Academic literature on the topic 'Evaluation of Islamic insurance sector'
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Journal articles on the topic "Evaluation of Islamic insurance sector"
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Bastani, Peivand, Ali Tahernezhad, and Seyyed Mostafa Hakimzadeh. "Forty years review of upstream documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran's health sector on strategic purchasing of advanced-expensive medical equipment." International Journal of Health Governance 25, no. 2 (May 6, 2020): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-12-2019-0077.
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PurposeAccording to the importance of strategic purchasing as an effective tool for resource allocation and service procurement, this study examines national laws, regulations and other related documents related to the strategic purchasing of health services related to the advanced medical equipment in Iran.Design/methodolgy/approachIt was a national qualitative document analysis conducted in 2019 applying content analysis approach. The four-step Scott method was used to include the documents in terms of authenticity, credibility, representation and meaningfulness. After retrieving the related documents, they were coded with the implicit and explicit approach. MAXQDA10 was used for content analysis.FindingsThe findings show that according to the framework of effective factors on the strategic purchasing of health services, seven main factors are determined as the main essential factors in purchasing advanced medical equipment. These factors consist of health care providers, health service buyers, purchaser and service provider contracts, payment mechanisms, organization and management evaluation of health technology including expensive medical equipment and technology-related.Research limitation/implicationThe study had some limitations as follows: the proposed method should be tested and its feasibility has to be investigated through appropriate tools for Iranian insurance companies and those with the similar settings.Practical implicationThe results of this study can shed more light for policy makers affiliated in Ministry of Health as the main service provider, Ministry of Welfare and the insurance agencies as the main purchasers of health services on paying attention to these seven main themes extracted from the upstream documents and laws and regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran.Social implicationThe strategic purchasing of expensive high technology-based medical equipment is a necessity for Iranian public health insurance organizations that is emphasized in national documents in the way of implementing this necessity.Originality/valueThis study examines all the laws and regulations and all related documents in the strategic purchasing of health services related to advanced medical equipment, giving an analysis of the most important challenges and requirements of implementing strategic purchasing in the health services provision sector with expensive medical equipment.
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Suyatna, Nano. "The Effect of Stimulus Policies and Risk-Based Capital Levels on Solvency at PT. Indonesian Takaful using Sharia Principles during the Majeur Force Period (Covid-19 Pandemic) in Indonesia." International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development 2, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v2i1.114.
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The Covid -19 pandemic is a massive disaster, impacting various sectors of the economy including the Islamic principle insurance sector. The government through the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in dealing with these problems has issued a stimulus policy so that the Islamic principle insurance sector is still able to maintain the level of solvency and risk based capital is maintained. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the Stimulus Policy and the level of Risk Based Capital on the level of solvency of sharia-based insurance companies during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The method used is descriptive method with a simple statistical approach. The results show: 1. There is a positive influence of the Stimulus Policy on the Solvency Level of the Islamic principle insurance company sector, 2. There is a positive influence on the Level of Risk Based Capital on the Solvency Level of the Islamic Principle Insurance Company sector, 3. There is an influence of the Stimulus Policy and Level of Risk Based Capital on Simultaneous level of solvency in Islamic principle insurance companies. From the research results, it can be concluded that the Stimulus Policy and Risk Based Capital Level that has been set by the regulator is right on target.
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Haroon, Maha, and Danish Ahmed Siddiqui. "Determinants of Allocative, Cost and Scope Efficiencies: A Comparative Analysis of Banks and Insurance Companies in Pakistan." Business Management and Strategy 10, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v10i2.15903.
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The purpose of this research paper is to empirically investigates determinants of allocative, cost and scope efficiencies as well as impact of financial crisis and stock market performance on efficiencies. Pakistan’s banks and insurance companies’ sector were taken for the purpose of comparative analysis. For this objective both Islamic/takaful and conventional sectors were occupied. Twelve years data (2007-2018) of PSX’s banking and insurance sector was taken. Two stage non-parametric efficiency analysis was done, in the first stage, estimation for efficiency scores we used DEA for both sectors. In second phase, efficiency scores are regressed on the selected determinants by Tobit Regression. For measuring stock market performance CASR is calculated. Inadequate efficiency in insurance sector is evidenced against banking sector. Efficiency of takaful firms as new entrants of the market was not good comparatively to conventional insurance firms. Islamic and conventional banks are operated at almost same efficiency level. Performance of stock market has inverse and both (significant and insignificant) relationship with efficiency, means different events and fundamentals don’t affect the performance of sectors that is why efficiencies are not hit by this way. As well as determinants have different relationship with allocative, cost and scope efficiencies scores.
