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Journal articles on the topic 'Evaporation Flash de Spray'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ding, Hong Yuan, Peng Deng, Xu Yao Mao, and Chao Wu. "Flash Boiling Spray Simulation Based on Void Fraction and Superheat Controlling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.289.

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A new flash boiling spray model whose atomization criterion based on the void fraction and superheat while evaporation model based on the dual-zone method is established to simulate the flashing sprays. The model function is implemented in KIVA program. Flash boiling spray model predicts spray penetration and spray cone angle and its development trend, in good agreement with the experimental results. The model has a good capability in simulating flash sprays at low superheat conditions, which breakup is controlled by void fraction, as well as high superheat transition process. It can also predict flare flashing sprays to some extent at higher superheat conditions.

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2

Okazaki, Takahiro, Zensaku Kawara, Takehiko Yokomine, and Tomoaki Kunugi. "Enhancement of MSF Using Microbubbles." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2014-0169.

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Abstract Multi Stage Flash (MSF) distillation plants are widely used in saline water desalination. In order to enhance MSF, it is important to increase an evaporation rate in the flashing stage. A spray flash method, in which superheated water jets are injected through nozzles into a depressurized environment to increase the gas/liquid interface area, is a promising technique to make the increase of evaporation rate, which leads directly to the reduction of energy consumption and cost of the MSF plant. In this paper, the introduction of microbubbles into the spray jet as the nucleation sites to increase the evaporation rate of the spray flash is proposed. The spray flash behaviours with/without microbubbles at outside/inside of the nozzle-inside were observed by means of a high speed camera to investigate the mechanism of enhancement of spray flash due to microbubbles. Moreover, the number densities of droplets and bubble volume increase were obtained from visualized images in order to discuss quantitatively on the effects of introduction of microbubbles.

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3

Sève, Aymeric, Vincent Pichot, Fabien Schnell, and Denis Spitzer. "Trinitrotoluene Nanostructuring by Spray Flash Evaporation Process." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 42, no. 9 (June 7, 2017): 1051–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.201700024.

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4

Ma, Wei, Siping Zhai, Ping Zhang, Yaoqi Xian, Lina Zhang, Rui Shi, Jiang Sheng, Bo Liu, and Zonglin Wu. "Research Progresses of Flash Evaporation in Aerospace Applications." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018 (December 17, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3686802.

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Liquid is overheated and evaporated quickly when it enters into the environment with lower saturation pressure than that corresponding to its initial temperature. This phenomenon is known as the flash evaporation. A natural low-pressure environment and flash evaporation have unique characteristics and superiority in high altitude and outer space. Therefore, flash evaporation is widely used in aerospace. In this paper, spray flash evaporation and jet flash evaporation which are two different forms were introduced. Later, key attentions were paid to applications of flash evaporation in aerospace. For example, the flash evaporation has been used in the thermal control system of an aircraft and the propelling system of a microsatellite and oil supply system of a rocket motor. Finally, the latest progresses in the calculation model and numerical simulation of flash evaporation were elaborated.

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5

Miyatake, Osamu, and Yasuhiro Miki. "Simplified expression for efficiency of spray flash evaporation." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 13, no. 2 (1987): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.13.252.

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6

Ghiaasiaan, S. M. "Thermal-Hydraulics of OC-OTEC Spout Flash Evaporators." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 114, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905940.

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A mechanistic model was developed for the thermal-hydraulic processes in the spout flash evaporator of an OC-OTEC plant. Nonequilibrium, two-fluid, conservation equations were solved for the two-phase flow in the spout, accounting for evaporation at the gas-liquid interface, and using a two-phase flow regime map consisting of bubbly, churn-turbulent and dispersed droplet flow patterns. Solution of the two-phase conservation equations provided the flow conditions at the spout exit, which were used in modeling the fluid mechanics and heat transfer in the evaporator, where the liquid was assumed to shatter into a spray with a log-normal size distribution. Droplet size distribution was approximated by using 30 discrete droplet size groups. Droplet momentum conservation equations were numerically solved to obtain the residence time of various droplet size groups in the evaporator. Evaporative cooling of droplets was modeled by solving the 1-D heat conduction equation in spheres, and accounting for droplet internal circulation by an empirical thermal diffusivity multiplier. The model was shown to favorably predict the available single-spout experimental data.

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7

Koito, Yasushi, Kazuyoshi Tanaka, and Osamu Miyatake. "An Experimental Study on Enhancement of Spray Flash Evaporation." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 29, no. 1 (2003): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.29.150.

