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Journal articles on the topic 'Event-driven Programming'
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Lukkarinen, Aleksi, Lauri Malmi, and Lassi Haaranen. "Event-driven Programming in Programming Education." ACM Transactions on Computing Education 21, no. 1 (March 2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3423956.
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During the past two decades, event-driven programming (EDP) has emerged as a central and almost ubiquitous concept in modern software development: Graphical user interfaces are self-evident in most mobile and web-based applications, as well as in many embedded systems, and they are most often based on reacting to events. To facilitate both teaching practice and research in programming education, this mapping review seeks to give an overview of the related knowledge that is already available in conference papers and journal articles. Starting from early works of the 1990s, we identified 105 papers that address teaching practices, present learning resources, software tools or libraries to support learning, and empirical studies related to EDP. We summarize the publications, their main content, and findings. While most studies focus on bachelor’s level education in universities, there has been substantial work in K-12 level, as well. Few courses address EDP as their main content—rather it is most often integrated with CS1, CS2, or computer graphics courses. The most common programming languages and environments addressed are Java, App Inventor, and Scratch. Moreover, very little of deliberate experimental scientific research has been carried out to explicitly address teaching and learning EDP. Consequently, while so-called experience reports, tool papers, and anecdotal evidence have been published, this theme offers a wide arena for empirical research in the future. At the end of the article, we suggest a number of directions for future research.
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McClurg, Jedidiah, Hossein Hojjat, Nate Foster, and Pavol Černý. "Event-driven network programming." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 51, no. 6 (August 2016): 369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2980983.2908097.
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Mohsen Zbeel, Bahaa. "Petri Net Based Event Driven Programming." Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 14, no. 13 (December 10, 2019): 4295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.36478/jeasci.2019.4295.4302.
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Philip, George C. "Software design guidelines for event-driven programming." Journal of Systems and Software 41, no. 2 (May 1998): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0164-1212(97)10009-7.
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Bruce, Kim B., Andrea P. Danyluk, and Thomas P. Murtagh. "Event-driven programming is simple enough for CS1." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 33, no. 3 (September 2001): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/507758.377440.
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Srbljić, Siniša, Dejan Škvorc, and Daniel Skrobo. "Programming Language Design for Event-Driven Service Composition." Automatika 51, no. 4 (January 2010): 374–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00051144.2010.11828393.
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Fan, Xing, Oliver Sinnen, and Nasser Giacaman. "Supporting asynchronization in OpenMP for event-driven programming." Parallel Computing 82 (February 2019): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parco.2018.03.008.
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Tarim, S. Armagan, Brahim Hnich, Steven Prestwich, and Roberto Rossi. "Finding reliable solutions: event-driven probabilistic constraint programming." Annals of Operations Research 171, no. 1 (June 17, 2008): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-008-0382-6.
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KOUZAPAS, DIMITRIOS, NOBUKO YOSHIDA, RAYMOND HU, and KOHEI HONDA. "On asynchronous eventful session semantics." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 26, no. 2 (November 10, 2014): 303–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096012951400019x.
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Event-driven programming is one of the major paradigms in concurrent and communication-based programming, where events are typically detected as the arrival of messages on asynchronous channels. Unfortunately, the flexibility and performance of traditional event-driven programming come at the cost of more complex programs: low-level APIs and the obfuscation of event-driven control flow make programs difficult to read, write and verify.This paper introduces a π-calculus with session types that modelsevent-driven session programming(called ESP) and studies its behavioural theory. The main characteristics of the ESP model are asynchronous, order-preserving message passing, non-blocking detection of event/message arrivals and dynamic inspection of session types. Session types offer formal safety guarantees, such as communication and event handling safety, and programmatic benefits that overcome problems with existing event-driven programming languages and techniques. The new typed bisimulation theory developed for the ESP model is distinct from standard synchronous or asynchronous bisimulation, capturing the semantic nature of eventful session-based processes. The bisimilarity coincides with reduction-closed barbed congruence.We demonstrate the features and benefits of ESP and the behavioural theory through two key use cases. First, we examine an encoding and the semantic behaviour of the event selector, a central component of general event-driven systems, providing core results for verifying type-safe event-driven applications. Second, we examine the Lauer–Needham duality, building on the selector encoding and bisimulation theory to prove that a systematic transformation from multithreaded to event-driven session processes is type- and semantics-preserving.
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HUANG, Z. Y. "DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING PATH OF MOBILE ROBOT BASED ON EVENT-DRIVEN PROCESS." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 48, no. 4 (October 31, 2018): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2018.247.
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Event-driven process chain is an important method for path flow and system optimization in the process of robot dynamic planning path research. Path planning is an important part of robot research. The path planning problem and the path optimization planning problem of the robot in the dynamic environment are explored deeply in this paper based on the event-driven process chain perspective and the actual needs of the research project. Therefore, it uses the event-driven process chain method to optimize the path according to the original process and existing requirements based on the concept of event-driven process chain. A dynamic path planning model under event-driven process chain is constructed, and then the function, user and permission, code, input and output, and security of industrial robot system are optimized.
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Hrynczyszyn, Władysław, and Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik. "Using of Node.js in creating application based on event-driven architecture." Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 3 (March 30, 2017): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.208.
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This paper discusses a new programming method - event driven programming. This method is compared with other popular ways of implementing web services to find its weak points and discover in which areas of modern web applications it could be implemented.
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Koschel, Tessa L., James W. Navalta, and John Young. "University-Driven Exercise Programming Event Reduces Student Stress Prior to Final Exams." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S (May 2017): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000519382.19129.a9.
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Xue, Xue Dong, Xu De Cheng, Bing Xu, Wei Xin Zhang, and Dong Yu Zhang. "The Designing of Missile Tail Testing Simulation Training System." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.582.
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This paper constructs a missile tail testing simulation training system based on virtual closed-loop control technique, event driven engine technique and PCI bus technique. It expounds specifically the system design method, realization of system hardware as well as simulation software system design, and puts forward the idea to apply the event driven technique in MCU system, which improves the programming efficiency and has guidance and reference significance for the research and development of similar simulation training equipments.
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Luong, Tran Thanh, and Le My Canh. "JAVASCRIPT ASYNCHRONOUS PROGRAMMING." Hue University Journal of Science: Techniques and Technology 128, no. 2B (July 16, 2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26459/hueuni-jtt.v128i2b.5104.
