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Journal articles on the topic 'Evaporimeter'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Browne, Christopher L., and Thomas W. Cook. "686 PB 230 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MINIATURE PAN EVAPORIMETER FOR GAUGING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND EFFECTIVE RAINFALL." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 531b—531. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.531b.

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Knowledge of the current irrigation requirement of well-watered grass provides the basis for efficient scheduling of turf and landscape irrigation. A portable, miniature pan evaporimeter has been developed to conveniently provide this information for localized micro-climates. The underlying equation for the instrument is: IRnet = (Kpan • Epan - Kpan • R) where IRnet is the net irrigation requirement of healthy, non-stressed grass; Kpan is the pan coefficient for the instrument; Epan is accumulative pan evaporation; Kpan • Epan is “reference evapotranspiration”; and Kpan • R is a measure of effective rainfall received. This equation was established using turfgrass sites located throughout the Pacific Northwest over a 3-year period. The sites were in proximity to U.S. Class “A” pan evaporimeters, and were automatically irrigated using moisture sensors. Tests of the miniature evaporimeter against automated meteorological stations have determined the factors that influence its pan coefficient, and therefore its ultimate design.

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2

Jacobs, A. F. G., N. J. Bink, and R. Williams. "Evaporation data from a capillary evaporimeter." Journal of Hydrology 86, no. 1-2 (1986): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90008-9.

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3

Messing, Ingmar. "A simple practical evaporimeter: Comparison of Andersson evaporimeter with class a pan, piche atmometer, and penman evaporation." Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 12, no. 3 (1998): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15324989809381516.

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4

Barthakur, Nayana N. "The β-ray gauge as an evaporimeter". International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes 36, № 2 (1985): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-708x(85)90237-6.

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5

Rutter, Nicholas. "The Evaporimeter and Emotional Sweating in the Neonate." Clinics in Perinatology 12, no. 1 (1985): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-5108(18)30885-6.

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6

Kohu, Mojmír, Jaroslav Rožnovský, and Grazyna Knozová. "Comparison of actual evaporation from water surface measured by GGI-3000 evaporimeter with values calculated by the Penman equation." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 44, no. 3 (2014): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/congeo-2015-0003.

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Abstract Information about water evaporation is essential for the calculation of water balance. Evaporation, however, is a very complex physical process and it is therefore difficult to quantify. Evaporation measurements from the weather station network of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute between 1968 and 2011 were performed using the evaporimeter GGI-3000. Evaporation was calculated using modified standard method based on FAO. The aim of the article was to compare the measured values and calculations. It has been found that the evaporation values from water surface calculated using the empirical equation are usually higher than the measured values by on average 0.8 mm, in extreme cases even 6.9 mm. The measured data shows higher variability than the calculated values, which means that correlations between series are not strong, the correlation coefficient being 0.7. Nevertheless the findings can be used for homogenization of series measured by the GGI-3000 evaporimeter.

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7

Osozawa, Seiko, and Tatsuaki Kasubuchi. "Improved Evaporimeter for Measuring Potential Evaporation from Field Soils." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 33, no. 4 (1987): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1987.10557602.

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8

PARK, Soon Ja, and Teruko TAMURA. "Measurement of Regional Evaporation Rate from Skin Surface by Evaporimeter." Annals of physiological anthropology 11, no. 4 (1992): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.11.417.

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9

Kim, Jeeyeon, Miesha Farahmand, Colleen Dunn, et al. "Evaporimeter and Bubble-Imaging Measures of Sweat Gland Secretion Rates." PLOS ONE 11, no. 10 (2016): e0165254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165254.

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10

Grove, Gary L., Mary Jo Grove, Charles Zerweck, and Elizabeth Pierce. "Comparative metrology of the evaporimeter and the DermaLab® TEWL probe." Skin Research and Technology 5, no. 1 (1999): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.1999.tb00196.x.

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11

Harrison-Murray, R. S. "A leaf-model evaporimeter for estimating potential transpiration in propagation environments." Journal of Horticultural Science 66, no. 2 (1991): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221589.1991.11516135.

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12

Papaioannou, G., K. Vouraki, and P. Kerkides. "Piche evaporimeter data as a substitute for Penman equation's aerodynamic term." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 82, no. 1-4 (1996): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(96)02337-4.

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13

Fredriksen, Torbjørn A. "Cervicogenic Headache: The Forehead Sweating Pattern." Cephalalgia 8, no. 3 (1988): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1988.0803203.x.

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Forehead sweating in 11 patients with cervicogenic headache was tested with the Evaporimeter. All were studied during heating experiments, 2 patients during exercise, and 10 patients after pilocarpine stimulation. Five patients were studied during spontaneous attacks. The evaporation during spontaneous attacks was symmetrical. This was also the case after heating, exercise, and pilocarpine stimulation. These findings differ clearly from the situation in cluster headache. These observations indicate that cervicogenic headache and cluster headache differ fundamentally with regard to autonomic involvement.

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14

Peng, C. C., C. Cerretani, Y. Li, et al. "Flow Evaporimeter To Assess Evaporative Resistance of Human Tear-Film Lipid Layer." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53, no. 47 (2014): 18130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie5030497.

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15

Van Zyl, W. H., and J. M. De Jager. "Estimating evapotranspiration from wheat using weather measurements and carborundum or Piché evaporimeter." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 41, no. 1-2 (1987): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(87)90070-0.

