Academic literature on the topic 'Événement 7.15 au Xinjiang'

We assessed trends in physical fitness by age group and nutrition status among children and adolescents in Xinjiang during 1985–2014. The data of 49,357 participants aged 7–18 were extracted in 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2014. Growth and nutritional status were defined using World Health Organization definitions. A physical fitness indicator (PFI) was calculated as the sum of six components measured in every survey. The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and PFI was investigated using nonlinear regression. Taking 1985 as a reference, PFI increased to 2 in 1995 and then fell sharply to −2.8 in 2005 and −3.8 in 2014. The prevalence of normal weight increased from 87.5% in 1985 to 89.4% in 1995 and then decreased to 75.2%, consistent with the change in PFI. The relationship between BMI and PFI showed an inverted U-shaped curve. The largest increment occurred in boys aged 13–15 and girls aged 16–18 during 1985–1995; the largest decline occurred in boys and girls aged 10–12 during 1995–2005. Our research provides a reference for local governments providing nutrition subsidies and projects in southern Xinjiang, indicating that greater attention is needed for children aged 7–12.

Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is one of the most economically important diseases of cultivated grapevines (Vitis vinifera), causing decrease in yield, as well as decreasing the sugar levels and increasing the acidity of the berries (1). There are currently at least 10 serologically distinct viruses, referred to as grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs), from the family Closteroviridae that are associated with leafroll disease (4). China is one of the world's leading grape producers, and nearly 75% of the vineyards in China are located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and Hebei, Shandong, Gansu, Ningxia, and Yunnan provinces. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 7 (GLRaV-7) isolates have been reported so far in Liaoning (GQ849392, GQ849393, and JF927943) and Henan (EF093187) provinces in China (3). The four Chinese isolates were isolated respectively from grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon (GQ849392, GQ849393), Centennial Seedless (JF927943), and Semillon (EF093187), and these grape varieties are introduced from abroad. Cow's Nipple and Dragon's Eye are old grape varieties native to China. Cow's nipple is extensively cultivated in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, while Dragon's Eye is widely planted in Heibei Province. To determine if GLRaV-7 was present in these two varieties, six samples (three per variety) were collected from six individual grapevines showing GLD-like symptoms in two vineyards in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Hebei Province, respectively, in September 2011. Total RNA extracts obtained from phloem scrapings of samples using the RNeasy plant mini kit (QIAGEN) were tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primers F1 (5′-TATATCCCAACGGAGATGGC-3′) and R1 (5′-ATGTTCCTCCACCAAAATCG-3′) (2) specific to the heat shock protein 70 homologue (HSP-70 gene) of GLRaV-7. All samples produced a single band of the expected size of 502 bp. One GLRaV-7-specific amplicon per variety was cloned into pMD 18-T simple vector (TaKaRa). Plasmid DNA was purified using Column Plasmid DNAOUT (TIANDZ, Beijing, China) from three individual clones and sequenced from both directions. The sequence of the two isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. JX494722 and JX494723) shared 97.81% identity at the nucleotide level and 100% identity at the amino acid level. A pairwise comparison of HSP-70 sequences of the two isolates from this report with nine corresponding sequences of GLRaV-7 isolates (including four previously reported Chinese isolates) showed nucleotide sequence identities ranging from 91.24% (EF093187) to 98.80% (GQ849392). These samples were further analyzed by double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using antibody specific to GLRaV-7 (NEOGEN Europe, Ayr, Scotland) according to the manufacturer's instructions, and the results confirmed the presence of the virus in these samples that were positive by RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GLRaV-7 occurring in native grape varieties in China. These results could be helpful in developing sound diagnostic systems for implementing efficient disease management strategies. References: (1) B. Akbas et al. Hort. Sci. 36:97, 2009. (2) E. Engel et al. Plant Dis. 92:1252, 2008. (3) X. Fan et al. Acta Hortic. Sinica 39:949, 2012. (4) G. P. Martelli. Extended Abstr. 16th Meet. International Council for the Study of Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Grapevines (ICVG). 15-23, 2009.

Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Epidemiological studies in SLE have been reported in the literature in many countries and ethnic groups. Although SLE in China has been described in the past, there has not been a detailed evaluation of SLE patients in Xinjiang of China, a largely Uygur population.Objectives:To describe the clinical featuresand immunological features of 484 SLE subjects.Methods:484 adult patients followed in the The People’s Hospital of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 211 patients with Uygur SLE as welI as 273patients with Han SLE.Results:Of the 211 Uygur SLE patients, 195 (92.4%) were female and 16 (7.6%) were male (female:male=12.2:1),the mean age at SLE onset was 34.67±11.57 years, mean disease duration was 20.77±35.16 months.Of the 273 Han SLE patients,247(90.5%)were female and 26(9.5%) were male,the mean age at SLE onset was 36.68±14.44 years,mean disease duration was 41.64±61.89 months.(2)between the Uygur and Han SLE patients,the Raynaud phenomenon(χ2=6.066 P=0.014), Chest pain(χ2=7.906 P=0.005), headache(χ2=4.572 P=0.029)has obvious differences(table 1).(3)The anti-nuclear (χ2=8.108 P=0.004), anti-AHA (χ2=4.952 P=0.026)were higer in Uygur SLE patients than those in Han SLE patients;the Uygur SLE patients has been anemia(χ2=6.904,P=0.009), high level of immunoglobulin (χ2=8.939,P=0.003),decrease of complement(χ2=6.330 P=0.012).(table 2)figure 1. Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestationsUygur SLE patients(n=211)Han SLE (n=273)χ2Prash106(50.2%)157(57.5%)2.5370.111Photosensitivity40(19%)56(20.5%)0.1810.670Alopecia73(34.6%)101(37.0%)0.2980.585Oral ulcers49(23.2%)64(23.5%)0.0060.937Raynaud phenomenon28(13.3%)60(22%)6.0660.014livedo reticularis5(2.4%)7(2.6%)0.0200.866arthralgia/arthritis105(49.8%)159(58.5%)3.6230.057abnormal liver-function8(3.8%)7(2.6%)0.5970.440Chest pain28(13.3%)16(5.9%)7.9060.005Suffocation49(23.2%)52(19%)1.2560.262palpitation27(12.8%)41(15%)0.4870.485Shortness of breath24(11.4%)35(12.8%)0.2330.630Ophthalmia2(0.9%)6(2.2%)1.1540.283Visual impairment1(0.5%)3(1.1%)0.5670.457hemiplegia1(0.5%)0(0.0%)1.2970.436Mental disorder4(1.9%)11(4.0%)1.8040.179headache14(6.6%)7(2.6%)4.5720.029Lower Limb Edem36(17.1%)34(12.5%)2.0420.153pleurisy37(17.5%)43(15.8%)0.2560.613pericarditis38(18%)33(12.1%)3.2730.070pulmonary fibrosis7(3.3%)9(3.3%)0.0000.982figure 2. immunological manifestationsmanifestationsUygur SLE patients(n=211)Han SLE (n=273)χ2Pantinuclear antibodies185(87.7%)212(77.7%)8.1080.004anti-dsDNA115(54.5%)144(52.7%)0.1470.701anti-SSA101(47.9%)149(54.6%)2.1470.143anti-SSB45(21.3%)63(23.1%)0.2100.647anti-Sm44(21%)68(25%)1.0880.297ACL29(13.8%)26(9.5%)2.1610.142antiU1-RNP74(35.1%)100(36.6%)0.1260.723anti-AHA60(28.4%)54(19.8%)4.9520.026Low white blood cell46(22.1%)79(29%)2.9380.087anemia90(42.9%)85(36.3%)6.9040.009Thrombocytopenia36(17.1%)51(18.7%)0.2120.645Urine protein positive84(39.8%)114(41.9%)0.2170.641Rise of urine RBC29(13.7%)35(12.8%)0.0880.766Increased immunoglobulin82(38.9%)71(26.1%)8.9390.003Complement decline120(57.1%)124(45.6%)6.3300.012Conclusion:The Uygur SLE patients have their own clinical and immunological characteristics, which has guiding significance in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of SLE.References:[1]Martyna TS,Hanna SS, Marek F. Clinical and immunological characteristics of Polish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2018;27(1):57–61[2]Maloney K C, Ferguson T S, Stewart H D, et al. Clinical and immunological characteristics of 150 systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Jamaica: A comparative analysis[J]. Lupus, 2017, 26(13):961203317707828.[3]Ching K H, Burbelo P D, Christopher T, et al. Two Major Autoantibody Clusters in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus[J]. PLoS ONE, 2012, 7(2):e32001.