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JavaScript has become more and more popular in recent years because its wealthy features as being dynamic, interpreted and object-oriented with first-class functions. Furthermore, JavaScript is designed with event-driven and I/O non-blocking model that boosts the performance of overall application especially in the case of Node.js. To take advantage of these characteristics, many design patterns that implement asynchronous programming for JavaScript were proposed. However, choosing a right pattern and implementing a good asynchronous source code is a challenge and thus easily lead into less robust application and low quality source code. Extended from our previous works on exception handling code smells in JavaScript and exception handling code smells in JavaScript asynchronous programming with promise, this research aims at studying the impact of three JavaScript asynchronous programming patterns on quality of source code and application.
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Cuenca, Fredy, Jan Van den Bergh, Kris Luyten, and Karin Coninx. "Hasselt." International Journal of People-Oriented Programming 5, no. 1 (January 2016): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpop.2016010102.
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Implementing multimodal interactions with event-driven languages results in a ‘callback soup', a source code littered with a multitude of flags that have to be maintained in a self-consistent manner and across different event handlers. Prototyping multimodal interactions adds to the complexity and error sensitivity, since the program code has to be refined iteratively as developers explore different possibilities and solutions. The authors present a declarative language for rapid prototyping multimodal interactions: Hasselt permits declaring composite events, sets of events that are logically related because of the interaction they support, that can be easily bound to dedicated event handlers for separate interactions. The authors' approach allows the description of multimodal interactions at a higher level of abstraction than event languages, which saves developers from dealing with the typical ‘callback soup' thereby resulting in a gain in programming efficiency and a reduction in errors when writing event handling code. They compared Hasselt with using a traditional programming language with strong support for events in a study with 12 participants each having a solid background in software development. When performing equivalent modifications to a multimodal interaction, the use of Hasselt leads to higher completion rates, lower completion times, and less code testing than when using a mainstream event-driven language.
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Huang, Zhengwen, Maozhen Li, Alireza Mousavi, Morad Danishva, and Zidong Wang. "EGEP: An Event Tracker Enhanced Gene Expression Programming for Data Driven System Engineering Problems." IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence 3, no. 2 (April 2019): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tetci.2018.2864724.
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Wang, Aijuan, Xiaofeng Liao, and Tao Dong. "Event-driven optimal control for uncertain nonlinear systems with external disturbance via adaptive dynamic programming." Neurocomputing 281 (March 2018): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2017.12.010.
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Semeniuta, Oleksandr, and Petter Falkman. "Event-driven industrial robot control architecture for the Adept V+ platform." PeerJ Computer Science 5 (July 29, 2019): e207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.207.
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Modern industrial robotic systems are highly interconnected. They operate in a distributed environment and communicate with sensors, computer vision systems, mechatronic devices, and computational components. On the fundamental level, communication and coordination between all parties in such distributed system are characterized by discrete event behavior. The latter is largely attributed to the specifics of communication over the network, which, in terms, facilitates asynchronous programming and explicit event handling. In addition, on the conceptual level, events are an important building block for realizing reactivity and coordination. Event-driven architecture has manifested its effectiveness for building loosely-coupled systems based on publish-subscribe middleware, either general-purpose or robotic-oriented. Despite all the advances in middleware, industrial robots remain difficult to program in context of distributed systems, to a large extent due to the limitation of the native robot platforms. This paper proposes an architecture for flexible event-based control of industrial robots based on the Adept V+ platform. The architecture is based on the robot controller providing a TCP/IP server and a collection of robot skills, and a high-level control module deployed to a dedicated computing device. The control module possesses bidirectional communication with the robot controller and publish/subscribe messaging with external systems. It is programmed in asynchronous style using pyadept, a Python library based on Python coroutines, AsyncIO event loop and ZeroMQ middleware. The proposed solution facilitates integration of Adept robots into distributed environments and building more flexible robotic solutions with event-based logic.
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LOPES, NUNO P., JUAN A. NAVARRO, ANDREY RYBALCHENKO, and ATUL SINGH. "Applying Prolog to develop distributed systems." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 10, no. 4-6 (July 2010): 691–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068410000360.
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AbstractDevelopment of distributed systems is a difficult task. Declarative programming techniques hold a promising potential for effectively supporting programmer in this challenge. While Datalog-based languages have been actively explored for programming distributed systems, Prolog received relatively little attention in this application area so far. In this paper we present a Prolog-based programming system, called DAHL, for the declarative development of distributed systems. DAHL extends Prolog with an event-driven control mechanism and built-in networking procedures. Our experimental evaluation using a distributed hash-table data structure, a protocol for achieving Byzantine fault tolerance, and a distributed software model checker—all implemented in DAHL—indicates the viability of the approach.
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ZHOU, NENG-FA. "Programming finite-domain constraint propagators in Action Rules." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 6, no. 5 (August 2, 2006): 483–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068405002590.
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In this paper, we propose a new language, called AR (Action Rules), and describe how various propagators for finite-domain constraints can be implemented in it. An action rule specifies a pattern for agents, an action that the agents can carry out, and an event pattern for events that can activate the agents. AR combines the goal-oriented execution model of logic programming with the event-driven execution model. This hybrid execution model facilitates programming constraint propagators. A propagator for a constraint is an agent that maintains the consistency of the constraint and is activated by the updates of the domain variables in the constraint. AR has a much stronger descriptive power than indexicals, the language widely used in the current finite-domain constraint systems, and is flexible for implementing not only interval-consistency but also arc-consistency algorithms. As examples, we present a weak arc-consistency propagator for the all_distinct constraint and a hybrid algorithm for n-ary linear equality constraints. B-Prolog has been extended to accommodate action rules. Benchmarking shows that B-Prolog as a CLP(FD) system significantly outperforms other CLP(FD) systems.
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Qu, Zhi Ming. "Investigation and Impact of Knowledge-Based Information on Programming Languages Based on Probabilistic Models." Applied Mechanics and Materials 39 (November 2010): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.39.436.
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In recent years, much research has been devoted to the refinement of IPv6; on the other hand, few have investigated the confusing unification of interrupts and Internet QoS. In this position paper, it demonstrates the emulation of interrupts. In order to overcome this quagmire, a novel system is presented for the intuitive unification of expert systems and massive multiplayer online role-playing games. It is concluded that erasure coding can be verified to make heterogeneous, interposable, and event-driven, which is proved to be applicable.
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Díaz, Gregorio, Hermenegilda Macià, Valentín Valero, Juan Boubeta-Puig, and Guadalupe Ortiz. "Facilitating the Quantitative Analysis of Complex Events through a Computational Intelligence Model-Driven Tool." Scientific Programming 2019 (July 29, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2604148.
