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1
Shao, Lihua, and Liying Song. "An Optimization Approach considering Passengers’ Space-Time Requirements for Bus Bridging Service under URT Disruption." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (September 16, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2113311.
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Rapid urbanization and growth of population in megacities generate severe pressures on urban rail transit (URT) system. The quantity and frequency of disruptive events have increased significantly, which might have obvious adverse impacts. A large number of passengers are stranded at disrupted URT station when a disruptive event occurs. One essential solution for passenger evacuation is the bus bridging service. This paper is aimed at addressing the passenger evacuation problem caused by a disruptive event in the URT network, by proposing a bus bridging service model considering the passengers’ space-time requirements. The model is proposed to minimize the waiting time of passengers and considers factors including bus service capacity limitations, bus stop parking capacity, and the maximum bridging time limit of a single bus. Buses are assumed to provide bridging service on either the local bus route or the direct bus route. The optimal routes and scheduling plans of bridging bus are designed. The model is applied to an example of a disruptive event in Shanghai URT line 9. The results of this example show that the proposed model is capable of reducing the waiting time of passengers and the number of buses used by 3.2% and 24.7%, compared with the traditional bus bridging service. Further analysis of the example shows that it is not a cost-effective solution to reserve a large number of buses for URT disruption. Decision-makers should comprehensively trade off between passengers’ space-time demands and monetary costs of bus bridging service.
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Rusak, Zbigniew. "Overview of bus constructions offered in Europe, presented at bus fairs in 2018." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 21, no. 3 (2019): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.098.
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The most important fair event in Poland was Targi Transportu Zbiorowego Transexpo (Public Transport Fairs) oragnized by Targi Kielce and Economic Chamber of Urban Transport. Despite that, at almost the same time on our continent, eight other bus events were organized, where has been presented 600 buses. That exhibitions took place in Germany, Russian, Italy, Great Britain, Ireland and Czech. It is important to look at the vehicles shown in Kielce through the prism of other fairs. In this way, we will receive a full list of active bus manufacturers in Europe and a full picture of their marketing policy on individual market. That is the idea of this article.
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Elvira, David García, Hugo Valderrama Blaví, Àngel Cid Pastor, and Luis Martínez Salamero. "Efficiency Optimization of a Variable Bus Voltage DC Microgrid." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113090.
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A variable bus voltage DC microgrid (MG) is simulated in Simulink for optimization purposes. It is initially controlled with a Voltage Event Control (VEC) algorithm supplemented with a State of Charge Event Control (SOCEC) algorithm. This control determines the power generated/consumed by each element of the MG based on bus voltage and battery State of Charge (SOC) values. Two supplementary strategies are proposed and evaluated to improve the DC-DC converters’ efficiency. First, bus voltage optimization control: a centralized Energy Management System (EMS) manages the battery power in order to make the bus voltage follow the optimal voltage reference. Second, online optimization of switching frequency: local drivers operate each converter at its optimal switching frequency. The two proposed optimization strategies have been verified in the simulations.
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Brunet, Alain, Caroline Boucher, and Richard Boyer. "Social Desirability in the Assessment of Trauma." Psychological Reports 79, no. 2 (1996): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.2.511.
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Since admitting distress is often considered undesirable, the role of social desirability as a moderator variable in the assessment of traumatic events scores, on the PTSD Interview, and diagnosis was investigated. A sample of 342 city bus drivers were grouped by their lifetime exposure to trauma (nonexposed, stressful but nontraumatic event, traumatic event). Analyses replicate and extend findings from the literature on life events: social desirability plays a marginal role as a moderator variable in the assessment of trauma.
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Virendra, Sharma, Kavita Rawat, Gaurav Jain, and Rachit Saxena. "Power Quality Diagnosis Due to Integration of Renewable Energy Source at Utility Grid." ITM Web of Conferences 57 (2023): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20235703002.
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Article outlines hybrid energy sources for fulfil supply demand through proposed approach. The hybrid renewable energy sources generation capacity of 6 kW as solar power and 50 kW power as solid oxide fuel cell plant with storage system are interfaced to the DC bus in proposed paper for performance diagnosis on the basis of power demand as per utility load application by conversion of DC power to AC power and power quality of grid/load parameters collected on PCC, which affected by RE source integration at utility bus in terms of power quality parameters as per event ON/OFF grid mode. For this study design a two-bus test system, first bus is DC bus for integration of solar PV plant and solid oxide fuel cell power plant to generate hybrid DC power which convert to AC power by using inverter technology and deliver to the second bus of utility load bus in proposed test system for application of utility load as well as utility grid as per event proposed. A low pass LC filter is modeled to remove high frequency harmonics from the inverter output which is fed to grid as well as test system of utility network.
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Mahachandra, Manik, and Vania Avviantari. "EVALUASI SAFETY CRITICAL EVENT PENGEMUDI BUS UNTUK MEMINIMASI KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS." J@ti Undip : Jurnal Teknik Industri 13, no. 2 (2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jati.13.2.83-90.
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AbstrakBus sebagai salah satu moda transportasi darat semakin diminati warga masyarakat dan menjadi salah satu solusi kemacetan di kota-kota besar. Untuk itu, keamanan aktivitas berkendara harus menjadi perhatian. Salah satu aspek penting adalah kondisi kelelahan pengemudi, yang dapat mendorong turunnya tingkat kewaspadaan, sehingga memunculkan safety critical event (SCE). SCE adalah suatu kejadian yang mengharuskan pengemudi mengambil tindakan untuk menghindari kecelakaan, yang dapat dikelompokkan menjadi crash relevant conflict, near-crash, dan crash. Untuk membantu pengambil keputusan dalam upaya menekan risiko kecelakaan lalu lintas, maka penelitian ini dilakukan mengetahui fenomena SCE dan faktor pengaruh SCE pada pengemudi bus. Dengan pengamatan naturalistik, aktivitas 18 orang pengemudi bus diamati selama beberapa hari. Wawancara juga dilakukan terkait aktivitas berkendara sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi jalan yang ramai, bentuk jalan yang lurus, dan memiliki banyak persimpangan berhubungan erat dengan frekuensi SCE yang tinggi. Kejadian SCE secara signifikan meningkat pada pukul 10:00-14:00, atau setelah pengemudi bekerja selama lebih dari satu jam. Terakhir, penelitian ini juga menyarankan agar pengemudi diharuskan berhenti sejenak dan beristirahat, masing-masing setelah 1 jam dan 4 jam berkendara untuk menurunkan risiko munculnya kelelahan saat berkendara. Karena itu, penentuan jalur dan penempatan halte dapat diatur untuk menyesuaikan kebutuhan istirahat ini. AbstractEvaluation of Bus Drivers’ Safety Critical Event to Minimize Traffic Accident. Bus has been favorable transportation nowadays, and the number of passangers has been rapidly increase. To ensure the safety on the road, one main aspects that has to be maintained is drivers’ physical condition. On some condition, when the alertness level decrease, drivers may experienced safety critical event (SCE) – an event that requires driver to take action to avoid traffic accident, which can be categorized into crash relevant conflict, near-crash, and crash. Therefore, this study aims to explore the SCE phenomenon and factors that related to it. Applying naturalistic study, video data of 18 bus drivers were collected. Interviews were also conducted after each driving activity. Study results showed that roads that were crowded, considerably straight, or had many intersections significantly correlated with highest occurance of SCE. The number of SCE also significantly higher on 10:00-14:00, or when drivers had been driving for more than one hour. Finally, this study suggest that drivers must stop driving and take some rest, each after 1 and 4 hours driving. So that, the bus route and rest areas can be designed to meet this need. Keywords: Bus driver; Safety critical event; Road condition; Time of driving; Driving duration
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Zou, Qian, Wen Xiong, Xiaoxuan Wang, and Fukun Qin. "Research on Real-Time Anomaly Detection Method of Bus Trajectory Based on Flink." Electronics 12, no. 18 (2023): 3897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12183897.
