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Journal articles on the topic 'Evaporation Indirecte'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Cichoń, Aleksandra, Anna Pacak, Demis Pandelidis, and Sergey Anisimov. "Reducing energy consumption of air-conditioning systems in moderate climates by applying indirect evaporative cooling." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400019.

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This paper investigates the potential of applying an indirect evaporative cooler for heat recovery in air conditioning systems in moderate climates. The counter-flow indirect evaporative heat and mass exchanger is compared with commonly used recuperation unit in terms of achieved energy. The performance analysis of the indirect evaporative exchanger is carried out with original ε-NTU-model considering condensation from treated air. It was found that the indirect evaporative exchanger employed as a heat recovery device, allows to obtain higher performance than conventional recuperator. Addition

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2

Kim, Seong-Bhin, Kwang-Am Moon, Hwi-Ung Choi, and Kwang-Hwan Choi. "Experimental Study on the Performance of an Air Conditioning Unit with a Baffled Indirect Evaporative Cooler." Energies 17, no. 13 (2024): 3231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17133231.

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Indirect evaporative coolers (IECs) use the latent heat of water evaporation to cool air. This system has the advantage of operating at low power without a compressor and does not increase the absolute humidity of the air. However, an IEC is difficult to use on its own because its cooling capacity is limited by the theoretical constraint of the wet-bulb temperature of the ambient air. Therefore, an air conditioning unit (ACU) was integrated with an IEC and experimentally evaluated in this study. The dry and wet channels of the IEC were integrated with an ACU evaporator and a condenser, unlike

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3

Asemi, Hamidreza, Rahim Zahedi, and Sareh Daneshgar. "Theoretical analysis of the performance and optimization of indirect flat evaporative coolers." Future Energy 2, no. 1 (2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55670/fpll.fuen.2.1.2.

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External-cooling indirect evaporative coolers with different configurations and working air sources are incomprehensively analyzed and compared so far. This paper investigates the mechanism and theory of operation of indirect flat-panel evaporative coolers based on X-analysis. Then, based on the second law of thermodynamics analysis, the entropy production rate of the flat-plate heat exchanger of the cooler is calculated. As a result of this analysis, the optimal energy efficiency-evaporation efficiency and cooling capacity values are presented in terms of effective parameters in the design.

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4

Mishra, Sakshi. "Direct and Indirect Evaporative Cooling Strategies: An Analysis." Journal of Advanced Research in Mechanical Engineering and Technology 08, no. 01 (2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.8650.202101.

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Evaporative cooling can be understood as natural response of human body to effective climate control. It is the similar to the cooling principle that human body practices when moisture/ sweat vaporizes and cools off the skin. Needing less energy input, evaporative cooling is perfectly fit for uses in which decreasing high temperatures as well as energy consumption is the requisite. Evaporative cooling is an energy competent resolution for trades, where hot inside environments lead to low output, productivity and discontented employed workers. This could also upsurge the amount of faults and mi

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5

Budagovskyi, Anatolij, and Viliam Novák. "THEORY OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION: 2. Soil and intercepted water evaporation." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 59, no. 2 (2011): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10098-011-0006-8.

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THEORY OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION: 2. Soil and intercepted water evaporationEvaporation of water from the soil is described and quantified. Formation of the soil dry surface layer is quantitatively described, as a process resulting from the difference between the evaporation and upward soil water flux to the soil evaporating level. The results of evaporation analysis are generalized even for the case of water evaporation from the soil under canopy and interaction between evaporation rate and canopy transpiration is accounted for. Relationships describing evapotranspiration increase due to evaporati

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6

Hashim, Rasha, Salman Hammdi, and Adel Eidan. "Evaporative Cooling: A Review of its Types and Modeling." Basrah journal for engineering science 22, no. 1 (2022): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33971/bjes.22.1.5.

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Evaporative cooling is a widely used energy-saving and environmentally friendly cooling technology. Evaporative cooling can be defined as a mass and heat transfer process in which the air is cooled by the evaporation of water and as a result a large amount of heat is transferred from the air to the water and thus the air temperature decreases. Evaporative cooling is mainly used in many cooling technologies used in buildings, factories, agricultural in addition to it is used industrially in cooling towers, evaporative condensers, humidification, and humidity control applications. Evaporative co

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7

Pendhari, Asiya S. "Indirect Evaporative Cooling: An Efficient and Convenient Energy System." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics and Computational Fluid Dynamics 07, no. 3&4 (2020): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2349.7661.202006.

