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Books on the topic 'Event-decisions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Birks, Daniel. Simulating Crime Event Decision Making. Edited by Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder, and Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.27.

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Crime is the result of numerous interconnected and interdependent crime event decisions made by potential offenders, victims, and crime preventers. The majority of these decisions go unobserved, and the situations within which they take place are difficult to control in support of traditional experimental studies. For these reasons, it can be difficult to identify causal links between individual behavior and observable crime phenomena and, in turn, to assess the veracity of proposed crime event decision calculi. This chapter discusses the use of agent-based modeling (ABM), and particularly age
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2

Coupe, Timothy. Burglary Decisions. Edited by Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder, and Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.32.

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This chapter examines burglary event decisions, decisions leading up to the burglary, and the burglary characteristics that provide insights into them. It critically reviews the evidence on burglary decisions; highlights gaps in knowledge, methodologies, and aspects of theory; and discusses the potential for additional research. It draws on studies based on interviews and experimental research with imprisoned offenders and, less commonly, active burglars, as well as research on targeting patterns and burglary target characteristics. Topics are ordered to consider theories, targeting strategies
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3

Strauss, Jessica. Every Voice Counts: Holding a Shared Leadership Event to Make Decisions Together (Shared Leadership Series, Bk. 2). Family Support America, 2002.

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4

Mele, Alfred R. Arbitrary Decisions and the Problem of Present Luck. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190659974.003.0007.

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This chapter focuses on a positive element of a typical libertarian view: namely, the thesis (LFT) that there are indeterministic agents who sometimes act freely when their actions—and decisions in particular—are not deterministically caused by proximal causes. LFT is the target of the problem of present luck—indeterministic luck at the time of decision. The bearing of such luck on LFT is explored, and two control-featuring arguments against event-causal libertarianism are rebutted: the same-control argument and the more-control argument. In addition, the freedom of some arbitrary decisions is
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5

Mele, Alfred R. Two Libertarian Theories. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190659974.003.0010.

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This chapter explores the relative merits of two different event-causal libertarian views. One is Robert Kane’s well-known view, and the other is the “daring libertarian” view floated in Alfred Mele’s 2006 book, Free Will and Luck. It is argued that event-causal libertarians should prefer the latter view to Kane’s view. Special attention is paid to a problem that luck poses for libertarian theories—a problem that the two views at issue attempt to solve in different ways. The problem is applied both to the decisions of adults and to the decisions of young children. A suggestion about how human
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6

Hollins, Timothy J., and Nathan Weber. Monitoring and Regulation of Accuracy in Eyewitness Memory. Edited by John Dunlosky and Sarah (Uma) K. Tauber. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336746.013.22.

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Eyewitness metacognition has been studied in two broad areas, event memory and identification decisions. Event memory research has focused primarily on metacognitive control over what is reported, while identification research has focused primarily on metacognitive monitoring. Event memory studies show that witnesses can control the accuracy and precision of answers that they choose to report but control is limited by social factors such as perceived informativeness or concerns with self-presentation. Contrary to prior claims, recent eyewitness identification research shows that confidence is
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7

Schouten, Ronald, and Rebecca W. Brendel. Guardianships, Conservatorships, and Alternative Forms of Substitute Decision Making. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199387106.003.0006.

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To protect individuals who can no longer make the decisions and carry on the activities of adult life, society has provided processes including the appointment of alternative decision makers, traditionally referred to as guardians of the person (for personal decisions such as medical treatment) and conservators of the estate (for financial decisions). When a person has lost capacity, appointing an alternative decision maker can be problematic, as the person may not have previously expressed preferences regarding health care or financial matters, and there may be disagreement among interested p
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8

Jarjour, Tala. Performing Value. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190635251.003.0006.