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Olorogun, Lukman Ayinde. "Translating the Takaful Islamic Insurance: An Analytical Approach." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 3, no. 3 (April 30, 2014): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v3i3.3267.
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In the last decades, Muslim societies have experienced multiple processes of modernization, as an example, in the area of finance. This marked among other things, the rise of Islamic finance particularly Islamic insurance (takaful). As a consequence, the number of Muslim literates in finance has increased tremendously as well as the number of texts, concerning Islamic legal rulings on Islamic financial transactions which involve Islamic insurance engaged in these finances. At the same time, the Islamic insurance has been channeled to compete or totally eradicate conventional insurance in the new Muslim financial markets or at least in the Islamic countries, and these has triggered disputes among the scholars as to the viability and originality of the Islamic insurance. The disputes over the originality and viability of Islamic insurance to replace conventional insurance might contribute to the emergence, in the Muslim countries, of a tradition of scholarly debates that would stress re-evaluation and innovation of the existing body of knowledge.
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Zainul Anwar, Aan, Edi Susilo, Fatchur Rohman, Purbayu Budi Santosa, and Edy Yusuf Agung Gunanto. "Integrated financing model in Islamic microfinance institutions for agriculture and fisheries sector." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(4).2019.26.
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The uniqueness of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the agriculture and fisheries sector has led to thoughts of innovation in the microfinance institutions (MFIs) that serve it. Service innovations in the agriculture and fisheries sector have been carried out in various countries to facilitate the development of this sector. This study aims to analyze the financing model of Islamic microfinance institutions (Islamic MFIs) based on the characteristics of the agriculture and fisheries sectors and the reconstruction of Salam contracts of Islamic financial institutions for farmers and fishermen. The research method used is qualitative descriptive analysis. The data were obtained through in-depth interviews with the agriculture and fisheries businesses in Central Java, Indonesia. The result showed that Salam contract constructed according to the characteristics of the fishing community to alleviate it from the shackles of moneylenders and wholesalers, including Islamic MFIs, farmers, and fishers as members of Islamic MFIs, buyers, Islamic banks and Islamic insurance. The output of this research is that farmers and fishermen can form a community to help one another with financial needs and are managed by Islamic MFIs that work in synergy with fisheries and agriculture companies, as well as an integrated Salam contract application system for Islamic MFIs.
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Muhamat, Amirul Afif, Mohamad Nizam Jaafar, and Sharifah Faigah Syed Alwi. "General Takaful claims: An experience of Takaful operator in Malaysia." Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v5i4.8833.
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Takaful is interchangeably referred as Islamic insurance. In Malaysia, the takaful sector is part of the main components for Islamic finance industry. The business can be divided into two: general and family takaful. To ease understanding on this niche sector; general takaful is comparable to general insurance while family takaful is akin to life insurance with special reference needs to be given on the requirement of the business to adhere to the Islamic precepts. The main business in general takaful is motor takaful and this line of business is faced with high takaful claims. This study appraised the factors which affect the general takaful claims based on the experience of one takaful operator in Malaysia (the name of takaful operator is not disclosed due to confidentiality). The factors are: number of claims; fraud; and coverage for protection. The limitation of this study is that the observation period is only 10 years which limits rigorous analysis to be done. Nevertheless, previous studies in this area depict the same limitation – constraint in gathering data that has long observation period. On the bright side, the data in this study is still capable to produce meaningful results to be referred with regards to this issue – general takaful claims.
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Suzuki, Yasushi, and S. M. Sohrab Uddin. "Recent trends in Islamic banks’ lending modes in Bangladesh: an evaluation." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 7, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-07-2013-0026.