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8

Cai, Benan, Xiaobing Tuo, Zichen Song, Yulong Zheng, Hongfang Gu, and Haijun Wang. "Modeling of spray flash evaporation based on droplet analysis." Applied Thermal Engineering 130 (February 2018): 1044–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.11.083.

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9

Cai, Benan, Yongguang Yin, Yulong Zheng, Wei Wang, Hongfang Gu, Jianan Yao, and Haijun Wang. "Mathematical study of spray flash evaporation in a spray-assisted seawater desalination chamber." Desalination 465 (September 2019): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2019.03.007.

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10

Berthe, Jean-Edouard, Fabien Schnell, Yannick Boehrer, and Denis Spitzer. "Nanocrystallisation of Ammonium DiNitramide (ADN) by Spray Flash Evaporation (SFE)." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 43, no. 6 (May 24, 2018): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.201800039.

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11

Koito, Yasushi, Yasuhiro Maruta, Kazuyoshi Tanaka, and Osamu Miyatake. "Influence of a Non-Volatile Solute on Spray Flash Evaporation." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 28, no. 1 (2002): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.28.95.

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12

Wang, Chao, Ruina Xu, Yu Song, and Peixue Jiang. "Study on water droplet flash evaporation in vacuum spray cooling." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 112 (September 2017): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.04.111.

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13

Chen, Q., Kum Ja M, Y. Li, and K. J. Chua. "Experimental and mathematical study of the spray flash evaporation phenomena." Applied Thermal Engineering 130 (February 2018): 598–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.11.018.

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14

Cai, Benan, Qingqing Wang, Songtao Yin, Hongfang Gu, Haijun Wang, Hongdong Zhen, and Lei Zhang. "Energy analysis of spray flash evaporation from superheated upward jets." Applied Thermal Engineering 148 (February 2019): 704–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.11.084.

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15

Miyatake, O., T. Tomimura, and Y. Ide. "Enhancement of Spray Flash Evaporation by Means of the Injection of Bubble Nuclei." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 107, no. 2 (May 1, 1985): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3267673.

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Spray flash evaporators are being used or considered for power systems utilizing solar energy, ocean thermal energy, and geothermal energy. As part of an attempt to develop a compact, efficient flash evaporator, an experimental study of the effect of injection of bubble nuclei has been conducted. The bubble nuclei were generated by electrolyzing warm water, which was ejected from a simple tubular nozzle into a low-pressure vapor zone. Effects of electrolytic current level, nozzle diameter, liquid flow rate, liquid temperature, and superheat were investigated. The evaporator rates attained were superior to those in conventional multistage flash evaporators with open channels.

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16

Cheng, Wen-Long, Wei-Wei Zhang, Hua Chen, and Lei Hu. "Spray cooling and flash evaporation cooling: The current development and application." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55 (March 2016): 614–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.014.

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17

Cai, Benan, Qi Zhang, Yang Jiang, Hongfang Gu, and Haijun Wang. "Experimental study on spray flash evaporation under high temperature and pressure." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 113 (October 2017): 1106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.06.017.

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18

Busby, Yan, Emeline Lobry, Fabien Schnell, Guillaume Galland, and Denis Spitzer. "From Microdroplets to Microcrystals: Tunable Caffeine Particles by Spray Flash Evaporation." Crystal Growth & Design 21, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.0c01194.

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19

Payri, Raul, Pedro Marti-Aldaravi, Rami Abboud, and Abian Bautista. "Numerical Analysis of GDI Flash Boiling Sprays Using Different Fuels." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 5925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185925.

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Modeling the fuel injection process in modern gasoline direct injection engines plays a principal role in characterizing the in–cylinder mixture formation and subsequent combustion process. Flash boiling, which usually occurs when the fuel is injected into an ambient pressure below the saturation pressure of the liquid, is characterized by fast breakup and evaporation rates but could lead to undesired behaviors such as spray collapse, which significantly effects the mixture preparation. Four mono–component fuels have been used in this study with the aim of achieving various flashing behaviors utilizing the Spray G injector from the Engine Combustion Network (ECN). The numerical framework was based on a Lagrangian approach and was first validated for the baseline G1 condition. The model was compared with experimental vapor and liquid penetrations, axial gas velocity, droplet sizes and spray morphology and was then extended to the flash boiling condition for iso–octane, n–heptane, n–hexane, and n–pentane. A good agreement was achieved for most of the fuels in terms of spray development and shape, although the computed spray morphology of pentane was not able to capture the spray collapse. Overall, the adopted methodology is promising and can be used for engine combustion modeling with conventional and alternative fuels.

