Relevant bibliographies by topics / Evaporative Coolers

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Evaporative Coolers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Evaporative Coolers"

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Kettleborough, C. F., D. G. Waugaman, and M. Johnson. "The Thermal Performance of the Cross-Flow Three-Dimensional Flat Plate Indirect Evaporative Cooler." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 114, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905939.

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Evaporative coolers consist of two main types: (a) the direct evaporative cooler in which water mixes with the air to be cooled; and (b) the indirect evaporative cooler in which water is sprayed into alternate passages cooling the secondary airflow, which in turns cools the primary flow which then passes to the building to be cooled. A three-dimensional numerical evaluation of the indirect cooler is given. Energy and mass balance equations are derived for the primary and secondary flows and the effectiveness is calculated for different variable inlet velocities and compared with experimental values.
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Pisal, Prof Mr N. S. "Design and Development of Solar Powered 360degree Automatic Air Cooler." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45370.

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Abstract: Evaporative coolers lower the temperature of air using the principle of evaporative cooling, unlike typical air conditioning systems which use vapor-compression refrigeration or absorption refrigerator. Evaporative cooling is the conversion of liquid water into vapor using the thermal energy in the air, resulting in a lower air temperature. The energy needed to evaporate the water is taken from the air in the form of sensible heat, which affects the temperature of the air, and converted into latent heat, the energy present in the water vapor component of the air, whilst the air remains at a constant enthalpy value. Vapor-compression refrigeration uses evaporative cooling, but the evaporated vapor is within a sealed system, and is then compressed ready to evaporate again, using energy to do so. Simple evaporative coolers water is evaporated into the environment, and not recovered. In an interior space cooling unit, the evaporated water is introduced into the space along with the now-cooled air; in an evaporative tower the evaporated water is carried off in the airflow exhaust. To Develop the Energy efficient, environment friendly direct evaporative air conditioning system having low operating cost suitable for hot and dry regions To Manufacture advanced 360-degree Rotating air cooler which rotates and provide air cooling in all directions. It can be used for domestic as well as Industrial applications. The temperature of dry air can be dropped significantly through the phase transition of liquid water to water vapor (evaporation). This can cool air using much less energy than refrigeration. In extremely dry climates, evaporative cooling of air has the added benefit of conditioning the air with more moisture for the comfort of building occupants
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Asemi, Hamidreza, Rahim Zahedi, and Sareh Daneshgar. "Theoretical analysis of the performance and optimization of indirect flat evaporative coolers." Future Energy 2, no. 1 (November 15, 2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55670/fpll.fuen.2.1.2.

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External-cooling indirect evaporative coolers with different configurations and working air sources are incomprehensively analyzed and compared so far. This paper investigates the mechanism and theory of operation of indirect flat-panel evaporative coolers based on X-analysis. Then, based on the second law of thermodynamics analysis, the entropy production rate of the flat-plate heat exchanger of the cooler is calculated. As a result of this analysis, the optimal energy efficiency-evaporation efficiency and cooling capacity values are presented in terms of effective parameters in the design.
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Yu, F. W., and K. T. Chan. "Application of Direct Evaporative Coolers for Improving the Energy Efficiency of Air-Cooled Chillers." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 3 (July 20, 2005): 430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1866144.

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This paper describes how direct evaporative coolers can be used to improve the energy efficiency of air-cooled chillers in various operating conditions and with different strategies for staging condenser fans. These coolers are installed in front of air-cooled condensers to precool outdoor air before entering the condensers. A simulation analysis on an air-cooled chiller equipped with a direct evaporative cooler showed that when head pressure control is used, the cooler enables the condensing temperature to drop by 2.1–6.2°C, resulting in a 1.4-14.4% decrease in chiller power and a 1.3–4.6% increase in the refrigeration effect. When the chiller with the cooler operates under condensing temperature control, where condenser effectiveness is enhanced by staging all condenser fans, there is a savings in chiller power of 1.3-4.3% in some operating conditions in which the drop in compressor power exceeds the additional condenser fan power due to the pressure drop across the cooler.
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Usmonov, N., Sh Sanayev, and Z. Yusupov. "CALCULATION OF TEMPERATURE OF ROUTINE WATER COOLED IN IRRIGATED LAYERS." Technical science and innovation 2019, no. 3 (September 18, 2019): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-01.19.3.-77-0036.

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The article describes the developed mathematical model, algorithm and program for calculating the process of cooling the water leaving the evaporative cooler and the final temperature of humid air. The compilation of a mathematical model is based on the analysis of literature data. Practically at all industrial enterprises, technological equipment is cooled by means of circulating water supply systems equipped with evaporative coolers. The article made a choice of a cooling system for air conditioning systems of residential premises. The developed basic design scheme of the evaporative water and air cooler with the irrigated layer is presented, as well as the estimated thermal and material balance. One of the main elements of these devices is a heat-mass transfer nozzle - sprinkler. This article presents the results of mathematical modeling of processes occurring in the volume of the sprinkler evaporator chamber, Raschig rings composed of vertical polymeric materials. Expressions are obtained for determining the values of air temperature based on the calculation of thermal modeling of the process of cooling circulating water in evaporative coolers of the type in question.
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Johnson, R. S. "The Theory and Operation of Evaporative Coolers for Industrial Gas Turbine Installations." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240257.