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Purpose – This paper aims to assess recent trends in lending modes and to address the reasons for and consequences of changes in Bangladesh’s Islamic banking sector. Design/methodology/approach – Theoretical discourse is used to generate an underpinning for the issues covered by the study. In addition, empirical evidence from the banking sector, including the information derived from interviews with the staff of three Islamic banks, is presented to achieve the research objectives. Findings – The findings clearly demonstrate that the Islamic banking sector has experienced a paradigm shift from participatory financing to asset-based financing. In particular, the murabaha mode of financing dominates the current lending structure, which follows the general trend of the global Islamic banking sector. Research limitations/implications – It is necessary to concentrate on the potential negative outcomes of the trade-based murabaha mode of financing in a developing country such as Bangladesh, as banks have less incentive under protective rent (profit) opportunities to train the experts to screen and monitor projects in other socially desirable sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing including the small and medium enterprises. Originality/value – Despite substantial growth of the Islamic banking sector, less research has been conducted to shed analytical light on the operations of Islamic banks from the perspective of loan disbursement to identify the disparities, if any, in between theory and practice in countries where both Islamic and conventional banks operate simultaneously. Using country-specific evidence, this study contributes to the debate by highlighting the paradigm shift of Islamic banks from participatory financing to the dominance of asset-based murabaha and other modes of lending, by identifying the fundamental causes that contribute to such a shift and by highlighting the consequences of such changes.
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Chandra Das, Bijoy, and Soma Rani Sutradhar. "The Evaluation of the Performance of Eastland Insurance Company Limited a Study of Bangladesh." Journal Of International Business Research And Marketing 1, no. 2 (2015): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.12.3004.
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This research is conducted on Eastland Insurance Company Limited. It is accomplished on the “The Evaluation of the policies and performance of Eastland Insurance Company Limited”. This study also includes the information on the overview of Eastland Insurance Company Limited, theoretical analysis of insurance and legal framework of insurance industry Bangladesh on. This research is prepared primarily to have clear and real life ideas about the position of Eastland Insurance Company in insurance sector of Bangladesh. The research focuses on the major challenges of insurance industry in Bangladesh that obstruct smooth development of Bangladesh. This study conveys the message that if the insurance companies are operated very smoothly, the insurance sector will flourish very fast way.
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MOZGOVYI, Oleg, Oleksii SUBOCHEV, and Oksana YURKEVYCH. "ISLAMIC FINANCE DOCTRINE: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION." Economy of Ukraine 2018, no. 1 (January 3, 2018): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.01.071.
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The article identifies basic models of Islamic finance industry and provides a critical assessment (compared to conventional finance) оf mechanism of their functioning. Despite having obvious positive aspects, such as limitation of speculative or risky securitization, focusing on financing the real sector of economy and encouraging the direct interrelationship between financial and productive sectors, in our view, the mechanism of Islamic economics in some ways is at variance with a number of fundamental principles of effective economic activity. Objective factors (demographic, political, economic) cause an increase of role and influence of the industry over regional financial markets and international finance and determine the relevance of further research in this area. Today, Islamic finance comprises such commercial areas as capital markets, asset management and insurance. They represent all segments of modern financial market – commercial banking, operations with equity and venture capital, trade financing, insurance and even financial hedging. Only a small share of Muslims’ financial relations is provided in accordance with Islamic law. Under conditions of introducing the convenient, liquid and standardized financial instruments and further improvement of regulation for financial markets, redistribution of resources in favor of Islamic financial markets, as well as rapid growth of their share in international finance are expected.
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Ali, Mohammad Mahbubi. "Takaful Models: Their Evolution and Future Direction." ICR Journal 7, no. 4 (October 15, 2016): 457–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v7i4.229.
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Takaful (Islamic insurance), being an important emerging sector in the Islamic financial industry, has exhibited remarkable growth across the globe over the last few decades. This indicates an enormous demand for takaful products, from short-term general takaful to long-term family takaful. As a result, takaful has attracted sizable attention from both Muslim and non-Muslim countries. Nevertheless, the industry continues to experience a plethora of contentious issues in its operational models. The present study explores the evolution of takaful models and their future direction.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Evaluation of Islamic insurance sector"
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Alhumoudi, Yuosef. "Islamic insurance Takaful and its applications in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7449.