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Bus transportation system has become the primary mode of traffic for urban residents. Every day, thousands of buses provide services for millions of passengers. Efficiently monitoring bus trajectories is essential for evaluating service quality and ensuring public safety. In this study, we propose a Flink-based solution to detect anomalies for bus trajectories in real time. Specifically, it can identify two types of anomalies. The first type is when a bus deviates from its designated route during a trip. The second type is when a bus arrives at a scheduled stop along its route but fails to stop. This solution employs CEP (Complex Event Processing) to determine bus arrival events and control the detection process. In this process, it utilizes the state management mechanism to save and update a bus’s actual trajectory, which is derived from the raw GPS trajectory and maintained as a stop sequence. Subsequently, it uses LCSS (Longest Common Subsequence) to measure the trajectory similarity between the actual bus trajectory and the scheduled route. We validate the solution using a large-scale real dataset in a Flink cluster with six virtual machines. The experimental results show that (1) each core can handle anomaly detection on 12.5 buses simultaneously and (2) the detection accuracies of the two anomalies are 90.5% and 89.3%, respectively.
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Liu, Xue Feng, Hao Ran Wang, Yan Yan Zhao, and Xiao Ling Yang. "Multi-Sensor Real-Time Event Service Based on Improved Sensor Bus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 1480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.1480.
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Sensor Bus is an important part of Sensor Web. This paper proposes a distributed real-time sensor event service model based on improved Sensor Bus which uses a plurality of different protocol sensors as information sources. The model constructs a receiver module for each sensor in which each type of sensor has a corresponding agent to be responsible for receiving real-time data measured by the sensor. These data will be packaged into XMPP messages in order to send to XMPP Server. Sensor event service (SES) communicates with XMPP Server via SES Adapter, filter event according the clients subscription request and notify client when the event meets the subscription conditions. We verify the validity and feasibility of the model through the simulation of high temperature monitoring and warning service of sensors using TCP and UDP protocols respectively.
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Liu, Dong, Feng Xiao, Jian Luo, and Fan Yang. "Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Holding Control for Bus Bunching under Stochastic Travel Time and Demand." Sustainability 15, no. 14 (2023): 10947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151410947.
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Due to the inherent uncertainties of the bus system, bus bunching remains a challenging problem that degrades bus service reliability and causes passenger dissatisfaction. This paper introduces a novel deep reinforcement learning framework specifically designed to address the bus bunching problem by implementing dynamic holding control in a multi-agent system. We formulate the bus holding problem as a decentralized, partially observable Markov decision process and develop an event-driven simulator to emulate real-world bus operations. An approach based on deep Q-learning with parameter sharing is proposed to train the agents. We conducted extensive experiments to evaluate the proposed framework against multiple baseline strategies. The proposed approach has proven to be adaptable to the uncertainties in bus operations. The results highlight the significant advantages of the deep reinforcement learning framework across various performance metrics, including reduced passenger waiting time, more balanced bus load distribution, decreased occupancy variability, and shorter travel time. The findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed method for practical application in real-world bus systems, offering promising solutions to mitigate bus bunching and enhance overall service quality.
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Bin Yusof, Mustafa, and Mohammad Amirul Affiz Bin Afripin. "Effect of Beam Profile Size on Bus Superstructure Strength Having Rollover Crash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 372 (August 2013): 620–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.620.
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This paper deals with structural analysis of bus superstructure undergoes rollover event. Bus superstructure with varying beam profile size will undergo rollover simulations analysis. The purpose of this work is to analyze structural response of bus superstructure in terms of deformation, stress and strain under several loadings and constraining conditions. These rollover simulations were run according to United Nation Economic Commission of Europe Regulation 66 (UNECE R66). Validation procedure using simple box modeled undergoes rollover have been done to ensure the results are synchronized with real problem. An interaction with bus coach builder allows author acquired accurate bus superstructure dimensions before designing the mathematical model in finite element analysis software. Three full-scale bus superstructures mathematical model with difference cant-rail horizontal roof beam profile size was developed and the deformation of superstructure during and after rollover testing had been study. Analyses suggested that one of the contributing factors that lead to the failure of bus having rollover accident is cant-rail and roof structure profile size.
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Zhang, Lin-rui, Jun Xiao, Xu-guang Zhang, and Wei-wei Zhang. "Real-Time Analysis and Research of Vehicle CAN." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2252, no. 1 (2022): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2252/1/012053.
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Abstract The real-time evaluation method of CAN bus is studied. The event-triggered CAN protocol has no limitation on the worst transmission time of information. Based on the study of ratio monotone analysis (RMA), a single step recursive relation equation is deduced. Using LabWindows /CVI design and analysis software, the research method is applied to offline realtime analysis of CAN bus information of a certain vehicle. The results show that this method is of great significance to the real-time evaluation of CAN bus.
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Zhang, Lin-rui, Jun Xiao, Xu-guang Zhang, and Wei-wei Zhang. "Real-Time Analysis and Research of Vehicle CAN." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2252, no. 1 (2022): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2252/1/012053.
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Abstract The real-time evaluation method of CAN bus is studied. The event-triggered CAN protocol has no limitation on the worst transmission time of information. Based on the study of ratio monotone analysis (RMA), a single step recursive relation equation is deduced. Using LabWindows /CVI design and analysis software, the research method is applied to offline realtime analysis of CAN bus information of a certain vehicle. The results show that this method is of great significance to the real-time evaluation of CAN bus.
