Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Évangélisation – Amérique – 16e siècle'
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Matamoros, Ponce Fernando. "Religion et politique dans la pensée coloniale : prophétie et millénarisme dans la légitimation de la conquête : Colomb, Cortés, Sahagún et Mendieta." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0027.
Full textAntich, Patrick. "L'Enfer en Amérique : cosmologie et eschatologie dans l'évangélisation de la Nouvelle-Espagne, 16e-17e siècles." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20071.
Full textThe question of the afterlife is paramount to any religion of salvation such as Christianity. It is the cornerstone of any process of evangelisation. Revealing and presenting the words of Christ and their eschatological consequences to a pagan population needs a particular effort. This study analyses the importance given to this question and more specifically to the theme of Hell in the evangelisation and catechesis of New Spain's Nahuas during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It focuses on the degree of adaptation of this message to this particular population in keeping with the writers, the historical periods and the evolution of the Church appraisal of the quality of the Indians' conversion. The study of the ethnographic data, gathered by the evangelists, allows us to judge of the importance and relevance of the catechesis' adaptation in its eschatological dimension o the Nahua religious beliefs. More generally, this work lays the stress on the evolution of the presentation and use of the theme of Hell according to what the evangelists understood of the Natives' degree of comprehension, acceptance and respect of the Christian message
Valenzuela, Avaca Eduardo Javier. "Los Angeles Caidos en el Nuevo Mundo : Universalismo y demonologia en la conquista ontologica de los cultos americanos (siglo XVI)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0729.
Full textLess evident than the imposition of institutions, languages, or technologies, and less perceptible than the processes of substitution of epistemological models, the transformation of ontological pronciples is paradoxically invisible by the magnitude and, at the same time, simplicity of its predicament: of these parameters depends our way of decoding the world, identifying the existing ones and builfding our links with the nonhumans. This transformation of the ontologicalparameters of a culture is not only expressed passively in the form of a border coexistence, as anthropology has contributed to evidence. Some especially massive and dramatic transformations - such as the experience in this research or the establishment of modernity itself - have taken place in contexts of colonial expansion, and masked in the body of project based on a civilizing rheoric. In these cases, the adoption of new ontological parameters takes place in a context where the pre-existing realities are declared incompatible with the truths announced, and the fracture of the old schemas is induced through hermeneutical resources destined to the dissolution of the lacal schemas. In this research it is proposed a reinterpretation of the First Evangelization of America in the light of the missionary nature of Christianity and the consequences of this mandate; to develop a reflection on the resources and instruments used by evangelisers in their first contacts with American communities and, above all, to disclosure the hermeneutical potentials containbed in the Christian preaching against the idolatry
Régnier, Serge. "L'image de l'amérindien dans les relations de voyages en Nouvelle-France de Jacques Cartier à Joseph-François Lafitau : 1534-1724." Grenoble 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE29011.
Full textThe French colonial adventure in Northern America has sparked off travel literature rich in ethnographic information on the Amerindians of New-France at the historic time, and in information on cultural interaction phenomenon. However, the characters of these stories were also very concerned about adapting their speech to the imperatives of colonial ideology and they were convinced of the universality of the universality of the codes that should goven human societies. This conception of culture condemned the Amerindians to assimilation. They were described with more or less indulgence depending on whether they were stubbornly stuck to their socio-cultural and religious model, or they were receptive to the messages of faith and civilisation, or whether they were perceived as people with natural or even rational morality. However, in any case, they remained "savages", beings without culture. The westerners were not aware of the cultural diversity of the world. The very existence of Amerindians nonetheless contributed to shaking the theological and cosmographical certainties of the Europeans. Therefore, many travellers were looking for the confirmation of these preconceptions and they were conforming to already established patterns of knowledge while describing Amerindian societies. At the same time, the idea of an American golden age developed, giving rise to a criticism of the European society that subjects man to the divine. In fact, the ethnographic speech was an excuse for Europe to speak about itself. Therefore, travel stories hardly helped the advance of new scientific knowledge. They are, very often, at the origin of prejudices and behaviours that do not respect the otherness of the other
El, Alaoui Youssef. "Jésuites, Morisques et Indiens : Etude comparative des méthodes d'évangélisation de la Compagnie de Jésus d'après les traités de José de Acosta (1588) et d'Ignacio de las Casas (1605-1607)." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL301.