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Complex event processing (CEP) is a computational intelligence technology capable of analyzing big data streams for event pattern recognition in real time. In particular, this technology is vastly useful for analyzing multicriteria conditions in a pattern, which will trigger alerts (complex events) upon their fulfillment. However, one of the main challenges to be faced by CEP is how to define the quantitative analysis to be performed in response to the produced complex events. In this paper, we propose the use of the MEdit4CEP-CPN model-driven tool as a solution for conducting such quantitative analysis of events of interest for an application domain, without requiring knowledge of any scientific programming language for implementing the pattern conditions. Precisely, MEdit4CEP-CPN facilitates domain experts to graphically model event patterns, transform them into a Prioritized Colored Petri Net (PCPN) model, modify its initial marking depending on the application scenario, and make the quantitative analysis through the simulation and monitor capabilities provided by CPN tools.
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Afanasieva, Irina, Fedor Novikov, and Ludmila Fedorchenko. "Methodology for Development of Event-driven Software Systems using CIAO Specification Language." SPIIRAS Proceedings 19, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 481–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/sp.2020.19.3.1.
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Event-driven software systems, belonging to the class of systems with complex behavior in the scientific literature, are reactive systems, which react to the same input effect in different ways depending on their state and background.
It is convenient to describe such systems using state-transition models utilizing special language tools, both graphical and textual. Methodology for automated development of systems with complex behavior using the designed CIAO language (Cooperative Interaction of Automata Objects), which allows formally specifying the required behavior based on an informal description of the reacting system, is presented.
An informal description of a reacting system can be provided verbally in a natural language or in another way adopted in a specific domain. Further, according to this specification in the CIAO language, a software system for interacting automata in the C++ programming language is generated with a special system.
The generated program implements a behavior guaranteed to correspond to a given specification and original informal description. CIAO provides both graphical and textual notation. Graphic notation is based on an extended notation of state machine diagrams and component diagrams of the unified modeling language UML, which are well established in describing the behavior of event-driven systems.
The text syntax of the CIAO language is described by context-free grammar in regular form. Automatically generated C++ code allows using of both library and any external functions written manually.
At the same time, the evident correspondence of the formal specification and the generated code is preserved on conditions that the external functions conform to their specifications.
As an example, an original solution to D. Knut's problem of a responsive elevator control system is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated, since the automaton-converter generating the C++ code is presented as a responsive system, is specified in the CIAO language and implemented by the bootstrapping. The proposed methodology is compared with other well-known formal methods for describing systems with complex behavior.
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Dinu, Cristian, Radu Drobot, Claudiu Pricop, and Tudor Viorel Blidaru. "Genetic Programming Technique Applied for Flash-Flood Modelling Using Radar Rainfall Estimates." Mathematical Modelling in Civil Engineering 13, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmce-2017-0012.
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AbstractThe rainfall-runoff transformation is a highly complex dynamic process and the development of fast and robust modelling instruments has always been one of the most important topics for hydrology. Over time, a significant number of hydrological models have been developed with a clear trend towards a process-based approach. The downside of these types of models is the significant amount of data required for building the model and for the calibration process: in practice, the collection of all necessary data for such models proves to be a difficult task. In order to cope with this issue, various data-driven modelling techniques have been introduced for hydrological modelling as an alternative to more traditional approaches, on the basis of their capacity of mapping out complex relationships from observation data. Having the capacity to generate meaningful mathematical structures as results, genetic programming (GP) presents a high potential for rainfall-runoff modelling as a data-driven method. Using ground and radar rainfall observation, the aim of this study is to investigate the GP technique capability for modelling the rainfall-runoff process, taking into consideration a flash-flood event.
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Li, Long Teng, Gang Wu, Xiao Yan Li, Man Zhang, Xiao Yan Cai, and Chi Zhang. "Implementation of Key Technology of the Simulation and Training System for X-Type Missile Tail Test." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1346.
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A new approach is introduced to establish the simulation and training system for X-type missile tail test based on the platform of C8051F020 SCM by adopting virtual closed-loop control technology. This paper expatiates on the event-driven engine technology applied in SCM system, which can help to improve the efficiency of programming, strengthen the reliability of the program and therefore reduce the cost of research and development. It has some value of direction and reference for research and development of similar simulation and training devices.
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van Ginkel, Neline, Willem De Groef, Fabio Massacci, and Frank Piessens. "A Server-Side JavaScript Security Architecture for Secure Integration of Third-Party Libraries." Security and Communication Networks 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9629034.
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The popularity of the JavaScript programming language for server-side programming has increased tremendously over the past decade. The Node.js framework is a popular JavaScript server-side framework with an efficient runtime for cloud-based event-driven architectures. One of its strengths is the presence of thousands of third-party libraries which allow developers to quickly build and deploy applications. These very libraries are a source of security threats as a vulnerability in one library can (and in some cases did) compromise an entire server. In order to support the secure integration of libraries, we developed NODESENTRY, the first security architecture for server-side JavaScript. Our policy enforcement infrastructure supports an easy deployment of web hardening techniques and access control policies on interactions between libraries and their environment, including any dependent library. We discuss the design and implementation of NODESENTRY and present its performance and security evaluation.
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Meng, Yan. "Multi-Robot Searching using Game-Theory Based Approach." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 5, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/6232.
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This paper proposes a game-theory based approach in a multi–target searching using a multi-robot system in a dynamic environment. It is assumed that a rough priori probability map of the targets' distribution within the environment is given. To consider the interaction between the robots, a dynamic-programming equation is proposed to estimate the utility function for each robot. Based on this utility function, a cooperative nonzero-sum game is generated, where both pure Nash Equilibrium and mixed-strategy Equilibrium solutions are presented to achieve an optimal overall robot behaviors. A special consideration has been taken to improve the real-time performance of the game-theory based approach. Several mechanisms, such as event-driven discretization, one-step dynamic programming, and decision buffer, have been proposed to reduce the computational complexity. The main advantage of the algorithm lies in its real-time capabilities whilst being efficient and robust to dynamic environments.
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Wang, Yan Ping, Qi Xin Zhu, and Zhi Ping Li. "Optimal State Feedback Control in Operator Domain for Multi-Rate Networked Control Systems with Long Time Delay." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 1672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.1672.
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By multi-rate networked control systems (NCS), we mean the sampling periods of the sensor, the controller and the actuator in networked control systems are not the same, that is to say there are more than one sampling rate in networked control systems. For the long time delay multi-rate NCS with event-driven controller and actuator, a stochastic discrete model is established under operator. The state feedback control laws for the multi-rate NCS in operator domain are designed by using a dynamic programming approach. The derived optimal LQG controller can be used as a delay-compensator for multi-rate NCS with long time delays. An example is given to verify the theory results of this paper.
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CORAPI, DOMENICO, ALESSANDRA RUSSO, MARINA DE VOS, JULIAN PADGET, and KEN SATOH. "Normative design using inductive learning." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 11, no. 4-5 (July 2011): 783–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068411000305.