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This chapter offers a glimpse into how value is articulated and performed in the multilayeredness of a distinctive service from Passion Week, the Washing of the Feet. The chapter is essentially an interpretive narrative description of the event that combines reference to written sources and to living practice. It underlines the constant processes of negotiation, juxtaposition, and ordering that bring together the various elements of an ecclesiastical service. In the liturgical reenactment of a biblical story in which Jesus washed the feet of his twelve disciples, the various modes of value con
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9

Esaiasson, Peter, Mikael Gilljam, and Mikael Persson. Political Support in the Wake of Policy Controversies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793717.003.0010.

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This chapter tests to what extent variation in political support over time is influenced by political events. Analyzing an event within the realm of “normal politics,” i.e. a policy decision in a local community to close down schools in an affluent Swedish municipality, the authors study changes in political support among affected citizens and non-affected citizens before decision, after decision, and after implementation. They identify four mechanisms that cause citizens to maintain political support even when faced with a policy decision that affects them negatively: procedural fairness, com
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10

Mele, Alfred R. Complete Control and Disappearing Agents. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190659974.003.0008.

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This chapter rebuts Derk Pereboom’s disappearing agent argument against event-causal libertarianism and explores a notion of complete control over whether one will decide to A. Support is offered for the view that agents with no agent-causal powers can decide freely and be morally responsible for decisions they made. Settling whether a particular decision will occur is a key notion in Pereboom’s disappearing agent argument. Various interpretations of the notion are considered, and the argument is found to be unpersuasive on all of these interpretations. The bearing of agent causation on settli
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11

1945-, Lesthaeghe Ron J., Axinn William G, Nederlands Interdisciplinair Demografisch Instituut, and Centre d'étude de la population et de la famille (Belgium)., eds. Meaning and choice: Value orientations and life course decisions. NIDI, 2002.

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12

Osborn, Irene P., and Liang Huang. Interventional Neuroradiology. Edited by David E. Traul and Irene P. Osborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850036.003.0008.

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Interventional neuroradiology is one of the rapidly evolving specialties in medicine that provides minimally invasive and percutaneous treatment of diseases of the brain and spine. The new paradigm for management of a cerebral aneurysm begins with a detailed study of the anatomy and architecture of the lesion. Following this, decisions are made and devices are employed to treat the lesion in the event of a rupture or to prevent a future rupture. The anesthetic implications are different from intracranial clipping and require a different set of priorities. The procedure is performed in the radi
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13

Fleischman, Alan R. Ethical Issues in Giving Birth to a Baby. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199354474.003.0003.

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This chapter defines term and preterm delivery and explores the ethical concerns in delivery at the threshold viability. It examines the medical and ethical issues associated with elective delivery prior to 39 weeks gestation, do-not-resuscitate orders in the delivery room, and maternal illness and illicit behavior that jeopardize the fetus before birth. The beneficence-based moral obligations of practitioners working in the fields of obstetrics, neonatology and pediatrics are discussed, as well as the beneficence-based moral obligations of pregnant women. Additionally the knotty ethical probl
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14

Bernstein, Daniel M., Andre Aßfalg, Ragav Kumar, and Rakefet Ackerman. Looking Backward and Forward on Hindsight Bias. Edited by John Dunlosky and Sarah (Uma) K. Tauber. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336746.013.7.

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The same event that appeared unpredictable in foresight can be judged as predictable in hindsight. Hindsight bias clouds judgments in all areas of life, including legal decisions, medical diagnoses, consumer satisfaction, sporting events, and election outcomes. We discuss three theoretical constructs related to hindsight bias: memory, reconstruction bias, and motivation. Attempts to recall foresight knowledge fail because newly acquired knowledge affects memory either directly or indirectly by biasing attempts to reconstruct foresight knowledge. On a metacognitive level, overconfidence and sur
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15

Bion, Julian, and Anna Dennis. ICU admission and discharge criteria. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0020.