Full textStarting from the treaties of José de Acosta (De Procuranda Indorum Salute, 1588) and of the jesuit of moorish origin Ignado de Las Casas (De los Moriscos de Espana, 1605-1607, that we have transcribed and criticised), we have analysed two important aspects of the politic of evangelization and of assimilation of the moriscos in Spain (Grenada and Valence) and of American Indians (Quito and the amazonian region of the maynas) in the kingdom of quito : the apprenticeship of native languages (the Arabic, the Quechua and other Amerindian languages) and the education of children with a view to form auxiliaries of the evangelization. In order to situate the action of the Jesuits in the context of the policy of assimilation and of accumulation made by the crown and the church against those minorities, we have analysed comparatively certain aspects of this policy through the study of the decisions made in the various assemblies that took place in Spain about the Moriscos question, the legal system and the decisions made by the synods and the American councils, especially Synod of Guadix (1554) and Council of Lima III (1583). To add to our analysis, we have also used the testimony of several Jesuit missionaries from the region of Maynas (16th-18th century). The comparative analysis of the Jesuit methods of evangelization on those two populations has enabled us to find a strategy of the missionary and the approach of the other along the lines of the planetary expansion of christianism. Through the treaties of José de Acosta and of Ignacio de Las Casas, last Jesuit testimony on the Moriscos problem that we consider and the matching piece of the treaty of Acosta, De Procuranda, we have seen that the Society of Jesus was standing out from the other actors of the evangelization of those minorities by his humanist vision of the other and the respect of certain particularisms
De, Almeida Marcos Antonio. "« L'Orbe Serafico, Novo Brasilico » : Jaboatão et les franciscains à Pernambouc au XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0100.
Full textThe observation and the hypothesis that the Franciscans are at the origin of the creation of a « Franciscanized world » is at the heart of my thesis. The first iconographical signs of the idea are presented to us at the Franciscan convents at Olinda (1754) and, after that, at Salvador de Bahia (1766) and at João Pessoa (1766). But a Franciscan chronicle, l’Orbe Serafico, Novo Brasilico, by Fra Antônio de Santa Maria Jaboatão, published in Lisbon in 1761, has opened up for us a much wider horizon. After many years of research, study and reflection, we can state that, for the Franciscans of Brazil, it was a question of their vision of the country itself, but also, more broadly, of the Portuguese Empire and of the Franciscan evangelization of the whole world. This idea born in Rome (1587) passes through the Piedmont (1682), Portugal (1740) and arrives in Olinda (1754), the city where the first Franciscans landed in 1585 to establish the order there. My thesis studies the relationships between the Franciscans, Brazil, the society of Pernambouc and a future open towards multiple possibilities for finding its place in the Brazil of the 18th century
Candela, Guillaume. "Les fondements d'une société en marge - Ecritures et actions du clergé dans la conquête du Paraguay (1537-1580)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA149/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with a new problematic : the settlement of the clergy in a marginal society of conquest in America, the Paraguay of the 16th century. This study likes to increase knowledge about the Church's role in Colonial America, few books have been written about the subject. This dissertation will explore several hypothesis. First, Franciscans or Jesuits, the missions lean on a first experience : the conquest of the territory between 1537 and 1580. The action of the members of the clergy, who could have a certain liberty, must have prepared the arrival of the Jesuits. Asunción, which became in 1541 a city and the capital of the region houses also regular clerks. This clerical mix appears clearly in the documents and enables multiple visions of the colonial reality in the 16th century. The clergy is also analysed through its relationship with civil society and indigenous people. Through the study of a corpus of unpublished documents transcribed by us, we analyze the role and the influence of the Church in the first conquest phase of the territory managed from Asunción
Ngoma-Ngoma, Aymard-Cedric. "L'évangélisation de Panama : les fondements des missions jésuites dans la société coloniale (XVIe-XVIIe siècles)." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAL022/document.