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20

Spitzer, Denis, Vincent Pichot, Jean-Edouard Berthe, Florent Pessina, Tanja Deckert-Gaudig, Volker Deckert, Emeline Lobry, and Marc Comet. "NANOCRYSTALLIZATION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS BY SPRAY FLASH EVAPORATION FOR EXPLOSIVES AND PROPELLANTS." International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 18, no. 4 (2019): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.2019027410.

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21

Klaumünzer, Martin, Laurent Schlur, Fabien Schnell, and Denis Spitzer. "Continuous Crystallization of ZnO Nanoparticles by Spray Flash Evaporation versus Batch Synthesis." Chemical Engineering & Technology 38, no. 8 (July 27, 2015): 1477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201500053.

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22

Fathinia, Farshid, Mehdi Khiadani, Yasir M. Al-Abdeli, and Abdellah Shafieian. "Performance improvement of spray flash evaporation desalination systems using multiple nozzle arrangement." Applied Thermal Engineering 163 (December 2019): 114385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114385.

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23

Fathinia, Farshid, Yasir M. Al-Abdeli, and Mehdi Khiadani. "Evaporation rates and temperature distributions in fine droplet flash evaporation sprays." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 145 (November 2019): 106037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2019.106037.

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24

Cheng, Wen-Long, Yu-Hang Peng, Hua Chen, Lei Hu, and Han-Ping Hu. "Experimental investigation on the heat transfer characteristics of vacuum spray flash evaporation cooling." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 102 (November 2016): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.05.140.

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25

Ghosh, Mrinal, A. K. Sikder, Shaibal Banerjee, M. B. Talawar, and N. Sikder. "Preparation of reduced sensitivity co-crystals of cyclic nitramines using spray flash evaporation." Defence Technology 16, no. 1 (February 2020): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2019.05.018.

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26

Lobry, Emeline, Jean-Edouard Berthe, and Denis Spitzer. "Spray flash evaporation SFE process: Identification of the driving parameters on evaporation to tune particle size and morphology." Chemical Engineering Science 231 (February 2021): 116307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2020.116307.

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27

Huang, Yuhan, Sheng Huang, Ronghua Huang, and Guang Hong. "Spray and evaporation characteristics of ethanol and gasoline direct injection in non-evaporating, transition and flash-boiling conditions." Energy Conversion and Management 108 (January 2016): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.10.081.

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28

Miyatake, Osamu, Muhammad Enamul Kabir, Hidehiko Noda, and Kouji Sugihara. "Transient characteristics and performance of hybrid latent heat storage and spray flash evaporation system." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 30, no. 6 (1997): 1076–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.30.1076.

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29

Gao, Wenzhong, Jiaye Qi, Jiahao Zhang, Guangming Chen, and Dawei Wu. "An experimental study on explosive boiling of superheated droplets in vacuum spray flash evaporation." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 144 (December 2019): 118552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118552.

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30

Lin, Yan-Ke, Zhi-Fu Zhou, Yu Fang, Hong-Lin Tang, and Bin Chen. "Heat transfer performance and optimization of a close-loop R410A flash evaporation spray cooling." Applied Thermal Engineering 159 (August 2019): 113966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.113966.

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31

Ji, Can, Naihua Wang, and Zhigang Liu. "Three-dimensional simulation of flash evaporation of non-uniform spray in saturated vapor environment." Heat and Mass Transfer 56, no. 12 (August 10, 2020): 3289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-020-02936-4.

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32

Ra, Y., and R. D. Reitz. "The application of a multicomponent droplet vaporization model to gasoline direct injection engines." International Journal of Engine Research 4, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 193–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808703322223388.

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A model for unsteady droplet vaporization is presented that considers the droplet temperature range from flash-boiling conditions to normal evaporation. The theory of continuous thermodynamics was used to model the properties and compositions of multicomponent fuels such as gasoline. In order to model the change of evaporation rate from normal to boiling conditions more realistically, an unsteady internal heat flux model and a new model for the determination of the droplet surface temperature are proposed. An explicit form of the equation to determine the heat flux from the surrounding gas mixture to the droplet/gas interface was obtained from an approximate solution of the quasi-steady energy equation for the surrounding gas mixture, with the interdiffusion of fuel vapour and the surrounding gas taken into account. The model was applied to calculate normal and boiling evaporation processes of droplets for various ambient temperatures and droplet temperatures. Single-droplet evaporation calculated using the present model was compared with the results calculated by using the standard evaporation routine of the KIVA-3V code. Also, simulations of the vaporization of a single-component fuel (iso-octane) were compared with multi-component fuel cases. The vaporization of a hollow cone spray of fuel injected into a cylindrical chamber was simulated for both normal and flash-boiling conditions using the KIVA-3V code implemented with the present model. In addition, the model was applied to a realistic gasoline direct injection engine.

