long and complicated history with Turkey's EU relations began in 1963 with Ankara Agreement. Turkey has been engaged the full membership since 2005 but nevertheless it could not have achieved results during the negotiations. Behind the slow pace of Turkey's membership, many political and cultural barriers can be shown. The events showed that reveals Turkey cannot be an EU member as soon as possible. This case may cause the Turkey have different pursuits in the political world arena. Turkey moved away from the EU, it can be motivated to participate in different political and economic union at the same time. Because, the world is constantly changing in terms of economic and political conditions and Turkey is hard to question the position in these new conditions. Founded in 2015 Eurasian Union has similar cultural and historical heritage alongside the geographical closely EAEU with Turkey. This common history may create opportunities for both sides. In this study, economic, social and political relations between Turkey and the EAEU countries are briefly discussed. Datas about this issue were gathered by Eurostat, europa.eu, wto.org and eurasiancommission.org etc. official data sources. The findings were compared with similar indicators between Turkey and the EU. So the EAEU is evaluated likely to be an alternative political and economic union to Turkey. Such a vision changes in Turkey will revise its economic and political stability of the region. This paper may contribute to further studies by providing a solid base.
 
Reports on the topic "Evaluation of economic–geographical position"
1
Cumberbatch, Janice, Fabian Hinds, Leonardo Corral, et al. The Impact of Coastal Infrastructure Improvements on Economic Growth: Evidence from Barbados. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011763.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the first rigorous impact evaluation of a shoreline stabilization program in Barbados and attempts to assess whether shoreline stabilization investments indeed have beneficial effects on medium-term economic growth in Small Island Developing States through stimulating tourism demand and real estate development. The analysis relies on a carefully designed geographic information systems (GIS) dataset, which comprises extensive panel data from Barbados' touristic West and South Coasts on key infrastructure, beach characteristics, and real estate activity, as well as remotely-sensed luminosity data as a proxy of economic growth. The synthetic control method is employed to construct a counterfactual from a combination of all control beach sites and subsequently estimate program impact on per capita luminosity as a proxy for GDP p.c.. Results indicate that even in the first three years after treatment, economic effects are positive and indicate a strong positive trend. This suggests that shoreline stabilization works may not only help preserve fragile ecological conditions, but further lead to sustainable growth in the local economy.
2
Schorung, Matthieu. A Geographical Contribution on Interurban Passenger Rail Transportation in the United States. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2212.
Full textAbstract:
Why does the rail infrastructure of the United States lag behind those of many other developed countries? Where is U.S. high-speed rail? This research approaches this in a dilemma by exploring Amtrak’s traditional rail services and high-speed rail projects in the nation to understand the workings of public rail transportation policies, what they contain, and how they are developed and pursued by the different stakeholders. This research utilizes case studies and a multiscale approach to analyze the territorialization of intercity rail transportation policies. The analysis demonstrates the emergence of a bottom-up approach to projects, notably apparent in the California HSR project and in the modernization of the Cascades corridor. Furthermore, this research concluded that, first, the development of uniform arguments and recommendations to encourage new rail policies emphasizes structuring effects and economic role of high-speed rail, congestion reduction, modal shift. Second, a tangible though uneven pro-rail position exists among public actors at all levels. Stakeholders prioritize improving and modernizing existing corridors for the launch of higher-speed services, and then on hybrid networks that combine different types of infrastructures. Although there are no publicly backed projects for new lines exclusively dedicated to high-speed rail, most of the high-speed corridors are in fact “higher-speed” corridors, some of which are intended to become high-speed at some time in the future.
3
Michelitsch, Roland, Anna Risi Vianna Crespo, Felipe Vargas, et al. Country Program Evaluation: Haiti 2011-2015. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010688.