Full textThis dissertation examines the establishment and the action of the jesuits in the city of Panama from 1578 to 1671. This chronology corresponds to the creaction of the first Jesuit house in this city, and to the destruction of this one by the English privateer Henry Morgan. On his way to Lima, where he was to set up the Compagny with a few companions, JéronimoRuiz del Portillo, chief of the expedition, arrived in Panama in 1568 as part of Indian Route. Immediately, he wrote to Francis de Borgia, general attendant, asking him to make this city a stable mission, and above all, the headquarters of the Peruvian Compagny. Faced with the refusal of Borgia and his successors, it was only in 1578 that two Jesuits settled there with the help of the bourgeois and the local authorities, after a mission in the mountains of Bayano against the maroons. Through the cross-examination of the sources of the Compagny and those of the monarchy, we have been able to define the type of domicile that the disciples of Ignatius of Loyola established in Panama first in this year 1578 and then in 1585. From this second date, they intermingled the urban and rural missions through wich it is possible to analyse the relations that they established with the local oligarchies, with the monarchy and with the leaders of the Order of Peru and of Rome. The study of these relations makes it possible to highlight the actions of the Jesuits in the Panamanian colonial society
Escobar, Quevedo Ricardo. "Inquisition et judaïsants en Amérique espagnole (1569-1649) : Carthagène des Indes au temps des réseaux." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0114.
Full textDespite the existence of many restrictive emigration laws, the influx of New Christians of Jewish origin to America was noticeable from the begining of the Conquest and acceleratted after the unification of the Iberian kingdoms in 1580. As in Spain and Portugal, and notwithstanding the surveillance of the Inquisition, a large number of these conversos continued to adhere to crypto-Jewish practices, a phenomenon known as Marranism. This thesis attempts to describe the ways in which American Marranos structured their societies and organised the familial, religious and commercial networks they maintained with Spain, Africa and the Jewish communities of Europe. Part one, centred on the acitivies of the Inquisition in America and the Iberian peninsula, follows the exodus of groups of Portufuese Marranos first to Seville and then to the New World, and examines the expansion of their commercial networks up to the offensive launched by the Inquisition between 1635 and 1649. The final chapter is devoted to the devlopment of religious practices. Part two focuses on the participation of these New Christians in the slave trade and the dominant role of the port of Cartagena de Indias as a reception and distribution centre for the American slave market
Roulet, Éric. "Indiens et pratiques indigènes en Nouvelle-Espagne au XVIè siècle impact et réalité de la "conquête spirituelle" 1521-1571." Reims, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REIML011.
Full textThe evangelization of the Indians in New Spain did not have the efficiency one used to think for the XVIth century. The spiritual conquest was moderate, because of the way it was done and definetely because of the men themselves, either clergymen or Indians. It was a hard task to fulfill and the native communauties presented a whole range of different religious situations. Clergymen could not always serve as a model for them. Some were brutal, violent and did not really care about ethics and Christian values. Others used to soften their religious requirements in order to please those who supported them, as the traditionnal elite, and in order to back their economical interests. Indians did have some freedom of action in the end. They knew how to preserve their religious practises when they had to face Christianism. And when they decided to convert themselves, they did not forget their economical, social and political interests
Renou, René. "Religion et société au Brésil au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100210.
Full textBrought from Portugal and controlled by the Portuguese royalty, the evangelization of Brazil was achieved by friars, assisted by a far from faultless clergy, gave birth to an original form of Christianity. But the religious practice, supported and perpetuated by brotherhoods, led to rituals which were a long way from orthodoxy, particularly among black and Indian peoples. At the dawn of the 19th, religious diversity emerged more and more in Brazil
Alvarez, Salvador. "La grande frontière asiatique du Nord de la Nouvelle-Espagne : l'expansion espagnole dans le Septentrion au XVIème siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0083.