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33

Pichot, Vincent, Aymeric Seve, Jean-Edouard Berthe, Fabien Schnell, and Denis Spitzer. "Study of the Elaboration of HMX and HMX Composites by the Spray Flash Evaporation Process." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 42, no. 12 (November 8, 2017): 1418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.201700171.

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34

Ji, Can, Lin Cheng, Naihua Wang, and Zhigang Liu. "Experimental investigation on high-pressure high-temperature spray flash evaporation and the characteristic Jakob number." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 102 (April 2019): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2018.10.018.

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35

Wu, Dawei, Wenhui Zhang, Li Tang, and Cunquan Zhang. "A New Integrated Scheme for Urban Road Traffic Flood Control Using Liquid Air Spray/Vaporization Technology." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 31, 2020): 2733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072733.

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With the rapid progress of urbanization, cities’ demands for traffic flood control are steadily on the increase, and people are gradually paying more attention to traffic safety and environmental issues. Considering the considerable convenience and service ability of liquid air and corresponding products, people have begun to switch to using liquid air as an emergency coolant. However, this air’s cryogenic operation and vigorous vaporization expansion restricts its widespread application. Our study explores innovative applications based on liquid air spray/evaporation icing and natural melting, which can be applied to urban flood protection. This study also includes a brief introduction to the nature of liquid air and road icing, a conceptual design based on liquid air flash evaporation (for urban flood protection), and the modeling and solving of natural road ice melting. This paper introduces many innovative key technologies, which include the rapid solidification of floods to form emergency ice dams or diversion channels and the application of liquid air spray to form icy roads for the temporary passage of small cars or pickup trucks. Additionally, the economic estimations are performed by using downtown traffic flood control in Wuhan as an example to showcase our innovative scheme for applying liquid air spray/vaporization for urban traffic flooding control, which is practical, pollution free, and cost effective. Our innovative scheme will be promising for flood control in modern cities.

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36

SAIKI, Atsushi, Yasuhiro FUJII, Osamu SAKURAI, Naoki WAKIYA, Kazuo SHINOZAKI, and Nobuyasu MIZUTANI. "Preparation of Homo and Hetero Multilayer YSZ Thin Films by Ultrasonic Spray ICP Flash Evaporation Method." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 106, no. 1231 (1998): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.106.312.

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37

Fathinia, Farshid, Mehdi Khiadani, and Yasir M. Al-Abdeli. "Experimental and mathematical investigations of spray angle and droplet sizes of a flash evaporation desalination system." Powder Technology 355 (October 2019): 542–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.07.081.

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38

Zhou, Zhi-Fu, Yan-Ke Lin, Hong-Lin Tang, Yu Fang, Bin Chen, and Ye-Chun Wang. "Heat transfer enhancement due to surface modification in the close-loop R410A flash evaporation spray cooling." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 139 (August 2019): 1047–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.05.063.

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39

Paden, J. Justin Robert, P. K. Tewari, D. Venkatram, and D. Barnabas. "Spray flash evaporator for low-temperature saline water desalination application." International Journal of Nuclear Desalination 2, no. 4 (2007): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnd.2007.015805.

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40

Paredi, Davide, Tommaso Lucchini, Gianluca D’Errico, Angelo Onorati, Lyle Pickett, and Joshua Lacey. "Validation of a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics methodology to predict the direct injection process of gasoline sprays using Spray G experimental data." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419868020.

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A detailed prediction of injection and air–fuel mixing is fundamental in modern direct injection, spark-ignition engines to guarantee a stable and efficient combustion process and to minimize pollutant formation. Within this context, computational fluid dynamics simulations nowadays represent a powerful tool to understand the in-cylinder evolution of spray and air–fuel charge. To guarantee the accuracy of the adopted multidimensional spray sub-models, it is mandatory to validate the computed results against available experimental data under well-defined operating conditions. To this end, in this work, the authors proposed the calibration and validation of a comprehensive set of spray sub-models by means of the simulation of the Spray G experiment, available in the context of the engine combustion network. For a suitable validation of the proposed numerical setup in addition to the baseline condition, gasoline direct injection operating points typical of early injection with homogeneous operation, late injection with high ambient density and flash boiling with enhanced fuel evaporation were also simulated. Numerical computations were validated against a wide set of available experimental data by means of an accurate post-processing analysis taking into account axial liquid and vapor penetrations, gas-phase velocity between spray plumes, droplet size, plume liquid velocity, direction and mass distribution. Satisfactory results were achieved with the proposed setup, which is able to predict gasoline spray evolution under different operating conditions.