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Takaful is an Arabic term meaning solidarity, which is used to describe a system of Islamic insurance that functions as an alternative to conventional insurance. Takaful, as a form of insurance, is entering a fast growing global market, promoted by the growth of the Asian economies and economic prosperity in the Middle East. The Takaful system is based on the principle of cooperation or mutual assistance, and is Tabarru (Voluntary), meaning that the attendant risks are spread collectively across the group of volunteers. The Takaful system is best understood as a pact (or policy) ascribed to by a group of participants who choose to jointly guarantee themselves against loss or damage suffered by individual signatories, as confirmed in the policy. The prediction is that Takaful will be the default choice for citizens in Islamic countries in the near future. The combination of the system’s financial efficacy, combined with principles underwritten by religious correctness has accentuated the attractiveness of this, and similar, Islamic banking and financial products to Muslims. By examining the Saudi insurance sector, which is a market leader in the region, this thesis delivers a brief history of insurance in general and of the Saudi insurance legal framework in particular, and by so doing sheds light on Islamic insurance Takaful applications worldwide. It also engages in an evaluation of insurance products available in Saudi Arabia to determine whether the facilities offered by the insurance companies operating in the country incorporate obstacles and obstructions, which may impact on the effectiveness of governmental regulations and supervision in relation to setting a legislative framework. This influences the extent to which the foundations for the insurance market are secured in Saudi Arabia. The aim of the present study also leads to some suggestions and recommendations for future practice.
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Danso, Collins Akuamoah. "Critical evaluation of the role of community based health insurance schemes in extending health care coverage to the informal sector in Ghana." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9343.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-92).One major challenge facing the international development community is how to finance and provide health care for the large informal sector in low and middle income countries. This is as a result of the inability of the traditional tax systems in most of these countries to generate the needed revenue to help meet the health needs of the citizens. In recent times, many countries in developing countries are increasingly depending on Community Based Insurance Schemes (CBHIS) as an alternative health care financing mechanism. In Ghana. the universal tax funded system of health care introduced in 1957 soon alter independence could not be sustained because of economic recession in the 1970's and 1980's forcing the government to introduce user fees in all public health institutions. User fees resulted in a decline in utilization of health services especially the poor and vulnerable group. This situation forced many communities to set up CBHIS meant to cover user fees charged at the health facilities. The success of some of these schemes and the fact that many Ghanaians do not have insurance cover led the government to introduce a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) which is mandatory for all citizens. The law mandates all formal sector workers to contribute part of their social security contribution to the National Health Insurance Fund as premium, thus making it compulsory for them. Those in the informal sector are however required to voluntarily pay directly into their district schemes. Also, even though a proposal has been made to exempt the poor, no mechanism has been determined to identify poor households for subsidy. This study sought to undertake a critical evaluation of the role of CBHIS under the NHIS in extending health care coverage to the large informal sector (who are about 70% of the active labour force) in Ghana. Specifically, the study sought to determine factors that affect enrolment, to determine a practical mechanism to identify the poor and to gain an understanding of how other countries have increased health insurance coverage.
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Valentine, Nicole Britt. "An evaluation of expenditure in the private health care sector and its reporting in the national accounts of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17539.