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Solah, Mohd Syazwan, Aqbal Hafeez Ariffin, Mohd Hafzi Mohd Isa, et al. "Assessment of Bus Interior Design in Malaysia." Advanced Engineering Forum 10 (December 2013): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.10.367.
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Road accidents involving bus in Malaysia is very alarming. National statistics showed that bus accident cases increased significantly at 48% between the year 2006 and the year 2008. This study focuses on design of bus concerningon ergonomics factors to eliminate injury that may pose to bus passenger either in collision or non-collision event. Data sourcethat used for this paper were obtained from bus a carried out at PUSPAKOM. This study managed to assess 224 samples and collected measurement for items stated in UN R36. Several design issues that can potentially contribute to passenger injury such as doors, seats, handrail and steps are highlighted and discussed in this paper. Findings from this paper revealed that current regulation already address the critical measurement to ensure passenger safety is taking care while in the bus. However, some related items seem to be obsolete and need to be revised accordingly.
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Ayoubi, Shinwari and Khan. "An Event-Driven Service Oriented Architecture Approach for E-Governance Systems." Kardan Journal of Engineering and Technology 1, no. 1 (2019): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.31841/KJET.2021.1.
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The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in industries have brought a significant increase in productivity and reliability of the systems, especially in Electronic-Governance. Meanwhile, the governmental organizations try to automate and accelerate the services for the citizens using ICT. The Event-Driven architecture has brought new essences of service automation empowered by Complex Event Processing (CEP) engines. In this architectural design approach, we proposed a novel Event-Driven architecture supported by integrated service bus to provide diverse system integration for the heterogeneous data of multiple types of organizations. The system is automated using CEP engine which is taking the data from different modules for analysis. The architecture evaluation shows that our model is comprised of the characteristics needed for a noble architectural model.
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Zuo, Wen, Ying Shao, Li Ming Wang, and Ming Lei. "Ship Synchronized Phasor Measurement Method Based on TTCAN." Advanced Materials Research 601 (December 2012): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.601.139.
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Synchronized Phasor Measurement Unit with CAN bus can be used to phasor acquisition and real-time dynamic monitoring of ship power system. As it is known to all, traditional CAN communication is based on event-triggered mechanism. Message transmission will be delayed when there are a lot of messages in CAN bus. This paper used TTCAN protocol to synchronize the master and slave clock nodes based on STM32 microcontrollers. A Fast Fourier transform of AD samples was been done and transferred to host computer through CAN bus which reflects the real-time running status of system well.
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Jefferies, Dominic, and Dietmar Göhlich. "A Comprehensive TCO Evaluation Method for Electric Bus Systems Based on Discrete-Event Simulation Including Bus Scheduling and Charging Infrastructure Optimisation." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 3 (2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj11030056.
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Bus operators around the world are facing the transformation of their fleets from fossil-fuelled to electric buses. Two technologies prevail: Depot charging and opportunity charging at terminal stops. Total cost of ownership (TCO) is an important metric for the decision between the two technologies; however, most TCO studies for electric bus systems rely on generalised route data and simplifying assumptions that may not reflect local conditions. In particular, the need to reschedule vehicle operations to satisfy electric buses’ range and charging time constraints is commonly disregarded. We present a simulation tool based on discrete-event simulation to determine the vehicle, charging infrastructure, energy and staff demand required to electrify real-world bus networks. These results are then passed to a TCO model. A greedy scheduling algorithm is developed to plan vehicle schedules suitable for electric buses. Scheduling and simulation are coupled with a genetic algorithm to determine cost-optimised charging locations for opportunity charging. A case study is carried out in which we analyse the electrification of a metropolitan bus network consisting of 39 lines with 4748 passenger trips per day. The results generally favour opportunity charging over depot charging in terms of TCO; however, under some circumstances, the technologies are on par. This emphasises the need for a detailed analysis of the local bus network in order to make an informed procurement decision.
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Young-Su Kwon and Chong-Min Kyung. "Performance-driven event-based synchronization for multi-FPGA simulation accelerator with event time-multiplexing bus." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 24, no. 9 (2005): 1444–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2005.852035.
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Yang, Wei Jun, and Xiao Song Guo. "Time Triggered and Event Triggered Codesign in CAN Bus Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 1036–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.1036.
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Network Control System has more aperiodic tasks.If Nodes in the network only using the time triggered task model, the message and task could easily lead to deadline miss or time stamp is too large to produce a long delay. So using the task model of time triggered and event triggered mechanism in this paper is designed, and the embedded operating system be modified to support the mechanism . It has been applied in the simulation environment to prove the effectiveness of the mechanism.
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Cerrito, L., and H. Lebbolo. "HFB: A Fast Bus Multi Event Double Port Buffer Memory." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 33, no. 1 (1986): 822–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.1986.4337227.
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Brunet, Alain, Richard Boyer, Pascale Brillon, Esther Ehrensaft, and Randolph Stephenson. "Lifetime Exposure to Traumatic Events among a Sample of City Bus Drivers." Psychological Reports 83, no. 3_suppl (1998): 1155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.3f.1155.
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Lifetime exposure to traumatic events was assessed retrospectively among a representative sample of city bus drivers (228 men and 54 women) from Montreal, Canada. Among them, 68.1% reported at least one exposure to a traumatic event of any type. Among the 68% exposed, 70.4% reported multiple traumatic exposures ( M = 2.6, SD = 1.67), with ratings ranging from 0 to 12. This report underlines the fact that the prevalence of traumatic events is not yet well known. Epidemiological research should devote more effort to assess fully the lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and not only cases of PTSD.
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Liu, Jun Gang, and Guo Jun Huang. "Study on Task Optimization of Distributed Gas-Electric Hybrid Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 864 (April 2017): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.864.242.
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Refer to the task allocating and optimization problem of distributed gas-electric hybrid control system, this paper establishes graph model of system hardware structure and application event of the distributed real-time control. The task allocation in distributed application process is abstract as mapping between those two sets. A task allocation scheme of minimum load bus is proposed from the angles of system bus and message mapping. Combined with the design of the gas-electric hybrid power system, genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the optimization problem, and the program verification and the bus analysis are carried out on the experimental bench. The test results show that the proposed scheme can satisfy all kinds of task constraints and resource constraints, the efficiency of the bus is improved, and consumption of resources is reduced.
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Martin Lopez, Elian A., Hannah Riva, Shravya Kichena Kichena, et al. "Abstract C012: Evaluation of skin cancer screening education provided by dermatologists with The Sun Bus for medical students." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 33, no. 9_Supplement (2024): C012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp24-c012.