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41

Lobry, Emeline, Jean‐Edouard Berthe, Jakob Hübner, Fabien Schnell, and Denis Spitzer. "Tuning the Oxygen Balance of Energetic Composites: Crystallization of ADN/Secondary Explosives Mixtures by Spray Flash Evaporation." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 46, no. 3 (January 18, 2021): 398–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.202000090.

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42

Chen, Qi, Guoying Xu, and Peng Xia. "The performance of a solar-driven spray flash evaporation desalination system enhanced by microencapsulated phase change material." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 27 (October 2021): 101267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.101267.

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43

Li, Tianyun, Xue Dong, David L. S. Hung, Xuesong Li, and Min Xu. "Analysis of evaporation characteristics and heat transfer for flash-boiling sprays." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 127 (December 2018): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.07.023.

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44

Sparacino, Simone, Fabio Berni, Matteo Riccardi, Andrea Cavicchi, and Lucio Postrioti. "3D-CFD Simulation of a GDI Injector Under Standard and Flashing Conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019706002.

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In the optimization of GDI engines, fuel injection plays a crucial role since it can affect the combustion process and, thus, fuel efficiency and pollutant emissions. The challenging task is to obtain the required fuel distribution and atomization inside the combustion chamber over a wide range of engine operating conditions. To achieve such goals, flash-boiling can be exploited. Flash-boiling is a phenomenon occurring when fuel temperature exceeds saturation temperature or, similarly, when ambient pressure is lower than saturation one. Under these conditions, which can occur inside the injector or directly in the combustion chamber, the fuel undergoes extremely accelerated breakup and quickly evaporates. The proposed manuscript shows the application of an alternative flashboiling model, recently implemented by Siemens-PLM in STAR-CD V.2019.1, to be applied in 3D-CFD Lagrangian simulations of GDI sprays. Results are validated against experimental data, provided by the SprayLAB of the University of Perugia, on a single-hole research injector. The new flash-boiling model consists of three main parts: an atomization model able to compute droplet initial conditions and the overall spray cone angle; an evaporation model and, finally, a droplet break-up model; the last two models are designed to simulate all the physical events occurring when droplets are injected into the combustion chamber. As for the investigated operating condition, vessel pressure and temperature are 40 kPa and 293K, respectively; as for the fuel (n-Heptane) temperature, it ranges from 303.15 K to 393.15 K, on equal injection pressure (10 MPa). The numerical-experimental comparison is carried out in terms of liquid penetration, imaging, and droplet sizing.

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45

Chang, Mengzhao, Jeonghyun Park, Hyung Ik Kim, and Suhan Park. "Comparison of spray evaporation characteristics of five-hole GDI injectors with different hole arrangements under flash boiling conditions." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 181 (December 2021): 121841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121841.

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46

Xiao, Di, Shuyi Qiu, David Hung, Xuesong Li, Keiya Nishida, and Min Xu. "Evaporation and condensation of flash boiling sprays impinging on a cold surface." Fuel 287 (March 2021): 119423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119423.

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47

Li, Shiyan, Yuyin Zhang, and Wenyuan Qi. "Quantitative study on the influence of bubble explosion on evaporation characteristics of flash boiling spray using UV-LAS technique." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 98 (November 2018): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2018.03.025.

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48

Coty, Jean-Baptiste, Cédric Martin, Isabella Telò, and Denis Spitzer. "Use of Spray Flash Evaporation (SFE) technology to improve dissolution of poorly soluble drugs: Case study on furosemide nanocrystals." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 589 (November 2020): 119827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119827.

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49

Peng, Yu-Hang, and Wen-Long Cheng. "Experimental investigation on the effect of heat transfer enhancement of vacuum spray flash evaporation cooling using Al2O3–water nanofluid." Energy Procedia 142 (December 2017): 3766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.274.

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50

Jannin, Vincent, Lucia Blas, Stéphanie Chevrier, Cédric Miolane, Frédéric Demarne, and Denis Spitzer. "Evaluation of the digestibility of solid lipid nanoparticles of glyceryl dibehenate produced by two techniques: Ultrasonication and spray-flash evaporation." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 111 (January 2018): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.049.

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