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AbstractIn this paper we propose a use-case-driven iterative design methodology for normative frameworks, also called virtual institutions, which are used to govern open systems. Our computational model represents the normative framework as a logic program under answer set semantics (ASP). By means of an inductive logic programming approach, implemented using ASP, it is possible to synthesise new rules and revise the existing ones. The learning mechanism is guided by the designer who describes the desired properties of the framework through use cases, comprising (i) event traces that capture possible scenarios, and (ii) a state that describes the desired outcome. The learning process then proposes additional rules, or changes to current rules, to satisfy the constraints expressed in the use cases. Thus, the contribution of this paper is a process for the elaboration and revision of a normative framework by means of a semi-automatic and iterative process driven from specifications of (un)desirable behaviour. The process integrates a novel and general methodology for theory revision based on ASP.
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Yeung, Enoch, Jongmin Kim, Ye Yuan, Jorge Gonçalves, and Richard M. Murray. "Data-driven network models for genetic circuits from time-series data with incomplete measurements." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 18, no. 182 (September 2021): 20210413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0413.
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Synthetic gene networks are frequently conceptualized and visualized as static graphs. This view of biological programming stands in stark contrast to the transient nature of biomolecular interaction, which is frequently enacted by labile molecules that are often unmeasured. Thus, the network topology and dynamics of synthetic gene networks can be difficult to verify in vivo or in vitro , due to the presence of unmeasured biological states. Here we introduce the dynamical structure function as a new mesoscopic, data-driven class of models to describe gene networks with incomplete measurements of state dynamics. We develop a network reconstruction algorithm and a code base for reconstructing the dynamical structure function from data, to enable discovery and visualization of graphical relationships in a genetic circuit diagram as time-dependent functions rather than static, unknown weights. We prove a theorem, showing that dynamical structure functions can provide a data-driven estimate of the size of crosstalk fluctuations from an idealized model. We illustrate this idea with numerical examples. Finally, we show how data-driven estimation of dynamical structure functions can explain failure modes in two experimentally implemented genetic circuits, a previously reported in vitro genetic circuit and a new E. coli -based transcriptional event detector.
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Yuan, Peilong, Wei Han, Xichao Su, Jie Liu, and Jingyu Song. "A Dynamic Scheduling Method for Carrier Aircraft Support Operation under Uncertain Conditions Based on Rolling Horizon Strategy." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 3, 2018): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091546.
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The efficient scheduling of carrier aircraft support operations in the flight deck is important for battle performances. The supporting operations and maintenance processes involve multiple support resources, complex scheduling process, and multiple constraints; the efficient coordination of these processes can be considered a multi-resource constrained multi-project scheduling problem (MRCMPSP), which is a complex non-deterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard) problem. The renewable resources include the operational crews, resource stations, and operational spaces, and the non-renewable resources include oil, gas, weapons, and electric power. An integer programming mathematical model is established to solve this problem. A periodic and event-driven rolling horizon (RH) scheduling strategy inspired by the RH optimization method from predictive control technology is presented for the dynamic scheduling environment. The periodic horizon scheduling strategy can track the changes of the carrier aircraft supporting system, and the improved event-driven mechanism can avoid unnecessary scheduling with effective resource allocation under uncertain conditions. The dual population genetic algorithm (DPGA) is designed to solve the large-scale scheduling problem. The activity list encoding method is proposed, and a new adaptive crossover and mutation strategy is designed to improve the global exploration ability. The double schedule for leftward and rightward populations is integrated into the genetic process of alternating iterations to improve the convergence speed and decrease the computation amount. The computational results show that our approach is effective at solving the scheduling problem in the dynamic environment, as well as making better decisions regarding disruption on a real-time basis.
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Mabu, Shingo, Lu Yu, Jin Zhou, Shinji Eto, and Kotaro Hirasawa. "A Double-Deck Elevator Systems Controller with Idle Cage Assignment Algorithm Using Genetic Network Programming." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 14, no. 5 (July 20, 2010): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2010.p0487.
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So far, many studies on Double-Deck Elevator Systems (DDES) have been done for exploring more efficient algorithms to improve the system transportation capacity, especially in a heavy traffic mode. The main idea of these algorithms is to decrease the number of stops during a round trip by grouping the passengers with the same destination as much as possible. Unlike what occurs in this mode, where all cages almost always keep moving, there is the case, where some cages become idle in a light traffic mode. Therefore, how to dispatch these idle cages, which is seldom considered in the heavy traffic mode, becomes important when developing the controller of DDES. In this paper, we propose a DDES controller with idle cage assignment algorithm embedded using Genetic Network Programming (GNP) for a light traffic mode, which is based on a timer and event-driven hybrid model. To verify the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method, some experiments have been done under a special down-peak pattern where passengers emerge especially at the 7th floor. Simulation results show that the proposed method improves the performance compared with the case when the cage assignment algorithm is not employed and works better than six other heuristic methods in a light traffic mode.
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Yi, Ping, Yucheng Zhang, Saroja Devarakonda, and Jianyun Li. "Integrated Sign Ordering System Through Networking and Rule Base Applications." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1804, no. 1 (January 2002): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1804-24.
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The development and testing of an integrated sign ordering system (ISOS) framework are introduced. Based on advanced networking and database technologies and object-oriented and event-driven programming paradigms, this framework was built to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing an information management system for the design, production, and application of traffic signs. By using this information system, data utilization can be automated locally and over the network among the district, the central office, and the sign shop that are involved in the ordering and production process of signs. Preliminary testing by using data from the Ohio Department of Transportation indicates that the ISOS model is feasible and practical. It enables accurate and reliable design data flows within the system and is very user friendly. With further enhancement to its functions, the ISOS model could be developed into an effective engineering tool for field applications.
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Hlynsky, Yaroslav M., Dmytro V. Fedasiuk, and Victoriia A. Riazhska. "РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ І ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ ВІДЕОРЕСУРСІВ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ." Information Technologies and Learning Tools 58, no. 2 (April 29, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v58i2.1580.
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This article discusses the theoretical foundation, the creation and implementation of the electronic educational video resources (EEVR) in the example of the development and the usage of the collection of video tutorials in event-driven programming theme, which is studied in the framework of the subject "Informatics" by students of many specialties. It offers some development of the existing conceptual and categorical apparatus concerning EEVR development. It is alleged that the video tutorials allow you to automate the process of learning, redistribute instructional time for the benefit of students' independent work, to provide classroom release time for the teaching of the theoretical issues of the course that is aimed at improving the fundamental nature of training. Practical recommendations for the development of the effective EEVR, which may be useful for the authors of e-learning courses for students of different forms of training are proposed.