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Evaporative cooling is now an alternative method for the conventional air cooling method. This method does not only save energy but also protect the environment from global warming and hazardous gases. Thus this system is highly efficient and eco-friendly. Evaporative cooling system is further divided into two categories that are direct evaporative cooling system and an indirect evaporative cooling system. The direct evaporative cooling system is not much efficient due to high wet bulb temperature and moisture thus rather than using the direct evaporative cooling system the indirect evaporativ

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8

Sun, Tiezhu, Xiaojun Huang, Caihang Liang, Riming Liu, and Xiang Huang. "Prediction and Analysis of Dew Point Indirect Evaporative Cooler Performance by Artificial Neural Network Method." Energies 15, no. 13 (2022): 4673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134673.

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The artificial neural network method has been widely applied to the performance prediction of fillers and evaporative coolers, but its application to the dew point indirect evaporative coolers is rare. To fill this research gap, a novel performance prediction model for dew point indirect evaporative cooler based on back propagation neural network was established using Matlab2018. Simulation based on the test date in the moderately humid region of Yulin City (Shaanxi Province, China) finds that: the root mean square error of the evaporation efficiency of the back propagation model is 3.1367, an

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9

Kim, Nae-Hyun. "Modeling of Heat and Moisture Transfer in an Indirect Evaporative Cooler Made of Plastic Film/Paper." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 23, no. 04 (2015): 1550026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132515500261.

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In this study, a thermal model of indirect evaporative cooler (IEC) was constructed. An IEC made of plastic film/paper composite was tested, and the results were compared with predictions of the model. In adddition, parametric study was conducted using the model. The model was based on [Formula: see text]-NTU analysis of wet surface heat and mass transfer. Especially, the model considered air leakage, nonuniform overall heat transfer coefficient and entrance region. Comparison of the predictions of the model with limited experimental data showed favorable results. Parametric study using the mo

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10

Stefaniak, Łukasz, Juliusz Walaszczyk, Michał Karpuk, Krzysztof Rajski, and Jan Danielewicz. "The Possibility of Intermittent Water Spray Implementation in a Non-Porous Indirect Evaporative Cooler." Energies 18, no. 4 (2025): 882. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18040882.

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Evaporative cooling is a sustainable and energy-efficient technology based on water evaporation to achieve cooling. It uses air (R-729) and water (R-718) as refrigerants, so its effect on global warming is limited. Recent research focuses development of porous heat exchanger surfaces to be used in evaporative cooling technology with intermittent water spray. However, non-porous surfaces were not investigated. Here, we present the possibility of implementing intermittent water spray in a non-porous indirect evaporative cooler. The experimental results show that it increases the cooling capacity

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11

Dalaf, Adham Ahmed, Maki Haj Zidan, and Aadel A. Al-Kumait. "Improving the Behavior of Indirect Evaporative Cooler*." Journal of Advanced Sciences and Engineering Technologies 1, no. 3 (2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/jaset.01.03.02.

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    ndirect evaporative cooling is one of the technologies currently used to build highly efficient air conditioning systems and low power consumption. A computer program was created to predict the effectiveness of an indirect-evaporation cooling system which operates based on Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) to determine the environmental conditions and proper system design. Several variables that affect the performance of the system have been studied; the amount of volumetric flow of air ranged from (1050 cfm) to (1550 cfm) for the dry side, and changing from 700 cfm to 12

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12

Hasan, Raed Abdulkareem, Mahmod A. Abdulqader, Azil Bahari Alias, et al. "Advancements and Performance of Evaporative Cooling Technologies: Applications, Benefits, and Future Prospects." KHWARIZMIA 2025 (July 3, 2025): 30–41. https://doi.org/10.70470/khwarizmia/2025/004.

