Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Évènement de vie'
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Panafit, Lionel. "Évènement et politique : la construction problématique de l'Islam dans l'espace public belge." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32044.
Full textDemade, Maxime. "Analyse sociale de cycles de vie : les cycles de vie des représentations paysagères de l'éolien." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30047/document.
Full textThe increasing use of the transition terms in the public debate contributes to the emergence of new research methods whom geographers begin to apprehend. Transition invites to consider a new action framework. In the matter of energy domain, the transition concept involves geographers in their socio-spatial interpretations. This new spatiotemporal frame, where are introduced the notions of territorialisation of the energy and the reversibility, provides an opportunity to consider these issues from a reinterpretation of the space-time couple. In this context, the thesis aims in understanding and analyzing of socio-spatial mechanisms tested by the renewable energies development, especially wind turbines. The specificity of this approach may be a geographical rendition of the Life Cycle Assessment method. For this purpose, the thesis requires the concept of landscape in its dynamic meaning. However, the life cycle assessment invites us to reshape the idea of landscape dynamics according to the notion of event. The thesis explores the arrival of a wind turbines project as an event and it focus on its sudden emergence, the induced socio-spatial destabilizations and the individual and social adaptations. The purpose of this research is to investigate a Social Life Cycle Assessment of the landscape representations of the wind energy. This ambition faces a time constraint. The allowed time of a PhD thesis faces political times and the times of the experience. Created events or suffered events impact the socio-spatial representations differently and over various timescales. Considering a diachronic study brings about rethinking the epistemological and methodological issues raised by a corpus which gathers several types of data, from different sources and which would be analyzed together. The analysis is led on discourses and especially on spatial textual references along with the individual sensibilities revealed when a wind turbines project is initiated on territory. The thesis tracks the life cycle steps of windpower-events that we interpret according to the socio-spatial context of the study terrains
Poupard, Maude. "Problèmes de jeu chez les aînés : l'influence perçue des évènements de vie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29695/29695.pdf.
Full textChiasson, Luc. "Les évènements stressants de la vie du cégépien : construction d'une échelle de mesure." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29435.
Full textGuiraud, Vincent. "Évènements de vie : rôle dans la survenue d'un infarctus cérébral et d'une dépression post-AVC." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715171.
Full textGuiraud, Vincent. "Évènements de vie : rôle dans la survenue d’un infarctus cérébral et d’une dépression post-AVC." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05S007/document.
Full textMethods and main results. In our systematic review of potential triggers of ischemic stroke, the only study that examined stressful life events didn’t show any association with stroke onset. In a prospective study of 247 consecutive patients admitted for ischemic stroke, exposure to at least one stressful life event was significantly more common during the first month preceding stroke onset than during the five control periods (OR=2.96 ; 95% CI 2.19-4.00). Stressful life events exposure also predicted depression occurring within six months after ischemic stroke onset. The other predictors of post-stroke depression were a modified Rankin score > 2, a prior history of depression, a left caudate and/or lenticular lesion, the female sex and pathologic crying.Conclusion and perspectives. Our results support the role of stressful life events as triggers of ischemic stroke and predictors of post-stroke depression. Our research also highlights the difficulty of studying stressful life events, due to potential influence of memory biases and lack of precise definitions of stressful life events, severe vs. minor events and hazard period durations. These preliminary results should be confirmed in order to assess benefits of preventive strategies
Sourdet, Sandrine. "« De la dépendance à la fin de vie du sujet âgé : évènements iatrogènes et prévention »." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30237.