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This paper discusses the theory of evaporative cooling and describes the application of wetted rigid media evaporative coolers to gas turbines. Calculations of parameters used to predict evaporative cooler performance are included. Also included are discussions of evaporative cooler design, installation, operation, feedwater quality, and the causes and prevention of water carry-over.
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Sun, Tiezhu, Xiaojun Huang, Caihang Liang, Riming Liu, and Xiang Huang. "Prediction and Analysis of Dew Point Indirect Evaporative Cooler Performance by Artificial Neural Network Method." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 25, 2022): 4673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134673.

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The artificial neural network method has been widely applied to the performance prediction of fillers and evaporative coolers, but its application to the dew point indirect evaporative coolers is rare. To fill this research gap, a novel performance prediction model for dew point indirect evaporative cooler based on back propagation neural network was established using Matlab2018. Simulation based on the test date in the moderately humid region of Yulin City (Shaanxi Province, China) finds that: the root mean square error of the evaporation efficiency of the back propagation model is 3.1367, and the r2 is 0.9659, which is within the acceptable error range. However, the relative error of individual data (sample 7) is a little bit large, which is close to 10%. In order to improve the accuracy of the back propagation model, an optimized model based on particle swarm optimization was established. The relative error of the optimized model is generally smaller than that of the BP neural network especially for sample 7. It is concluded that the optimized artificial neural network is more suitable for solving the performance prediction problem of dew point indirect evaporative cooling units.
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Jafari Nasr, Mohammad Reza, and R. Behfar. "ENHANCED EVAPORATIVE FLUID COOLERS." Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer 19, no. 2 (2012): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jenhheattransf.2012001683.

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Asghar, Usama, Muzaffar Ali, Danyal Iqbal, Muhammad Ali, and Muhammad Hassan Ameer. "Numerical Analysis of dew point Indirect Evaporative Cooler." MATEC Web of Conferences 381 (2023): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202338101007.

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An indirect evaporative cooler that uses a Maisotsenko (M) Cycle has the potential to be a green and sustainable solution for managing a building’s cooling demand since it can attain sub-wet bulb temperature without humidification. This study presents the design and simulation analysis of a crossflow indirect evaporative cooler using the COMSOL Multiphysics software for various ambient conditions. The cooler’s performance was evaluated by varying the inlet air temperatures. The analysis was conducted using numerical simulations, and the outcomes were compared with experimental data. The simulation results demonstrated that the cooler could achieve significant temperature reductions at a minor energy consumption as compared to traditional air conditioning systems. This study delivers that this system reduces the temperature of inlet air up to 22°C as well as cooling capacity and coefficient of performance values are 3.699 kW and 27.40. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of crossflow indirect evaporative coolers as an energy-efficient alternative to conventional air conditioning systems.
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Murodov, J. N. "Metrological characteristics of solar evaporative coolers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2373, no. 5 (December 1, 2022): 052023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2373/5/052023.

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Abstract The metrological characteristics such as the temperature and relative humidity of the cooled air in solar evaporative coolers in the form of an umbrella or awning are experimentally investigated in the work. Hygroscopic material was used for evaporative cooling. The results are compared with the data obtained from the waterproof material. They allow us to conclude that solar evaporative cooling is promising as an ecologically pure method for cooling air in open areas under canopies.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Evaporative Coolers"

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Dreyer, Andre Alexis. "Analysis of evaporative coolers and condensers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/66038.

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Thesis (MEng.) -- Stellenbosch University, 1988.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this report various mathematical models for the thermal evaluation of evaporative coolers and condensers are presented. These models range from the exact model based on the work by Poppe [84P01] to the simplified logarithmic models based on the work of McAdams [54Mcl] and Mizushina et al. [67MI1], [68MI1]. Various computer programs were written to perform rating and selection calculations on cross-flow and counterflow evaporative coolers and condensers. Experimental tests were conducted on a cross-flow evaporative cooler to determine the governing heat and mass transfer coefficients. The experimentally determined coefficients were cqrrelated and these correlations are compared to the existing correlations. The two-phase pressure drop across the tube bundle was also measured and a correlation for two-phase pressure drop across a tube bundle is presented.
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Giacomelli, Gene, and Kathryn Hahne. "Evaporative Cooling in Semi-Arid Climates." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146294.