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16

Abusharha, Ali A., Ali Al Yami, Khaled Alsreea, et al. "Repeatability and Reproducibility of Tear Film Evaporation Rate Measurement using a new Closed-Chamber Evaporimeter." Open Ophthalmology Journal 15, no. 1 (2021): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874364102115010117.

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Purpose: This study evaluates the repeatability and reproducibility of tear film evaporation rate measurement using a commercially available handheld closed-chamber evaporimeter (VapoMeter, Delfin Technologies, Finland). Study Design: This was a randomized observational study, in which two visits were required. At visit 1, screening tests were performed on the participants. Subsequently, tear evaporation was measured thrice by examiner 1 (E1). The procedure was then repeated by examiner 2 (E2) at visit 2. Methods: 40 healthy participants with no ocular diseases were recruited for this study. A closed chamber evaporimeter was used in this study (VapoMeter, Delfin Technologies, Finland). Primary investigations, including slit-lamp examination, tear production test, and ocular discomfort, were performed during the first visit for the purpose of screening. Results: The mean of the three measurements of tear evaporation obtained by examiner 1 at visit 1 was 19.38 ± 0.79 g/m2/h, and the mean of the three readings obtained by examiner 2 at visit 2 was 20.49 ± 0.48 g/m2/h. The average Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) among the three readings of tear evaporation was 0.84 and 0.63 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) at visits 1 and 2, respectively. A comparison of the reliability of the measurements from the two examiners revealed an ICC of 0.69 with a 95% CI. Conclusion: The VapoMeter provides repeatable and reproducible measurements of tear film evaporation. This study demonstrates that the VapoMeter could provide clinicians with a readily available method for rapid evaluation of tear film evaporation. By considering the significance of tear evaporation as a diagnostic tool for dry eyes, the VapoMeter may help to diagnose better and manage dry eye syndrome.

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17

Ferguson, J. C., C. J. Martin, and C. Rayner. "Burn wound evaporation-measurement of body fluid loss by probe evaporimeter and weight change." Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement 12, no. 2 (1991): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0815/12/2/003.

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18

YASUTAKE, Daisuke, Masumi ISHIKAWA, Makito MORI, Kiyoshi MIYAUCHI, and Masaharu KITANO. "Development of a supersonic pan-evaporimeter for dynamic analysis of evaporative demand in a greenhouse." Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 67, no. 3 (2011): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.67.3.5.

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19

Salvesen, R., T. Sand, and O. Sjaastad. "Cluster Headache: Combined Assessment with Pupillometry and Evaporimetry." Cephalalgia 8, no. 3 (1988): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1988.0803211.x.

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Twenty-nine patients with cluster headache have been examined with the pupillometer and the evaporimeter. Pupils were dilated by sympathicomimetic drugs instilled into the conjunctival sacs, and responses of the two sides were compared. Forehead sweating was stimulated by body heating and by pilocarpine injection, and sweat evaporation on the two sides was compared. Most patients demonstrated the known patterns of hyposecretion on heating, of pilocarpine supersensitivity, and of deficient pupillary dilatation on OH-amphetamine stimulation on the symptomatic side and a supersensitivity of this pupil to phenylephrine. There were deviations from the rule for all methods of testing. Sixteen patients demonstrated a typical supersensitivity response of the pupil and of the sweat glands on the symptomatic side. Six patients had no such response, and seven patients had a discrepancy between the pupillary and the sweat gland response to stimulation, supersensitivity being present in one system only. There was a high degree of concordance between the results of the various methods of examination.

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20

Schulz, A., P. Elsner, and G. Burg. "Quantification of irritant contact dermatitis in vivo: comparison of the Dermatest® system with the evaporimeter." Contact Dermatitis 24, no. 3 (1991): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01713.x.

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21

Ayotamuno, J. M., A. J. Akor, S. C. Teme, E. W. U. Essiet, N. O. Isirimah, and F. I. Idike. "Computing Maize Crop Coefficients in the Port Harcourt area, Nigeria, using a Class a Pan Evaporimeter." Outlook on Agriculture 26, no. 3 (1997): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709702600309.

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Farmers in hot tropical climates know the importance of irrigation, but for irrigation to be used effectively the water requirement of the crop must be known. This is computed as the product of the potential evapotranspiration (PET) and the crop coefficient (Kc). While the PET can easily be obtained through various methods, including pan evaporimeters, the Kc in the Port Harcourt area for maize and other crops was not known. The main objective of this research, therefore, was to obtain maize crop coefficients at different stages of growth using non-weighing water table lysimeters and a class A pan. The estimated mean maize evapotranspiration (ET) values for the establishment, vegetative, pollination, and grain-filling stages were 29,98,84 and 98 mm, respectively. Values ranging from 0.18 to 1.08 were calculated for the mean crop coefficients for 10-day periods.

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22

Pershing, L. K., S. Bakhtian, E. D. Wright, and T. M. Rallis. "Differentiation of involved and uninvolved psoriatic skin from healthy skin using noninvasive visual, colorimeter and evaporimeter methods." Skin Research and Technology 1, no. 3 (1995): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.1995.tb00034.x.