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PATHAK, JYOTISHMAN, SAMIK BASU, ROBYN LUTZ, and VASANT HONAVAR. "MoSCoE: AN APPROACH FOR COMPOSING WEB SERVICES THROUGH ITERATIVE REFORMULATION OF FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 17, no. 01 (February 2008): 109–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213008003807.
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We propose a specification-driven approach to Web service composition. Our framework allows the users (or service developers) to start with a high-level, possibly incomplete specification of a desired (goal) service that is to be realized using a subset of the available component services. These services are represented using labeled transition systems augmented with guards over variables with infinite domains and are used to determine a strategy for their composition that would realize the goal service functionality. However, in the event the goal service cannot be realized using the available services, our approach identifies the cause(s) for such failure which can then be used by the developer to reformulate the goal specification. Thus, the technique supports Web service composition through iterative reformulation of the functional specification. We present a prototype implementation in a tabled-logic programming environment that illustrates the key features of the proposed approach.
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Jin, Liangliang, Chaoyong Zhang, Xinyu Shao, and Xudong Yang. "A study on the impact of periodic and event-driven rescheduling on a manufacturing system: An integrated process planning and scheduling case." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 3 (August 6, 2016): 490–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416629585.
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The integration of process planning and scheduling is a very important problem because it proposes a new idea for improving the performance of a manufacturing system. At present, most existing studies on this problem are static, which assumes that all the jobs to be processed are available in the beginning. However, the practical processing situation is dynamic, such as new job arrivals. Since dynamic production situations are different with static cases, it is important to study the characteristics of actual production situations. In this article, the characteristics of dynamic integrated process planning and scheduling problem with job arrivals are studied. A novel mixed integer linear programming model is established to accommodate new job arrivals, and three criteria (makespan, stability, and tardiness) are considered. New periodic and event-driven rescheduling strategies are presented. In the proposed strategy, newly added jobs together with uncompleted jobs will be rescheduled by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II to obtain the optimal Pareto front when the rescheduling procedure is triggered. The entropy-based weight assigning method together with the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method is adopted to determine an appropriate schedule among the resultant non-dominated solutions. A set of well-known benchmark instances is employed to investigate the characteristics of the dynamic integrated process planning and scheduling problem with random job arrivals. Experimental results show that the length of a scheduling interval, the number of newly added jobs, and the shop utilization have an important influence on the efficiency of a manufacturing system.
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Zhang, Pu Han, Jing Zhe Li, Shuai Shao, and Peng Wang. "PDroid: Detecting Privacy Leakage on Android." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 2658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.2658.
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The prevalence of Android makes it face the severe security threats from malicious apps. Many Android malware can steal users’ sensitive data and leak them out. The data flow analysis is a popular technique used to detect privacy leakages by tracking the sensitive information flow statically. In practice, an effective data flow analysis should employ inter-procedure information tracking. However, the Android event-driven programming model brings a challenge to construct the call graph (CG) for a target app. This paper presents a method which employs the inter-procedural and context-sensitive data flow analysis to detect privacy leakage in Android apps. To make the analysis accurate, a flow-sensitive and points-to call target analysis is employed to construct and improve the call graph. A prototype system, called PDroid, has been implemented and applied to some real malware. The experiment shows that our method can effective detect the privacy leakages cross multiple method call instances.
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Boroni, Gustavo, and Alejandro Clausse. "Ludwig: A Training Simulator of the Safety Operation of a CANDU Reactor." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/802410.
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This paper presents the applicationLudwigdesigned to train operators of a CANDU Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) by means of a computer control panel that simulates the response of the evolution of the physical variables of the plant under normal transients. The model includes a close set of equations representing the principal components of a CANDU NPP plant, a nodalized primary circuit, core, pressurizer, and steam generators. The design of the application was performed using the object-oriented programming paradigm, incorporating an event-driven process to reflect the action of the human operators and the automatic control system. A comprehensive set of online graphical displays are provided giving an in-depth understanding of transient neutronic and thermal hydraulic response of the power plant. The model was validated against data from a real transient occurring in the Argentine NPP Embalse Río Tercero, showing good agreement. However, it should be stressed that the aim of the simulator is in the training of operators and engineering students.
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Mardian, Rizki, and Kosuke Sekiyama. "Model-Based Design and Control of Distributed DNA-Based Systems by Petri Nets." Nano 11, no. 01 (January 2016): 1650003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179329201650003x.
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Coordination is an important aspect in developing distributed systems. While in silicon-based agents, i.e., mechanical robotics, designing individual-level behavior that may emerge into one global function is a typical approach to such systems, in DNA-based agents, programming of each individual’s behavior still remains a challenge, as they are based on chemical reactions. These reactions occur immediately after all reactants have been mixed into a solution, which introduces challenges in logical control. In this work, we report a design strategy for coordinated event-driven DNA-based systems by using a Petri Nets model. First, computational primitives based on DNA strand displacement reaction are introduced. Second, their molecular implementation is abstracted by Petri Nets for high-level design. Third, as our main contribution, we propose the model of interacting multi-agent systems based on DNA-only reactions. We verify our design via in silico simulation and show initial experiments of Petri Nets operators. From the obtained results, we argue that our design strategy is feasible for coordinating interaction of distributed DNA-based systems.
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Sirjani, Marjan, Edward A. Lee, and Ehsan Khamespanah. "Verification of Cyberphysical Systems." Mathematics 8, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8071068.
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The value of verification of cyberphysical systems depends on the relationship between the state of the software and the state of the physical system. This relationship can be complex because of the real-time nature and different timelines of the physical plant, the sensors and actuators, and the software that is almost always concurrent and distributed. In this paper, we study different ways to construct a transition system model for the distributed and concurrent software components of a CPS. The purpose of the transition system model is to enable model checking, an established and widely used verification technique. We describe a logical-time-based transition system model, which is commonly used for verifying programs written in synchronous languages, and derive the conditions under which such a model faithfully reflects physical states. When these conditions are not met (a common situation), a finer-grained event-based transition system model may be required. We propose an approach for formal verification of cyberphysical systems using Lingua Franca, a language designed for programming cyberphysical systems, and Rebeca, an actor-based language designed for model checking distributed event-driven systems. We focus on the cyber part and model a faithful interface to the physical part. Our method relies on the assumption that the alignment of different timelines during the execution of the system is the responsibility of the underlying platforms. We make those assumptions explicit and clear.
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Kim, Ki-Wook, Sung-Gi Min, and Youn-Hee Han. "In-Network Data Processing in Software-Defined IoT with a Programmable Data Plane." Mobile Information Systems 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8618267.