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Evaporative cooling is a widely adopted technology for various applications, including industrial processes, HVAC systems, building cooling, and microclimate regulation. It is known for its cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness compared to conventional refrigerants. With buildings accounting for a significant portion of global energy use, enhancing cooling technology efficiency is critical. This review explores recent advancements in evaporative cooling technologies, particularly those involving desiccants, membranes, and hybrid systems, such as air-mediated ind

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13

Armstrong, Robert N., John W. Pomeroy, and Lawrence W. Martz. "Spatial variability of mean daily estimates of actual evaporation from remotely sensed imagery and surface reference data." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 12 (2019): 4891–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4891-2019.

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Abstract. Land surface evaporation has considerable spatial variability that is not captured by point-scale estimates calculated from meteorological data alone. Knowing how evaporation varies spatially remains an important issue for improving parameterisations of land surface schemes and hydrological models and various land management practices. Satellite-based and aerial remote sensing has been crucial for capturing moderate- to larger-scale surface variables to indirectly estimate evaporative fluxes. However, more recent advances for field research via unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) now all

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14

Yaropud, Vitalii. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE AIR HEAT EXCHANGER OF THE SIDE-EVAPORATION TYPE." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 2(113) (August 30, 2024): 55–65. https://doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2024-2-6.

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Over the past two decades, many new devices based on renewable energy have been introduced for heating purposes: new heat recovery units, heat pumps, solar systems and many others However, no devices based on renewable energy sources have been widely applied in the field of cooling until now. This poses an important scientific challenge for researchers worldwide. A new solution that can solve the above-mentioned problems is direct and indirect air cooling through evaporation. Evaporative air coolers use the cooled heat of water evaporation to provide cooling and are less dependent on fossil fu

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15

CHOWDHURY, A., H. P. DAS, and S. D. GAIKWAD. "Determination of relative contribution of different meteorological elements on evaporation." MAUSAM 50, no. 4 (2021): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v50i4.1949.

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The present study deals with influence of radiation, maximum temperature, hours of bright sunshine, relative humidity and surface wind on evaporation at Calcutta, Pune and New Delhi. Daily data from 1991-94 of January, May, June, July and October have been utilized. Direct and indirect influence of the weather factors have been determined through "path analysis" and discussed. Multiple regression equations have also been developed with evaporation as the dependent variable and the above five weather parameters as independent variables.  The results reveal that radiation and maximum

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16

Berning, Torsten, Henrik Sørensen, and Mads Pagh Nielsen. "A Computational Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer in an Indirect Evaporative Cooler Using the Spray Dryer Model." Energies 17, no. 11 (2024): 2676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17112676.

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Indirect evaporative coolers (IECs) for air conditioning rely on liquid water being sprayed into the exhaust stream of used air to induce evaporation and cool down the incoming stream of fresh air in an indirect heat exchanger. This paper describes a computational fluid dynamics analysis that makes use of the particle transport model to simulate the evaporation of the water droplets at the exhaust side of an IEC using a pre-implemented spray dryer model. Critical parameters include the average size of the droplets and the amount of water sprayed into the system. In addition to droplet evaporat

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17

Li, Qingqing, Yuqing Wang, and Yihong Duan. "Impacts of Evaporation of Rainwater on Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity—A Revisit." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 4 (2015): 1323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0224.1.

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Abstract The impact of evaporation of rainwater on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and structure is revisited in this study. Evaporative cooling can result in strong downdrafts and produce low–equivalent potential temperature air in the inflow boundary layer, particularly in the region outside the eyewall, significantly suppressing eyewall convection and reducing the final intensity of a TC. Different from earlier findings, results from this study show that outer rainbands still form but are short lived in the absence of evaporation. Evaporation of rainwater is shown to facilitate the formatio

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18

Rezaee, Vahid, and Arash Houshmand. "Feasibility Study Of Maisotsenko Indirect Evaporative Air Cooling Cycle In Iran." GeoScience Engineering 61, no. 2 (2015): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2015-0015.

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Abstract This paper presents energy and exergy analysis of air cooling cycle based on novel Maisotsenko indirect evaporative cooling cycle. Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) provides desired cooling condition above the dew point and below the wet bulb temperature. In this study, based on average annual temperature, The Iran area is segmented into eleven climates. In energy analysis, wet-bulb and dew point effectiveness, cooling capacity rate and in exergy analysis, exergy input rate, exergy destruction rate, exergy loss, exergy efficiency, exergetic COP and entropy generation rate for Iran's weather

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19

Shan, Zhigang, Niaojun Sun, Wei Wang, et al. "Investigating the Role of Wave Process in the Evaporation Duct Simulation by Using an Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave Coupled Model." Atmosphere 15, no. 6 (2024): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15060707.