Full textAbstract:
The country strategy with Haiti for the 2011-2015 period is the Inter-American Development Bank's (IDB) first post-earthquake strategy and coincides with the start of the mandate of the Ninth General Increase in the Resources of the IDB (IDB-9). The IDB-9 commitments for Haiti include debt forgiveness and expanding the IDB Grant Facility with a view to providing Haiti with US$200 million per year over a period of 10 years (2011-2020), subject to annual approval by the Governors. The IDB-9 commitments modified the Bank's relationship with Haiti by converting the Bank's entire portfolio to a grant portfolio. Adjustment to the IDB-9 requirements also included to create in the Vice Presidency for Countries (VPC) a Haiti Department (CDH), to ensure the efficient and effective management of the unprecedented amount of resources allocated by IDB-9 (document AB-2764) to the Haiti program. The Haiti Country Program Evaluation (CPE) for the 2011-2015 period covers the first five years of the IDB-9 mandate and the change in the Bank's strategic positioning in Haiti. The CPE is an opportunity to evaluate the Bank's post-earthquake actions with a view to identifying the main challenges that the Bank faces to position itself in the five remaining years of the IDB-9 mandate. The CPE is divided into five chapters. Chapter I analyzes the changes in the economic, political, and social context in which the country strategy was implemented, with particular emphasis on the structural limitations that affect Haiti's development. Chapter II analyzes the Bank's positioning, with an emphasis on the significance of the strategic commitment and the efficiency of implementation of the operational program. Chapter III focuses on an effectiveness analysis and an analysis of the main outcomes at a sector level. Chapter IV sets out the main conclusions and recommendations for the next strategy cycle. The CPE also includes sector annexes that describe the sectoral context in which the program was implemented and a detailed evaluation of IDB operations in each sector, as well as other annexes with additional information.
4
Bassi, Marina. What Do Latin Americans Think of the IDB? Inter-American Development Bank, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010869.
Full textAbstract:
Using the Latinobarómetro survey, this paper examines Latin Americans perceptions of the IDB, the World Bank and the IMF. The study analyzes how peoples knowledge and evaluation of these multilateral organizations are affected by the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, the country where they live, the financial position of the IDB in that country, macroeconomic conditions and interviewees political orientation and attitudes towards democracy and free markets. The results indicate both good and bad news for the IDB. Negatively, it is the least-known of the three international organizations; but positively, it is the best rated among those familiar with them. Demographic variables and socioeconomic levels are important determinants of who knows these organizations. In terms of grading, the demographic characteristics of the respondent seem to have no impact. Conversely, economic status, macroeconomic conditions (to some extent), and the political orientation of the respondent are significant determinants of peoples evaluation.
5
Russo, Margherita, Fabrizio Alboni, Jorge Carreto Sanginés, et al. The Changing Shape of the World Automobile Industry: A Multilayer Network Analysis of International Trade in Components and Parts. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp173.
Full textAbstract:
In 2018, after 25 years of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States requested new rules which, among other requirements, increased the regional con-tent in the production of automotive components and parts traded between the three part-ner countries, United States, Canada and Mexico. Signed by all three countries, the new trade agreement, USMCA, is to go into force in 2022. Nonetheless, after the 2020 Presi-dential election, the new treaty's future is under discussion, and its impact on the automo-tive industry is not entirely defined. Another significant shift in this industry – the acceler-ated rise of electric vehicles – also occurred in 2020: while the COVID-19 pandemic largely halted most plants in the automotive value chain all over the world, at the reopen-ing, the tide is now running against internal combustion engine vehicles, at least in the an-nouncements and in some large investments planned in Europe, Asia and the US. The definition of the pre-pandemic situation is a very helpful starting point for the analysis of the possible repercussions of the technological and geo-political transition, which has been accelerated by the epidemic, on geographical clusters and sectorial special-isations of the main regions and countries. This paper analyses the trade networks emerg-ing in the past 25 years in a new analytical framework. In the economic literature on inter-national trade, the study of the automotive global value chains has been addressed by us-ing network analysis, focusing on the centrality of