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Bibliography: pages 94-102.There is currently much work underway internationally to improve the accuracy and to refine the detail of accounting for health care expenditures. This research was initiated by the increasing activity in the field of national health accounting, as well as by previous research indicating that the Reserve Bank might be underestimating private health care expenditure in the national accounts. The Reserve Bank estimate of health care expenditure is important as it is the only complete and regularly produced estimate of private sector health care expenditure for South Africa. It was posited that an independent estimation of private health care expenditure would show that its magnitude is underestimated in the expenditure estimates published by the Reserve Bank for the national accounts. This thesis was upheld by the results of the research. The thesis estimate of private health care expenditure was R15 billion, 39% higher than the Reserve Bank estimate available at the time. It was also 21% higher than the final Reserve Bank estimate published in December 1995. The methodology used to derive the thesis estimate involved a survey of national income accounting concepts and guidelines embodied in the internationally used publication, the 1993 System of National Accounts. Primary data was collected from a wide range of institutions in the South African health sector. Secondary data sources were also consulted in several instances. In particular, the Registrar of Medical Schemes was consulted for medical scheme expenditure estimates as they constitute the largest portion of private sector health care expenditure in South Africa. The thesis estimate was then calculated for a single year according to the 1993 System of National Accounts guidelines. The year chosen was the government financial year from April 1992 to March 1993. The year was chosen to coincide with the year chosen for a national health expenditure review. In the presentation of the results, the estimate was broken down in separate "sources" and "uses" matrices, which are being used internationally to present national health accounting information. From the comparison of the Reserve Bank and thesis expenditure estimates, one of the most important recommendations that emerged was that the Reserve Bank should consult a wider range of expenditure data sources, more timeously and regularly. In particular, it was suggested that the Reserve Bank should negotiate earlier access to the data held by the Registrar of Medical Schemes, as well as cross-check household survey data with independent estimates of out-of-pocket and statutory scheme health care expenditure. In addition to providing a new benchmark estimate for private sector health care expenditure in the government financial year 1992/93, the breakdown of the estimate into matrices provides a framework that could be used as the basis for the development of more detailed satellite national health accounts, in accordance with 1993 SNA standards.
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Janghede, Simon, and David Bradka. "Corporate Social Networks within the Financial Sector : A tool to enhance unity and knowledge sharing." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Avd.) (stängd 20130101), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-123810.
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This study has been conducted with Sirius International as a case company. The investigation has revolved around the weaknesses Sirius, along with the authors, have identified concerning the international collaboration and communication. It was later shown that these problems were based on a low sense of unity in the organization as a result of the lack of knowledge sharing, knowledge management, and spread of organization related information. It was decided to evaluate whether a corporate social network (CSN) could assist in these problems and if so, decide what system would be the most appropriate in regards to the internal needs and requirements at Sirius. The major challenges brought on with an implementation of a CSN, and how to face these, were investigated as a part of the evaluation whether a CSN would be appropriate for Sirius or not. The study showed that a CSN was an appropriate choice for Sirius in order to improve the international communication, collaboration, and unity. The most suitable choice was determined to be Yammer, as it best suited the internal requirements and needs. Along with these results, the largest challenge with an implementation and future use of the system was user acceptance and overall usage of the system. If the CSN is not used, none of the visions, goals, or purposes will be fulfilled.Denna studie har gjorts med Sirius International som case-företag. Undersökningen har kretsat kring svagheterna som Sirius, tillsammans med författarna har identifierat kring det internationella samarbetet och kommunikationen. Det visade sig senare att dessa problem var grundade i en låg känsla av samhörighet i organisationen och att detta var ett resultat av den låga nivån av kunskapsspridning, kunskapshantering och spridning av organisationsrelaterad information. Beslutet togs att undersöka huruvida ett företags-baserat socialt nätverk kunde hjälpa vid dessa problem och, om fallet var sådant, komma fram till vilket socialt nätverk som skulle vara mest lämpat vid avseende på de interna behoven och kraven från Sirius. Vid undersökningen om huruvida ett socialt nätverk var lämpligt för Sirius gjordes också en undersökning för att identifiera de största utmaningarna med en implementation av ett socialt nätverk och hur dessa skall bemötas och övervinnas. Studien visade att ett företagsbaserat socialt nätverk var ett lämpligt val för att överkomma problemen i Sirius och förbättra den internationella kommunikationen, samarbetet och samhörigheten. Det lämpligaste sociala nätverket för Sirius blev Yammer som bäst täckte de interna behoven och kraven hos Sirius. Tillsammans med dessa resultat visade undersökningen att den största utmaningen med en implementation och framtida nyttjande av systemet var användaracceptans och generell användning av systemet. Om ett socialt nätverk inte används så kan inga av visionerna, målen eller syftena med systemet infrias.
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Molebatsi, Pule David. "An evaluation of the feasibility of the national health insurance system in South Africa / Pule David Molebatsi." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15427.
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According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) the goal of universal health coverage is to ensure that all people obtain the necessary health services without being financial limped because of the payable fees. This requires: - A strong, efficient, well-run health system; - A system for financing health services; - Access to essential medicines and technologies; and - A sufficient capacity of well-trained, motivated health workers.