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In the semi-arid climate of southern AZ, evaporative cooling systems are commonly used and very effective for cooling homes (swamp coolers), outdoor areas (misters), and for greenhouses used for commercial and horticultural plant production (pad-and-fan, high-pressure-fog). The purpose of this brochure is to educate users about strategies they can employ to save water and improve the performance of evaporative cooling systems. Principles of operation, a list of advantages and disadvantages, and a comparison of common systems is also included, to help users decide the best system for them.
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Karpiscak, Martin, and Mary H. Marion. "Evaporative Cooler Water Use." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146414.

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Gustafsson, Katarina, and Hanna Simson. "An experimental study on an evaporative cooler for hot rural areas." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190180.

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In developing countries about 40 % of the food-waste is due to post-harvest losses, such as improper storage. The Zeer-pot is an evaporative cooler, which cools the inside by convective heat transfer, and can be used to keep fruits and vegetables fresh longer. This is typically convenient in hot rural areas without access to electricity and is more efficient in non-humid areas. This study will investigate if there is a correlation between the temperature decrease inside the pot and the wind velocity, how the efficiency of the Zeer-pot is affected by hanging it in the air to additionally expose the underside to the airflow and also how the efficiency is affected from glazing of the inner pot, to prevent the food from getting damaged from high humidity. It will also consider the feasibility of combining the Zeer-pot with a solar dryer, also to improve its efficiency. The evaporation is increased by higher wind velocity due to forced convection. A solar dryer can create an airflow when the heated air rises along the surface of the solar collector and creates a temperature difference between the upper and the lower part. A design for a solar dryer that could be appropriately integrated with a Zeer-pot to achieve a greater airflow around it is modelled in CAD and presented. The tests on the pots took place in a climate chamber where the ambient temperature was controllable. In the climate chamber a fan and a dehumidifier was installed in order to create wanted conditions. One pot was tested only for wind velocities and the other only for the cases of the pot hanging in the air and being glazed on the inside. A reference case was designed and tested for the second pot in order to compare the glazed and hanging pot in the same conditions. The relative humidity was not controllable in this setup, and thereof a way to compare these results was to calculate the final temperature the pot achieved relative to the lowest possible theoretical temperature, the wet bulb temperature. For the first pot an almost linear correlation between the time it took to reach the final temperature depending on the wind velocities could be observed, apart from two values. A rather nice coherent curve, also apart from two values, was found for how close to the wet bulb temperature the final temperature was depending on the wind velocity. For the second pot the cooling capacity was enhanced for both the hanging construction and the glazed pot. For the hanging pot this was expected, but for the glazed one it was not. If a solar dryer is combined with the Zeer-pot, a wind velocity around 3-3.5 m/s is guaranteed to improve the Zeer-pots cooling capacity. A lower wind velocity could probably make a large difference too, but the experiments in this study is insufficient to make any conclusions.
I utvecklingsländer beror cirka 40 % av matavfallet på förluster efter skörd, till exempel felaktig förvaring. En Zeer-pot är en evaporativ kylare som kyls med hjälp av konvektion och kan användas för att öka livslängden på frukter och grönsaker. Den är användbar i områden utan tillgång till elektricitet där klimatet är varmt och behovet för kylning är stort. Kyleffekten förbättras i ett klimat med låg luftfuktighet. Denna studie kommer att undersöka om det finns ett samband, mellan temperatursänkningen och vindhastigheten. Ett sätt att förbättra kyleffekten skulle kunna vara att konstruera någon form av stöd för att göra det möjligt för krukan att hänga i luften, detta för att även undersidan ska utsättas för luftflödet. För att inte låta fukten som skapas vid evaporationen komma in i innerkrukan där maten förvaras kan innersidan glaseras. Hur mycket dessa justeringar kommer att påverka kylkapaciteten undersöks också i denna studie. Krukan kyls med hjälp av evaporation av vatten och denna ökar vid en högre vindhastighet på grund av påtvingad konvektion. Ett sätt att skapa ett större luftflöde runt krukan är att integrera en soltork med den så kallade Zeer-poten. Soltorken skapar ett luftflöde då en temperaturskillnad mellan den övre och den undre delen får värmen att stiga upp från ytan av solfångaren. En hypotetisk modell av en lämplig soltork modelleras i CAD och presenteras. För att se en korrelation för hur ökade vindhastigheter påverkar temperatursänkningen i grader och hur fort sluttemperaturen uppnås gjordes tester på samma kruka i så i övrigt konstanta förhållanden som praktiskt var möjligt. Testen för de olika krukorna ägde rum i en klimatkammare där luftens temperatur gick att kontrollera. En fläkt och en avfuktare var installerade. Den ena krukan testades för fallet med olika vindhastigheter och den andra för den upphängda krukan och för glaseringen på insidan. Ett referensfall gjordes även för att jämföra den andra krukans två fall separat. Den relativa fuktigheten gick inte att kontrollera i klimat-kammaren och därav fick resultaten jämföras genom en framräknad procentsats. Procentsatsen visade hur långt testets sluttemperatur hade sjunkit i förhållande till den våta temperaturen. En nästan linjär korrelation, med undantag för två värden, mellan tiden det tog att nå sluttemperaturen i förhållande till vindhastigheten kunde observeras. Ett tydligt samband, också undantaget från två värden, kunde observeras mellan den våta temperaturen och den uppnådda temperaturen för olika hastigheter. För den andra krukan ökade kylkapaciteten för både den hängande konstruktionen samt den glaserade krukan. Det var väntat för den hängande konstruktionen, men inte för den glaserade. Om en soltork kombineras med Zeer-poten i syfte att märkbart förbättra dess kylkapacitet, skulle ett luftflöde med en vindhastighet kring 3-3,5 m/s garanterat fungera. Lägre vindhastigheter lär även de kunna påverka krukan nästan lika mycket, men tyvärr är resultaten från experimenten inte tillräckliga för att dra några slutsatser om detta.
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Sarjito. "An investigation of the design and performance of a multi-stage downdraught evaporative cooler." Thesis, Kingston University, 2012. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/23728/.