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23

Watson, Adrian, Tim Fray, Sally Clarke, Debby Yates, and Peter Markwell. "Reliable Use of the ServoMed Evaporimeter EP-2™ to Assess Transepidermal Water Loss in the Canine." Journal of Nutrition 132, no. 6 (2002): 1661S—1664S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1661s.

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24

Gordin, Leandro Candido, Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral de Almeida, José Amilton Santos Júnior, Ênio Farias de França e. Silva, Alexsandro Claudio Dos Santos Almeida, and Girlayne Santana Noberto da Silva. "Irrigation scheduling techniques and irrigation frequency on capsicum growth and yield." DYNA 86, no. 211 (2019): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n211.77678.

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The present study aimed to evaluate different irrigation scheduling strategies on capsicum growth and yield inprotected environment. The experiment was carried out at the Northeastern of Brazil. Five irrigation scheduling techniques to define water depth (weighing lysimeter, Hargreaves-Samani equation, Piché evaporimeter, tensiometer and soil moisture sensor) andtwo application frequencies (F1-once a day and F2-alternating frequency) were tested. A completely randomized factorial design experiment was installed in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with eight replicates. It was observed that the variables stem diameter and leaf area index were influenced by the irrigation scheduling techniques, and treatments based on Hargreaves-Samani and lysimeter scheduling methods led to the lowest values. Fruit biometric parameters were significantly affected only by the Hargreaves-Samani treatment. It can be concluded that both irrigation scheduling techniques and frequencies influenced capsicum growth and yield. Furthermore, irrigation management techniques based on soil sensors caused the highest yields.

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25

Salvesen, Rolf, Torbjørn A. Fredriksen, Andrzej Bogucki, and Ottar Sjaastad. "Sweat Gland and Pupillary Responsiveness in Horner's Syndrome." Cephalalgia 7, no. 2 (1987): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1987.0702135.x.

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Eight patients with Horner's syndrome (five with a 1st neuron lesion and three with a 2nd neuron lesion) were examined for their pupillary responses to pharmacologic stimulation with tyramine (2%) and with phenylephrine (1%) eye drops. The same patients were also evaluated for their forehead sweating pattern on stimulation with body heating and pilocarpine injection, using the Evaporimeter. Five patients had a brain stem (1st sympathetic neuron) lesion, while three patients had had a traumatic C8-Th1 root avulsion and hence had a preganglionic neuron lesion. The average response with the phenylephrine eye test and the pilocarpine sweat test differed markedly between the two groups; only the central neuron lesion group had a supersensitivity reaction to both drugs. These procedures may be of diagnostic value in localizing the lesion in patients with a Horner's syndrome of unknown etiology. Patients with 3rd neuron lesion have not been examined with this combination of techniques.

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26

Lau-Gillard, Peri Jasmin, Peter Barrie Hill, Christopher James Chesney, Chis Budleigh, and Aki Immonen. "Evaluation of a hand-held evaporimeter (VapoMeter®) for the measurement of transepidermal water loss in healthy dogs." Veterinary Dermatology 21, no. 2 (2010): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00738.x.

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27

Norlén, Lars, Margareta Andersson, Bo Forslind, and Johan Engblom. "A New Computer-Based Evaporimeter System for Rapid and Precise Measurements of Water Diffusion Through Stratum Corneum In Vitro." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 113, no. 4 (1999): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00727.x.

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28

Salvesen, Rolf, Deusvenir de Souza Carvalho, Trond Sand, and Ottar Sjaastad. "Cluster Headache: Forehead Sweating Pattern During Heating and Pilocarpine Tests: Variation as a Function of Time." Cephalalgia 8, no. 4 (1988): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1988.0804245.x.

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Thirty-one patients with cluster headache were examined with regard to their forehead sweating pattern, by means of the Evaporimeter. Sweating was stimulated in two different ways: by body heating and by parenterally administered pilocarpine. The resulting increase in evaporation was frequently measured at different positions on both sides of the forehead, and the possibility of variations in the pattern related to the passage of time was specifically scrutinized. Some typical patterns emerged. The previously reported, marked asymmetries of response (deficient heat-induced sweating and pilocarpine supersensitivity of the symptomatic side) at the medial positions in the forehead were confirmed. However, the asymmetries invariably faded to some extent with the passage of time. Patients with cluster headache show gross similarities with, but also some minor differences from, the sweat pattern of patients with brain stem lesions causing a Horner's syndrome. A subdivision of the material into groups in accordance with the pupillometric pattern after sympathomimetic stimulation made it clear that the cases of definite evaporimetric asymmetries (“typical reactions”) belonged to the group with a typical pupillometric pattern. These results suggest that from an “autonomic” point of view, subpopulations may exist within the clinical entity of cluster headache.

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Souza, Cláudio Marcio Pereira de, Antonio Evaldo Klar, and Luiza Helena Duenhas. "EVALUATION OF METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS AND LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa, L.) YIELD RELATED TO GEOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION OF POLYETHYLENE GREENHOUSES." IRRIGA 7, no. 3 (2002): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2002v7n3p176-184.