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In this study, a diagnostic model for evaporation ducts was established based on the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) and the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) models. Utilizing this model, four sensitivity tests were conducted over the South China Sea from 21 September to 5 October 2008, when four tropical cyclones affected the study domain. These tests were designed with different roughness schemes to investigate the impact mechanisms of wave processes on evaporation duct simulation under extreme weather conditions. The results indicated that wave processes primarily i

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20

Nowak, Bernard, and Zbigniew Kuczera. "Heat Power Determination of Dv-290 Refrigerator’s Evaporator on the Basis of Thermodynamic Parameters of Inlet Air / Określenie Mocy Cieplnej Parownika Chłodziarki Dv-290 Na Podstawie Parametrów Termodynamicznych Powietrza Wlotowego." Archives of Mining Sciences 57, no. 4 (2012): 911–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10267-012-0060-z.

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Abstract The present paper introduces a method for calculating the thermal power of DV-290 mining air cooler’s evaporator. The power usually differs from the nominal power given by the manufacturer. The thermodynamic parameters of cooled air are not obtained as a result of in situ measurements, but in indirect manner that is by determining the evaporation and condensation’s pressure values of R407C refrigerant. The pressure dependencies formulated as a function of air enthalpy at the evaporator’s inlet were obtained using calculations of a computer program which solves the system of equations

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21

Jayakody, Harith, Raya Al-Dadah, and Saad Mahmoud. "Cryogenic Energy for Indirect Freeze Desalination—Numerical and Experimental Investigation." Processes 8, no. 1 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010019.

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Renewed interest in freeze desalination has emerged due to its advantages over other desalination technologies. A major advantage of the freeze desalination process over evaporative methods is its lower energy consumption (latent heat of freezing is 333.5 kJ/kg and latent heat of evaporation is 2256.7 kJ/kg). Cryogenic fluids like LN2/LAir are emerging as an effective energy storage medium to maximise utilisation of intermittent renewable energy sources. The recovery of this stored cold energy has the potential to be used for freeze desalination. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling wa

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22

Caruana, Roberta, Stefano De Antonellis, Luca Marocco, and Manfredo Guilizzoni. "Modeling of Indirect Evaporative Cooling Systems: A Review." Fluids 8, no. 11 (2023): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids8110303.

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Air-to-air indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) systems are particular heat exchangers that use the latent heat of evaporation of water to cool down an air stream, without increasing its specific humidity, thus guaranteeing adequate thermohygrometric conditions in the refrigerated environment with low energy consumption. Dew-point indirect evaporative cooling (DIEC) systems are based on the IEC technology, but they recirculate a part of the air taken from the room to be refrigerated, in order to possibly achieve a lower air temperature. IEC and DIEC systems are becoming increasingly common these

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23

Xie, Xiaoyun, and Yi Jiang. "An indirect evaporative chiller." Frontiers of Energy and Power Engineering in China 4, no. 1 (2010): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11708-010-0021-1.

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Boukhanouf, R., A. Alharbi, O. Amer, and H. G. Ibrahim. "Experimental and Numerical Study of a Heat Pipe Based Indirect Porous Ceramic Evaporative Cooler." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 6, no. 2 (2015): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.570.

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Ariani, Sri Retno Dwi, Endang Susilowati, Elfi Susanti VH, and Setiyani Setiyani. "ACTIVITY TEST OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) LEAF METHANOL EXTRACT AS CONTRACEPTION ANTIFERTILITY TO WHITE MICE (Rattus norvegicus)." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 2 (2010): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21632.