In an effort to compliment the abovementioned, the South African government proposed the National Health Insurance System (NHIS) to address the health inequality and to improve access to quality healthcare for its citizens. The National Department of Health (NDOH) has already consulted with several stakeholders since the launch of the NHI Green Paper in August 2011. Already 11 National Health Insurance (NHI) pilot sites have been established in the nine South African provinces to assess the feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness and affordability to engage the private healthcare sector.
This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the NHI in South Africa as well as the way in which it could be implemented to be more acceptable to all stakeholders involved. A qualitative research approach was followed due to the nature of the study. Furthermore, an exploratory methodology was applied in order to generate hypotheses. The research design for this study included a literature review, participatory data collection, semi-structured interviews and data analysis. The study found that there is a need for NHI in South Africa. However, medical practitioners (also referred to as general practitioners or GPs further in the study) feel uncertain about the implementation progress which is unclear to them. Also evident is the, fear for loss of income should the NHI be implemented and thus the remuneration package remained a main concern for all.MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Sosznianin, Tatiana. "From ideal into practice : an illuminative evaluation of a learnership in the insurance and investment sector." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11318.
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This study explores what happens as the ideals of a learnership, envisioned in the South African legislation, become real practice in a workplace within the financial services industry. Learnerships are at the centre stage for illuminating the processes of acquiring a vocational qualification, which combines education with work readiness.
The constructivist philosophy to this research and its qualitative paradigm resonates well with the postmodernist thinking that knowledge has different purposes strongly linked to performance, demanding education that is value adding. It is through this postmodern lens that the broad theoretical framework for study is located. It encompasses theories of learning and workplace learning, such as Wenger’s (1998) perspectives on communities of practice and Kolb’s (1984) experiential learning circle.
Mezirow’s (1981) transformative learning theory adds the dimension of dialogue.
The method of illuminative evaluation is used to examine one event in order to explore its contextual insights. Qualitative inquiry has a fundamental people orientation and, for this reason, observation adds depth to the information gathering possibilities of interviews and document analysis. This report is enriched by narratives of people’s perspectives on events.
This illuminative evaluation brought out rich and varied insights into the acquisition of knowledge, skills and work identity (values and attitudes), with some surprising and unexpected insights on success and failures. The workplace’s control of the learning process, while impacting extremely positively on the quality of the theoretical learning (which is interesting as education is not its core purpose), compromised in some respects the success of the end product of the learnership, the work readiness and employment possibilities of learners.
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Morgan, Steven George. "Pharmaceutical sector price and productivity measurement : exploring the role of agency, incentives and information." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10830.
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This thesis explores how decision-making agency roles played by
doctors, pharmacists and government affect the social efficiency of
choices in the prescription drug market. The primary objective is to
contribute to the quality of expenditure decompositions in this sector
and, thereby, to draw attention to the real cost of drug consumption in
Canada. Expenditure growth in the pharmaceutical sector may occur
because Canadians are purchasing more drugs or more in terms of the
health outcomes sought through drug consumption. Prices may also
be rising for the drugs that patients consume. Furthermore, with new
generations of prescription drugs replacing older and often equally
effective ones, expenditure inflation may be due, at least in part, to
growing inefficiencies in consumption. Deflating nominal
expenditures with traditional economic price indexes is a commonly
used approach to decomposing expenditure changes into changes in
price, changes in productivity or both. This method may be biased
because decision-making agency relationships and non-standard
financial incentives give rise to possible inefficiencies in the
pharmaceutical sector that would not commonly be found in other
sectors. This proposition is explored theoretically and empirically.
Potential biases stemming from financial incentives are explored in
the context of the measurement problem posed by the entry of generic
drugs. Traditional techniques of the economic approach to
measurement do not capture the full effect of generic competition
because decision-making agents do not always have incentive to
consider the full price of drugs consumed. Potential information-related
problems in pharmaceutical price and productivity
measurement are explored within the context of the hypertension
market. Health outcomes based indexes are constructed for this
treatment category based on recognized national guidelines for the
treatment of hypertension. Economic indexes of price and
productivity appear to overstate social productivity in this segment
because persistent non-compliance with national guidelines has
resulted in higher costs without corresponding health improvements.