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EVALUATION OF METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS AND LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa, L.) YIELD RELATED TO GEOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION OF POLYETHYLENE GREENHOUSES Cláudio Márcio Pereira de SouzaAntonio Evaldo Klar*Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences, State University of São Paulo, P.O. 237, CEP 18603-970, Botucatu – SP. E-mail: cmpsouza@fca.unesp.br* Scientific Researcher of CNPqLuiza Helena DuenhasEMBRAPA Semi Árido, P.O. 23, CEP 56300–970, Petrolina – PE. 1 ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Engineering Department, FCA/UNESP, Botucatu–SP aiming to study the geographic orientation influence of two plastic tunnels (East/West and North/South based on the magnetic North) on lettuce plant (Lactuca sativa L, cv. Elisa) behavior and on the evaporation distribution uniformity inside the tunnels. The plants were sowed on 05/05/1999, transplanted on 05/29/1999 and harvested on 06/31/1999. Tensiometers were used to monitore soil water potentials. A drip irrigation system was used. Both tunnels received A Class pan and thermohygrographes in the center and 3 m apart small evaporimeters set at 3 heights (0.50 m, 1.00 m and 1.50 m). Through geostatistical analysis, there was not neither spatial dependency nor spatial variability of evaporation in both tunnels. However, the height of evaporimeters showed statistical differences: the 1.50 m height evaporimeter had slower evaporation than those from other heights. The air temperature, relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit averages were not statistically significant in both greenhouses when they were compared to those from the outside. A Class pan evaporation values were higher outside the tunnels than inside them, but there were no differences between both tunnels for this variable. The lettuce plant yield was not influenced by tunnel orientation, but there were significant differences on plant yield among beds inside each tunnel. Keywords: evaporation, irrigation, greenhouse. SOUZA, C. M. P., KLAR, A. E., DUENHAS, L. H. AVALIAÇÃO DE ELEMENTOS METEOROLÓGICOS E PRODUÇÃO DE ALFACE (Lactuca sativa L.) AFETADOS PELA ORIENTAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA DE ESTUFAS DE POLIETILENO. 2 RESUMO O experimento foi realizado na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – Unesp/Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, em duas estufas dispostas em diferentes orientações geográficas, Leste/Oeste e Norte/Sul. A alface (Lactuva sativa L.) cv. Elisa foi cultivada em ambas estufas, sendo semeada em 05/05/99, transplantada em 29/05/99 e colhida em 31/06/99. Utilizou-se tensiômetros para monitorar o potencial de água no solo para realizar o manejo do sistema de irrigação por gotejamento. Microevaporímetros eqüidistantes de 3 m e colocados em 3 alturas, 0.50, 1.00 e 1.50 m, termohigrógrafos e tanques Classe “A” foram instalados nas duas estufas. Através de análise geoestatística, não se observou dependência espacial nem variabilidade espacial da evaporação nas duas estufas. Entretanto, a altura dos evaporímetros apresentou diferenças significativas: a evaporação à altura de 1.50 foi menor que nas outras duas.As médias de temperatura, umidade relativa e déficit de pressão de vapor do arnão diferiram estatisticamente entre as estufas e o ambiente externo. Os valores médios de evaporação de água no tanque Classe “A” instalado fora das estufas diferiram estatisticamente quando comparados com os instalados no interior das estufas, porém, entre as orientações não se constatou diferença significativa. Pôde-se verificar que não houve diferença significativa das características agronômicas da alface em ambas orientações estudadas. No entanto, houve diferença significativa para essas características entre os canteiros no interior das mesmas, havendo variância espacial para os dados de matéria fresca apenas na estufa N/S. UNITERMOS: evaporação, irrigação, estufa.

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30

Shimojima, Eiichi, Ichiro Tamagawa, Masato Horiuchi, Robert J. Woodbury, and Jeffrey V. Turner. "Observation of water and solute movement in a saline, bare soil, groundwater seepage area, Western Australia. Part 1: Movement of water in near-surface soils in summer." Soil Research 51, no. 4 (2013): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12282.

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In order to elucidate the relationship between evaporation, salinisation, and annual water and salt balances in semi-arid and arid regions, hydrological and meteorological observations were undertaken over 3 years in a small, salinised, bare-soil, groundwater seepage area in Western Australia. This paper focuses on water behaviour near a bare saline soil surface during the dry summer. Analysis of observed data on soil vapour density using a vapour diffusion transfer model can account for the daily upward vapour flux from the soil surface that occurs in midsummer. The dry soil undergoes cycles of drying during the day, accompanied by salt crust formation and wetting during the night. In late summer, the same zones show a wetting trend owing to a marked atmospheric vapour invasion and condensation at night regardless of evaporation during daytime. The daily average vapour flux at the ground surface in mid- and late-summer, respectively, estimated through the vapour transfer model in the dry soil layer was ~0.35 and 0.03 mm/day. Comparison of vapour fluxes at the ground surface measured with a portable surface evaporimeter with modelled estimates of vapour transport in soil showed agreement of the proposed model to field results at low wind speed, but not at the higher wind speeds. This identifies the active role of turbulent surface wind speed on vapour transfer in the dry soil layer below the ground surface.

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Archana, HA, N. Asoka Raja, R. Mahesh, and R. Kalpana. "Effect of Low Cost Drip Tape Irrigation System on Yield and Economics of Sweet Corn." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 19, no. 2 (2017): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v19i2.31855.