Full textThe surrender and destruction of the Aztec capital and the conquest of rich American societies by the Castilian Crown are indeed major events but the Spaniards expected much more from their destiny in the New World. It is nethertheless a phenomenon that is not understandable without taking into account the geographical notions related to Ptolome's cosmographic model. As the northwestern portion of the American continent was represented as an extension of Asia or a region closed to it, the pacific coast became the most important borderland for the conquistadores established in New Spain, during half a century. The great expeditions in quest of lost kingdoms situated in the North stimulated the colonization of new territories. Despite the conquistadors'bad luck in their search of the Asian northwestern kingdoms, a second large frontier appeared during the second half of the sixteenth century, it was the tierra adentro that is to be related with the big septentrional terra incognita, situated between the North of New Spain and continental Asia, the conquest of which remained the main origin of Spanish expansion. Finally, when the quest of northern New Mexico was over, Spanish explorations declined suddenly and began at the same time a new process characterized by a slow and gradual occupation of new territories
Noejovich, Héctor. "L'Economie andine et méso-américaine dans l'environnement de la conquête espagnole." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0008.
Full textThe proposal establish a balance for precolumbian civilisations from a reissue of sources and the papers which reprents the actual level of knowledge on this matter. Undermethodological point of view, the main nighlights we have dealt with are: sources, analytical tools and quantitative approach. The conclussions poin the following matters out. (1) from quantitative analysis: population problems, monetarytrading", rationality, tax questions and comparative approach. (2) from institutions: no-property rights, no-tradign circulation dual behaviour and resources allocation (3) the dynamics of the system
Chaparro, Amaya Adolfo. "Les archives de l'ambiguité : 1.Formations de savoir lors de la conquête de la Nouvelle Grenade 2. Archéologie du savoir cannibale." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081886.
Full textRenaud, Roger. "Les Tribus et les errants : contacts entre indiens et européens, au 16e siècle en Amérique du Nord." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070169.
Full textThe common failure of colonial attempts, during the 16th century in north america is usually ascribed to essentially unfavourable or adverse native conditions. A critical study of original documents contradict this tradition. Against the numerous opportunities available to them, the europeans cling stubbornly to the chimerical project of finding locally an equivalent of mexico or peru and abstain, till to starvation, from any kind of economic pursuit. Against the offer of cultural relationship, addressed to them by hospitable, populous and prosperous indian communities, they take refuge in a fanciful dream of superiority, which at that time can only be signified soon or late by violence, a violence then always victorious, but gratuitous, useless and without any bebefit for them. Thus their failure is due to a systematic and irrational refusal of the indigenous reality. And this refusal has its source in a deep feeling of insecurity, in a crisis of identity, resulting for them from the contact with a different world and different peoples
Martinez-Teran, María-Teresa. "Gregorio García, O. P. , 1554?-1630 : l'idéologie coloniale et l'origine des Indiens." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030085.
Full textDíaz-Martínez, Noemi. "La Guerre du Mais : essai de reconstruction historique de la formation sociale Tupi-Guarani, 15e-16e siècles." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H062.
Full textIf one tries to place oneself in relation with historical materialism, and if one of the aspects of this argumentation system reflect the history of the communist "primitive" societies, should we deny the history of the communist mode of Tupi-Guarani? To answer this question one can try a different approach of Marx and Engels conceptions and of the history of Tupi-Guarani. Before America’s "discovery" the Tupi-Guarani social formation who used to be egalitarian was getting developed on the maiz war production and on the political nomadism of the Pajes. However that political and warlikemode was made up with differences: the women who were accumulated by polygamous machinery and, anthropophagy which was a social act of accumulating and of consumption of the working force or human energy of the other. Humain being is the wealth who has become the exchange value controled by leaders. The leaders receive and give women and captifs. The Tupi-Guarani then exchange these values, with the conquerors, for the revolutionary means that they consider as having the same value because the main mean of production is human energy: working force inequally accumulated. This differences were one of the conditions which enabled the conquerors' settlement
Reiplinger, Charles. "Naissance de la constitution écrite : la constitution des corps politiques en Angleterre et en Amérique du Nord aux seizième et dix-septième siècles." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020074.