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The aim of this research is to know about if the guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf methanol extract on 10.5 mg/mL and 21.0 mg/mL dossages indicate a positive test as contraception antifertility to white mice (Rattus norvegicus). The sample is guava leaf from Mungkid, Magelang Central of Java Indonesia. The animals experiment are the white mice on 140-300 g for female, 200-250 g for male and about 3 months of age in average. The steps of this research are : (1) preparing sample, i.e. washing, drying on to indirect sunlight and make the sample into powder, (2) isolation the guava leaf powder in so

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Dinh, Khanh. "4827733 Indirect evaporative cooling system." Heat Recovery Systems and CHP 10, no. 1 (1990): ix. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(90)90286-s.

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Safe, Abdolah, Fatemeh Sabokkhiz, Mohamad Hosein Ramesht, Morteza Djamali, and Abdolmajid Naderi Beni. "Study Clastic Sediments and Evaporite Deposits’ Changes in the Sedimentary Core Lake Maharlou, Iran." Modern Applied Science 10, no. 4 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n4p1.

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The continental environments, lakes are proper for deposition locations of evaporites. Evaporite minerals are formed wherever the evaporation rate is more than incoming water to the basin. In this article the evaporate deposits (Calcite, Gypsum and Halite) are studied in a sedimentary core of Lake Maharlou, Zagros Mountains, South of Iran. The core sample treated for getting Magnetic Susceptibility values along with the core as well as basic sedimentological data including grain size, Total Organic Matter and carbonate contents. NaCl is determin ed by gravimetric analysis. Loss on Ignition is

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Rey Martı́nez, F. J., E. Velasco Gómez, R. Herrero Martı́n, J. Martı́nez Gutiérrez, and F. Varela Diez. "Comparative study of two different evaporative systems: an indirect evaporative cooler and a semi-indirect ceramic evaporative cooler." Energy and Buildings 36, no. 7 (2004): 696–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2003.10.010.

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Pettijohn, J. Cory, and Guido D. Salvucci. "A New Two-Dimensional Physical Basis for the Complementary Relation between Terrestrial and Pan Evaporation." Journal of Hydrometeorology 10, no. 2 (2009): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jhm1026.1.

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Abstract Archived global measurements of water loss from evaporation pans constitute an important indirect measure of evaporative flux. Historical data from evaporation pans shows a decreasing trend over the last half century, but the relationship between pan evaporation and moisture-limited terrestrial evaporation is complex, leading to ambiguities in the interpretation of these data. Under energy-limited conditions, pan evaporation Epan and moisture-limited terrestrial evaporation E increase or decrease together, whereas in moisture-limited conditions these fluxes form a complementary relati

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Asfahan, Hafiz M., Uzair Sajjad, Muhammad Sultan, et al. "Artificial Intelligence for the Prediction of the Thermal Performance of Evaporative Cooling Systems." Energies 14, no. 13 (2021): 3946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133946.

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The present study reports the development of a deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) model for predicting the thermal performance of evaporative cooling systems, which are widely used for thermal comfort in different applications. The existing, conventional methods for the analysis of evaporation-assisted cooling systems rely on experimental, mathematical, and empirical approaches in order to determine their thermal performance, which limits their applications in diverse and ambient spatiotemporal conditions. The objective of this research was to predict the thermal performance of three e

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Okafor, Victor Chijioke. "Review on Evaporative Cooling Systems." Greener Journal of Science, Engineering and Technological Research 7, no. 1 (2017): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJSETR.2017.1.031817038.

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A review of evaporative cooling systems for air conditioning is presented. The concept, applications, and the factors affecting it were reported. The evaporative cooling systems are grouped into three broad categories, namely, the direct evaporative cooling system, the indirect evaporative cooling system and the combined evaporative cooling system. Also, studies aimed at determining the cooling pad selection and modelling of heat and mass transfer, overall energy balance, direct and indirect cooling was reviewed. Generally, evaporative cooling can be specially applied in dry and hot climates a

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Taler, Jan, Bartosz Jagieła, and Magdalena Jaremkiewicz. "Overview of the M-Cycle Technology for Air Conditioning and Cooling Applications." Energies 15, no. 5 (2022): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051814.

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The indirect evaporative cooler (IEC) has excellent potential to replace or improve conventional vapor compression equipment in HVAC and refrigeration applications. This could be achieved by using the M-cycle (dew-point evaporative cooling technology). This thermodynamic concept makes it possible to derive a large amount of energy from the air stream (as latent heat released during water evaporation into the working air stream) and use it for another air stream (product). Its application has also spread to other sectors, such as water desalination and distillation, power plants, or NOx reducti

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Ginzburg, Sivan, and Eliot Quataert. "Black widow evolution: magnetic braking by an ablated wind." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495, no. 4 (2020): 3656–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1304.