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Abstract Introduction: Medical student curriculum is lacking in standardized training of skills for conducting the skin cancer screening examination. Dermatology is not a standard clinical rotation during medical school, and many medical students do not have much exposure to the specialty of dermatology for hands-on training in skin examinations by dermatologists. We sought to create an event in conjunction with the Sun Bus that included education about dermatology and skin examination for medical students. Objectives We sought to assess how the effects on knowledge of dermatology and skin cancer prevention and screening among participating medical students changed from participating in the educational event. Methods: The Health Education and Awareness Team of Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso collaborated with The Sun Bus to organize a training event for medical students. During this event, students had the opportunity to listen to a panel about dermatology as well as the basics of skin cancer screening from working dermatologists. Students also received a brief training on skin cancer screening provided by The Sun Bus and conducted screenings alongside dermatologists during a free skin cancer screening event. Students completed voluntary pre-event and post-event surveys. Results The vast majority of students did not feel confident in their ability to screen for skin cancer prior to attending the event. This research showed improved student confidence in providing skin cancer screenings and identifying suspicious skin lesions from the intervention. Conclusion: Medical students lack standardized training in dermatology and in the dermatologic skin cancer screening examination. This student educational event represents a meaningful intervention that improved medical students’ confidence in providing skin cancer screenings and identifying suspicious skin lesions. Bibliography The Sun Bus. https://www.thesunbus.org/about-us Accessed 11 Dec 2023. Compres E, Holzem K, Ibler E, Bierman JA, Rademaker AW, Kundu RV. A Brief Dermatology Curriculum in Skin Cancer Detection and Prevention to Improve Medical Student Knowledge and Confidence. MedEdPORTAL. 2020;16:11049. Published 2020 Dec 29. doi:10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11049 Moore MM, Geller AC, Zhang Z, et al. Skin cancer examination teaching in US medical education. Arch Dermatol. 2006;142(4):439-444. doi:10.1001/archderm.142.4.439 Ivanov NN, Swan A, Guseman EH, Whipps J, Jensen LL, Beverly EA. Medical Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors With Regard to Skin Cancer and Sun-Protective Behaviors. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2018;118(7):444-454. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2018.098 Ivanov NN, Swan A, Guseman EH, Whipps J, Jensen LL, Beverly EA. Medical Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors With Regard to Skin Cancer and Sun-Protective Behaviors. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2018;118(7):444-454. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2018.098 Citation Format: Elian A. Martin Lopez, Hannah Riva, Shravya Kichena Kichena, Daniel Lovasz, Brian Kan, Tannis Hogg, Jessica Chacon. Evaluation of skin cancer screening education provided by dermatologists with The Sun Bus for medical students [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C012
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Gunawan, Nur Anggraeni, Shinta Hartini Putri, and Helena Febyola. "Framing Analysis Media Kompas.com and Pikiran Rakyat.com: Cikampek Toll Road Accident Kilometers 58." Sinergi International Journal of Communication Sciences 1, no. 3 (2023): 120–31. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijcs.v1i3.216.
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The news about the Cikampek kilometers 58 Toll Road accident during the peak of Lebaran 2024 attracted a lot of public attention and was reported by various online media including by Kompas.com and Pikiran Rakyat.com. News about the Cikampek kilometers 58 toll road accident in these two media is important to study because these two media have the ability to frame the facts of an event based on different perspectives on the same event. The purpose of this study is to explain the construction of online media kompas.com and pikiran rakyat.com in framing events regarding the accident case that occurred at kilometers 58 Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road. This research uses the Entman model framing analysis approach. The results of this study show that the two media have differences in the focus of content and narrative with the results of the analysis kompas.com constructed the news by exploring the cornology of the accident from the side of the Bus Driver's story. While the people's mind frames the news with a narrative that is built to touch the humanity of the Bus Driver's story and the response of netizens in responding to accident news.
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Zhafran mufadal, Zhafran mufadal, Agus Alamsyah, and Muhamadiah Muhamadiah. "FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS PADA PRAMUDI BUS TRANS METRO PEKANBARU." Media Kesmas (Public Health Media) 2, no. 1 (2022): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25311/kesmas.vol2.iss1.635.
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Kecelakaan lalu lintas adalah suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang tidak terduga dan tidak diharapkan kedatangannya, terjadi dijalan raya atau di jalan tol yang melibatkan kendaraan maupun tanpa pengguna jalan sehingga menimbulkan kerugian baik jiwa maupun materil. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mencari tau atau menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan pada kecelakaan lalu lintas pada Pramudi bus Trans Metro Pekanbaru tahun 2021. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT. Transportasi Pekanbaru Madani dengan armada Bus Trans Metro Pekanbaru. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik menggunakan desain Cross Sectional dengan populasi sebanyak 118 Pramudi dan sampel 54 Pramudi secara Accidental Sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner. Analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan pengetahuan, lengah, ketertiban, dan keterampilan dengan kejadian kecelakaan lalu lintas pada Pramudi bus Trans Metro Pekanbaru. Nilai pengetahuan ( p value = 0,023, POR = 11,000), lengah ( p value = 0,028, POR = 10,000), ketertiban ( p value = 0,012, POR = 11,714), dan keterampilan ( p value = 0,003, POR = 21,667). Faktor lengah mempunyai nilai risiko tertinggi dalam terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas sehingga diperlukan suatu kebijakan agar Pramudi bus Trans Metro lebih waspada dan berkonsentrasi disaat mengemudikan bus. A traffic accident is an unexpected event or event that is not expected to arrive, occurs on the highway or on a toll road involving vehicles or without road users, causing loss of life and material. The purpose of this study is to find out or analyze factors related to traffic accidents on Trans Metro Pekanbaru bus drivers in 2021. This research was conducted at PT. Pekanbaru Madani Transportation with the Trans Metro Pekanbaru Bus fleet. This type of research is analytic observational using a cross sectional design with a population of 118 Drivers and a sample of 54 Drivers by Accidental Sampling. Collecting data using a questionnaire. Data analysis was univariate and bivariate with chi-square test. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between knowledge, carelessness, orderliness, and skills with the incidence of traffic accidents on Trans Metro Pekanbaru bus drivers. The value of knowledge (p value = 0.023, POR = 11,000), carelessness (p value = 0.028, POR = 10,000), order (p value = 0.012, POR = 11.714), and skills (p value = 0.003, POR = 21.667). The negligent factor has the highest risk value in the occurrence of traffic accidents so that a policy is needed so that Trans Metro bus drivers are more alert and concentrate when driving the bus.
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Park, Daejin, and Jeonghun Cho. "Accuracy-Energy Configurable Sensor Processor and IoT Device for Long-Term Activity Monitoring in Rare-Event Sensing Applications." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/546563.