Full textThis study is dedicated to the birth of the idea of a written constitution, in England and North America, during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Taking as starting point Reformation in England, it shows that congregationalist theology, a branch of english calvinism, by developping the idea that the church is a body politic created by a covenant and given a constitution, is a direct source of the idea of a written fundamental law. This idea is joined in New England by the english law, specificly corporate law, which makes the colonies bodies politic, based upon and ruled by a charter of incorporation. These influences lead to the Mayflower Compact, a social contract by which New Plymouth is founded in 1620. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut in 1639 add to the social contract the idea of a written fundamental law, meant to establish and limit the powers of political authority. This idea is extended in 1643 by the adoption of the Articles of Confederation of the United Colonies of New England
Nakashima, Peruani San Roman Roxana. "Corsarios ingleses en la América española. 1567-1618 : expansión ultramarina, conflictos religiosos y circulación de la información." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0032.
Full textWe present new perspectives to analyze the English corsairs that travelled to America in order to better understand the hostile relationship that was established between the Spanish and the English crowns during the last decades of the sixteenth century. In this context, diverse English expeditions arrived to the American coasts with the aim of promoting commerce, but also to take over the wealth of the New World that the Spaniards were enjoying without sharing. English noblemen, merchants and adventurers that participated in those travels were called "corsairs" or "pirates" in the Spanish sources. We will study them as the pioneers of the English overseas expansion, as the enemies of the powerful empire of Phillip II, as propagators of the religious reformation, and as agents of the circulation of information. We attempt to understand the role that the English corsairs in Spanish America had for the life of the colonies, for the organisation of the Iberian empire's defence (material and spiritual) and for the English expansionist projects. We will work with différent sources, especially documents from the Spanish administration as informations of merits and services, and declarations of English prisoners in front of civil, military and ecclesiastical authorities. We will also consider the printed textual products that originated from the English experiences in America, most particularly the collections of travel accounts by Richard Hakluyt
Salinero, Gregorio. "Trujillo d'Espagne, une ville entre deux mondes, 1529-1631 : les relations des familles de la ville avec les Indes." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0001.
Full textLecerf, Florence. "La vie quotidienne des morisques entre 1502 et 1570 selon les protocoles notariés des archives de Grenade." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN1630.
Full textDomingo, Paola. "Aspects socio-économiques du Paraguay de la conquête à travers les dossiers testamentaires." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100120.
Full textThe conquest of Paraguay (1536-end of 16th century) is one with that of the Río de la Plata and its main aim was to discover the silver mines of the Andes cordillera. The hostility of the native populations and the repeated shortage which the conquistadors suffered from for several years postponed the organization of expeditions towards the Potosi, which was eventually conquered from Peru. The poverty of the Paraguayan mineral resources made the Spanish Crown lose its interest in a province which only served to slow down the Portuguese progress Westward from Brazil. Abandoned by metropolitan authorities, isolated form the other provinces of the Empire, Paraguay learned to survive all by itself. The strength of character of its conquistadors, the alliances with the Guaranis, the fertility of the region of Asuncion, and the good integration of mixed race people into the colonial society were the assets that enabled Paraguay to develop economically, demographically and territorially
Quintana, Marie. "Les Mercédaires en Espagne et en Amérique du XVIIIème siècle : les couvents de Séville, de Lima et du Cuzco." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040221.
Full textWe don't only carry out research into the redemptive order of Mercy founded in 1218 by Peter Nolasco to describe the life of Mercedarians from Seville to Peru, but also to conjure up the conflicts and the mainspring of power taking shape in the 17th century and especially in the 18th century with the Creoles' growing claims and the impact of the reform which was the core of an internal crisis in the Order. Evoking these quite dynamic monks, we will try to bring out the link between the Old and the New World, Europe and America, the Christians' ransoming and the Indians evangelization through the study of three very important monasteries in so far as they ruled their respective province from the 16th to the 18th century
Nougaret, Sarah. "LA CÉRAMIQUE LALONDE HIGH COLLAR Comme outil de recherche pour l'étude des échanges dans le Nord-Est de l'Amérique du Nord (1450-1550 A.D.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29706/29706.pdf.
Full textCunill, Caroline. "Los defensores de indios de Yucatan y el acceso de los Mayas a la justicia colonial, 1540-1600." Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20005.