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ABSTRACT Black widows are close binary systems in which a millisecond pulsar is orbited by a companion, a few per cent the mass of the sun. It has been suggested that the pulsar’s rotationally powered γ-ray luminosity gradually evaporates the companion, eventually leaving behind an isolated millisecond pulsar. The evaporation efficiency is determined by the temperature Tch ∝ F2/3 to which the outflow is heated by the flux F on a dynamical time-scale. Evaporation is most efficient for companions that fill their Roche lobes. In this case, the outflow is dominated by a cap around the L1 point wit

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Parashar, Vishal Kumar, and Aditya Singh. "INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS – A REVIEW." International Journal of Technical Research & Science 04, no. 12 (2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30780/ijtrs.v04.i12.004.

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Erens, P. J., and A. A. Dreyer. "Modelling of indirect evaporative air coolers." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 36, no. 1 (1993): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(93)80062-y.

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Wang, Yiping, Liliang Shen, Luying Wang, et al. "An indirect evaporative heat pump system." Applied Thermal Engineering 121 (July 2017): 791–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.04.116.

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Cichoñ, Aleksandra, Anna Pacak, Demis Pandelidis, and Sergey Anisimov. "Application of the counter- and cross-flow indirect evaporative cooler for heat recovery under different climate conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 100 (2019): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910000010.

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This paper investigates the potential of applying an indirect evaporative cooler for heat recovery in air-conditioning system under various climate conditions. The counter- and cross-flow configurations of the indirect evaporative exchanger are addressed in this study in terms of their performance and applicability for different climate zones. Presented analyses are carried out with original ε-NTU model considering condensation from the product airflow and validated against experimental data. It was stated that both configurations of the indirect evaporative exchanger have a high application p

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Shevnina, Elena, Miguel Potes, Timo Vihma, Tuomas Naakka, Pankaj Ramji Dhote, and Praveen Kumar Thakur. "Evaporation over a glacial lake in Antarctica." Cryosphere 16, no. 8 (2022): 3101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3101-2022.

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Abstract. The study provides estimates of summertime evaporation over a glacial lake located in the Schirmacher oasis, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Lake Zub (alternately named Lake Priyadarshini and referred to throughout as Lake Zub/Priyadarshini) is the second-largest lake in the oasis, and its maximum depth is 6 m. The lake is also among the warmest glacial lakes in the oasis, and it is free of ice during almost 2 summer months. The summertime evaporation over the ice-free lake was measured using the eddy covariance method and estimated on the basis of five indirect methods (bulk-ae

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Singh, S. P., T. R. Tulsidasani, R. L. Sawhney, and M. S. Sodha. "Recent research on an indirect evaporative cooler. Part VI: evolution of design pattern for indirect evaporative cooler." International Journal of Energy Research 23, no. 7 (1999): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-114x(19990610)23:7<557::aid-er359>3.0.co;2-q.

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Zaidan, Maki, Fayadh Abed, and Ali Farhad. "The Effect of Dry and Wet Bulb Temperature Variation on the Performance of the Indirect Evaporative Cooler." vol (26(, No. (4) 26, no. 4 (2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.26.4.02.

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The research is about designing and building up an evaporative cooling system, working by two- stages evaporative cooling system using outer air (pure air). The system is founded by designing and making a heat exchanger of orthogonal flow from Aluminum sheets of (30*60*40) cm, which represents the first stage of the system (indirect stage). The second stage (direct stage) of the system is represented by making an equipment of air washing (cylindrical) with (45 height, 60 width, 3 thickness) cm. The cooling system pulls outer air by a Centrifugal fan. The air passes through the heat exchanger p

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Winaya, I. Nyoman Suprapta, Hendra Wijaksana, Made Sucipta, and Ainul Ghurri. "An Overview of Different Indirect and Semi-Indirect Evaporative Cooling System for Study Potency of Nanopore Skinless Bamboo as An Evaporative Cooling New Porous Material." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 79, no. 2 (2021): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.79.2.123130.