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A specially designed sensor processor used as a main processor in IoT (internet-of-thing) device for the rare-event sensing applications is proposed. The IoT device including the proposed sensor processor performs the event-driven sensor data processing based on an accuracy-energy configurable event-quantization in architectural level. The received sensor signal is converted into a sequence of atomic events, which is extracted by the signal-to-atomic-event generator (AEG). Using an event signal processing unit (EPU) as an accelerator, the extracted atomic events are analyzed to build the final event. Instead of the sampled raw data transmission via internet, the proposed method delays the communication with a host system until a semantic pattern of the signal is identified as a final event. The proposed processor is implemented on a single chip, which is tightly coupled in bus connection level with a microcontroller using a 0.18 μm CMOS embedded-flash process. For experimental results, we evaluated the proposed sensor processor by using an IR- (infrared radio-) based signal reflection and sensor signal acquisition system. We successfully demonstrated that the expected power consumption is in the range of 20% to 50% compared to the result of the basement in case of allowing 10% accuracy error.
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Lindberg, Therese, Fredrik Johansson, Anders Peterson, and Andreas Tapani. "Discrete Event Simulation of Bus Terminals: A Modular Approach with a High Spatial Resolution." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (January 27, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8862893.
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Interchange stations with their many connecting modes and lines are central for a high-quality public transport system. Bus access at the station needs to operate reliably and efficiently in order to prevent congestion and queues. To this end, a conceptual simulation model for evaluation of bus terminal operations is presented in this paper. It is based on discrete event simulation and able to describe the detailed movements and interactions that occur between vehicles at larger terminals. The model has a modular approach, where common spatial sections at terminals are represented by modules that can be easily combined into many different terminal layouts. An implementation of the model is presented and, as a first sensitivity test, applied in a numerical experiment representing Norrköping interchange station in Sweden. The results indicate that the model can be a useful tool in planning processes.
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Anwar, Ashif. "Event-Driven Architecture in Distributed Systems: Leveraging Azure Cloud Services for Scalable Applications." European Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 13, no. 29 (2025): 13–27. https://doi.org/10.37745/ejcsit.2013/vol13n291327.
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Event-driven architecture (EDA) represents a transformative paradigm in distributed systems development, enabling organizations to build more responsive, scalable, and resilient applications. By facilitating asynchronous communication through events that represent significant state changes, EDA establishes loosely coupled relationships between system components that can operate independently. This architectural approach addresses fundamental challenges in distributed systems including component coordination, state management, and fault isolation. Microsoft Azure cloud services provide comprehensive support for implementing event-driven architectures through specialized offerings such as Event Grid for event routing, Service Bus for enterprise messaging, and Functions for serverless computing. These services create a foundation for sophisticated event processing pipelines that adapt dynamically to changing business requirements. When properly implemented with attention to event schema design, idempotent processing, appropriate delivery mechanisms, and comprehensive monitoring strategies, event-driven architectures deliver substantial benefits across diverse industry sectors including financial services, healthcare, manufacturing, and retail. The integration of EDA with microservices architecture creates particularly powerful synergies, enabling systems to evolve incrementally while maintaining operational resilience. As distributed systems continue to evolve, event-driven patterns implemented through cloud-native services will play an increasingly central role in meeting the demands for real-time responsiveness and elastic scalability.
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Karan, Ebrahim. "ENHANCING COMMUNITY RESILIENCE: ELECTRIC SCHOOL BUS V2G AS PORTABLE ENERGY SOLUTION." American Journal of Engineering and Technology 06, no. 03 (2024): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume06issue03-03.
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This study investigates the potential of utilizing electric school buses equipped with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology as a portable energy solution to enhance community resilience during and after power outages caused by natural disasters and shortages. The first objective of this research is to advance our understanding of disaster resilience, particularly during the critical response period—from the onset of the disruption event to the stabilization of recovery efforts. The second objective is to translate fundamental insights gained from this understanding into practical applications. To achieve these objectives, the study encompasses various analyses. Firstly, economic losses resulting from power outages are quantified, providing insights into the broader impacts of energy disruptions. Additionally, the performance of power grid systems is evaluated to assess their resilience and effectiveness in responding to and recovering from adverse events. Furthermore, the study includes calculations for mobilization (response) time, crucial for assessing the timeliness and efficiency of emergency response efforts. Finally, the viability of employing electric bus V2G technology as an emergency power solution is thoroughly analyzed. This encompasses assessing factors such as response time, load recovery or supply, system performance pre- and post-recovery, and other resilience metrics. By integrating these multifaceted analyses, this research aims to offer comprehensive insights into the potential of electric school buses as a resilient energy solution for communities facing power disruptions.
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Yilmaz, Cihat, Motohiro Fujita, and Takaya Ichikawa. "Study on Park & Bus Ride System in a Sports Event." INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 20 (2003): 895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.20.895.
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Miles, Emma. "Bus journeys, sandwiches and play: young children and the theatre event." Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance 23, no. 1 (2017): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13569783.2017.1396889.
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Salli, Olli, Olli Nevalainen, and Ville Leppänen. "Event-driven asynchronous method calls with the D-Bus message system." Software: Practice and Experience 45, no. 1 (2013): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spe.2216.
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Kaiser, Jörg, Cristiano Brudna, and Carlos Mitidieri. "COSMIC: A real-time event-based middleware for the CAN-bus." Journal of Systems and Software 77, no. 1 (2005): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2003.12.037.
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SATO, NOBUAKI, TOMIYOSHI HARUYAMA, TAKAKAZU SHINTOMI, et al. "MAKING A DATA ANALYSIS PROCESSOR WITH FPGA FOR GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE EVENT SEARCH." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 29 (2005): 7057–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05030818.
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We are trying to make a hardware logic-circuit for pipelines of fast Fourier transformation (FFT) with a field programmable gate array (FPGA) for data analyses of an interferometric gravitational-wave detector. That FFT processor is connected to a personal computer (PC) through PCI bus and will increase the calculation speed of FFT which is the most time-consuming step for typical gravitational-wave analyses.
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Rooppakhun, Supakit, and Sarawut Bua-Ngam. "Finite Element Analysis of High-Decker Bus Frontal Impact Based on ECE-Regulation No.29." Advanced Materials Research 658 (January 2013): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.658.464.
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In Thailand, according to the bus accident statistics referred to Department of Land Transport (DLT), the highest risk represents the frontal crash accidents. In case of frontal crashworthiness, the high- decker bus safety was referred to the regulation no.29 of United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE-R29). In this study, the frontal impact analysis of the high-decker passenger bus structure based on ECE-R29 using Finite Element (FE) analysis was focused on. The energy absorption including to the total deformation of the frontal cabin were evaluated. Three-dimensional FE model of frontal bus structure with- and without- simple impact attenuator were created and analyzed using ANSYS/Explicit software. In accordance with the results, the average magnitude of kinetic energy in case of impact attenuator revealed the value lower than those without impact attenuator owing to absorb energy in the impact attenuator. In addition, the total deformation regarding to the safe zone of the frontal cabin in the case of with impact attenuator were lower than without impact attenuator as 75.8%. Therefore, the frontal impact attenuator should be recommended to a high-decker bus for the driver protection in the event of crash accident.