Full textHospitalization, functional decline, institutionalization and ultimately death, are common and serious risks in the elderly population. More than 1.2 million older adults in France experience disability. Disability can be explained by two leading causes: chronic diseases and hospitalizations. In older patients, hospitalization associated disability can be triggered by the acute illness that requires hospitalization, but also by inappropriate health care management, and iatrogenic events. We demonstrated that hospitalization associated disability was high in older hospitalized patients, and often explained by iatrogenic events that could be preventable. Previous studies have reported a high risk of functional decline in older patients with cancer. In this population, functional decline can be explained by the impact of the cancer itself, but also adverse effects of the oncologic treatment. To prevent treatment-related complications and assess the appropriateness of the oncologic treatment, a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is recommended in oncology practice. We aimed to identify domains of CGA that could influence treatment decision in older patients with cancer. Institutionalization is a common outcome in disabled older adults. Nearly 600 000 older adults live in nursing home in France, and 90 000 residents die in nursing home each year. The management of pain and uncomfortable symptoms is a priority in end of life residents. An optimal palliative care management involves optimization of drug prescriptions, including the prescription of symptom-oriented drug therapy but also the limitation of adverse drug events. We assessed drug prescriptions in end of life residents in nursing home, including inappropriate drug prescriptions
Gagné, Geneviève. "Étude de la relation entre les évènements de vie et le choix de carrière chez des élèves de cinquième secondaire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0020/MQ56903.pdf.
Full textAmmour, Rabah. "Contribution au diagnostic et pronostic des systèmes à évènements discrets temporisés par réseaux de Petri stochastiques." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH21/document.
Full textDue to the increasing complexity of systems and to the limitation of sensors number, developing monitoring methods is a main issue. This PhD thesis deals with the fault diagnosis and prognosis of timed Discrete Event Systems (DES). For that purpose, partially observed stochastic Petri nets are used to model the system. The model represents both the nominal and faulty behaviors of the system and characterizes the uncertainty on the occurrence of events as random variables with exponential distributions. It also considers partial measurements of both markings and events to represent the sensors of the system. Our main contribution is to exploit the timed information, namely the dates of the measurements for the fault diagnosis and prognosis of DES. From the proposed model and collected measurements, the behaviors of the system that are consistent with those measurements are obtained. Based on the event dates, our approach consists in evaluating the probabilities of the consistent behaviors. The probability of faults occurrences is obtained as a consequence. When a fault is detected, a method to estimate its occurrence date is proposed. From the probability of the consistent trajectories, a state estimation is deduced. The future possible behaviors of the system, from the current state, are considered in order to achieve fault prediction. This prognosis result is extended to estimate the remaining useful life as a time interval. Finally, a case study representing a sorting system is proposed to show the applicability of the developed methods
Ducloy, Camille. "Etude des premiers évènements d'infection par le VIH-1 dans les tissus du tractus génital féminin : inhibition par les anticorps." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ103/document.
Full textDuring intercourse, HIV free virus particles and cell-associated virus, penetrate into the female genital mucosa. The first events following HIV transmission in tissues are still controversial. In order to analyze these first events of transmission, two different models were developed during my thesis: a heterologous model of HIV transmission with cells generated from blood and a model with cells isolated from cervico-vaginal tissues. We found that dendritic cells are preferentially infected. Moreover, neutralizing antibodies efficiently inhibit these first events of HIV transmission. Future HIV prophylactic vaccine design should take into account the potential infection of dendritic cells and new strategies should be developed to prevent the infection of these particular cell populations
Bauer, Virginie. "Contribution à l'influence des événements de vie dans l'étiologie des maladies démentielles de l'âgé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0339/document.
Full textAmong the elderly, Alzheimer disease and related pathologies currently constitute a real public health issue. The anatomo-pathological lesions of these diseases may be clearly defined but their etiology remains uncertain and is likely multifactorial. As a clinician psychologist, theories involving psychism in the etiology of demential diseases among elderly, first held my attention. A review of the question enabled me to make a list supposed to be exhaustive and divided into 3 categories : psycho-dynamic, psycho-social theories and multifactorial integrative patterns. Among the latter, the one involving life events as risk factors motivated this double research. Thus is a qualitive procedure, 2 studies started in parallel. The first retrospective dealing with life stories of a population of 30 people affected by Alzheimer or related diseases, hosted in a protected life-unit ; the second prospective scanning through cognitive evolution based on several years for 30 elderly people unharmed by troubles at the start of the study (depending on their life stories having many or few life events). If a certain amount of disturbing events are recounted by relatives for most of the patients of the retrospective research, the prospective research shows that an important number of live events is neither a sufficient nor a necessary condition to represent a risk factor of cognitive troubles. On the other hand, the elaboration or non elaboration of there events, their traumatic or non traumatic aspect (linked with the received or not received support and help) seems to be determining in the cognitive evolution of the subjects. Finally, among most of the subjects for whom past events prove to be traumatic, a contemporary "loss"-like episode would revive memories and would be an accelerating factor of cognitive troubles and even a collapse to a memory pathology
Congard, Anne. "Approche longitudinale de la variabilité interindividuelle et intra-individuelle des affects : vers une meilleure compréhension de l'interaction entre personnalité et évènements de vie." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10071.