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Making an SDN data plane flexible enough to satisfy the various requirements of heterogeneous IoT applications is very desirable in terms of software-defined IoT (SD-IoT) networking. Network devices with a programmable data plane provide an ability to dynamically add new packet- and data-processing procedures to IoT applications. The previously proposed solutions for the addition of the programmability feature to the SDN data plane provide extensibility for the packet-forwarding operations of new protocols, but IoT applications need a more flexible programmability for in-network data-processing operations (e.g., the sensing-data aggregation from thousands of sensor nodes). Moreover, some IoT models such as OMG DDS, oneM2M, and Eclipse SCADA use the publish-subscribe model that is difficult to represent using the operations of the existing message-centric data-plane models. We introduce a new in-network data-processing scheme for the SD-IoT data plane that defines an event-driven data-processing model that can express a variety of in-network data-processing cases in the SD-IoT environment. Also, the proposed model comprises a language for the programming of the data-processing procedures, while a flexible data-plane structure that can install and execute the programs at runtime is additionally presented. We demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed scheme by using sample programs in a number of example SD-IoT cases.
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Rezaei, Mahdi, Mohsen Akbarpour Shirazi, and Behrooz Karimi. "IoT-based framework for performance measurement." Industrial Management & Data Systems 117, no. 4 (May 8, 2017): 688–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-08-2016-0331.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based framework for supply chain (SC) performance measurement and real-time decision alignment. The aims of the proposed model are to optimize the performance indicator based on integrated supply chain operations reference metrics. Design/methodology/approach The SC multi-dimensional structure is modeled by multi-objective optimization methods. The operational presented model considers important SC features thoroughly such as multi-echelons, several suppliers, several manufacturers and several products during multiple periods. A multi-objective mathematical programming model is then developed to yield the operational decisions with Pareto efficient performance values and solved using a well-known meta-heuristic algorithm, i.e., non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II. Afterward, Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method is used to determine the best operational solution based on the strategic decision maker’s idea. Findings This paper proposes a dynamic integrated solution for three main problems: strategic decisions in high level, operational decisions in low level and alignment of these two decision levels. Originality/value The authors propose a human intelligence-based process for high level decision and machine intelligence-based decision support systems for low level decision using a novel approach. High level and low level decisions are aligned by a machine intelligence model as well. The presented framework is based on change detection, event driven planning and real-time decision alignment.
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Muller, Lisa, Christos Chrysoulas, Nikolaos Pitropakis, and Peter J. Barclay. "A Traffic Analysis on Serverless Computing Based on the Example of a File Upload Stream on AWS Lambda." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 4, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc4040038.
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The shift towards microservisation which can be observed in recent developments of the cloud landscape for applications has led towards the emergence of the Function as a Service (FaaS) concept, also called Serverless. This term describes the event-driven, reactive programming paradigm of functional components in container instances, which are scaled, deployed, executed and billed by the cloud provider on demand. However, increasing reports of issues of Serverless services have shown significant obscurity regarding its reliability. In particular, developers and especially system administrators struggle with latency compliance. In this paper, following a systematic literature review, the performance indicators influencing traffic and the effective delivery of the provider’s underlying infrastructure are determined by carrying out empirical measurements based on the example of a File Upload Stream on Amazon’s Web Service Cloud. This popular example was used as an experimental baseline in this study, based on different incoming request rates. Different parameters were used to monitor and evaluate changes through the function’s logs. It has been found that the so-called Cold-Start, meaning the time to provide a new instance, can increase the Round-Trip-Time by 15%, on average. Cold-Start happens after an instance has not been called for around 15 min, or after around 2 h have passed, which marks the end of the instance’s lifetime. The research shows how the numbers have changed in comparison to earlier related work, as Serverless is a fast-growing field of development. Furthermore, emphasis is given towards future research to improve the technology, algorithms, and support for developers.
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Tao, Weiqing, Mengyu Ma, Chen Fang, Wei Xie, Ming Ding, Dachao Xu, and Yangqing Shi. "Design and Application of a Distribution Network Phasor Data Concentrator." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 2942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082942.
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The wide area measurement system (WAMS) based on synchronous phasor measurement technology has been widely used in power transmission grids to achieve dynamic monitoring and control of the power grid. At present, to better realize real-time situational awareness and control of the distribution network, synchronous phasor measurement technology has been gradually applied to the distribution network, such as the application of micro multifunctional phasor measurement units (μMPMUs). The distribution network phasor data concentrator (DPDC), as a connection node between the μMPMUs and the main station, is also gaining more attraction. This paper first analyzes the communication network structure of DPDCs and μMPMUs and compares and analyzes the differences in the installation locations, functions, communication access methods and communication protocols of the phasor technology devices of the distribution network and the transmission network. It is pointed out that DPDCs not only need the functions of data collection, storage, and forwarding like transmission network PDCs, but also should be able to access more μMPMUs, and can aggregate the phasor data of the same time scale from μMPMUs by different communication methods. The communication protocol selected by DPDC should be expanded to support remote control, telemetry, fault diagnosis and other functions of distribution automation. The application requirements of DPDCs are clarified, and the key indicators of DPDCs are given as a method to evaluate the basic performance of DPDCs. Then, to address the problems of more μMPMU access, abnormal communication, and data collection with different delays that DPDC encountered, a DPDC that considers multiple communication methods is designed. Based on the Linux system and the libuv library, the DPDC is designed with event-driven mechanism and structured programming, runs multiple threads to implement multitasking, and invokes callbacks to perform asynchronous non-blocking operations. The DPDC test system and test methods are designed. The performance of the designed DPDC is evaluated through the test and the test results are analyzed. Lastly, its real-world application is disclosed, which further confirmed the value of our DPDC.
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Osadcha, Kateryna, and Angelica Babich. "Use of Mobile Technologies in the Process of Information Technologies Training in the Secondary School." Ukrainian Journal of Educational Studies and Information Technology 5, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32919/uesit.2017.04.01.
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The article actualizes the problem of improving the process of teaching informatics in a secondary comprehensive school. It was noted that the technology of using mobile learning tools was covered by scientists J. Attewell, K. L. Buhaichuk, I. O. Zolotareva, V. V. Osadchyi, D. L. Revenaugh, A. M. Trush and others. V. O. Kuklev, Ye. D. Patrakin, A. A. Fedosieiev, B. Banister and others highlighted prospects and possibilities of mobile learning in their works. M. Yu. Novikov raised the question of possibility to use mobile technologies in the school curriculum of informatics in senior classes. However, the use of mobile technologies by secondary school students while studying informatics has been hardly covered in home researches.