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Norsuzila, Ya'acob, Fauzan Ayob Muhammad, Tajudin Noraisyah, Kassim Murizah, and Laily Yusof Azita. "Single event latch-up detection for nano-satellite external solar radiation mitigation system." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 1 (2021): 39–45. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i1.2488.
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This paper presents the single event latch-up (SEL) detection for nano-satellite external solar radiation mitigation system. In this study, the SEL detection analysis was conducted using circuit test and simulation. An electrical power subsystem (EPS) is a part of all CubeSat bus subsystems and it comprises solar arrays, rechargeable batteries, and a power control and distribution unit (PCDU). In order to extract the maximum power generated by the solar arrays, a peak power tracking topology is required. This may lead to the SEL with the presence of high voltage produced by solar. To overcome the SEL problems, the circuit test and simulation must be done so that the flow of SEL will be easily detected and mitigate. The method that been used are by using microcontroller, the SEL will be created in the certain time. The programable integrated circuit (PIC) are used to mitigate SEL effect. It indicates that, the SEL occur very fast in certain time. When the simulation is conducted by using SPENVIS, the result shows, only single event upset (SEU) was affected on UiTMSAT-1.
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Ito, Junji, Andrey R. Nikolaev, Marjolein Luman, Maartje F. Aukes, Chie Nakatani, and Cees van Leeuwen. "Perceptual Switching, Eye Movements, and the Bus Paradox." Perception 32, no. 6 (2003): 681–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5052.
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According to a widely cited finding by Ellis and Stark (1978 Perception7 575–581), the duration of eye fixations is longer at the instant of perceptual reversal of an ambiguous figure than before or after the reversal. However, long fixations are more likely to include samples of an independent random event than are short fixations. This sampling bias would produce the pattern of results also when no correlation exists between fixation duration and perceptual reversals. When an appropriate correction is applied to the measurement of fixation durations, the effect disappears. In fact, there are fewer actual button-presses during the long intervals than would be expected by chance. Moving-window analyses performed on eye-fixation data reveal that no unique eye event is associated with switching behaviour. However, several indicators, such as blink frequency, saccade frequency, and the direction of the saccade, are each differentially sensitive to perceptual and response-related aspects of the switching process. The time course of these indicators depicts switching behaviour as a process of cascaded stages.
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González, Laura, and Guadalupe Ortiz. "An Event-Driven Integration Platform for Context-Aware Web Services." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 20, no. (8) (2014): 1071–88. https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-020-08-1071.
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Web services are nowadays one of the preferred technologies to implement service-oriented architectures and to communicate distributed applications. On the other hand, context-awareness is highly demanded for distributed applications. However, even though there are excellent tools and frameworks for service development, getting services to be context-aware is still under investigation. In turn, an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is a standards-based integration platform, which provides mediation capabilities (e.g. routing, transformation). ESBs are being increasingly used in conjunction with Complex Event Processing (CEP) engines to support event-driven architectures scenarios. In this regard, this paper proposes an ESB-based integration platform which, leveraging its mediation capabilities and a CEP engine, allows the construction of context-aware web services. Concretely, CEP techniques are used to detect the complex situations that may affect services and mediation mechanisms are used to adapt service requests and responses to make them context-aware.
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Raj, Abhishek, Chandra Sekhar Mishra, S. Ramana Kumar Joga, et al. "Wavelet Analysis- Singular Value Decomposition Based Method for Precise Fault Localization in Power Distribution Networks Using k-NN Classifier." International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems 5, no. 1 (2025): 530–54. https://doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v5i1.1543.
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This article presents a wavelet analysis-singular value decomposition (WA-SVD) based method for precise fault localization in recent power distribution networks using k-NN Classifier. The WA-SVD leverages the slime mould algorithm (SMA) and graph theory (GT) in enhancing the overall accuracy of fault localization. To validate the proposed methodology, extensive tests are conducted on various benchmark systems, including the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system, the IEEE 33-bus meshed loop unbalanced distribution system, the IEEE 33-bus system with integrated renewable energy sources, and the IEEE 13-bus feeder test system. The results demonstrate a high fault classification accuracy of 99.08%, with an average localization error of just 1.2% of the total line length. The k-NN classifier exhibited a precision of 98.2% and a recall of 99.2%, underscoring the reliability and sensitivity of the proposed method. Additionally, the computational efficiency of the algorithm is evidenced by an average processing time of 0.0764 seconds per fault event, making it well-suited for real-time applications.
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Khalid, Muhammad Shoaib, Xiang Ning Lin, Jin Wen Sun, et al. "System Modeling and Simulation of Intentionally Islanded Reconfigurable Microgrid." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 1366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.1366.
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Microgrid reconfiguration plays important role in improving continuity of power supply especially in the event of fault within the power grid or microgrid connected to the medium voltage distribution network. Due to the fault in power grid, intentional islanding through static switch is one possible solution while, fault within the microgrid emphasizes microgrid reconfiguration to recover maximum affected loads in each isolated zone. This paper presents multiagent system based (MAS) approach in order to withstand stably and autonomously in the event of fault within microgrid or power grid. MAS approach includes negotiation agent (NA) for the entire microgrid and bus agent (BA) for each bus within each zone. NA is responsible for selecting a Dominant-BA from each zone and prioritizing the zones by using region weight coefficient (RWC) method. Zone having excessive power will recombine with the zone having lesser power for maintaining power quality of sensitive and less sensitive loads, while normal loads are shed.
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Xue, Xue Dong, Xu De Cheng, Bing Xu, Wei Xin Zhang, and Dong Yu Zhang. "The Designing of Missile Tail Testing Simulation Training System." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.582.
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This paper constructs a missile tail testing simulation training system based on virtual closed-loop control technique, event driven engine technique and PCI bus technique. It expounds specifically the system design method, realization of system hardware as well as simulation software system design, and puts forward the idea to apply the event driven technique in MCU system, which improves the programming efficiency and has guidance and reference significance for the research and development of similar simulation training equipments.
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Lovasz, Daniel, Brian Kan, Hannah Riva, et al. "Abstract B056: Empowering underserved communities: The impact of the Sun Bus and Texas Tech on skin cancer awareness and prevention in “Sun City”." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 33, no. 9_Supplement (2024): B056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp24-b056.