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The aims of the research work described in this thesis were to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the factors affecting the performance of a multi-stage downdraught evaporative cooling device for low-energy cooling of buildings developed from a novel prototype device described by Erell et al. (2008) and Pearlmutter et al. (2008); and to model and explore the performance of the device when integrated within a hypothetical, but representative, building in a hot dry climate. The research work was carried out with initial objectives of: understanding and modelling water spray evaporation using CFD methods; verifying the CFD model of water spray evaporation using published experimental data; modelling and examining the spray characteristics of the nozzles used in the work by Erell et al. and Pearlmutter et al.; creating a detail model of the prototype multi-stage downdraught evaporative cooling device described by Erell et al. and Pearlmutter et al.; carrying out a series of CFD simulations of the prototype device under wind-driven operation with and without water sprays and comparing the results obtained with available experimental data. Following completion of these initial studies, a detailed investigation of the factors affecting the performance of a multi-stage cooling device derived from the prototype device was carried out. This involved carrying out simulations: to select the most effective wind catcher geometry; to optimize the number and arrangement of water spray nozzles; and to select a range of geometrical parameters. Following completion of these additional studies a model of a two-floor hypothetical building with an integrated multi-stage downdraught evaporative cooling device of optimum geometry and a wind catcher was created, and simulations to investigate the performance under varying wind speeds and environmental conditions were carried out. All simulations were carried out using ANSYS CFX, versions 12.0, or 12.1 or 13.0. The results obtained indicated that comfortable conditions within the cooled space could be achieved over almost all of the range the wind speeds and environmental conditions studied. Some recommendations for future work are given.
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Cowger, Ashlin Elaine. "Bioaerosols Associated with Evaporative Cooler Use in Low-Income Homes in Semi-Arid Climates." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8571.

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Asthma is the leading chronic illness in children in the United States. Since children in the U.S. spend a majority of their time indoors there is an increased need to understand key sources of daily asthma triggers in the home. Bacterial endotoxin, dust mite allergens and β-D-glucan have been shown to be potent inducers of asthma attacks, and high levels of these allergens in homes can trigger attacks in those with asthma. We aim to better understand the risks to those with asthma that might be associated with evaporative cooler (EC) use in low-income homes. ECs are often promoted because of their low energy consumption and decreased environmental impact compared to central air conditioning (AC). Because of their lower cost, ECs are more widely used in low-income homes. ECs use evaporation to cool the air, which leads to higher indoor relative humidity. This may create an ecological niche for house dust mites in semi-arid climates where they are normally absent. EC sump water also provides an ideal environment for bacteria and fungi to grow, possibly resulting in EC loading the air with more potential asthma triggers than central air conditioning. We sampled low-income homes around Utah county with central air and evaporative cooling and tested them for the presence of dust mite allergens, β-D-glucan and endotoxin. There were significantly higher levels of endotoxins and β-(1→3)-D-glucans in the EC homes compared to the AC homes, with increased odds of dust mite allergen prevalence but not at clinically significant levels. These findings suggest that in semi-arid environments, endotoxin and β-(1→3)-D-glucan levels in homes with evaporative coolers are more elevated than dust mite allergens.
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Fly, Ashley. "Thermal and water management of evaporatively cooled fuel cell vehicles." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19484.