Having analyzed scientific methodological literature and the Internet resources there was generalized the experience of introducing mobile technologies into the process of teaching informatics in a secondary school. There were given the definitions of notions “mobile technologies”, “mobile learning technologies”, “mobile informational and communicative technologies”. The authors understand mobile technologies as learning technologies based on the use of mobile devices (Mobile phones, smart phones, communicators, pocket computers, tablet computers), mobile attachments (programs for mobile devices), services (receiving, storage, processing, search, transfer of data and others with the help of a mobile device), and mobile communication facilities (GSM, WAP, GPRS, Bluetooth, WiFi, IMax) in the process of learning.
There was analyzed the existing program software for operational systems Windows 10 Mobile, Android, iOS intended for education. On the basis of this there were singled out mobile attachments to be used at informatics lessons from the 5th to the 9th grades according to curriculum topics. In particular, while learning the topic “Algorithms and their performers” to study basic algorithmic structures (sequence, repetition, branching, conditions, functions, cycles, repairing) it’s offered to use such mobile attachments as Coddy, Lightbot, Robozzle. In the 8th grade in order to make acquaintance with the programming environment and to study the ways of creating a software project, the topic “Basis of event-driven and object-oriented programming” should be learnt with the help of such programs as AIDE-IDE for Android Java C++, Java Editor, Pocket Code, Scratch, iBlocks Blocky, CB1 Blockly, MIT AI2 Companion. The authors draw to the conclusion that every topic in informatics in a secondary school can be learnt with the help of mobile attachments. Given examples of using mobile attachments (Robozzle Droid, «Kahoot!») at informatics lessons in the 6th and the 8th grade demonstrate various possibilities of mobile software in studying informatics.
Survey results of effectiveness of mobile technologies while learning informatics in a secondary school which were provided prove the reasons of using mobile technologies at informatics lessons and while doing home tasks.
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Felber, Gene, Chi-Chang Chen, Jenny Willson, Chris Bell, Edgar Simard, Sasikiran Nunna, Chandrabhan Dharmani, Heide Stirnadel-Farrant, Feng Wang, and Amanda Bruno. "US Cost Burden of Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma during Third and Later Lines of Treatment." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 4725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-130791.
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Background: Several novel therapies for multiple myeloma (MM) have been approved in recent years. While these therapies have demonstrated improvement in real-world tumor responses and progression-free survival, the cost burden of late-line relapsed refractory MM is not well understood. The objective of this retrospective cohort analysis of US claims data was to examine total, MM-related, and adverse event (AE)-related healthcare costs for patients with MM at different lines of treatment (LOTs), with a focus on patients at third (3L) or later (4L+) LOT. Methods: The study identified an incident cohort of treatment-naïve patients with MM aged ≥18 years from the PharMetrics Plus (IQVIA™, Durham, NC) database of US commercial claims and included patients had a first diagnosis of MM (Index date) between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2016 and received ≥1 MM therapy during the ≥1-year follow-up period. Endpoints included all-cause and MM-related costs per patient per month (PPPM), common AEs, AE-related costs per episode, and proportion of patients requiring AE-related hospitalization. Descriptive analyses were conducted based on LOT (first-line [1L], second-line [2L], 3L and 4L+) which was defined using all MM drugs of interest observed within 28 days of use of the first MM drug, whereas end of a LOT was identified using a 90-day gap in the therapy regimen or use of a new agent outside the 28-day window. All-cause and MM-related costs were compared between patients indexed from 2012-2014 and 2015-2017 (ranges based on the availability of new MM drugs) using a univariate generalized model with log link and gamma distribution. Results: Of the 2,120 patients in the incident cohort, 799 (37.7%) and 390 (18.4%) patients received 3L and 4L+ treatments, respectively. Mean (standard deviation) age at initial MM diagnosis was 58.9 (8.9) and 58.8 (8.6) years for patients progressing to 3L and 4L+. Patients at 3L or 4L+ had greater use of novel therapies (29.2% and 66.9%, respectively) vs patients at 1L (1.4%) and 2L (12.0%). Mean all-cause and MM-related total costs PPPM were higher in 3L and 4L+ vs the mean costs for the entire cohort (Table 1). Costs were significantly greater in patients indexed later (2015-2017) vs earlier (2012-2014) during the study (before inflation adjustments). The most frequent AEs after initial MM diagnosis included hematologic AEs (anemia [79.3%], neutropenia [40.9%], and thrombocytopenia [38.2%]), pneumonia (32.6%), and bone pain (72.9%). The median duration of most AEs was short (1.0-5.0 days). The AE-related cost per episode of these AEs was high and increased during later lines of therapy, largely driven by increased inpatient and outpatient costs (Table 2). Costs were highest across lines of therapy for anemia, neutropenia and pneumonia. Conclusion: Patients in 3L and 4L+ of MM treatment incurred high healthcare costs that followed a typical cost distribution ranging from $18,000 to $22,000 PPPM (median values), with several patients incurring much higher costs that swung mean values substantially upward ($89,000 and $40,000 PPPM, respectively). Costs of managing AEs followed a similar distribution but were somewhat similar across LOTs, with median values ranging from $2,000 to $4,500 per episode and mean values exceeding $30,000 per episode. Additional research should focus on better understanding patients with high cost values, and other costs of managing MM and associated AEs that were not addressed in this analysis. Acknowledgments: Medical writing assistance was provided by Mary E. Morgan PhD at Fishawack Indicia Ltd UK and funded by GlaxoSmithKline. Programming was provided by Kainan Sun, an employee of IQVIA. This study (HO-18-18615) was funded by GlaxoSmithKline. Disclosures Felber: GlaxoSmithKline: Employment, Equity Ownership. Chen:IQVIA: Employment; GSK: Research Funding. Willson:GSK: Equity Ownership; GSK: Employment. Bell:GlaxoSmithKline: Equity Ownership; GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Simard:GlaxoSmithKline (former employee): Employment; Medtronic (current employee): Employment. Nunna:GSK: Research Funding; IQVIA: Employment. Dharmani:GSK: Employment. Stirnadel-Farrant:GSK: Employment, Equity Ownership. Wang:GSK: Employment; BMS: Equity Ownership. Bruno:GSK: Employment; BMS: Equity Ownership.
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Gupta, Dhruv. "Search and analytics using semantic annotations." ACM SIGIR Forum 53, no. 2 (December 2019): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3458553.3458567.
