Journal articles: 'Event-triggered communication schemes'

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Duan, Jiajun, Hao Xu, and Wenxin Liu. "Event-triggered and self-triggered wide-area damping control designs under uncertainties." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 7 (April 20, 2017): 2259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331217700241.

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Traditional damping controllers of wide-area power systems (WAPSs) are not able to solve the inter-area oscillation problem effectively owing to lack of global vision. It weakens the power transfer capability and even the stability of WAPSs. The installation of a large number of phase measurement units brings about the system-wide synchronized measurements. Considering that conventional periodic control solutions have placed an excessive burden on the cyber infrastructure, in this paper, two advanced aperiodic control schemes are designed based on the real-time global synchronized measurements. Two control schemes, that is, zero-order-hold event-triggered control and self-triggered control, are developed for wide-area damping control with the minimum communication between the control center and the actuators. The control center only updates control signals for the actuators when certain conditions are triggered, and there is no communication occurrence for the rest of time. Thus, they have mild requirements on communication and computation. The algorithms are tested through simulations of WAPS models with different levels of details. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and benefits of the control design.

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Chai, Xiaofeng, Jian Liu, Yao Yu, Jianxiang Xi, and Changyin Sun. "Practical Fixed-Time Event-Triggered Time-Varying Formation Tracking Control for Disturbed Multi-Agent Systems with Continuous Communication Free." Unmanned Systems 09, no. 01 (October 2, 2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2301385021500035.

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In this paper, we study the practical fixed-time event-triggered time-varying formation tracking problem of leader-follower multi-agent systems with multi-dimensional dynamics. Fixed-time event-triggered control schemes with continuous communication and intermittent communication are developed, respectively. Continuous communication and measurement are avoided, and computation cost is reduced greatly in the latter scheme. And the settling time is to be specified regardless of initial states of agents. Meanwhile, tracking errors are adjustable as desired with expected settling time. It is demonstrated that time-varying formation tracking can be achieved under the two proposed control schemes and Zeno behavior can be excluded. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies.

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Kartakis, Sokratis, Anqi Fu, Manuel Mazo, and Julie A. McCann. "Communication Schemes for Centralized and Decentralized Event-Triggered Control Systems." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 26, no. 6 (November 2018): 2035–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2017.2753166.

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Shi, Jing, Dong Yue, and Shengxuan Weng. "Distributed event-triggered mechanism for secondary voltage control with microgrids." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 6 (June 21, 2018): 1553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331218770715.

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This paper presents a secondary voltage control scheme with a distributed event-triggered mechanism for multiple distributed generators in droop-controlled microgrids. First, considering the issue of limited bandwidth of a communication network in a practical application, two types of distributed event-triggered mechanisms are proposed to reduce the information transmission pressure, while preserving the desired control performance. Then, based on the proposed triggering schemes, distributed secondary controllers are designed for distributed generators. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that by using the control strategy, the voltages of distributed generators are synchronised to their nominal values.

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Zhang, Chengxi, Jin Wu, Yulong Huang, Yu Jiang, Ming-zhe Dai, and Mingjiang Wang. "Constructive schemes to spacecraft attitude control with low communication frequency using sampled-data and encryption approaches." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 93, no. 2 (March 19, 2021): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-08-2020-0157.

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Purpose Recent spacecraft attitude control systems tend to use wireless communication for cost-saving and distributed mission purposes while encountering limited communication resources and data exposure issues. This paper aims to study the attitude control problem with low communication frequency under the sampled-data. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose constructive control system structures based on quantization and event-triggered methods for intra-spacecraft and multi-spacecraft systems, and they also provide potential solutions to shield the control system's data security. The proposed control architectures can effectively save communication resources for both intra-spacecraft and multi-spacecraft systems. Findings The proposed control architectures no longer require sensors with trigger-ing mechanism and can achieve distributed control schemes. This paper also provides proposals of employing the public key encryption to secure the data in control-loop, which is transmitted by the event-triggered control mechanism. Practical implications Spacecraft attempts to use wireless communication, yet the attitude control system does not follow up promptly to accommodate these variations. Compared with existing approaches, the proposed control structures can save communication resources of control-loop in multi-sections effectively, and systematically, by rationally configuring the location of quantization and event-triggered mechanisms. Originality/value This paper presents several new control schemes and a necessary condition for the employment of encryption algorithms for control systems based on event-based communication.

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Gong, Hang, Fangke Wu, Runzhi Liu, Xin Jin, Wei Zhou, and Xing Chu. "Event-Based Sampled-Data Average Consensus." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (July 18, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1586289.