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Abstract Purpose: Ultraviolet radiation is the primary cause of skin cancer.1,2 Other risk factors include fair skin, moles, family history, and history of sunburns.1,3 Photoprotective practices and regular skin examinations can help prevent skin cancer associated with ultraviolet radiation,5-8 underlining the importance of prevention and early detection. However, dermatological health disparities, such as limited access to dermatologists and inadequate awareness of sun protection practices, present significant challenges to effective prevention and early detection efforts. Recognizing and addressing these barriers is crucial, particularly amongst minoritized groups, who carry a higher burden of skin cancer morbidity and mortality.9 The Sun Bus, affiliated with the Colorado Melanoma Foundation, travels across the United States providing free skin cancer screenings and prevention education to reduce the incidence of skin cancer.1 In collaboration with the Sun Bus, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine and Myth Busters at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso organized a bilingual skin cancer education and screening community event in El Paso, Texas. The main objectives were to debunk skin cancer myths prevalent in underserved communities and to strengthen prevention initiatives. Methods: Participants were administered optional surveys assessing their skin cancer knowledge and prevention behaviors before and after attending the session. Demographic data was collected, and pre-event and post-event knowledge were quantified using unpaired T-tests. Results: The event was attended by over 100 people. Over 80% of the event attendees were Hispanic. Among them, approximately one-third had only graduated high school, another third had completed college, and one-quarter held advanced degrees. The ages of participants ranged from 18 to over 75. Notably, 22% of respondents were uninsured. All survey respondents reported learning something new from the event. The performance from the pre-test to the post-test improved significantly by 7.04% (p=0.017). Additionally, attendees reported better knowledge about where to apply sunscreen and the importance of wearing sun-protective clothing. Conclusion: The Sun Bus Community Initiative proved to be an effective method for participants to learn about sun protection, skin cancer prevention and screening. This initiative could serve as a model to implement in other underserved communities to improve skin cancer awareness and prevention. Citation Format: Daniel Lovasz, Brian Kan, Hannah Riva, Shravya Kichena, Fabiola Ramirez, Whitney Shaffer, Julia Guido, Mariana Arajuo-Rincon, Jessica Chacon. Empowering underserved communities: The impact of the Sun Bus and Texas Tech on skin cancer awareness and prevention in “Sun City” [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B056.
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Gao, Liangpeng, Yue Zheng, Yanjie Ji, Chenghong Fu, and Lihai Zhang. "Reliability Analysis of Bus Timetabling Strategy during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Case Study of Yixing, China." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (February 15, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6688236.
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How to meet the daily demand for resident transport while limiting the transmission of infectious diseases is a problem of social responsibility of urban transport systems during major public health emergencies. Considering the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic (COVID-19), a bus timetable system based on the “if early, wait, and if late, leave soon” strategy is proposed. Based on public transport vehicle constraints in this system, the concept of reliability is introduced to evaluate public transport timetable systems, and a model based on an event tree is built to calculate the failure rate of urban bus timetables. Then, the public transport situation in Yixing city is used as an example to perform confirmatory analysis, and the fluctuations in the reliability of the bus timetable during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic are discussed. The research results show that the method proposed in this paper can obtain the overall failure rate of urban bus timetable by traversing the calculation of each round-trip interval and achieve an accurate evaluation of the reliability of bus timetables. During the early, middle, and more recent stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, the failure rate of bus timetables in Yixing city initially decreased and then increased. In the early stage of the outbreak, the failure rate of the Yixing bus timetable was 7.8142. However, the failure rate decreased to 4.3306 and 5.0160 in the middle and late stages of the epidemic, respectively. In other words, the failure rate of the public transport network in the middle and late stages decreased by 44.58% and 35.81%, respectively, compared with that in the early stage. Thus, during major health emergencies, such as the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak, the reliability of the urban bus timetable system can be improved by at least 35%, and cross-infection at bus stations can be prevented. The research results verify the feasibility and reliability of the implementation of bus timetabling strategies during major health emergencies.
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汪, 路元. "Design and Experiment of Single Event Upset Hardened ARINC659 Bus Interface Components." Journal of Aerospace Science and Technology 05, no. 02 (2017): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/jast.2017.52011.
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Weber, E. K., L. Stein-Spencer, and S. M. Mckinney. "(P2-24) The “Oxygen Bus”: Retrofitting a City Bus with Oxygen Resources to Respond to Hospital Evacuations and Other Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (2011): s143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004687.
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Evacuation/Oxygen Bus The Chicago Fire Department (CFD) identified a need to treat multiple stable fire/inhalation victims who require oxygen, whether due to a previous medical condition or as the result of an acute event, such as evacuation of or fire in any building, hospital, or treatment facility. As a partner with the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) and an active participant in the “Chicago Healthcare System Coalition for Preparedness and Response”, the CFD determined that a bus could be an adjunct in city responses and emergencies. With the support of the Coalition, the CFD approached the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) to obtain a bus. Once the actual bus was given to the CFD, an operations order was written and the appropriate equipment was purchased. The Evacuation Committee of the Coalition identified equipment and supply needs. Supplies purchased and retrofitted for the bus include modulators for patient oxygen use, oxygen tanks, masks, nebulizers, automated external defibrillators (AEDs), first line advanced life support (ALS) medications, evacuation chairs for moving patients, and special emergency lighting. The bus is able to accommodate thirty five people who require treatment simultaneously. The use of the bus includes but not limited to: (1) hospital evacuation and treatment of stable patients with oxygen and nebulizers prior to transportation to an alternate facility; (2) long-term care facility evacuation and treatment of stable patients with oxygen needs prior to placement and transport to another facility; (3) responding to building fires to treat victims who may need oxygen and nebulizer treatments on site; (4) assisting with the evacuation of home-based, at-risk oxygen dependent patients; and (5) treating evacuated children from specialized treatment facilities who may be oxygen dependent. The outside of the bus has both CFD and CDPH logos to identify that this is a collaborative effort between city agencies and a Healthcare Coalition.
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Nellore, Nitya Sri. "Adaptive Workflows with Kafka Streams and AI Models: A Comparative Study with EventBridge." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 02 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem32983.
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Event-driven systems are foundational in modern applications that demand real-time processing and dynamic workflows. Kafka Streams, a distributed event streaming platform, and AWS EventBridge, a serverless event bus, are two prominent solutions for managing such workflows. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) models into these systems enables dynamic decision-making and adaptive workflows. This paper explores the technical aspects, performance, and scalability of Kafka Streams and EventBridge when integrated with AI models for dynamic event routing. Through comparative analysis, we evaluate their suitability for real-time adaptive workflows, focusing on latency, throughput, fault tolerance, and cost-efficiency. Experimental results highlight the trade-offs between these platforms and provide insights into choosing the right architecture for specific use cases.
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Shultziner, Doron. "The Social-Psychological Origins of the Montgomery Bus Boycott: Social Interaction and Humiliation in the Emergence of Social Movements." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 18, no. 2 (2013): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.18.2.83123352476r2x82.