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The high energy consumption of compressor based cooling system has prompted the researchers to study and develop non-compressor based cooling system that less energy consumption, less environment damaging but still has high enough cooling performances. Indirect and semi indirect evaporative cooling system is the feasible non-compressor based cooling systems that can reach the cooling performance required. This two evaporative cooling system has some different in construction, porous material used, airflow scheme and secondary air cooling method used for various applications. This paper would r

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Wijaksana, Hendra, I. Nyoman Suprapta Winaya, Made Sucipta, and Ainul Ghurri. "An Overview of Different Indirect and Semi-Indirect Evaporative Cooling System for Study Potency of Nanopore Skinless Bamboo as An Evaporative Cooling New Porous Material." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 76, no. 3 (2020): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.76.3.109116.

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The high energy consumption of compressor-based cooling system has prompted the researchers to study and develop non-compressor-based cooling system that less energy consumption, less environment damaging but still has high enough cooling performances. Indirect and semi indirect evaporative cooling system is the feasible non-compressor-based cooling systems that can reach the cooling performance required. These two evaporative cooling systems has some different in construction, porous material used, airflow scheme and secondary air-cooling method used for various applications. This paper would

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Chernyshev, B., L. Jean-Korotkova, Y. Gurov, et al. "Charged Particles Evaporation in the Stopped Pion Absorption Reactions." KnE Energy 3, no. 1 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ken.v3i1.1720.

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In the present work we have analyzed evaporation spectra and yields of p,d,t formed in the reaction of stopped pion absorption. It is shown that the values of equilibrium temperature obtained through the usage of proposed model are in agreement with the values obtained in various other experiments. We also discuss the A-dependences of the evaporation yields and consider possible contributions of the “indirect” evaporation processes.

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Gorbachev, M., and V. Terekhov. "A comparative analysis of schemes of indirect evaporation type apparatuses." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2057, no. 1 (2021): 012130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2057/1/012130.

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Abstract In this paper, a comparative analysis of schemes of heat and mass transfer devices of indirect evaporation type is carried out. These devices are a family of plane-parallel channels, in one of which the evaporation of water film takes place. Mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer devices is based on solving a system of differential equations that represent the heat balance equations for each of the channels. Numerical studies are carried out in a wide range of input parameters: temperature t0 = 15÷50°C, relative air humidity ϕ0 = 20÷100%, and Reynolds number Re = 50÷1500. The

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Bhatkar, V. W. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MULTISTAGE INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLERS." JP Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 24, no. 1 (2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/hm024010069.

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José Alonso, J. F. San, F. J. Rey Martínez, E. Velasco Gómez, and M. A. Alvarez-Guerra Plasencia. "Simulation model of an indirect evaporative cooler." Energy and Buildings 29, no. 1 (1998): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7788(98)00014-0.

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Shahzad, Muhammad Wakil, Muhammad Burhan, Doskhan Ybyraiymkul, Seung Jin Oh, and Kim Choon Ng. "An improved indirect evaporative cooler experimental investigation." Applied Energy 256 (December 2019): 113934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113934.

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Herrero Martín, R. "Characterization of a semi-indirect evaporative cooler." Applied Thermal Engineering 29, no. 10 (2009): 2113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.09.008.

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Porumb, Bogdan, Paula Ungureşan, Lucian Fechete Tutunaru, Alexandru Şerban, and Mugur Bălan. "A Review of Indirect Evaporative Cooling Technology." Energy Procedia 85 (January 2016): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.12.228.

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Morselli, Nicolò, Michele Cossu, and Alberto Muscio. "Replacing batteries with water by an innovative evaporative cooling process for vehicle air conditioning." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1106, no. 1 (2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1106/1/012020.

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Abstract In plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles, the air conditioning system can absorb a significant fraction of the energy stored onboard in the battery pack, thus causing a decrease of the range, or the need of additional battery capacity with its associated mass and cost. An alternative to standard air conditioning systems is provided by evaporative cooling. This was used at the dawn of the automotive industry in the form of direct evaporative cooling, however it did not take hold due to the high relative humidity induced in the vehicle cabin by the supply of almost saturated air,

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