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This study addresses one of the most essential distributed control problems in multiagent systems, called the average consensus issue, using a new event-triggered sampling control perspective. Although the continuous-time sampling for average consensus has provided good results currently, a systematic investigation into the continuous-time agent dynamics with sampled-data control inputs under an event-triggered mechanism is critically lacking. The problem considered in this paper can be formulated into an average consensus problem of hybrid systems. The method considers three types of control schemes, among which periodic sampling is integrant. The first scheme is a classical sampling controller reinvestigated through a lemma. The second scheme realizes aperiodic control update as well as periodic communication, while the third scheme achieves both aspects aperiodically. Corresponding sufficient conditions of the aforementioned three schemes are derived such that the asymptotic stability of systems is ensured by using algebraic graph theory, matrix analysis, and Lyapunov theory. The constraints for the allowed sampling period, event parameter, and maximum eigenvalue of graph Laplacian are explicitly derived. Moreover, the potential Zeno behavior of agents due to the sampling control theory is avoided. Thus, a digitally implementable technique is provided. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical analysis.

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Wang, Yougang, Jing Zhang, and Huaiqin Wu. "Distributed Adaptive Mittag–Leffler Formation Control for Second-Order Fractional Multi-Agent Systems via Event-Triggered Control Strategy." Fractal and Fractional 6, no. 7 (July 4, 2022): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract6070380.

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This brief investigates the Mittag–Leffler formation bounded control problem for second-order fractional multi-agent systems (FMASs), where the dynamical nodes of followers are modeled to satisfy quadratic (QUAD) condition. Firstly, under the undirected communication topology, for the considered second-order nonlinear FMASs, a distributed event-triggered control scheme (ETCS) is designed to realize the global Mittag–Leffler bounded formation control goal. Secondly, by introducing adaptive weights into triggering condition and control protocol, an adaptive event-triggered formation protocol is presented to achieve the global Mittag–Leffler bounded formation. Thirdly, a five-step algorithm is provided to describe protocol execution steps. Finally, two simulation examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

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Zhang, Qiong, and Kewang Zhang. "Protecting Location Privacy in IoT Wireless Sensor Networks through Addresses Anonymity." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (April 18, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2440313.

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Location privacy is very important for event-triggered type of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) applications such as tracking and monitoring of wild animals. Most of the security schemes for WSNs are designed to provide protection for content privacy. Contextual privacy such as node identity anonymity has received much less attention. The adversary can fully explore such contextual information to disclose the location of critical components such as source nodes or base station. Most existing schemes provide location privacy at network layer. As no measures are taken to provide node identity anonymity at data link layer, the adversary can launch traffic analysis attacks to jeopardize location privacy. In this paper, a scheme named HASHA is proposed to defend against traffic analysis attacks through hashed one-time addresses. Hashed results of payload are used to create dynamic one-time MAC addresses between the communication pairs. Because of inevitable wireless frame errors, it is impossible for adversaries to track dynamic addresses. Therefore, HASHA can provide strong node identity anonymity, which makes traffic analysis attacks much more difficult and provides better location privacy. Simulations and analysis results show that HASHA can provide better location privacy with limited communication overheads, which is particularly suitable for resource-limited WSNs.

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Pullaguram, Deepak, Sukumar Mishra, and Nilanjan Senroy. "Event-Triggered Communication Based Distributed Control Scheme for DC Microgrid." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 33, no. 5 (September 2018): 5583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2018.2799618.

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Li, Hongjie. "H-infinity bipartite consensus of multi-agent systems with external disturbance and probabilistic actuator faults in signed networks." AIMS Mathematics 7, no. 2 (2022): 2019–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2022116.

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<abstract><p>The H-infinity bipartite consensus problem is addressed for a class of linear multi-agent systems with external disturbance, where the positive and negative links are allowed in communication topology. A novel event-triggered communication scheme is presented to save limited network resources, which dependents on information from neighboring agents at event-triggered instants, the given event-triggered condition is detected only at discrete sampling times, thus Zeno behavior can be excluded, two types of event-triggered matrices have been introduced in our event-triggered communication scheme, which can further reduce the sampled-data transmission compared with some existed results. Considering the probabilistic actuator faults, the reliable controller is designed based on sampled-data, then a new distribution-based fault model is constructed by using coordinate transform. Some H-infinity bipartite consensus criteria can be derived by the Lyapunov stability theory and algebraic graph theory, at the same time, the feedback matrices and event-triggered matrices can be obtained by solving some linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example is employed to show the validity and advantage of the proposed transmission scheme.</p></abstract>

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Hu, Songlin, Dong Yue, Min Shi, and Xiangpeng Xie. "Discrete-Time Event-Triggered Control of Nonlinear Wireless Networked Control Systems." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/860438.