Books on the topic "Evaluation of Islamic insurance sector"
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New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. Legislative Oversight Committee. Committee meeting of Senate Legislative Oversight Committee: Testimony concerning New Jersey's efforts to promote a healthy business environment, particularly with respect to assisting the manufacturing sector of the state's economy : Committee Room 1, State House Annex, Trenton, New Jersey, March 14, 2005, 10:00 a.m. Trenton, NJ: Office of Legislative Services, Public Information Office, Hearing Unit, 2005.
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B, Steele James, ed. Critical condition: How health care in America became big business--and bad medicine. New York: Doubleday, 2004.
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Barlett, Donald L. Critical condition: How health care in America became big business-- and bad medicine. New York: Random House Large Print, 2004.
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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Labor Committee. Public hearing before Assembly Labor Committee: Assembly bill no. 3181 (clarifies the law respect to the kinds of matters which are proper subjects for negotiations in public sector employment) : December 6, 1990, room 368, State House Annex, Trenton, New Jersey. Trenton, N.J: The Committee, 1990.
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Scanlon, William. Medicare: Private-sector and federal efforts to assess health care quality : statement of William J. Scanlon, Director, Health Financing and Systems Issues, Health, Education, and Human Services Division, before the Older Americans Caucus, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.
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Office, General Accounting. U.S.-Japan trade: Evaluation of the Market-Oriented Sector-Selective talks : report to the Honorable Lloyd M. Bentsen, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.
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Office, General Accounting. U.S.-Japan trade: Evaluation of the Market-Oriented Sector-Selective talks : report to the Honorable Lloyd M. Bentsen, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.
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Office, General Accounting. U.S.-Japan trade: Evaluation of the Market-Oriented Sector-Selective talks : report to the Honorable Lloyd M. Bentsen, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.
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Office, General Accounting. U.S.-Japan trade: Evaluation of the Market-Oriented Sector-Selective talks : report to the Honorable Lloyd M. Bentsen, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.
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Office, General Accounting. U.S.-Japan trade: Evaluation of the Market-Oriented Sector-Selective talks : report to the Honorable Lloyd M. Bentsen, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Evaluation of Islamic insurance sector"
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"15. Villagers’ Evaluation of a Community-based Health Insurance Scheme in Thmar Pouk, Cambodia." In Improving Health Sector Performance, 365–84. ISEAS Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/9789814311854-019.
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Eldaia, Monther, Mustafa Bin Mohd Hanefah, Ainulashikin Binti Marzuki, and Saddam Shatnawi. "Takaful in Malaysia." In Handbook of Research on Theory and Practice of Global Islamic Finance, 681–702. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0218-1.ch035.
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Takaful is an Islamic insurance contract introduced to substitute the conventional insurance which has been precluded by nearly all Muslim scholars as it encompasses the components of gharar (uncertainty), maysir (gambling), and riba (usury). Its feasibility is evidenced after numerous Fatwas were issued by Fiqh academies and Ulama in its support. Takaful is founded on the basis of cooperation and mutual aid as it is broadly used in the commercial sector. The Takaful business operation is regulated by the codes of Shari'ah and by other laws. Many models such as the Wakalah model, Mudharabah model, and the amalgamation of Mudharabah and Wakalah models have been applied in the Takaful corporate operation. This chapter explicates the existing implications and future prospects of the Takaful industry in Malaysia. It offers a review on Takaful industry in Malaysia and emphasizes issues and challenges, opportunities, and recommendations.
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Sheng, Andrew. "Outlook for global development finance: excess or shortage?" In Did the Millennium Development Goals Work? Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447335702.003.0017.
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This chapter presents an outlook for global development finance and asks whether we have an excess or shortage of available resources for the implementation of the Post-2015 Development Agenda. It begins with a discussion of current and future sources of development finance, with a focus on both products and institutions, including long-term institutions capable of funding development. Future sources include foreign capital in the form of foreign direct investments (FDI), foreign portfolio investments and foreign aid, as well as the domestic sector. The chapter then reflects on the future of development finance, emphasising three paths: deepening capital markets in emerging market economies (EMEs); meeting the strategic objectives of institutional investors such as pension funds, insurance companies, sovereign wealth funds and Islamic finance; and innovating the financing of investment. The G20 development strategy, the impact of technology on development finance, and implementation issues on financing of climate change are also analysed.