Full textThis study analyses the function of the Defensor de los Indios in Colonial Yucatan during the second half of XVIth Century. We will try to find out the antecedents and the reasons alluded to in the political discourse that could lead to the creation of this new corps of Spanish monarchical functionaries. In spite of the regional concern, comparisons with the evolution of this office in other regions of America should not be discarded, in order to fully understand the Crown's political orientations regarding matters of justice. Indeed, the defensores, sort of attorneys specialized in indigenous affairs, were supposed to enable Natives' access to colonial legal system to be easier. In order to appraise the institution's relative efficiency, it is also necessary to inquire about the Indian's and specially the Mayas' participation in the colonial justice system through the use they made of those functionaries, as well as the eventual benefits they managed to gain in defence of their own particular or collective interests
Laloy, Estelle. "Les sociétés indigènes de l'Occident du Mexique à l'épreuve de la Conquête et des débuts de la colonisation (XVIème siècle)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0053.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to consider how indigenous population of West Mexico endured the Spanish Conquest, as well as the first steps of colonization, during the sixteenth century. The main focus of the questioning exposed in this study is the experience of the aboriginal population, who had to face great and lasting dislocations. In order to meet this purpose, the cross-referencing of many and different sources was essential : archeological reports about excavations in West Mexico, first Spanish testimonies - mostly from conquistadores, surveys from vice-regal officers and Franciscans, geographic commentaries, petitions and judicial proceedings involving indigenous communities. Sometimes, it was difficult to analyse these sources because of their fragmented nature as well as their contradictory content. However, the greatest issue came from the discrepancy between the way in which Mesoamerican people and European people perceived the world, leading to confusion and misunderstandings of certain concepts’ meaning. The first chapter of this study exposes the indigenous societies of West Mexico on the eve of the Conquest by highlighting specific themes. The great ethnic and linguistic diversity of the populations is questioned while the complexity of their nomadic and sedentary lifestyles is underlined. A study of the political and territorial organization of the West shows significant proximity to the Central Plateau, especially around the concept of altepetl. The same observation is made concerning religious thought, through the analysis of divitinies, some sacrificial rites and a cosmogonic reading of the territory notably based on toponymy. The second chapter deals with the Conquest of West Mexico which took place over twenty years and took the form of several successive military expeditions of unequal violence. Initiated from the borders of Michoacán after the fall of Mexico, the Spanish penetration first reached the territories subject to the Purépecha State before reaching the Pacific coast after the brutal conquest of Colima in 1523. Francisco Cortés's expedition two years later enabled the Spaniards to continue their exploration without achieving lasting domination by the Western populations encountered. The bloody conquest of Nuño de Guzmán from 1529 - resulting in the creation of New Galicia, put part of the West to fire and blood and lastingly destroyed the indigenous societies that fell under its yoke. However, it was not until 1542, following the Mixtón war, that the aboriginal submission was ratified. The Spanish Conquest represents a major collapse in indigenous life but it did not have the same effects - depending on the degree of violence employed and the resistance shown by the different societies. Finaly, the third chapter focuses on the first steps of colonization by highlighting some of its corollaries and starting with the indigenous demographic hemorrhage as well as the new obligations imposed to the vanquished - in particular tribute and forced labor. Some aspects of the reorganization of indigenous living environments are particularly emphasized - such as the dismantling of old political and social structures, the Spanish establishment in indigenous lands and evangelization. Faced with these upheavals, the diversity of indigenous reactions and responses is developed between resistance in multiple forms, pragmatic appropriation and redefinition of oneself
Marín, Tamayo John Jairo. "Une stratégie de construction d'une nouvelle identité socioculturelle chez les indigènes du Nouveau-Royaume de Grenade au XVIe siècle : la production du Catéchisme de Fray Luis Zapata de Cárdenas." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46819.
Full textDucharme, Bernard. "De la polémique au catéchisme : les méthodes d'évangélisation des morisques en Espagne (XVe-XVIe siècle)." Thèse, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13598.