Full textFruit, Dorothée. "EPIGREN : une cohorte pharmaco-clinique en transplantation rénale – Objectifs, méthodes, caractéristiques des patients greffés rénaux et de leur qualité de vie." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0074/document.
Full textAmong all existing studies/cohorts in kidney transplantation, only a few study the impact of the pharmacological parameters. In addition to the clinical file, the use of a self-administered questionnaire has been validated to collect these data. Comparison between clinical file and self-administered questionnaire concerning the reporting of adverse events highlighted some differences. Infections were the most reported adverse events by the physicians while the patients declared only a few. Adherence evaluated with the self-administered questionnaire decreased between the first and third post-transplantation year and so did the feeling of euphoria and revival. The « Mental health » dimension of the quality of life (QOL) ReTransQol score decreased over this period. However patients’ fear of losing the graft increased as shown by the decrease of the « Fear of losing the graft » dimension of the QOL score. QOL, evaluated by generic and kidney-transplanted-specific questionnaires is also an important parameter that must be considered in patient follow-up. Psychometric properties of the second version of the ReTransQol, as well as its reproducibility and its sensitivity to changes have been validated as early as the 3rd post-kidney-transplantation month. The pharmacoeconomic study Ephegren, development of Epigren cohort, will study the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility ratio of immunosuppressive and anti-cytomegalovirus strategies. Guidelines will then be proposed to standardise the treatments and decrease the management costs of kidney-transplant recipients
Raad, Eliana. "Towards better privacy preservation by detecting personal events in photos shared within online social networks." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS079/document.
Full textToday, social networking has considerably changed why people are taking pictures all the time everywhere they go. More than 500 million photos are uploaded and shared every day, along with more than 200 hours of videos every minute. More particularly, with the ubiquity of smartphones, social network users are now taking photos of events in their lives, travels, experiences, etc. and instantly uploading them online. Such public data sharing puts at risk the users’ privacy and expose them to a surveillance that is growing at a very rapid rate. Furthermore, new techniques are used today to extract publicly shared data and combine it with other data in ways never before thought possible. However, social networks users do not realize the wealth of information gathered from image data and which could be used to track all their activities at every moment (e.g., the case of cyberstalking). Therefore, in many situations (such as politics, fraud fighting and cultural critics, etc.), it becomes extremely hard to maintain individuals’ anonymity when the authors of the published data need to remain anonymous.Thus, the aim of this work is to provide a privacy-preserving constraint (de-linkability) to bound the amount of information that can be used to re-identify individuals using online profile information. Firstly, we provide a framework able to quantify the re-identification threat and sanitize multimedia documents to be published and shared. Secondly, we propose a new approach to enrich the profile information of the individuals to protect. Therefore, we exploit personal events in the individuals’ own posts as well as those shared by their friends/contacts. Specifically, our approach is able to detect and link users’ elementary events using photos (and related metadata) shared within their online social networks. A prototype has been implemented and several experiments have been conducted in this work to validate our different contributions
Munno, Cristina. "L' écheveau des parentèles au village : dynamiques démographiques, mobilisations réticulaires et parcours individuels dans une communauté de Vénétie au XIX siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0121.