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A study was conducted to determine the effect of low cost drip tape irrigation system on yield and economics of sweet corn in comparison to conventional inline drip irrigation and surface irrigation systems during 2013-14 at Coimbatore, India. The treatment comprises of two drip irrigation systems with three irrigation levels viz., 75, 100 and 125% of pan evaporation (PE) from Class A Pan evaporimeter. Plant height, fresh cob length, girth, number of kernels per cob and single fresh cob weight and yield were higher at 125% PE in conventional in line drip irrigation system and it was statistically at par with drip irrigation at 125% PE in low cost drip tape irrigation system. Water saving was 36, 49 and 62% at 125, 100 and 75% PE, respectively under conventional in line drip irrigation system and drip tape irrigation system as against the surface irrigation. The cost of low cost drip tape system was 68% lower than the conventional inline drip system. The results of the research indicated that based on net income, B:C ratio and GM/TMV ratio, adoption of low cost drip tape irrigation system at 125% PE was found to be best for small and marginal farmers with substantial yield and income compared to conventional inline drip system.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 71-77

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FRANÇA, JANAINA BORGES DE AZEVEDO, FREDERICO ANTONIO LOUREIRO SOARES, NEI PEIXOTO, MUZA DO CARMO VIEIRA, and ANDERSON DIAS VAZ DE SOUZA. "AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF CONTENDER AND AMARELO JAPONÊS CULTIVARS UNDER DIFFERENT WATER REPLACEMENTS." Revista Caatinga 32, no. 4 (2019): 986–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n415rc.

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ABSTRACT The use of cultivars appropriate to the soil and climate characteristics of a region provides farmers with security by facilitating credit for crop financing and improving product prices in local commerce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of “Contender” and “Amarelo Japonês” green bean bush cultivars grown in the Cerrado in terms of water replenishment (RH) of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of evaporation using the Piché evaporimeter. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the State University of Goiás, on the Ipameri Campus. The experimental design was a randomized block design. Sowing was done in May 2017, with treatments distributed in a split-plots scheme with water replenishment in plots and cultivar subplots with 3 replications. The analyzed variables were: height; stem diameter; leaf number; leaf area; number of inflorescences; number of flowers; fresh and dry mass of the plant; number, length, diameter, fresh and dry mass of the pods. The different water replenishment rates increased the mean plant height, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of bean seeds per pod, and number of bean seeds per plant in the cultivars “Amarelo Japonês” and “Contender.” Water replenishment of 125% produced higher development and better agronomic performance in the two cultivars than the other rates.

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33

OISHI, Naoki. "Development of Irrigation Control System in Response to Plant Water Stress in Tomato Hydroponics. (3). Irrigation Control Based on Evapolation Measurement by Evaporimeter." Environment Control in Biology 40, no. 3 (2002): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2525/ecb1963.40.291.

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Awe, Gabriel Oladele, Tunde Nathaniel Akomolafe, Japhet Umam, and Margret Busola Ayuba. "Efficiency of small pan evaporimeter in monitoring evapotranspiration under poly-covered house and open-field conditions in a hot, tropical region of Nigeria." Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 32 (December 2020): 100735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2020.100735.

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Teófilo Salvador, Eduardo, Guillermo Pedro Morales Reyes, María Vicenta Esteller Alberich, and René Muciño Castañeda. "Parámetros que controlan la percolación profunda en un cultivo de trigo." REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA 37, no. 1 (2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.28940/terra.v37i1.345.

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To evaluate the water percolation in the soil, the water balance method is common. This method requires different daily data, which are often incomplete or not verified in field, in addition to some uncertainty regarding crop evapotranspiration. In this research, the parameters that control deep percolation were identified, based on estimation of daily local water balances with different crop coefficients, using data from weather stations and edaphic parameters. At the study site, constant monitoring of the phenological stages of a wheat crop (temporal) was carried out, and monthly soil sampling was performed for one year at different points within the site. At the same time, data were collected from weather stations, evaporation was measured with the evaporimeter tank, evapotranspiration of the crop was estimated for a single coefficient, dual and adjusted for stress based on the FAO manual, and deep percolation was determined from these data. When the soil surface was saturated or supersaturated, evapotranspiration of the crop was negligible. In addition, maximum vertical plant growth was 1.02 m, and root depth was 0.35 m. Daily rainfall greater than 10 mm or cumulative of three consecutive days greater than 18 mm of rainfall led to deep percolation, but this decreased to almost drip as thickness of the root zone increased from 0.30 m to 0.52 m. Crop growth, root zone thickness and incidence of precipitation on the soil surface controlled deep percolation. The values obtained allow us to more closely approximate the actual value groundwater recharge.

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Onwuegbunam, N. E., D. O. Onwuegbunam, and A. Dare. "Estimation and comparison of reference evapotranspiration within Kaduna Central District, Nigeria, using four different methods." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 1 (2020): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i1.34.