geographical regions and countries while largely overlooking the contribution of countries' bilateral trading in components and parts as structuring forces of the subnetwork of countries and their specific position in the overall trade network. The paper focuses on such subnetworks as meso-level structures emerging in trade network over the last 25 years. Using the Infomap multilayer clustering algorithm, we are able to identify clusters of countries and their specific trades in the automotive internation-al trade network and to highlight the relative importance of each cluster, the interconnec-tions between them, and the contribution of countries and of components and parts in the clusters. We draw the data from the UN Comtrade database of directed export and import flows of 30 automotive components and parts among 42 countries (accounting for 98% of world trade flows of those items). The paper highlights the changes that occurred over 25 years in the geography of the trade relations, with particular with regard to denser and more hierarchical network gener-ated by Germany’s trade relations within EU countries and by the US preferential trade agreements with Canada and Mexico, and the upsurge of China. With a similar overall va-riety of traded components and parts within the main clusters (dominated respectively by Germany, US and Japan-China), the Infomap multilayer analysis singles out which com-ponents and parts determined the relative positions of countries in the various clusters and the changes over time in the relative positions of countries and their specialisations in mul-tilateral trades. Connections between clusters increase over time, while the relative im-portance of the main clusters and of some individual countries change significantly. The focus on US and Mexico and on Germany and Central Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) will drive the comparative analysis.
6
Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, Erik Fridell, Jaakko Kukkonen, et al. Environmental impacts of exhaust gas cleaning systems in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea area. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361898.
Full textAbstract:
Description: Shipping is responsible for a range of different pressures affecting air quality, climate, and the marine environment. Most social and economic analyses of shipping have focused on air pollution assessment and how shipping may impact climate change and human health. This risks that policies may be biased towards air pollution and climate change, whilst impacts on the marine environment are not as well known. One example is the sulfur regulation introduced in January 2020, which requires shipowners to use a compliant fuel with a sulfur content of 0.5% (0.1% in SECA regions) or use alternative compliance options (Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems, EGCS) that are effective in reducing sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions to the atmosphere. The EGCS cleaning process results in large volumes of discharged water that includes a wide range of contaminants. Although regulations target SOx removal, other pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals and combustion particles are removed from the exhaust to the wash water and subsequently discharged to the marine environment. Based on dilution series of the Whole Effluent Testing (WET), the impact of the EGCS effluent on marine invertebrate species and on phytoplankton was found to vary between taxonomic groups, and between different stages of the invertebrate life cycle. Invertebrates were more affected than phytoplankton, and the most sensitive endpoint detected in the present project was the fertilisation of sea urchin eggs, which were negatively affected at a sample dilution of 1 : 1,000,000. Dilutions of 1: 100,000 were harmful to early development of several of the tested species, including mussels, polychaetes, and crustaceans. The observed effects at these low concentrations of EGCS effluent were reduced egg production, and deformations and abnormal development of the larvae of the species. The ecotoxicological data produced in the EMERGE project were used to derive Predicted No Effect Concentration values. Corresponding modelling studies revealed that the EGCS effluent can be considered as a single entity for 2-10 days from the time of discharge, depending on the environmental conditions like sea currents, winds, and temperature. Area 10-30 km outside the shipping lanes will be prone to contaminant concentrations corresponding to 1 : 1,000,000 dilution which was deemed harmful for most sensitive endpoints of WET experiments. Studies for the Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea) revealed that the EGCS effluent dilution rate exceeded the 1 : 1,000,000 ratio 70% of the time at a distance of about 10 km from the port. This was also observed for 15% of the time within a band of 10 km wide along the shipping lane extending 500 km away from the port of Piraeus. When mortality of adult specimens of one of the species (copepod Acartia tonsa) was used as an endpoint it was found to be 3-4 orders of magnitude