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Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) present a promising alternative to the conventional internal combustion engine for automotive applications because of zero harmful exhaust emissions, fast refuelling times and possibility to be powered by hydrogen generated through renewable energy. However, several issues need to be addressed before the widespread adoption of PEMFCs, one such problem is the removal of waste heat from the fuel cell electrochemical reaction at high ambient temperatures. Automotive scale fuel cells are most commonly liquid cooled, evaporative cooling is an alternative cooling method where liquid water is added directly into the fuel cell flow channels. The liquid water evaporates within the flow channel, both cooling and humidifying the cell. The evaporated water, along with some of the product water, is then condensed from the fuel cell exhaust, stored, and re-used in cooling the fuel cell. This work produces a system level model of an evaporatively cooled fuel cell vehicle suitable for the study of water balance and heat exchanger requirements across steady state operation and transient drive cycles. Modelling results demonstrate the ability of evaporatively cooled fuel cells to self regulate temperature within a narrow region (±2°C) across a wide operating range, provided humidity is maintained within the flow channels through sufficient liquid water addition. The heat exchanger requirements to maintain a self sufficient water supply are investigated, demonstrating that overall heat exchange area can be reduced up to 40% compared to a liquid cooled system due to the presence of phase change within the vehicle radiator improving heat transfer coefficients. For evaporative cooling to remain beneficial in terms of heat exchange area, over 90% of the condensed liquid water needs to be extracted from the exhaust stream. Experimental tests are conducted to investigate the condensation of water vapour from a saturated air stream in a compact plate heat exchanger with chevron flow enhancements. Thermocouples placed within the condensing flow allow the local heat transfer coefficient to be determined and an empirical correlation obtained. The corresponding correlation is used to produce a heat exchanger model and study the influence different heat exchanger layouts have on the overall required heat transfer area for an evaporatively cooled fuel cell vehicle. A one-dimensional, non-isothermal model is also developed to study the distribution of species, current density and temperature along the flow channel of an evaporatively cooled fuel cell using different methods of liquid water addition. Results show that good performance can be achieved with cathode inlet humidities as low as 20%, although some anode liquid water addition may be required at high current densities due to increased electro-osmotic drag. It is also demonstrated that both good membrane hydration and temperature regulation can be managed by uniform addition of liquid water across the cell to maintain a target exhaust relative humidity.
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Amer, Omar. "A heat pipe and porous ceramic based sub wet-bulb temperature evaporative cooler : a theoretical and experimental study." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43343/.

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Worldwide energy demand in buildings represents about 40-50% of the total energy consumption. In hot climates, such as Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, about 30% of the national power demand is used for HVAC applications in buildings. This has led to escalation in power demand in buildings for indoor air-cooling and high energy bills. This is exacerbated further by the widespread adoption of energy intensive and commercially dominant vapour compression air conditioning systems as the technology of choice. This research aims to address the potential of novel designs of evaporative cooling systems for space cooling and thermal comfort in buildings with reduced water and energy consumption, and low environmental impact as an alternative to vapour compression where climatically is suitable. High water consumption rates and low cooling effectiveness are some of the issues affecting the performance of existing Indirect Evaporative Coolers (IEC). A new configuration of IEC combining heat pipe heat exchanger and porous ceramic tubes is investigated in this work. The proposed cooler configuration is based on the concept of regenerative IEC system, this system incorporates heat pipes as passive heat transfer elements and porous ceramic tubes as wet medium mounted on the condenser side of the exchanger. The design of the cooler was carried out with consideration for size of the airflows channels, heat pipes for heat transfer, and porous ceramic tubes properties for water evaporation. A mathematical formulation of heat and mass transfer equations was used to develop a computer model to design and optimise the cooling system. Furthermore, a test rig was built to test a laboratory scale cooling unit, evaluate the performance and validate the simulation. The simulation results reveal that the Wet-bulb (WB) effectiveness of the cooler ranged from 0.524 to 1.053, the COP ranged from 6.33 to 17.01, and water consumption rates of the cooler were around 0.875-1.55 (l/kWh) of cooling capacity. Whereas, the experimental performance parameters of the cooler show the WB effectiveness was in the range of 0.422-0.908 for all test conditions, the COP was 4.62-13.16, and water consumption rates varied 0.841-2.82 (l/kWh) of cooling capacity. A good agreement was obtained between the experiments data and numerical results, the maximum errors between measured and computed results was around 3.94% and 4.51% of supply air temperature and humidity, respectively, while the discrepancy was in the range of 8.67-12.90% of the WB effectiveness. The impact of operational and design parameters on the cooler performance was evaluated in a parametric study using the developed numerical model. It was found that increasing the inlet air temperature, decreasing the inlet air flow rate, and/or increasing the working-to-inlet air flow ratio, results in improving the effectiveness and supply air temperature. Whereas, increasing the inlet air wet-bulb temperature depression, increasing the inlet air flow rate, and/or minimising the working-to-inlet air flow ratio leads to enhancing the cooling output and COP of the cooler. Additionally, increasing the thickness and/or the radius of ceramic tube causes a decline of cooler thermal performance. Therefore, it is recommended to operate the cooler at inlet air velocity of 2-2.5 m⁄s, 50% flow ratio of working-to-inlet air, and inlet air relative humidity below 35% for best results of supply air temperature, WB effectiveness, and COP. Whereas, for desert climate conditions, it is recommended to increase the number of heat pipe rows to 20 to insure sufficient cooling effectivity and performance that meet comfort levels. Finally, a brief economic assessment of the cooler annual operational performance for a case study was carried out, this IEC system provide sufficient cooling effectiveness to the conditioned space with significantly low power consumption compared to traditional air conditioner with annual saving of 77.60% of operational costs, and also substantially contribute to minimise CO2 emissions by saving about 86% of electricity consumption.
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Martinez-Tamayo, Federico. "The impact of evaporatively cooled turbine blades on gas turbine performance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47385.