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The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) within Kaduna Central District, Nigeria was estimated from a 30-year climatological data using four different methods namely, Penman-Monteith (PM), Blaney Criddle (BC), Hargreaves (HGRV) and Piche evaporimeter (PiEv) (atmometer) methods. The study shows that the highest ETo values obtained from PM, BC and PiEv were 6.43 mm/day, 7.58 mm/day and 8.63 mm/day, respectively, and these occurred in February, except for HGRV which estimated its highest ETo (3.73 mm/day) in March. The lowest ETo values were obtained in August for all the methods. By means of the confidence index (c), agreement or concordance index (d) and correlation coefficients (r) statistics the BC, HGRV and PiEv ETo values were correlated with that of PM, as the standard. Results showed that BC, HGRV and PiEv gave c-values of 0.88, 0.48 and 0.67, respectively. Hence, BC-PM, HGRV-PM and PiEv-PM correlations were adjudged as excellent, bad and good, respectively, on the basis of criteria for interpretation of the performance of methods of ETo estimations. Blaney-Criddle reference evapotranspiration method gave the best estimate in comparison to the Penman-Monteith standard in the study area. Hence, the Blaney-Criddle ETo can be calibrated with the Penman-Monteith ETo and used effectively within the Kaduna Central District conditions for irrigation water management decisions. Keywords: Estimation and comparison, Reference evapotranspiration, Methods, Kaduna Central District, Nigeria.

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Kohut, Mojmír, Jaroslav Rožnovský, Gražyna Knozová, and Jáchym Brzezina. "Analysis of evaporation from water surface measured automatically by the EWM evaporimeter at the weather station in Ústí nad Orlicí between 2001 and 2014." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 45, no. 4 (2015): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/congeo-2015-0024.

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Abstract Evaporation from water surface at the station in Ústí nad Orlicí was measured using an automatic EWM evaporimeter. The analysed period was from May 1st to September 30th in the years 2001 to 2014. Statistical analysis of the daily evaporation showed that the values ranged between 0.0 mm and 7.3 mm (July 17, 2007). This maximum value was analysed in detail and considered to be realistic based on the unusual weather conditions on that day. The highest average daily evaporation was observed in July (2.8 mm), followed by August (2.5 mm). On the other hand the lowest average daily evaporation was found to be in September (1.6 mm). Average monthly evaporation totals in the analysed period (2001–2014) ranged from 49.1 mm (September) to 86.1 mm (July). The absolute lowest monthly evaporation total in the analysed period was measured in September 2002 (34.4 mm), on the other end of the scale, the absolute highest monthly evaporation in the period of interest was measured in August 2003 (114.5 mm). Statistics of annual data show that out of the 14 years analysed, the lowest evaporation was observed in 2005 (263.5 mm), while the highest in 2007 (426.1 mm). Average annual (May-September) evaporation for the 14 years is 355.0 mm. The trend in evaporation for May and August is negative, in the other months it is positive. The largest change was seen in July, where the linear index value is +1.555. However, the trends in monthly values are not statistically significant.

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Passam, H. C., A. B. Sideridis, and C. P. Yialouris. "A Decision Support System for the Irrigation and Nutrition Management of Tomatoes Cultivated in Low-technology, Plastic-covered Greenhouses." HortTechnology 9, no. 3 (1999): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.3.436.

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Vegetable production in low-technology (low-tech) plastic-covered greenhouses depends on low investment and cheap production methods that prohibit the adoption of expensive technologies. Nevertheless, advanced technology can be developed for this low-tech situation provided that a personal computer (PC) is available and the software is of low cost and specially designed to function without the need for additional expensive hardware. This will encourage the adoption of computer technology in an industry where computer illiteracy is still high. In the present paper, a decision support system for irrigation and fertilizer management of tomatoes [Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill.] is described. The system is comprised of two modules: 1) an irrigation-fertilization consultation module for the management of water and fertilizer supply and 2) a diagnostic expert system module for the identification and rectification of nutritional disorders. Irrigation requirements are defined on the basis of daily evaporimeter readings. Fertilizer schedules are derived from the literature, but modified on the basis of experience gained during previous cultivations. The urgent need for such a management system is indicated by the relatively low quality of vegetable produce currently grown in low-tech greenhouses and the waste of precious water and fertilizer due to over-application by growers, with concomitant damage to the environment. During tests, irrigation was reduced by as much as 30% in comparison with empirical methods. To enable more widespread assessment and to increase its range of application, the software of this system is offered free of charge for evaluation by interested users.

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DOMUȚA, Cristian G., Cornel DOMUȚA, Manuel A. GÎTEA, et al. "The Bases of Peach Tree Irrigation in the Fruit-Growing Basin from Oradea, Romania, and the Use of the Microsprinkler System." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46, no. 1 (2018): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha46110771.

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The paper presents the results obtained on preluvo-soil in Sâniob, Oradea, during 2007-2015. In order to maintain the soil water content between easily available water content and field capacity, the irrigation rate used was between 60 mm/ha and 470 mm/ha. Irrigation determined an increase of the total water consumption by 53% (712 mm/ha vs. 466 mm/ha). For the non-irrigated variant (71%) and for the irrigated one (46%), the rainfalls registered between 15 March-1 October yearly represented the main source of supplying the total water consumption, while irrigation supplied 40% of the total water consumption (with a variation range 11%-61%). The microsprinkler irrigation system led to a 30.6% yield gain, with a variation range of 15.8%-58.7%. It also determined a higher size index in comparison with the non-irrigated variant and a smaller percentage of kernels. All differences were statistically very significant. Several correlations were quantified in the soil-water-plant-atmosphere system. The parameters of the system were: pedological drought, strong pedological drought and water consumption. All correlations were statistically very significant; the best mathematical expression was the polynomial function. Four methods (Penman Monteith, Pan, Piche and Thornthwaite evaporimeter methods) were studied to determine the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in comparison with the optimal water consumption of the peach tree. As it was cheaper and easier to use, the Pan evaporation method was recommended in the irrigation scheduling, although the Penman Monteith method could have given more accurate results in assessing the optimal water consumption.