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This paper investigates the problem of stabilization of nonlinear discrete-time networked control systems (NCSs) with event-triggering communication scheme in the presence of signal transmission delay. A Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model and parallel-distributed compensation (PDC) scheme are first employed to design a nonlinear fuzzy event-triggered controller for the stabilization of nonlinear discrete-time NCSs. The idea of the event-triggering communication scheme (i.e., a soft computation algorithm) under consideration is that the current sensor data is transmitted only when the current sensor data and the previously transmitted one satisfy a certain state-dependent trigger condition. By taking the signal transmission delay into consideration and using delay system approach, a T-S fuzzy delay system model is established to describe the nonlinear discrete-time NCSs with event-triggering communication scheme. Attention is focused on the design of fuzzy event-triggered controller which ensures asymptotic stability of the closed-loop fuzzy systems. Linear matrix inequality- (LMI-) based conditions are formulated for the existence of admissible fuzzy event-triggered controller. If these conditions are feasible, a desired fuzzy event-triggered controller can be readily constructed. A nonlinear mass-spring-damper mechanical system is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Xiaoyan, Sun, Gao Yi, and Liu Quansheng. "Event-triggered communication scheme for stochastic systems in wireless sensor networks." Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology 14 (January 2020): 174830262090754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748302620907542.

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Zhou, Xiaoyu, Xia Liu, and Lu Wang. "Event-Triggered Fault-Tolerant Control for Nonlinear Networked Control Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (August 25, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5482290.

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This paper addresses the communication congestion and actuator fault in a nonlinear networked control system. A weighted average event-triggered mechanism adopted the weighted average of data packets is proposed to alleviate the communication congestion and save the network communication resources. Meanwhile, based on the system state estimation and fault estimation obtained by a state-fault observer, a fault-tolerant controller is designed to compensate and reduce the influence of fault and nonlinear factors in the networked control systems. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by the Lyapunov–Kroasovskii theory, and the gains of the observer and controller are obtained by linear matrix inequalities. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is verified by the networked motor control system. The proposed weighted average event-triggered fault-tolerant control scheme can reduce the data transmission without affecting system performance. Meanwhile, it not only has fault-tolerant control performance but also reduces the influence of nonlinear factors on the system output.

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Pan, Ligang, Qiang Lu, Ke Yin, and Botao Zhang. "Signal Source Localization of Multiple Robots Using an Event-Triggered Communication Scheme." Applied Sciences 8, no. 6 (June 14, 2018): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8060977.

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Ding, Lei, Le Yi Wang, George Yin Yin, Wei Xing Zheng, and Qing-Long Han. "Distributed Energy Management for Smart Grids With an Event-Triggered Communication Scheme." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 27, no. 5 (September 2019): 1950–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2018.2842208.

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Tan, Yushun, Dongsheng Du, and Qiong Qi. "State estimation for Markovian jump systems with an event-triggered communication scheme." Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 36, no. 1 (March 5, 2016): 2–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00034-016-0288-5.

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Lu, Qing, Peng Shi, Jianxing Liu, and Ligang Wu. "Model predictive control under event-triggered communication scheme for nonlinear networked systems." Journal of the Franklin Institute 356, no. 5 (March 2019): 2625–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2019.01.031.

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Sariff, Nohaidda, and Zool Hilmi Ismail. "Broadcast Event-Triggered Control Scheme for Multi-Agent Rendezvous Problem in a Mixed Communication Environment." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 3785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093785.

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This paper addresses the communication issue encountered by a hybrid controller when finding consensus in terms of the rendezvous target point in a broadcast and communication environment. This issue may result in a high level of computation and the utilization of agent resources when a continuous communication is required by agents to meet convergence requirements. Thus, an event-triggered system was integrated into the design of a broadcast and distributed consensus linear controller using the simultaneous perturbation stochastic algorithm (SPSA). The agent’s movement towards the rendezvous point is based on the broadcast value, whereas the next agent’s state position depends on the distributed local controller output. The communication error obtained during communication between the agent and neighbors is only added to the gradient approximation error of the SPSA if the event-triggered function is violated. As a result, in our model, the number of channel utilizations was lower and the agents’ performances were preserved. The efficiencies and effectiveness of the proposed controller have been compared with the traditional sampling broadcast time-triggered (BTT) approach. The time and iterations required by the broadcast event-triggered (BET) system were less than 40.42% and 21% on average as compared to BTT. The trajectory was not the same—the BET showed scattered movements at the initial stage, whereas BTT showed a linear movement. In terms of the number of channels, 28.91% of channels were preserved during the few hundred iterations. Consequently, a variety of hybrid controllers with event-triggered mechanisms can be proposed for other multi-agent motion coordination tasks.

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Huang, Boyang, Yong Xiao, Xin Jin, Junhao Feng, Xin Li, and Li Ding. "A Novel Dynamic Event-Triggered Mechanism for Distributed Secondary Control in Islanded AC Microgrids." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 6883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196883.