Full textQuels sont les liens entre le renforcement du pouvoir monarchique, d’évolution des méthodes de prédication et la persistance des identités religieuses minoritaires? Au XVIe siècle, les vieux chrétiens d’Espagne ont fait des efforts considérables pour convertir tous les infidèles à la foi catholique. Après avoir contraints les musulmans d’Espagne à se faire baptiser, ils tentèrent de les amener à adhérer « de cœur » à la foi catholique et à se comporter en bons chrétiens. Pour cela, ils eurent recours tant à la persécution qu’à la prédication. Si les historiens ont déjà bien étudié la persécution, notre connaissance des campagnes de prédication demeurait parcellaire. Cette thèse se propose d’y remédier en étudiant les méthodes d’évangélisation des Morisques valenciens entre 1492et 1570. Pour y parvenir, cette thèse étudie les manuels publiés pour soutenir l’effort missionnaire tout au long du siècle. Elle propose que les méthodes d’évangélisation des prédicateurs ont évolué d’une période privilégiant les arguments polémiques à une période mettant l’accent sur l’instruction catéchétique. Ce faisant, les méthodes employées ont mis davantage l’accent sur la responsabilité des Morisques dans le processus de leur propre conversion, plutôt que sur la responsabilité reposant sur le prédicateur de les convaincre d’adhérer au catholicisme. Nous avons ainsi constaté que le passage à ce que nous avons qualifié de « période catéchétique » correspond à l’augmentation en intensité des persécutions. En étudiant les campagnes de prédication dans le royaume de Valence, cette thèse reconstitue les situations où les manuels de polémique (les « antialcorans ») et les catéchismes étaient utilisés. Elle montre comment les méthodes des prédicateurs étaient déterminées par les cadres institutionnels établis. Le passage de la polémique au catéchisme a été guidé en partie par le contexte européen de la réforme, qui incitait à bannir la polémique religieuse en langue vernaculaire et à catéchiser les populations, et en partie par les enjeux sécuritaires qui faisaient craindre toute révolte des Morisques. Les prédicateurs furent ainsi incités à faire preuve le plus souvent de discrétion. Par ailleurs, les campagnes ont considérablement été handicapées par la contradiction qu’il y avait à considérer les Morisques à la fois comme des musulmans qu’il fallait convaincre, des nouveaux convertis qu’il fallait instruire et des mauvais chrétiens qui devraient être châtiés. En conclusion, la thèse propose une redéfinition du concept d’intégration qui soit adaptée à la réalité de l’histoire morisque et suggère des explications pour comprendre comment les dynamiques disciplinaires de la Monarchie catholique espagnole ont favorisé le repli des Morisques sur leur ethnicité.
What links are there amongst the reinforcement of monarchical power, the evolution in methods of preaching, and the persistence of minority religious identities? In the XIVth century, the old Christians of Spain made considerable efforts to convert infidels to the catholic faith. After having pressured the muslims of Spain into being baptized, they attempted to open their hearts to the catholic faith and to behave like good christians. In order to do this, they had recourse as much to persecution as to preaching. While persecution has been well studied by historians, our understanding of preaching remains fragmented. This thesis seeks to remedy this by studying methods of evangelizing Valencian Moors between 1492 and 1570. In order to do so, this thesis studies the published manuals used in support of missionary efforts over the course of the century. It suggests that the evangelizing methods of preachers evolved out of a period privileging polemical argumentation over catechetical instruction. The methods used thus focussed primarily on encouraging Moors to take responsibility for their own conversion, rather than placing responsibility with the preacher to convince them to embrace Catholicism. We therefore observe that the transition to what we call the “Catechetical period” corresponds to an increase in the intensity of persecution. In studying preaching campaigns in the kingdom of Valencia, this thesis reconstructs the contexts in which these polemical manuals (“antialcorans”) and Catechisms were utilized. It shows how preaching methods were shaped by their institutional contexts. The transition from polemics to Catechism was guided in part by European reforms that sought to banish religious polemics in the vernacular and to catechize populations, and in part by security concerns and fear that that the Moors would revolt. Preachers were thus encouraged to use discretion. However, these campaigns were considerably crippled by the contradictions that lay in considering Moors at once as Muslims to be converted, new converts in need of instruction, and bad Christians to be punished. The thesis concludes by proposing a redefinition of the concept of integration, adapted to the reality of Moorish history and offers explanations in order understand how the disciplinary dynamics of the Spanish Catholic Monarchy encouraged Moors to fallback on their ethnicity.