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Barel, A. O., and P. Clarys. "Study of the Stratum corneum Barrier Function by Transepidermal Water Loss Measurements: Comparison between Two Commercial Instruments: Evaporimeter^® and Tewameter^®." Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 8, no. 4 (1995): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000211345.

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Miller, Eric, and Brenda Wilmore. "Evaluating the Drought Code Using In Situ Drying Timelags of Feathermoss Duff in Interior Alaska." Fire 3, no. 2 (2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire3020025.

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The Drought Code (DC) is a moisture code of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System underlain by a hydrological water balance model in which drying occurs in a negative exponential pattern with a relatively long timelag. The model derives from measurements from an evaporimeter and no soil parameters are specified, leaving its physical nature uncertain. One way to approximate the attributes of a “DC equivalent soil” is to compare its drying timelag with measurements of known soils. In situ measurements of timelag were made over the course of a fire season in a black spruce-feathermoss forest floor underlain by permafrost in Interior Alaska, USA. On a seasonally averaged basis, timelag was 28 d. The corresponding timelag of the DC water balance model was 60 d. Water storage capacity in a whole duff column 200 mm deep was 31 mm. Using these figures and a relationship between timelag, water storage capacity, and the potential evaporation rate, a “DC equivalent soil” was determined to be capable of storing 66 mm of water. This amount of water would require a soil 366 mm deep, suggesting a revision of the way fire managers in Alaska regard the correspondence between soil and the moisture codes of the FWI. Nearly half of the soil depth would be mineral rather than organic. Much of the soil water necessary to maintain a 60 d timelag characteristic of a “DC equivalent soil” is frozen until after the solstice. Unavailability of frozen water, coupled with a June peak in the potential evaporation rate, appears to shorten in situ timelags early in the season.

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Babakos, Konstantinos, Dimitris Papamichail, Panagiotis Tziachris, Vassilios Pisinaras, Kleoniki Demertzi, and Vassilis Aschonitis. "Assessing the Robustness of Pan Evaporation Models for Estimating Reference Crop Evapotranspiration during Recalibration at Local Conditions." Hydrology 7, no. 3 (2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7030062.

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A classic method for assessing the reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is the pan evaporation (Epan) method that uses Epan measurements and pan coefficient (kp) models, which can be functions of relative humidity (RH), wind speed (u2), and temperature (T). The aim of this study is to present a methodology for evaluating the robustness of regression coefficients associated to climate parameters (RH, u2, and T) in pan method models during recalibration at local conditions. Two years of daily data from April to October (warm season) of meteorological parameters, Epan measurements from class A pan evaporimeter and ETo estimated by ASCE-standardized method for the climatic conditions of Thessaloniki (Greece, semi-arid environment), were used. The regression coefficients of six general nonlinear (NLR) regression Epan models were analyzed through recalibration using a technique called “random cross-validation nonlinear regression RCV-NLR” that produced 1000 random splits of the initial dataset into calibration and validation sets using a constant proportion (70% and 30%, respectively). The variance of the regression coefficients was analyzed based on the 95% interval of the highest posterior density distribution. NLR models that included coefficients with a 95% HPD interval that fluctuates in both positive and negative values were considered nonrobust. The machine-learning technique of random forests (RF) was also used to build a RF model that includes Epan, u2, RH, and T parameters. This model was used as a benchmark for evaluating the predictive accuracy of NLR models but, also, for assessing the relative importance of the predictor climate variables if they were all included in one NLR model. The findings of this study indicated that locally calibrated NLR functions that use only the Epan parameter presented better results, while the inclusion of additional climate parameters was redundant and led to underfitting.

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SACHAN, SHEPHALI, and Avinash Jain. "MORTALITY OF TROPICAL FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS UNDER WATER AND SALT STRESS CONDITIONS." Journal of Plant Stress Physiology 2 (January 20, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19071/jpsp.2016.v2.3081.

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<p>Mortality of selected tropical forest tree species seedlings viz. <em>Tectona grandis, Pongamia pinnata</em>, <em>Dalbergia latifolia</em> and <em>Gmelina arborea</em> were tested under water and salt stress conditions for 4 months under nursery stage. Water stress included moderate and severe waterlogging &amp; moderate and severe drought conditions. The salt stress in the soil was maintained to 4, 8 and 12 ds/m. Pot culture experiments with twenty treatment combinations following RBD factorial design were conducted in TFRI Jabalpur nursery. The water equivalent to the field capacity of the soil was provided to the seedlings to maintain waterlogging. The drought condition in polybags was maintained according to Permanent Wilting point (PWP), which was calculated on the basis of Cumulative Pan Evaporation (CPE) values measured through Open Pan Evaporimeter. Mortality of seedlings of the species under study increased with the increase in salt concentration from 4 to 12 ds/m.<em> Gmelina arborea</em> shown 100% mortality in 4ds/m, 8ds/m and 12ds/m concentration of salt. Cumulative effect of salt and waterlogging &amp; salt and drought was found to be more prominent in <em>Gmelina arborea</em> as compare to other three species. <em>Tectona grandis </em>was found to be more tolerable to waterlogged followed by drought conditions<em>. </em> Waterlogging conditions observed to be excellent for <em>Pongamia pinnata</em> seedlings plantation shown 0% mortality. As a whole, the mortality of seedlings due to water and salt stress was found in the order <em>Dalbergia latifolia</em> (90.95%) &gt; <em>Gmelina arborea</em> (82.50%) &gt; <em>Tectona grandis</em> (74%) &gt; <em>Pongamia pinnata</em> (35.56%). </p>

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Shah, Jigna H., Hongbo Zhai, and Howard I. Maibach. "Comparative evaporimetry in man." Skin Research and Technology 11, no. 3 (2005): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2005.00099.x.