less sensitive to EGCS effluent than early life stage endpoints like fertilisation of eggs and larval development. Mortality of Acartia tonsa is commonly used in standard protocols for ecotoxicological studies, but our data hence shows that it seriously underestimates the ecologically relevant toxicity of the effluent. The same is true for two other commonly used and recommended endpoints, phytoplankton growth and inhibition of bioluminescence in marine bacteria. Significant toxic effects were reached only after addition of 20-40% effluent. A marine environmental risk assessment was performed for the Öresund region for baseline year 2018, where Predicted Environmental Concentrations (PECs) of open loop effluent discharge water were compared to the PNEC value. The results showed modelled concentrations of open loop effluent in large areas to be two to three orders of magnitude higher than the derived PNEC value, yielding a Risk Characterisation Ratio of 500-5000, which indicates significant environmental risk. Further, it should be noted that between 2018-2022 the number of EGCS vessels more than quadrupled in the area from 178 to 781. In this work, the EGCS discharges of the fleet in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, the English Channel, and the Mediterranean Sea area were studied in detail. The assessments of impacts described in this document were performed using a baseline year 2018 and future scenarios. These were made for the year 2050, based on different projections of transport volumes, also considering the fuel efficiency requirements and ship size developments. From the eight scenarios developed, two extremes were chosen for impact studies which illustrate the differences between a very high EGCS usage and a future without the need for EGCS while still compliant to IMO initial GHG strategy. The scenario without EGCS leads to 50% reduction of GHG emissions using low sulfur fuels, LNG, and methanol. For the high EGCS adoption scenario in 2050, about a third of the fleet sailing the studied sea areas would use EGCS and effluent discharge volumes would be increased tenfold for the Baltic Sea and hundredfold for the Mediterranean Sea when compared to 2018 baseline discharges. Some of the tested species, mainly the copepods, have a central position in pelagic food webs as they feed on phytoplankton and are themselves the main staple food for most fish larvae and for some species of adult fish, e.g., herring. The direct effect of the EGSE on invertebrates will therefore have an important indirect effect on the fish feeding on them. Effects are greatest in and near shipping lanes. Many important shipping lanes run close to shore and archipelago areas, and this also puts the sensitive shallow water coastal ecosystems at risk. It should be noted that no studies on sub-lethal effects of early 19 life stages in fish were included in the EMERGE project, nor are there any available data on this in the scientific literature. The direct toxic effects on fish at the expected concentrations of EGCS effluent are therefore largely unknown. According to the regional modelling studies, some of the contaminants will end up in sediments along the coastlines and archipelagos. The documentation of the complex chemical composition of EGCS effluent is in sharp contrast to the present legislation on threshold levels for content in EGCS effluent discharged from ships, which includes but a few PAHs, pH, and turbidity. Traditional assessments of PAHs in environmental and marine samples focus only on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) list of 16 priority PAHs, which includes only parent PAHs. Considering the complex PAHs assemblages and the importance of other related compounds, it is important to extend the EPA list to include alkyl-PAHs to obtain a representative monitoring of EGCS effluent and to assess the impact of its discharges into the marine environment. An economic evaluation of the installation and operational costs of EGCS was conducted noting the historical fuel price differences of high and low sulfur fuels. Equipment types, installation dates and annual fuel consumption from global simulations indicated that 51% of the global EGCS fleet had already reached break-even by the end of 2022, resulting in a summarised profit of 4.7 billion €2019. Within five years after the initial installation, more than 95% of the ships with open loop EGCS reach break-even. The pollutant loads from shipping come both through atmospheric deposition and direct discharges. This underlines the need of minimising the release of contaminants by using fuels which reduce the air emissions of harmful components without creating new pollution loads through discharges. Continued use of EGCS and high sulfur fossil fuels will delay the transition to more sustainable options. The investments made on EGCS enable ships to continue using fossil fuels instead of transitioning away from them as soon as possible as agreed in the 2023 Dubai Climate Change conference. Continued carriage of residual fuels also increases the risk of dire environmental consequences whenever accidental releases of oil to the sea occur.