Full textThe study is made from the complete reconstruction of an industrial Italian village (textile industry) in the 19th century: Follina, in Venetia. In the 19th century, the local population rose from 1,200 inbabitants to nearly 1600. Kinship is called to report empirically its role in the transmission of the values and social capitals with regard to the community context. Kinship is observed by its ability to influence interpersonal and intergenerational relationship. Thesis' narrative is divided into two parts. On the one band an analysis of context, relationships and positions, in an almost microhistorical way, on the other band more sophisticated analysis using methods of formal Social Network Analysis and methods of Event History Analysis. Analyses focus on demographic events such as marriage, migration, death and birth control (source population registers). Through studies on the godparenthood relation, as an important social relation, it is possible to estimate in an original way the quality of the kinships' practices. The survey goes to the sense to place each actor (families, individuals) in the exact "availability" and the "quality" which he has in the village. Which considering other variables such as socio-economic, gender, age, it could be observe what are the priorities given in families, how to define the demographic choices and availability of kin when managing the emergencies and mutual support
Langlois, Simon. "Un diagnostic "psy" invisible : le cas du trouble d'adaptation." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4509/1/M12332.pdf.
Full textChebat, Myriam. "Dynamiques familiales transgénérationnelles : le cas de descendants de survivants juifs de la Shoah (Holocauste) à Montréal." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4909/1/M12514.pdf.
Full textLuce, Christelle. "Les joueurs de hasard et d’argent au Québec : trajectoires et exploration des facteurs explicatifs du changement." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18495.
Full textModerate risk and problem gamblers in the Province of Quebec represent 1.4% and 0.4% of the population, respectively (Kairouz et al., 2015). Albeit prolific, the research on gamblers’ trajectories has been hampered by several methodological shortcomings leading to heterogeneity in results. Moreover, few have empirically investigated factors that were associated with change. However, it is known that life events or significant changes in people's life have an impact on the development of psychopathology (Brown & Harris, 1989). The purpose of this thesis is to explore the ways in which gamblers evolve over time depending on the severity of their gambling behaviors and harmful consequences, and to examine prospectively associations between life events and problem gambling severity. Using a two-year follow-up prospective design including three measurement waves, 179 gamblers selected from a representative survey divided into the four categories (non-problem, low-risk, moderate-risk, and problem gamblers) of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (Ferris et al., 2001) were examined. Occurrence of life events was also assessed annually. Our analyses reveal that the moderate-risk gamblers are highly heterogeneous, both in their composition and their evolution. Problem gamblers remain vulnerable and are at-risk of experiencing chronic problems over time. Cross-lagged analyses showed that some specific life events related to work, financial, social and lifestyle arenas, as well as the cumulative number of life events, were prospectively associated with an increase in severity of problem gambling 12-months later. Thus, this dissertation shows the significance of addressing sub-group specificities in secondary prevention programs, and the necessity for continuity of cares and relapse prevention in treatment programs. Moreover, social circumstances and stress affect gambling trajectories and need to be taken into account in secondary prevention and treatment.
Joly-Comtois, Marc-Olivier. "Incidence, sévérité et impact à long terme des évènements hémorragiques et la qualité de vie après le remplacement de valve aortique mécanique chez les jeunes adultes." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24496.
Full textThe aortic valve is a central component of the heart, experiencing high strain. The consequences of any dysfunctions are usually important, notably heart failure, which in itself is associated with many symptoms and lower quality of life. To prevent this complication, it is possible to replace the valve with a prosthesis. There are many options for the surgeon’s team and the patient to choose from. The latest American guidelines do not have clear recommendations for patients aged between 50 and 70 years. These patients aged 65 years and less, categorized as non-elderly adults, are receiving less and less mechanical prosthesis in profit of the biological ones. This trend seems to be based in part on some studies suggesting comparable survival between these alternatives. Moreover, the mechanical valve is frequently not recommended because it necessitates a lifelong anticoagulant treatment. However, few studies have reported a long-term follow-up of these younger patients analyzing the impact on the quality of life and the risk of major bleeding. The goal of our study was to analyze the incidence, severity and impact of major bleedings and the quality of life after aortic valve replacement in these patients. After a mean follow-up of 11 years, results show a linearized rate of 0.8% per patient-year and the associated mortality is low at 3.3%, consisting of 2 intracranial hemorrhages. Overall, 48 patients experienced a major bleeding (8.9%). On the other hand, the impact on the quality of life measured with a valve-specific questionnaire is low. Also, only 10.5% of the patients were using self-management or self-medication to monitor their anticoagulation, suggesting a lot of room for improvement in this regard. This study helps better define long-term outcomes in this patient population in order to better inform patients about surgical options.