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Feldhake, C. M., and D. G. Boyer. "Use of Bellani plate evaporimeters for estimation of pet." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 42, no. 2-3 (1988): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(88)90079-2.

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Papaioannou, Georgia, Spiros Kaloudis, and Petros Kerkides. "On the proper employment of Piche evaporimeters in estimating evapotranspiration." International Journal of Climatology 18, no. 11 (1998): 1247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0088(199809)18:11<1247::aid-joc311>3.0.co;2-l.

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Grove, Gary L., Mary Jo Grove, Charles Zerweck, and Elizabeth Pierce. "Computerized evaporimetry using the DermaLab® TEWL probe." Skin Research and Technology 5, no. 1 (1999): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.1999.tb00197.x.

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Cohen, J. C., D. G. Hartman, M. J. Garofalo, et al. "Comparison of closed chamber and open chamber evaporimetry." Skin Research and Technology 15, no. 1 (2009): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2008.00334.x.

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Salvesen, R., and T. Sand. "Cluster Headache: Combined Assessment with Pupillometry and Evaporimetry." Cephalalgia 9, no. 1 (1989): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1989.901078-3.x.

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Viana, Thales Vinícius de Araújo, Jefferson Gonçalves Américo Nobre, Levi Gonçalves Moreira, Benito Moreira de Azevedo, Alan Diniz Lima, and André Henrique Pinheiro Albuquerque. "EFEITOS DE NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO, ESTIMADOS A PARTIR DA EVAPORAÇÃO MEDIDA NO TANQUE REDUZIDO, NA CULTURA DA MAMONEIRA." IRRIGA 14, no. 1 (2009): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2009v14n1p76-87.

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EFEITOS DE NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO, ESTIMADOS A PARTIR DA EVAPORAÇÃO MEDIDA NO TANQUE REDUZIDO, NA CULTURA DA MAMONEIRA Thales Vinícius de Araújo Viana; Jefferson Gonçalves Américo Nobre; Levi Gonçalves Moreira; Benito Moreira de Azevedo; Alan Diniz Lima; André Henrique Pinheiro AlbuquerqueDepartamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, thales@ufc.br 1 RESUMO Com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade da mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.), variedade IAC Guarani, sob níveis de irrigação, instalou-se um experimento em área da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), no município de Fortaleza (03°44’S, 38°33’W, 19,5 m). A semeadura foi feita em covas, espaçadas de 1,0 x 1,0 m. Durante o ciclo da cultura, as plantas foram irrigadas por gotejamento, diariamente, e as lâminas de irrigação foram quantificadas a partir da evaporação medida em um tanque evaporimétrico reduzido (EVAr; diâmetro, 60 cm; altura, 25 cm). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos: 25; 50; 75; 100 e 125% da EVAr, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: tamanho do racemo de 1ª ordem, número de frutos por racemo, peso de 100 sementes por racemo, produtividade dos racemos (1ª, 2ª e 3ª ordens) e produtividade total. A utilização de maiores lâminas de irrigação aumentou até um certo valor o peso de 100 sementes por racemos de 2ª e 3ª ordens e a produtividade total, a partir do qual essas variáveis passam a decrescer. O uso do tanque reduzido possibilitou um eficiente manejo de irrigação da mamoneira. UNITERMOS: Ricinus communis L., minitanque, manejo da irrigação. VIANA, T. V. A.; NOBRE, J. G. A.; MOREIRA, L. G.; AZEVEDO, B. M.; LIMA, A. D.; ALBUQUERQUE, A. H. P. EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION LEVELS, ESTIMATED FROM THE EVAPORATION MEASURED IN REDUCED A TANK, IN A CASTOR BEAN CROP 2 ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the productivity of castor beans (Ricinus communis L.), cultivar IAC Guarani, under irrigation levels, an experiment was carried out in an area of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), in Fortaleza-CE (3°44'S, 38°33'W,19,5 m). The sowing was made in holes, 1.0 x1.0 m spacing. During the culture cycle, the plants were irrigated daily by dripping, and irrigation depths were quantified starting from the evaporation measured by the evaporimeter of a reduced tank (EVAr; 60-cm diameter, 25-cm height). The experimental design had randomized blocks with five treatments: 25; 50; 75; 100 and 125% of EVAr, with four replications. The following variables were analyzed: number of fruits, weight of 100 seeds, productivity of the racemes (1st, 2nd and 3rd orders) and total productivity. The irrigation depths increased the weight of 100 seeds for 2nd and 3rd order racemes and total productivity to a certain value, and then these variable values started to decrease. The use of a reduced tank in the irrigation management of the castor bean crop was efficient. KEY WORDS: Ricinus communis L., minitank, irrigation schedule

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