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The decision to admit patients to intensive care or discharge them, is a daily task for intensivists, a life-changing event for patients and families, and a major strategic issue for health care systems worldwide. Decisions must often be made rapidly, in conditions of uncertainty, involving substituted judgements about relative risks and benefits, framed by sociocultural factors that are not well characterized. The outcomes are strongly influenced by available resources, staffing, and skills throughout the patient pathway. The decision to admit should be based on the severity of illness, chron
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16

Garner, Robert. Introduction: The Nature of Politics and Political Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198704386.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter examines the nature of politics and the political, and more specifically whether politics is an inevitable feature of all human societies. It begins by addressing questions useful when asking about ‘who gets what, when, how?’; for example, why those taking decisions are able to enforce them. The discussion proceeds by focusing on the boundary problems inherent in an analysis of the nature of the political. One such problem is whether politics is equivalent to consensus and cooperation, so that it does not exist in the event of conflict and war. The chapter then explor
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17

López-Basaguren, Alberto. Regional Defiance and Enforcement of Federal Law in Spain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198746560.003.0018.

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This chapter analyses three cases of challenges to the federal law in Spain. These episodes can offer an ideal opportunity to consider the resources available to the Spanish constitutional system in order to impose compliance with federal law. The first issue under discussion is the so-called ‘Ibarretxe plan’, which initially consisted of the proposal for a ‘New Political Statute’ for the Basque Country, which was rejected by the Lower House of the Spanish Parliament. The second great political challenge concerns the Catalan Parliament’s claim to the ‘right to decide’: a demand for a referendu
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18

Park, Jin Y. Zen Buddhism and the Space of Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499778.003.0004.

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This essay discusses Buddhist ethics from Zen and Huayan Buddhist perspectives. It proposes that Zen Buddhist ethics underlines the importance of the ethical agent’s awareness of the fundamental gap between the reality of the world and the agent’s capacity to fully understand the total reality, and this gap inevitably creates a tension in the ethical agent’s mind. This tension is a positive guideline that demands of the ethical agent a constant and consistent self-reflection when making ethical decisions. Moral norms can offer a contour of our ethical life, but, from the Zen and Huayan perspec
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19

Henry, M. Stress fractures. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.012017.

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♦ Stress fractures are fractures occurring as the result of repetitive, submaximal loads, in the absence of a specific precipitating traumatic event.♦ These fractures can be subdivided into two groups on the basis of aetiology. Whereas ‘fatigue fractures’ result from the excessive repetitive (i.e. abnormal) loading of normal bone, ‘insufficiency fractures’ are fractures resulting from normal forces acting on abnormal bone.♦ Early diagnosis allows the initiation of effective treatment that can prevent prolonged pain and disability, as well as avoiding the progression to displacement or a non-un
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20

AlJaroudi, Wael. Risk Assessment in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0013.

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Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) include unstable angina pectoris (UAP), non-ST elevation (NSTEMI), and ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). Each year, more than 2 million people are hospitalized with ACS in the United States. The initial treatment has evolved over the last few decades from conservative management to early reperfusion therapy. Medical therapy has also significantly changed with the use of newer more potent antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, and anti-anginal drugs, which have resulted in improvement of patient care
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21

Gegout, Catherine. Why Europe Intervenes in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845162.001.0001.

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Why Europe Intervenes in Africa analyzes the underlying causes of all European decisions for and against military interventions in conflicts in African states since the late 1980s. It focuses on the main European actors who have deployed troops in Africa: France, the United Kingdom and the European Union. When conflict occurs in Africa, the response of European actors is generally inaction. This can be explained in several ways: the absence of strategic and economic interests, the unwillingness of European leaders to become involved in conflicts in former colonies of other European states, and
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22

Toohey, Peter. Hold On. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190083618.001.0001.

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What do you do when you’re not asleep and when you’re not eating? You’re most likely waiting—to finish work, to get home, to finish your chores. This book is not really about how to manage all that waiting—“an action,” according to the OED, “of staying where one is until a particular time or event.” It’s a book describing how many people experience waiting. Waiting, which is sculpted by the passing of time, is an experience just as much as it is a situation. In this book I’ll be focusing on the experience, on how it feels to wait. This experience can encompass such things as hesitation and cur
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