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Purification of produced water (PW) from polymer/surfactant flooding is a challenge for the petroleum industry due to the high emulsion stability. Demulsification using chemical demulsifiers has been expected to be an effective way to treat PW. In this paper, five cationic (branched quaternary ammonium chloride) and four nonionic (copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide) demulsifiers with different molecular weights were employed to test their respective demulsification performance in the treatment of PW from polymer/surfactant flooding. The cationic demulsifiers, in general, exhibited better performance than the nonionic ones and one cationic demulsifier (CP-1) exhibiting the best demulsification efficiency was further employed for a pilot experiment in the Xinjiang Oilfield. The oil content of PW could be successfully reduced from 128~7364 to less than 10 mg/L with a dosage of CP-1 for 350 mg/L and polyaluminum chloride (PAC, 30% w/w Al2O3) for 500 mg/L under ambient temperature (14~22 °C). At the same time, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) was removed from 176.9~177.1 to 2.8~3.9 mg/L while petroleum sulfonate was not removed too much (from 35.5~43.8 to 25.5~26.5 mg/L). The interfacial rheology analysis on simulated PW from HPAM/petroleum sulfonate flooding revealed that the addition of CP-1 led to a significant increase of the oil-water interfacial tension (from 7 to 15~20 mN/m) and zeta potential (from −32.5 to −19.7 mV). It was, thus, assumed that the decreased net charge on the dispersed oil droplets surface and weakened oil/water film due to the formation of complex between the cationic demulsifier and HPAM may have facilitated the destabilization of the emulsion. The result of this study is useful in better understanding the demulsification processes as well as selecting suitable demulsifiers in the treatment of PW from polymer/surfactant flooding.

A novel coccoid, halotolerant actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 70085T, was isolated from a soil sample that was collected in Xinjiang Province, China, and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. Optimum growth temperature was 28 °C and growth occurred optimally in culture media that contained 10 % KCl. The peptidoglycan type was A4α, l-lys–gly–l-Glu. Whole-cell sugars consisted of xylose, mannose and galactose. Phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid, one unknown glycolipid and traces of phosphatidylinositol. Menaquinones were MK-8 (83 %), MK-7 (12 %) and MK-9 (15 %). Predominant fatty acids were i-C15 : 0 (44·29 %), ai-C15 : 0 (35·60 %) and ai-C17 : 0 (9·74 %). The DNA G+C content was 53·5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 70085T occupies a branch that is distinct from, although very close to, the family Micrococcaceae in the suborder Micrococcineae. Based on its phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic position (as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis) and 16S rDNA signature nucleotide data, it is concluded that the isolate represents a novel member of the suborder Micrococcineae, for which the name Yania halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 70085T (=CCTCC AA001023T=DSM 15476T).

ObjectiveTo describe the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of child pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) notified to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Tuberculosis Information Management System (TBIMS) from 2009 to 2015.Study designA database of child PTB for 31 provinces in mainland China over 7 years was retrospectively analysed. The spatiotemporal distribution of child PTB was described.ResultsIn total, 35,710 child PTB cases were notified to the TBIMS, representing only 0.60% of all 5,991,593 PTB case notifications. The average annual notified incidence of child PTB was 2.44/ per 100,000 children (95% CI: 1.77–3.10) and decreased by 52.53% in all age groups during the study period. Tibet had the highest incidence (15.95/ per 100,000 children), followed by Guizhou and Xinjiang. However, the case numbers were the most in Guizhou. The 0-1 year and 12–14 years of age groups exhibited the most cases. The positive rates of sputum smears, bacteriology and chest X-rays abnormality were 21.5%, 21.7% and 98.1%, respectively, which were lower than those 15 years of age and older (all p-values<0.0001).ConclusionThe notified incidence of child PTB in mainland China decreased substantially over 7 years. Future prevention and control of PTB in children should focus on the 0–1 and 12–14 years of age groups, and Tibet and Guizhou provinces. However, the notified incidence is still low, relative to adults, suggesting substantial under-reporting. Thus, more effective care seeking, identification and registration of children with TB are crucial.

Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the metacestode of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is the most pathogenic zoonosis in temperate and arctic regions of the northern hemisphere. Prospective collection of human cases in some areas and mass screenings using ultrasound imaging and confirmation with serological techniques have markedly improved our knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease in humans during the past two decades. Transmission occurs when eggs of the tapeworm, excreted by the final hosts (usually foxes but also dogs, wolves and cats), are ingested accidentally by humans or during normal feeding by a variety of rodents and small lagomorphs. However, the species of host animals differ according to regional changes in mammalian fauna. This review mostly focuses on epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis in those parts of the world where new and more accurate epidemiological data are now available, i.e. China and Europe, as well as on new epidemiological trends that can be suspected from recent case reports and/or from recent changes in animal epidemiology of E. multilocularis infection. The People's Republic of China (PRC) is a newly recognized focus on AE in Asia. Human AE cases were firstly recognized in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Qinghai Provinces at the end of 1950s and infected animals were first reported from Ningxia in central China and north-east of Inner Mongolia in the 1980s. E. multilocularis (and human cases of AE) appears to occur in three areas: (1) Northeastern China (northeast focus): including Inner Mongolia Autonomous region and Heliongjiang Province (2) Central China (central focus): including Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Sichuan Province, Qinghai Province and Tibet Autonomous Region and (3) Northwestern China: including Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, bordered with Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. The highest prevalence of the disease, up to 15 per cent of the population in some villages, is reached in China. In Europe, data from the European Echinococcosis Registry (EurEchinoReg: 1982–2000) show 53 autochthonous cases of AE in Austria, 3 in Belgium, 235 in France, 126 in Germany, 1 in Greece, and 112 in Switzerland, and 15 ‘imported’ cases, especially from central Asia; 14 cases were collected in Poland, a country not previously considered endemic for AE. Improved diagnostic technology, as well as a real increase in the infection rate and an extension to new areas, can explain that more than 500 cases have been reported for these 2 decades while less than 900 cases were published for the previous 7 decades. New epidemiological trends are related to an unprecedented increase in the fox population in Europe, to the unexpected development of urban foxes in Japan and in Europe, and to changes in the environmental situation in many countries worldwide due to climatic or anthropic factors which might influence the host–predator relationship in the animal reservoir and/or the behavioural characteristics of the populations in the endemic areas.

Contexte: L’incidence du carcinome épidermoïde anal a nettement augmenté au cours des dernières décennies. Il n’existe actuellement aucun traitement validé pour le carcinome épidermoïde anal de stade avancé. Par conséquent, nous avons cherché à valider l’activité clinique et l’innocuité de la chimiothérapie à base de docétaxel, de cisplatine et de 5-FU (DCF) chez des patients atteints d’un carcinome épidermoïde anal récurrent, métastatique ou non résécable.Méthodes: Nous avons mené une étude de phase 2 multicentrique monobras, ayant inclus des patients de 25 CHU, centres