Gauthier, Chantal. "Activité missionnaire en frontière de catholicité : l'exemple du Valais et de l'ancienne Rhétie (1550-1650)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20022.
Full textBenzoni, Maria Matilde. "« L'apertura del Mondo » : Pierre Martyr d'Anghiera et les réseaux d'information sur le Mexique, l'Amérique Espagnole et le Monde dans l'Italie du XVIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0076.
Full textThis research aims at contributing in the study of the attitudes of the Italian political and intellectual élite in relation to the " widening of the world " between XV and XVI centuries. The thesis studies Peter Martyr d'Anghiera and the influence exerted by the Italian humanist and the corpus of his writings - Opus Epistolarum, Legatio Babylonica, Decades de Orbo Novo - on the XVI century Italian net-works on Mexico, Spanish America and the World. Contrary to the prevalent habit of the studies on Peter Martyr to focus on specific aspects of his figure and works, the I chapter tryies to consider Peter Martyr within the " International " of the Italian humanists. The II and III chapters are devoted to the analysis of the corpus of his writings, with a specific attention toward Peter Martyr's vision of international relations and of the Novus Orbis. The IV chapter studies the influence exerted by his intellectual legacy on G. Ramusio, G. Botero and the XVI Century Italian and European cultures
Arango, Lievano Lucia. "Evangélisation et précarité dans l'Amérique espagnole : l'architecture sans guildes ni Académies : une histoire culturelle du bâti religieux de la Nouvelle Grenade (Colombie XVIe siècle - XVIIIe siècle)." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011611.
Full textAvignon, Mathieu d'. "Samuel de Champlain et les alliances franco-amérindiennes : une diplomatie interculturelle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60627.pdf.
Full textVeiga, França Maria Célia. "Le concept de nature dans les Essais de Montaigne." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN1524.
Full textSavalle, Caroline. "Premiers contacts entre britanniques et indiens d'Amérique du Nord et conséquences sur leurs modes de vie respectifs." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR2017/document.
Full textThis study investigates the consequences that contacts between British people and Native American populations had on their respective ways of life. There is a widespread cliché in people’s minds according to which only British people would have had (heavily) left their marks on the North American ground and peoples that they encountered. Nevertheless, and contrarily to this idea, we shall tackle here their reciprocal influence, that is the way in which Native tribes also deeply impacted British colonists’ everyday life in the New World. We were able to witness such an influence thanks to archaeological, historical and ethnohistorical evidence. Various angles of study were chosen for this paper: the cultural habits and behaviors directly or indirectly linked to food (how did people have access to food supplies? How were foodstuffs prepared or cooked? Were food and/or meals shared? Which social links and practices -if any- derived from such habits?...). We shall also have to present to the audience what Native people’s connections and attitudes towards other tribes, or colonists from different European nations, were. And these could have been friendly, diplomatic, economical or even hostile relationships, implying political management and thinking ahead of taking actions, which was commonly omitted in the past
Colas, Christian. "Le Sumario das Armadas, chronique oubliée d'une conquête dans le Brésil du XVIème." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030066.
Full textBrazil begun to built itsel on the XVIth century subduing the native population, who often paid the high price of her life, and repelling the French men, merchants looking for the exotic products of the country or settelers wanting to found a colony with Villegaignon in Ganabara Bay. Portugal has not finished fighting against both, French and Indians, in the others parts of the country, when begun the Potiguar uprising in Paraiba Territory, in the North-East of Brazil. The Sumario das Armadas is a forgotten cronicle, but the only one such detailed existing in the whole country. It describes the conquest of the Potiguar territory in three campaigns by the Spanish and Portuguese columns against the Indians and Frenchs allied, and the extention of the king's power of Philippe II of Spain