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Canning, Christopher A., and Baoying Wang. "Trends in Information Security Regulation." In Handbook of Research on Computational Forensics, Digital Crime, and Investigation, 516–28. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-836-9.ch022.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter reviews regulations and laws that are currently affecting information assurance and security policy in both the public and private sectors. Regulations and laws in different areas and at different levels are considered. Important industry sector regulations are also included when they have a significant impact on information security, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Analysis of these regulations including evaluation of their effectiveness, enforceability, and acceptance is presented. Since the regulations in this field are in a state of continuous fluctuation, this chapter also attempts to make proposals for statutory improvements that would make security policy development more comprehensive and consistent, resulting in more secure systems throughout the world. It is also predicted that there will be a need for international information security regulations given the nature of the worldwide internet and cross-border information systems. Such developments will improve digital crime investigations worldwide.
Conference papers on the topic "Evaluation of Islamic insurance sector"
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Tsintsadze, Asie, Irina Vashakmadze, Irina Tavadze, and Lilit Meloyan-Phutkaradze. "Analysis of the Financial Market as a Driving Force of the Regional Economy in the Conditions of pre- and post – Pandemic." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.025.
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The pandemic has negatively affected the financial sector, as well as the real sector of the economy, both losses and credit risks in the financial market have increased on the background of the economic activity slowed-down. In 2019, the credit activity was high, however after the spread of the virus the activity slowed down significantly. This is natural, as due to the suspension of production –organizing, the unemployment has increased. Volume of the direct foreign investments has decreased by 42 %. Government of Georgia has developed an anti-crisis plan, important part of which is about the mitigation of deteriorated living conditions caused by the unemployment, whereas the National Bank of Georgia has pursued monetary and fiscal policies for the purpose of mitigation of negative influence of COVID-19 on the country’s financial sector and for the stimulation of the country's economy. In general, saving the business is considered as a priority. The current situation in the banking, insurance and stock markets and their role in the fight for maintaining the economic stability are analysed in the present article. It is important to note that, the insurance sector is the part of the economic, which did not need financial assistance in a difficult situation, but due to the common socio-economic situation, diseases caused by the stressful conditions of the population, it was necessary to make significant changes in the list of the insurance services. This, to the extent had led to some unforeseen costs, which had affected the financial conditions of the companies. According to the evaluation of the credit rating company -Fitch, the trustworthy policy implemented by the National Bank of Georgia, had played an important role in the maintenance of the financial stability and Georgian sovereign rating remained unchanged, at BB level, however, what parameters and in what area was the rating maintained and how the positions of the main players in the financial market have been changed, are the main directions of the article's research.
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Herselman, Marlien, and Matt Warren. "Cyber Crime Influencing Businesses in South Africa." In InSITE 2004: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2838.
Full textAbstract:
This study shows that cyber crime is a recent addition to the list of crimes that can adversely affect businesses directly or indirectly. This phenomenon was not directly prosecutable in South Africa until the enactment of the ECT Act in July 2002. However this Act also prevents businesses to fully prosecute a hacker due to incompleteness. Any kind of commercially related crime can be duplicated as cyber crime. Therefore very little research appears or has been documented about cyber crime in South African companies before 2003. The motivation to do this study was that businesses often loose millions in cyber attacks, not necessarily through direct theft but by the loss of service and damage to the image of the company. Most of the companies that were approached for interviews on cyber crime were reluctant to share the fact that they were hacked or that cyber crime occurred at their company as it violates their security policies and may expose their fragile security platforms. The purpose of this study was to attempt to get an overall view on how South African businesses are affected by cyber crime in the banking and short term insurance sector of the South African industry and also to determine what legislation exist in this country to protect them. The case study approach was used to determine the affect of cyber crime on businesses like banks and insurance companies and higher education institutions. Each case was interviewed, monitored and was observed over a period of a year. This study discloses the evaluation of the results of how cyber crime affected the cases, which were part of this study. The banks and higher education institutions felt that they were at an increased risk both externally and internally, which is likely to increase as the migration towards electronic commerce occurs. The insurance industry felt that they are not yet affected by external cyber crime attacks in this country.