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Benson, Paul Alan. "Analysis of low-pressure evaporatively cooled polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34098.

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The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is being proposed for a number of power generation systems. With regard to replacing conventional technologies, they offer many advantages including quiet operation with low emissions. However, the key issue for the success of fuel cell system will be a superior operational efficiency. The associated subsystems for controlling fuel cell stack thermal and water management contribute significantly to the reduction in stack weight and volume and increase the associated operational parasitic losses. In this thesis a novel fuel cell operational method has been proposed which utilises a combined humidification and cooling mechanism based on the direct injection of liquid water to the cathode flow-field. Several analyses were performed to investigate critical issues for the workable concept of such an EC, or evaporatively cooled, fuel cell system.
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Books on the topic "Evaporative Coolers"

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American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Method of testing direct evaporative air coolers. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 2001.

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Stay Cooler 4 Less Money: Top Questions About Evaporative / Swamp Coolers. Abundant Press, 2014.

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Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun, Daniel Ingo Hefft, T. S. Workneh, and Duncan Onyango Mbuge. Engineering Principles, Modelling and Economics of Evaporative Coolers. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2022.

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Workneh, TS, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Daniel Ingo Hefft, and Duncan Onyango Mbuge. Engineering Principles, Modelling and Economics of Evaporative Coolers. Academic Press, 2022.

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Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun, Daniel Ingo Hefft, T. S. Workneh, and Duncan Onyango Mbuge. Evaporative Coolers for the Postharvest Management of Fruits and Vegetables. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2022.

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Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun, Daniel Ingo Hefft, T. S. Workneh, and Duncan Onyango Mbuge. Evaporative Coolers for the Postharvest Management of Fruits and Vegetables. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2022.

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Method of Testing Direct Evaporative Air Coolers (A S H R a E Standards, 133-2001). Amer Society of Heating, 2001.

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Method of Test for Rating Indirect Evaporative Coolers (A S H R a E Standards, 143-2000). Amer Society of Heating, 2000.

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Galpin, Larry. Easy Cooler Care: A Self Help Guide to Servicing and Repairing Your Evaporative Cooler. Galpin's Goodies Publishing, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Evaporative Coolers"

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Watt, John R. "Other Small Evaporative Coolers." In Evaporative Air Conditioning Handbook, 131–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2259-7_8.

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Watt, John R. "Commercial Direct Evaporative Coolers." In Evaporative Air Conditioning Handbook, 146–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2259-7_9.

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Watt, John R. "Air Washer Evaporate Coolers." In Evaporative Air Conditioning Handbook, 174–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2259-7_11.

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Watt, John R. "The Rigid-Media Coolers." In Evaporative Air Conditioning Handbook, 185–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2259-7_12.

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Watt, John R. "Drip-Type Direct Evaporative Coolers." In Evaporative Air Conditioning Handbook, 90–106. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2259-7_6.

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Lin, Jie, and Kian Jon Chua. "Modeling of Dew-Point Evaporative Coolers." In Indirect Dew-Point Evaporative Cooling: Principles and Applications, 53–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30758-4_4.

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Lin, Jie, and Kian Jon Chua. "Engineering of Dew-Point Evaporative Coolers." In Indirect Dew-Point Evaporative Cooling: Principles and Applications, 25–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30758-4_3.

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Pacak, Anna, Demis Pandelidis, and Sergey Anisimov. "Precooling in Desiccant Cooling Systems with Application of Different Indirect Evaporative Coolers." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 16–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19756-8_2.

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Watt, John R. "Drip Cooler Progress." In Evaporative Air Conditioning Handbook, 107–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2259-7_7.

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Watt, John R. "Direct Evaporative Cooler Installation." In Evaporative Air Conditioning Handbook, 302–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2259-7_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Evaporative Coolers"

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Bandgar, Swapnil S., and Suhas D. Jagtap. "Experimental Investigation of Evaporative Hybrid Water Cooler." In National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.118.17.

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The water cooler is a device which cools and dispenses water which is used to provide easy access to drinking water. The water coolers which are currently available in the market are works on the concept of VCR (Vapour Compression Refrigeration) System. These water coolers consume high electric power almost 250-350W, these systems also have huge impacts on the ecosystem due to CFC and HCFC emissions. Best alternative for existing VCR based water cooler is the system of evaporative cooling with thermoelectric cooler having affordable cost and eco-friendly. Hybrid water cooler works on the principle of evaporative cooling and Thermoelectric cooling, which provides cold water, hot water and it works as an Air cooler also. Evaporative cooling works on concept of evaporation of water and rate of evaporation is totally depending on humidity of surrounded air. By using evaporative cooling obtain the temperature difference of 8-10°C. During the hot day, the temperature of water in the water tank would be 40°C, then the evaporative cooling alone will not be sufficient to cool the water to 22°C, which is ideal temperature of water for drinking purpose. So, thermoelectric module works on principle of Peltier effect which can produce the temperature difference across its surfaces on applying potential difference across its terminals. As the thermoelectric module produce the temperature difference up to 40°C across its surface, it can easily cool the water to 20°C. More than 60% energy could be obtained by this system in comparison with respect to existing VCR based cooler, so this system can be used as an eco- friendly and cost effective.
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McNeilly, J. Douglas. "Application of Evaporative Coolers for Gas Turbine Power Plants." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0303.