Dutczak, Hartley. "Exposure to Stressful Life Events and Lung Cancer Risk." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16304.
Full textObjective: To examine exposure to stressful life events in relation to lung cancer risk. Methods: Our research used data from a case-control study conducted in Montreal from 1996 to 2001. Cases were diagnosed with histologically confirmed incident lung cancer at one of 18 Montreal-area hospitals. Controls were randomly selected from the Quebec electoral list and frequency matched to the distribution of cases by sex and 5 year age groups. Data was collected on sociodemographic characteristics, lifetime smoking, and lifestyle factors including 8 stressful life events. Participants indicated the stressful life events they experienced over the past six years, and an appraisal of their level of stress due to each event on a three-point scale. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Each stressful life event was analyzed individually as well as in grouped variables measuring total number of events, loss events and socioeconomic events. Analyses of self-appraised impact scores were also conducted; additionally an external perceived stress score was also employed. Results: 1061 cases and 1422 population controls were included in the analyses. Overall, we observed no association between lung cancer and stressful life events. A decrease in risk for socioeconomic events self-appraised as not very stressful was observed (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31, 0.81), which included job loss, increase in debt, and move to another city. Conclusion: Our results suggest that socioeconomic events, deemed not very stressful, may reduce the risk of lung cancer.
Matte-Gagné, Célia. "Le soutien maternel à l’autonomie : stabilité et relation avec le développement des fonctions exécutives à l'âge préscolaire." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8983.
Full textDespite growing empirical support for the idea that maternal autonomy support plays an important role in child development, many questions remained to be investigated. Especially, little is known about its temporal stability, its antecedents, and its relations with child cognitive development. The first article aims to examine the potential mediating role of child language in the prospective relation between maternal autonomy support and child executive functioning (EF). The second article aims to examine (a) the relative and absolute stability of maternal autonomy support between infancy and preschool age and (b) the moderating role of child gender, maternal attachment state of mind, and stressful life events. The goal of the third article is to examine the role of early and ongoing maternal autonomy support, and of its stability over time, in predicting child EF. 70 mother-infant dyads took part in five assessments. At 7-8 months, the Adult Attachment Interview (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1996) was administered to assess mothers’ state of mind with respect to attachment. Maternal autonomy support was rated at 15 months and 3 years with Whipple, Bernier, and Mageau’s (2011) coding scheme, based on observations performed during a mother-child problem-solving task (15 months) and a clean-up task (3 years). Stressful life events were measured at 18 months, 2 and 3 years with the Life Experiences Survey (Sarason, Johnson, & Siegel, 1978) completed by mothers. At 2 years, mothers were asked to complete the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (Dionne, Tremblay, Boivin, Laplante, & Pérusse, 2003) to measure child language ability. Finally, child EF was assessed with a battery of tasks chosen based on Carlson’s (2005) measurement guidelines. The results of the first paper suggested that child language played a mediating role in the relation between maternal autonomy support and child performance on EF tasks entailing a strong impulse control component. The results of the second article revealed that maternal autonomy support is stable in relative terms, but that its mean level decreases over time. Moreover, there was significant relative stability only for mothers of girls, mothers who showed greater coherence of mind with respect to attachment, and mothers who experienced fewer stressful life events. The results of the last article showed that the average level of autonomy support displayed by mothers between infancy and preschool years was a more consistent predictor of child Impulse Control and Conflict-EF (two aspects of EF) than either early or current autonomy support in isolation, and that children of mothers who displayed high autonomy support at both 15 months and 3 years performed the best on impulse control. The results presented in the articles are discussed, along with their implications.