de lutte contre le cancer et CHG en France, âgés de 18 ans ou plus atteints d’un carcinome épidermoïde anal métastatique ou récidivant non résécable confirmé histologiquement ; avec un indice de performance de 0 ou 1 ECOG et avec au moins une lésion évaluable selon les critères RECIST (version 1.1). Les patients, naïfs de chimiothérapie, ont reçu soit six cycles de DCF standard (75 mg/m2de docétaxel et 75 mg/m2de cisplatine à j1 et 750 mg/m2par jour de 5-FU pendant cinq jours, toutes les trois semaines), soit huit cycles de DCFmodifié (docétaxel à 40 mg/m2et cisplatine à 40 mg/m2à j1 et 1 200 mg/m2par jour de fluoro-uracile pendant deux jours, toutes les deux semaines), administrés par voie intraveineuse. Le choix entre les schémas standard et modifiés a été recommandé en fonction, mais sans s’y limiter, de l’âge (≤ 75 vs > 75 ans) et de l’indice de performance ECOG (0 vs 1). Le critère d’évaluation principal était la survie sans progression évaluée par l’investigateur 12 mois après le premier cycle de DCF. Pour que le critère d’évaluation principal soit atteint, au moins 11 (17 %) des 66 patients inclus devaient être en vie sans progression tumorale à 12 mois. Des analyses d’efficacité et de tolérance ont été réalisées dans une population en intention de traiter modifiée, définie comme l’ensemble des patients évaluables pour la progression à 12 mois et qui avaient reçu au moins un cycle de DCF. Cet essai est enregistré à ClinicalTrials.gov, numéro NCT02402842, et les résultats finaux sont présentés ici.Résultats: Entre le 17 septembre 2014 et le 7 décembre 2016, nous avons inclus 69 patients. Parmi ces patients, trois n’ont pas reçu de DCF. Sur les 66 patients qui ont reçu un traitement, 36 ont reçu le schéma DCF standard, et 30 ont reçu un DCF modifié. Le critère d’évaluation principal a été atteint : 31 (47 %) des 66 patients étaient en vie et sans progression à 12 mois. Vingt-deux (61 %) des 36 patients ayant reçu le schéma DCF standard et 18 (60 %) des 30 patients ayant reçu le DCF modifié ont présenté une progression de la maladie à la date de point. Quarante-six (70 %) des 66 patients ont eu au moins un événement indésirable de grade 3 ou 4 (30 [83 %] sur 36 traités par DCF standard et 16 [53 %] sur 30 traités par DCF modifié). Les effets indésirables de grade 3 ou 4 les plus fréquents étaient la neutropénie (15 [23 %], 8 [22 %] pour le DCF standard vs 7 [23 %] pour le DCF modifié), la diarrhée (12 [18 %], 9 [25 %] vs 3 [10 %]), l’asthénie (10 [15 %], 8 [22 %] vs 2 [7 %]), l’anémie (10 [15 %], 6 [17 %] vs 4 [13 %]), la lymphopénie (8 [12 %], 3 [8 %] vs 5 [17 %]), la mucite (7 [11 %], 7 [19 %] vs 0) et les vomissements (7 [11 %], 5 [14 %] vs 2 [7 %]). Aucun effet indésirable non hématologique de grade 4 ni neutropénie fébrile n’a été observé avec le DCF modifié, alors que trois (8 %) effets indésirables non hématologiques de grade 4 et cinq (14 %) neutropénies fébriles ont été rapportés avec du DCF standard. Quatre-vingt-dix-sept événements indésirables graves ont été rapportés (69 chez les patients recevant le DCF standard [61 liés au médicament] et 28 chez ceux ayant reçu le DCF modifié [14 liés au médicament]). Aucun décès lié au traitement n’a été enregistré.Conclusion: Comparé au DCF standard, le DCF modifié a permis, en première ligne, une réponse durable avec une bonne tolérance chez les patients ayant un carcinome épidermoïde anal métastatique ou récidivant non résécable, avec indice de performance ECOG de 0–1, et pourrait donc être considéré comme un nouveau traitement standard de soins chez ces patients. En raison du risque élevé d’événements indésirables graves, de toxicité sévère et de neutropénie fébrile, le DCF standard ne peut pas être recommandé dans cette situation.