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The functioning of evaporative coolers is based on the thermodynamic process called adiabatic saturation. It involves spraying a mist or fog of water into the air-stream entering a gas turbine; thereby saturating the air with water vapor before it enters the compressor. The evaporation of these water droplets takes energy out of the air thus reducing the inlet temperature to approximately the ambient wet bulb temperature. Gas turbines generally loose power when the inlet air temperature increases. Because of the temperature reduction caused by the saturation process, the use of evaporative coolers can increase power output of gas turbine power plants. The proper application of these devices requires the correct understanding of a) the basis of the site capacity requirement, b) the functioning of evaporative coolers, c) the use of statistical weather data, and d) site weather variations on both a daily and long term basis. It is frequently thought that evaporative coolers are not useful unless the site has near desert weather conditions. This is far from the truth. Depending on the contractual requirements to provide capacity, evaporative coolers can be justified for relatively humid sites as well as for the drier locations. Average or high temperatures in combination with an average or high relative humidity are frequently used in evaluating the application of evaporative coolers, even though they may lead to a very misleading combination of weather parameters. The value of evaporative coolers is discussed as well as a method for correctly evaluating the use of evaporative coolers with examples at four locations around the world.
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Comino, Francisco, María Jesús Romero-Lara, and Manuel Ruiz de Adana. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Regenerative Indirect Evaporative Coolers." In Innovations-Sustainability-Modernity-Openness Conference. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009021.

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Tavakoli, Ehsan, and Reza Hosseini. "Thermally Developing 3D Cross Flow Between Cross Corrugated Parallel Plates in Evaporative Coolers." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24570.

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The 3D cross flow between parallel corrugated plates with perpendicular directions of corrugation is numerically modeled as a laminar, incompressible, steady flow. The present work tries to investigate the thermally developing characteristics of the flow in this type of geometry, in the case of constant temperature on walls. The main emphasis is on introducing correlations for saturation efficiency and simply modeling the evaporation process within evaporative coolers with such geometries. The applied numerical method is the Chorin’s artificial incompressibility method and finite difference discretization is used to model the Navier-Stokes and energy equations in a structured mesh. The results show that saturation efficiency decreases with increase in Reynolds number. This also depends on the depth of evaporative media along the flow direction. Increasing the number of waves along the flow direction, results higher saturation efficiencies and also more pressure drop. For a specific saturation efficiency, the overall pressure drop decreases at higher amplitude to wavelength ratios. Also the overall pressure drop grows as the depth of the domain increases. The same trend is observed for experimental data of commercial evaporative pads.
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Maisotsenko, Valeriy, and Ilya Reyzin. "The Maisotsenko Cycle for Electronics Cooling." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73283.

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The Maisotsenko Cycle (M-Cycle) combines heat exchange and evaporative cooling [1–3] in an effective indirect evaporative cooling process resulting in product flow temperature approaching incoming air dew point (not wet bulb) temperature. Thermodynamically, the M-Cycle is based on air precooling before passing through the heat rejection water evaporating area, so the difference between the enthalpy of the air at its dew point temperature and the same air saturated at a higher temperature is used to provide cooling capacity to reject the heat, for example from the electronics. Today Delphi Corp and Coolerado Inc. are working on producing M-Cycle based heat- and mass exchangers for the Coolerado Coolers™ used in air conditioning. Other market applications, including electronics cooling, are being considered as well. A broad range of the cooling capacity (for example, from 10 W to 50 kW and more) could be obtained from the coolers utilizing M-Cycle. Due to superior thermodynamic process, M-Cycle based air coolers have a very high Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER). As per National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the average cooling capacity of Coolerado Coolers™ have EER more than 45; relatively to EER equal 13 for the best conventional air coolers. The M-cycle is much more efficient than any other heat rejection/recovery cycle, and the Coolerado Cooler™, as a single air cooling device has better specific characteristics (cooling capacity, air pressure drop, power consumption, etc.) than any existing coolers. Unlike traditional vapor compression, absorption, or thermoelectric refrigeration systems, where increase of air inlet temperature dramatically reduces cooling capacity, the M-Cycle based unit cooling capacity goes up with air inlet temperature rise. M-cycle based device similar to Coolerado Cooler™ can also cool any fluid to the temperature approaching the dew point temperature of incoming air without using compressor and refrigerant. That can revolutionize the electronics cooling market. The Coolerado Cooler was recognized by the prestigious R&D 100 Awards program as one of 2004’s most technologically significant products introduced to the world.
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Dan, Zhang, and Zhao Wei. "Experimental study on simplified thermo-technical calculation for evaporative coolers." In 2011 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Computing, Control and Industrial Engineering (CCIE 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccieng.2011.6008030.