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Current information retrieval systems are limited to text in documents for helping users with their information needs. With the progress in the field of natural language processing, there now exists the possibility of enriching large document collections with accurate semantic annotations. Annotations in the form of part-of-speech tags, temporal expressions, numerical values, geographic locations, and other named entities can help us look at terms in text with additional semantics. This doctoral dissertation presents methods for search and analysis of large semantically annotated document collections. Concretely, we make contributions along three broad directions: indexing, querying, and mining of large semantically annotated document collections. Indexing Annotated Document Collections. Knowledge-centric tasks such as information extraction, question answering, and relationship extraction require a user to retrieve text regions within documents that detail relationships between entities. Current search systems are ill-equipped to handle such tasks, as they can only provide phrase querying with Boolean operators. To enable knowledge acquisition at scale, we propose gyani, an indexing infrastructure for knowledge-centric tasks. gyani enables search for structured query patterns by allowing regular expression operators to be expressed between word sequences and semantic annotations. To implement grep-like search capabilities over large annotated document collections, we present a data model and index design choices involving word sequences, annotations, and their combinations. We show that by using our proposed indexing infrastructure we bring about drastic speedups in crucial knowledge-centric tasks: 95× in information extraction, 53× in question answering, and 12× in relationship extraction. Hyper-phrase queries are multi-phrase set queries that naturally arise when attempting to spot knowledge graph facts or subgraphs in large document collections. An example hyper-phrase query for the fact 〈mahatma gandhi, nominated for, nobel peace prize〉 is: 〈{ mahatma gandhi, m k gandhi, gandhi }, { nominated, nominee, nomination received }, { nobel peace prize, nobel prize for peace, nobel prize in peace }〉. Efficient execution of hyper-phrase queries is of essence when attempting to verify and validate claims concerning named entities or emerging named entities. To do so, it is required that the fact concerning the entity can be contextualized in text. To acquire text regions given a hyper-phrase query, we propose a retrieval framework using combinations of n-gram and skip-gram indexes. Concretely, we model the combinatorial space of the phrases in the hyper-phrase query to be retrieved using vertical and horizontal operators and propose a dynamic programming approach for optimized query processing. We show that using our proposed optimizations we can retrieve sentences in support of knowledge graph facts and subgraphs from large document collections within seconds. Querying Annotated Document Collections. Users often struggle to convey their information needs in short keyword queries. This often results in a series of query reformulations, in an attempt to find relevant documents. To assist users navigate large document collections and lead them to their information needs with ease, we propose methods that leverage semantic annotations. As a first step, we focus on temporal information needs. Specifically, we leverage temporal expressions in large document collections to serve time-sensitive queries better. Time-sensitive queries, e.g., summer olympics implicitly carry a temporal dimension for document retrieval. To help users explore longitudinal document collections, we propose a method that generates time intervals of interest as query reformulations. For instance, for the query world war , time intervals of interest are: [1914; 1918] and [1939;1945]. The generated time intervals are immediately useful in search-related tasks such as temporal query classification and temporal diversification of documents. As a second and final step, we focus on helping the user in navigating large document collections by generating semantic aspects. The aspects are generated using semantic annotations in the form of temporal expressions, geographic locations, and other named entities. Concretely, we propose the xFactor algorithm that generates semantic aspects in two steps. In the first step, xFactor computes the salience of annotations in models informed of their semantics. Thus, the temporal expressions 1930s and 1939 are considered similar as well as entities such as usain bolt and justin gatlin are considered related when computing their salience. Second, the xFactor algorithm computes the co-occurrence salience of annotations belonging to different types by using an efficient partitioning procedure. For instance, the aspect 〈{usain bolt}, {beijing, London}, [2008;2012]〉 signifies that the entity, locations, and the time interval are observed frequently in isolation as well as together in the documents retrieved for the query olympic medalists. Mining Annotated Document Collections. Large annotated document collections are a treasure trove of historical information concerning events and entities. In this regard, we first present EventMiner, a clustering algorithm, that mines events for keyword queries by using annotations in the form of temporal expressions, geographic locations, and other disambiguated named entities present in a pseudo-relevant set of documents. EventMiner aggregates the annotation evidences by mathematically modeling their semantics. Temporal expressions are modeled in an uncertainty and proximity-aware time model. Geographic locations are modeled as minimum bounding rectangles over their geographic co-ordinates. Other disambiguated named entities are modeled as a set of links corresponding to their Wikipedia articles. For a set of history-oriented queries concerning entities and events, we show that our approach can truly identify event clusters when compared to approaches that disregard annotation semantics. Second and finally, we present jigsaw, an end-to-end query-driven system that generates structured tables for user-defined schema from unstructured text. To define the table schema, we describe query operators that help perform structured search on annotated text and fill in table cell values. To resolve table cell values whose values can not be retrieved, we describe methods for inferring null values using local context. jigsaw further relies on semantic models for text and numbers to link together near-duplicate rows. This way, jigsaw is able to piece together paraphrased, partial, and redundant text regions retrieved in response to structured queries to generate high-quality tables within seconds. This doctoral dissertation was supervised by Klaus Berberich at the Max Planck Institute for Informatics and htw saar in Saarbrücken, Germany. This thesis is available online at: https://people.mpi-inf.mpg.de/~dhgupta/pub/dhruv-thesis.pdf.
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Zhao, Qingtao, Jennie Si, and Jian Sun. "Online Reinforcement Learning Control by Direct Heuristic Dynamic Programming: From Time-Driven to Event-Driven." IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 2021, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3053037.
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Sahoo, Avimanyu, and Sarangapani Jagannathan. "Stochastic Optimal Regulation of Nonlinear Networked Control Systems by Using Event-Driven Adaptive Dynamic Programming." IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 2016, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2016.2519445.
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Mountjoy, Margo, Jane Moran, Hosny Ahmed, Stephane Bermon, Xavier Bigard, Dominik Doerr, Alain Lacoste, et al. "Athlete health and safety at large sport events: the development of consensus-driven guidelines." British Journal of Sports Medicine, November 12, 2020, bjsports—2020–102771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102771.
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All sport events have inherent injury and illness risks for participants. Healthcare services for sport events should be planned and delivered to mitigate these risks which is the ethical responsibility of all sport event organisers. The objective of this paper was to develop consensus-driven guidelines describing the basic standards of services necessary to protect athlete health and safety during large sporting events. By using the Knowledge Translation Scheme Framework, a gap in International Federation healthcare programming for sport events was identified. Event healthcare content areas were determined through a narrative review of the scientific literature. Content experts were systematically identified. Following a literature search, an iterative consensus process was undertaken. The outcome document was written by the knowledge translation expert writing group, with the assistance of a focus group consisting of a cohort of International Federation Medical Chairpersons. Athletes were recruited to review and provide comment. The Healthcare Guidelines for International Federation Events document was developed including content-related to (i) pre-event planning (eg, sport medical risk assessment, public health requirements, environmental considerations), (ii) event safety (eg, venue medical services, emergency action plan, emergency transport, safety and security) and (iii) additional considerations (eg, event health research, spectator medical services). We developed a generic standardised template guide to facilitate the planning and delivery of medical services at international sport events. The organisers of medical services should adapt, evaluate and modify this guide to meet the sport-specific local context.