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This study advances a new explanation of the Montgomery bus boycott, the constitutive event of the U.S. civil rights movement. It introduces new findings to demonstrate that Montgomery, Alabama, was unique in its segregation system, and that unrest among blacks emerged in the narrow time period between late 1953 and 1955. I trace the motivational origins of the boycott in worsening social interactions that caused a sense of abuse and humiliation in black passengers due to three main factors: changing ratios of black and white passengers on the public buses; labor-related issues that frustrated the bus drivers; and the impact of the 1954 Brown decision on the bus drivers. This study calls for a framework that conceptualizes and connects lived experiences and real contentious social interactions with the emergence of protest motivations and social movements. Accordingly, I stress the importance of distinguishing between causes that explain the emergence of movements and factors that explain the momentum and success of movements.
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Čampa, Andrej. "Traveling wave method for event localization and characterization of power transmission lines." Electric Power Systems Research 232 (April 3, 2024): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110382.
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Traveling wave theory is deployed today to improve the monitoring of transmission lines in electrical powergrids. Most traveling wave methods require prior knowledge of the wave propagation characteristic of thetransmission line, which is a major source of error as the value changes during the operation of the line. Toimprove the localization of events on transmission lines, we propose a new online localization method thatsimultaneously determines the frequency-dependent wave propagation characteristic from the traveling wavemeasurements of the event. Compared to conventional methods, this is achieved with one additional travelingwave measurement, but the method can still be applied in different measurement setups. We have derivedthe method based on the complex continuous wavelet transform. The accuracy of the method is evaluatedin a simulation with a frequency-dependent transmission line model of the IEEE 39-bus system. The methodwas developed independently of the type of event and evaluated in test setups considering different lengthsof the monitored line, line types and event locations. The localization accuracy is compared with existingonline methods and analyzed with regard to the characterization capabilitie
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Tsiktsiris, Dimitris, Nikolaos Dimitriou, Antonios Lalas, Minas Dasygenis, Konstantinos Votis, and Dimitrios Tzovaras. "Real-Time Abnormal Event Detection for Enhanced Security in Autonomous Shuttles Mobility Infrastructures." Sensors 20, no. 17 (2020): 4943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174943.
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Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are already operating on the streets of many countries around the globe. Contemporary concerns about AVs do not relate to the implementation of fundamental technologies, as they are already in use, but are rather increasingly centered on the way that such technologies will affect emerging transportation systems, our social environment, and the people living inside it. Many concerns also focus on whether such systems should be fully automated or still be partially controlled by humans. This work aims to address the new reality that is formed in autonomous shuttles mobility infrastructures as a result of the absence of the bus driver and the increased threat from terrorism in European cities. Typically, drivers are trained to handle incidents of passengers’ abnormal behavior, incidents of petty crimes, and other abnormal events, according to standard procedures adopted by the transport operator. Surveillance using camera sensors as well as smart software in the bus will maximize the feeling and the actual level of security. In this paper, an online, end-to-end solution is introduced based on deep learning techniques for the timely, accurate, robust, and automatic detection of various petty crime types. The proposed system can identify abnormal passenger behavior such as vandalism and accidents but can also enhance passenger security via petty crimes detection such as aggression, bag-snatching, and vandalism. The solution achieves excellent results across different use cases and environmental conditions.
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Holenko, Kostyantyn, Oleksandr Dykha, Eugeniusz Koda, et al. "Validation of Frontal Crashworthiness Simulation for Low-Entry Type Bus Body According to UNECE R29 Requirements." Applied Sciences 14, no. 13 (2024): 5595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14135595.
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Frontal crash tests are an essential element in assessing vehicle safety. They simulate a collision that occurs when the front of the bus hits another vehicle or an obstacle. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the frontal crash testing of city buses, especially after a series of accidents resulting in deaths and injuries. Unlike car manufacturers, most bus bodybuilders do not include deformation zones in their designs. The next two regulations are widely used to assess whether a structure can withstand impact loading: UNECE Regulation No. 29—United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE R29) and the New Car Assessment Program (NCAP), which is more typical of car crash tests. The main goal of the research is to develop an applicable methodology for a frontal impact simulation on a city bus, considering UNECE R29 requirements for the passenger’s safety and distinctive features of the low-entry body layout. Among the contributions to current knowledge are such research results as: unlike suburban and intercity buses, city buses are characterized by lower stiffness in the event of a frontal collision, and therefore, when developing new models, it is necessary to lay deformation zones (currently absent from most city buses). Maximum deformation values in the bus front part are reached earlier for R29 (137 ms) than for most impacts tested by NCAP (170–230 ms) but have higher values: 577 mm vs. 150–250 mm for the sills tested. Such a short shock absorption time and high deformations indicate a significantly lighter front part of a low-entry and low-floor bus compared with classic layouts. Furthermore, it is unjustified to use the R29 boundary conditions of trucks to attach the bus with chains behind its frontal axe both in natural tests and appropriate finite element simulation—the scheme of fixing the city bus should be accordingly adapted and normatively revised.
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Oladimeji, Damilola, Amar Rasheed, Cihan Varol, Mohamed Baza, Hani Alshahrani, and Abdullah Baz. "CANAttack: Assessing Vulnerabilities within Controller Area Network." Sensors 23, no. 19 (2023): 8223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23198223.
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Current vehicles include electronic features that provide ease and convenience to drivers. These electronic features or nodes rely on in-vehicle communication protocols to ensure functionality. One of the most-widely adopted in-vehicle protocols on the market today is the Controller Area Network, popularly referred to as the CAN bus. The CAN bus is utilized in various modern, sophisticated vehicles. However, as the sophistication levels of vehicles continue to increase, we now see a high rise in attacks against them. These attacks range from simple to more-complex variants, which could have detrimental effects when carried out successfully. Therefore, there is a need to carry out an assessment of the security vulnerabilities that could be exploited within the CAN bus. In this research, we conducted a security vulnerability analysis on the CAN bus protocol by proposing an attack scenario on a CAN bus simulation that exploits the arbitration feature extensively. This feature determines which message is sent via the bus in the event that two or more nodes attempt to send a message at the same time. It achieves this by prioritizing messages with lower identifiers. Our analysis revealed that an attacker can spoof a message ID to gain high priority, continuously injecting messages with the spoofed ID. As a result, this prevents the transmission of legitimate messages, impacting the vehicle’s operations. We identified significant risks in the CAN protocol, including spoofing, injection, and Denial of Service. Furthermore, we examined the latency of the CAN-enabled system under attack, finding that the compromised node (the attacker’s device) consistently achieved the lowest latency due to message arbitration. This demonstrates the potential for an attacker to take control of the bus, injecting messages without contention, thereby disrupting the normal operations of the vehicle, which could potentially compromise safety.