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McCabe, Joseph. "PV Operated HVAC for Southwest States." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99137.

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This report analyzes energy usage and associated utility capacity requirements for compressor based air-conditioning compared to evaporative cooling supplied by electricity from photovoltaics (PV). Two novel scenarios are presented, two stage evaporative coolers with grid tied PV, and two stage evaporated coolers supplied with direct current (DC) electricity from PV. The two scenarios are complimentary; where a grid tied system can tap DC for air-conditioning purposes (see Figure 1). 8% PV system gains can be achieved by eliminating the inverter for powering such a DC heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. A PV system directly coupled to high efficiency evaporative cooler can remove the air-conditioner peak demand from a utilities load profile. Typical cities energy comparisons are presented. Incentive and public goods programs are not necessarily designed for this optimized, direct utilization of DC approach.
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Zadpoor, Amir Abbas, and Ali Asadi Nikooyan. "Development of an Improved Desiccant-Based Evaporative Cooling System for Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50258.

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The evaporative inlet cooling systems used for inlet cooling of gas turbines during hot summers do not work well in humid areas. However, desiccant wheels can be used to dehumidify the air before passing it trough the evaporative cooler. Since the desiccant wheels work adiabatically, the resulting air is hotter than the air introduced to the wheel and an evaporative cooling system is used to cool down the dehumidified air. Combined direct and indirect evaporative coolers have been already used to investigate the effects of dehumidification on the effectiveness of the evaporation cooling systems. It is shown that a single desiccant wheel does not offer much higher effectiveness compared to the multiple-stage evaporative systems. In this paper, an improved version of the desiccant inlet cooling system is presented. Additional dehumidification and indirect evaporative cooling stages are added to increase the effectiveness of the inlet cooling. A typical gas turbine cycle along with an industrial gas turbine with actual performance curves are used to simulate the thermal cycle in presence of the different inlet cooling systems. The simulations are carried out for three different climatic conditions. The improved and original desiccant-based systems are compared and it is shown that the added stages substantially improve the effectiveness of the desiccant-based inlet cooling.
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Gillan, Leland, and Valeriy Maisotsenko. "Maisotsenko Open Cycle Used for Gas Turbine Power Generation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38080.

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The Maisotsenko Open Cycle combines the thermodynamic processes of heat exchange and evaporative cooling in a unique indirect evaporative cooler resulting in product temperatures that approach the dew point temperature, (not the wet bulb temperature) of the working gas. It is an open thermodynamic cycle utilizing several thermodynamic processes that cools a product fluid with a liquid evaporating into a gas, generally water evaporating into air from the atmosphere and returns it to the atmosphere. It is a new cycle as no other cycle can be diagramed in the same way on the psychrometric chart of a gas. In a gas turbine, the gas is air and evaporate is water. An atmospheric pressure heat and mass exchanger operating with the Maisotsenko Cycle can be used to cool compressor inlet air below the wet bulb temperature. In a high-pressure heat and mass exchanger the cycle can create a compressed air saturator using heat from the turbine exhaust gases and also cools water for heat recovery in a compressor inter-cooler. The same saturator will humidify and/or superheat the compressed air before entering a combustor to the amount desired. From a practical stand point the limit of humidification of the compressed air is the amount of heat available at a temperature above its dew point temperature from the exhaust gas and/or intercompressor coolers. The amount of superheating or humidifying of the compressed air is easily controlled and changed during operation allowing added power, or greater efficiency, (60% overall thermal efficiency) quickly and easily. The equipment uses existing shell and tube heat exchanger or plate heat exchangers technologies. There are many other benefits ranging from lower NOx to greatly reduced equipment cost compared to any other power cycle enhancement systems.
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Takara, Ezra, Ike Hsu, and Bozhidar Evtimov. "Testing Two High Heat Flux Liquid Nitrogen Jet Impingement Evaporative Coolers." In 42nd AIAA Thermophysics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3487.

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Reports on the topic "Evaporative Coolers"

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Sahai, Rashmi, Nihar Shah, and Amol Phadke. Addressing Water Consumption of Evaporative Coolers with Greywater. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1223004.

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Huang, Y. J., J. W. Hanford, and H. F. Wu. Preliminary evaluation of the performance, water use, and current application trends of evaporative coolers in California climates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10159978.

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Parker, Danny S., John R. Sherwin, and Richard Raustad. Improving Best Air Conditioner Efficiency by 20-30% through a High Efficiency Fan and Diffuser Stage Coupled with an Evaporative Condenser Pre-Cooler. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1130754.

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