Fragrant pear, Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu, is widely cultured in northern China, and is typically sweeter and of higher economic value than other pears. (2,3). In early October 2012, a fruit rot affecting approximately 30% of 300 kg of P. sinkiangersis produced in Korla orchards of Xinjiang was observed in a market of Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. Early symptoms appeared as small, round, pale yellow-brown lesions on the fruit, which expanded from 10 to 20 mm diameter in 7 days. Later, affected fruit completely rotted and were covered with grey-white mycelium after 20 days. On the surface of mycelium, branched, septate conidiophores (2.0 mm tall and 13 to 15 μm thick) were produced. These were melanized at the base and hyaline near the apex. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, ellipsoidal to obovoid, with a slightly protuberant hilum and ranged from 7 to 13.5 × 5.5 to 8.5 μm. One isolate of the pathogen (zm120286) was made by dispersing conidia on the potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, directly removed from the sporulating tissue with thin needle. The colony was gray to white and produced blackish sclerotia at the edge of the colonies, which was 3.0 to 4.0 × 2.0 to 3.0 mm after 2 weeks of incubation at 22°C. The pathogen was identified as Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr on the basis of the morphology and ITS sequencing of rDNA (1,4). The sequence (GenBank Accession No. KF010847) was 100% identical to the sequences of two Botryotinia fuckeliana (anamorph: Botrytis cinerea) (e.g., GenBank Accession Nos. KC683713, HM849615). Koch's postulates were performed by placing a 5 mm diameter mycelia plug removed from the periphery of a 7-day-old colony of zm120286 on 10 surface-sterilized fresh fragrant pears collected from Korla orchards. An equal number of fresh fragrant pears were inoculated with 5 mm diameter plugs of PDA medium to serve as controls. All fragrant pears were incubated in clear plastic boxes with a dish of sterile distilled water at 25°C under ambient light. Symptoms identical to those described in the outbreak above were observed after 3 days. From each of the symptomatic pears, B. cinerea was recovered, whereas controls remained symptom-free. To our knowledge, this is the first outbreak of B. cinerea on P. sinkiangersis in China, which may necessitate the development of pre-harvest management practices. References: (1) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, England, 1971. (2) X.W. Li et al. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 26(15):100-102, 2010. (3) T. Yu and K. Kuan. Acta Phytotaxon. Sin. 8: 202, 1963. (4) Z. Y. Zhang. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Vol. 26. Botrytis, Ramularia. Science Press, Beijing, 2006.

Phytophthora sansomeana E.M. Hansen & Reeser is a newly described species and infects Douglas-fir, alfalfa, and soybean (1). Soybean production is an important part of the local economy in Yili State in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwest China. Unfortunately since 2005, root and stem rot disease has emerged on a number of farms. To identify the causal agent, plant samples with symptoms, including whole plant wilting or yellowing and stunting, were collected from fields during 2005 and 2008. Tissue from the edges of stem lesions was placed on selective lima bean agar (LBA) at 20°C for 3 to 4 days (2,3). Four single zoospore isolates of Phytophthora were obtained and maintained on LBA or 10% V8 juice liquid medium for examination of morphological and physiological characteristics. The colonies on LBA were aerial and rosaceous. The isolates were homothallic, and oogonia and oospores were readily produced in culture after 7 days on LBA plates. Oogonia averaged 38 μm and oospore width ranged from 23 to 48 μm and averaged 31 μm. Antheridia were approximately 15 × 12 μm and predominantly amphigynous in V8 juice. Sporangia were terminal or paragynous on persistent sporangiophores, nonpapillate, ovoid to obpyriform, and measured 52 × 35 μm with an average length/breadth ratio of 1.5. Hyphal swellings were produced in V8 juice 2 days after inoculation. The optimum temperature for growth was approximately 25°C and none occurred at 0 or 35°C. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of this Phytophthora species (GenBank FJ966880) agreed 100% with sequences of P. sansomeana isolates deposited in GenBank (GQ853880 and EU925375). Pathogenicity tests were performed by hypocotyl inoculation method (2) using isolate Yili71 and potted soybean cv. Williams. Plants were grown in a growth chamber for 10 days before inoculation in 16-cm-diameter pots (2). Plants were inoculated with 2- × 2-mm plugs of mycelium grown for 4 days on LBA at 25°C, the plugs were adhered to the sides of wounded lower hypocotyls. As controls, plants were inoculated with LBA agar plugs without mycelium (2). Inoculated plants were maintained in a growth chamber at approximately 25°C with a 10-h dark/14-h light cycle and 50% relative humidity and symptom development was monitored daily for 1 week. Wounded stems inoculated with mycelium developed water-soaked lesions, which were similar to those seen on naturally infected plants. A Phytophthora sp. was reisolated from the margins of expanding lesions on wounded stems. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. sansomeana infection of soybean in China and the threat it may pose to soybean production is unclear. References: (1) E. M. Hansen et al. Mycologia 101:129. 2009. (2) Z. Y. Wang et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 43:826, 2006. (3) X. B. Zheng. Methods in Phytophthora. Chinese Agriculture Press. Beijing, China, 1995.