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In this paper, the frequency/voltage restoration and active power sharing problems of islanded AC microgrids are studied. A novel distributed dynamic event-triggered secondary control scheme is proposed to reduce the communication burden. The continuous monitoring of event-triggered conditions and Zeno behavior can be fundamentally avoided by periodically evaluating event-triggered conditions. In addition, by introducing an adaptive coefficient related to the system deviations, the control performance can be improved. Sufficient conditions to ensure the stability of the system are provided through a Lyapunov function. Lastly, the effectiveness of our proposed secondary control scheme is verified in a MATLAB/SimPowerSystems environment.

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Li, Guiling, and Chen Peng. "Event-triggered-based adaptive sliding mode control for networked linear control systems." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 44, no. 10 (January 16, 2022): 2024–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01423312211068935.

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This paper investigates the robust stabilization of the adaptive sliding mode control for a class of linear systems subjected to external disturbance via event-triggered communication (ETC) scheme. First, in order to reduce the bandwidth utilization, a discrete ETC scheme is proposed and the networked sliding mode function is derived using the ETC scheme. Based on the derived sliding mode function, a reduced-order networked sliding mode dynamics with communication delay is established. Second, by constructing a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF), asymptotic stability and stabilization criteria of the reduced-order sliding mode dynamics are given in the form of linear matrix inequalities. According to the stabilization result, a novel event-triggered-based adaptive sliding mode controller is designed while guaranteeing the reachability of the sliding surface. Finally, simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and merit of the developed method.

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Pan, Suying, Zhiyong Ye, Zhonghua Miao, and Jin Zhou. "Event-triggered stochastic consensus for networked Lagrangian systems with semi-Markov switching topologies and communication delays." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 43, no. 12 (April 20, 2021): 2702–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01423312211004033.

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In this paper, the event-triggered stochastic consensus for networked Lagrangian systems with semi-Markov switching topologies and communication delays is considered. An event-triggered sampling control strategy is used to design the distributed stochastic consensus scheme of networked Lagrangian systems for two cases with leader and leaderless. Two delay-dependent consensus criteria are derived in the sense of mean square by use of a suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and the stochastic delayed Halanay inequality, respectively. A key feature of the developed event-triggered consensus algorithm is to introduce a suitable adjustment parameter on consensus control gains characterizing the effect of both semi-Markov switching topology and communication delay. Finally, a numerical example of four manipulators with two links is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed event-triggered methodology.

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Li, Yajie, and Wei Li. "Discrete Event-Triggered Robust Fault-Tolerant Control for Nonlinear Networked Control Systems withα-Safety Degree and Actuator Saturation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/590598.

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This paper deals with the discrete event-triggered robust fault-tolerant control problem for uncertain nonlinear networked control systems (NNCSs) withα-safety degree. A discrete event-triggered communication scheme (DETCS) is initially proposed, and a closed-loop fault model is subsequently established for NNCSs with actuator saturation under the DETCS. Based on an appropriately constructed delay-dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii function, sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the asymptotic stability of NNCSs under two different event-triggered conditions and are established as the contractively invariant sets of fault tolerance withα-safety degree. Furthermore, codesign methods between the robust fault-tolerant controller and event-triggered weight matrix are also proposed in terms of linear matrix inequality. The simulation shows that the resultant closed-loop fault NNCSs possesses a high safety margin, and an improved dynamic performance, as well as a reduced communication load. A comparative analysis of the two event-triggered conditions is discussed in the experiment section.

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Zhang, Qingcao, Xiuxia Yin, and Songlin Hu. "A dual-channel switching mechanism for uncertain NCSs against DoS attacks." IMA Journal of Mathematical Control and Information 39, no. 1 (February 3, 2022): 345–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamci/dnab048.

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Abstract In this paper, the stabilization mechanism, dual-channel switching mechanism, is investigated for a class of discrete-time networked control systems with parameter uncertainties and cyber attacks. A novel dual-channel switching mechanism is proposed against the denial-of-service attacks and achieve system asymptotic stability. The event-triggered scheme is considered to control unnecessary data communications. Based on this, a memory-based event-triggered scheme is put forward to overcome the drawback of event-triggered scheme so that the system dynamic performance is greatly improved and the network resources are saved also. Using the Lyapunov theory and linear matrix inequality, two sufficient conditions of memoryless and memory-based closed-loop systems are, respectively, derived to guarantee the desired stability. Furthermore, the controller gain(s) and event-triggered matrix are co-designed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the pendulum system and the satellite control system.

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Li, Tianrui, Weiqun Wang, and Weimin Chen. "Reliable extended dissipative control for switched systems based on event‐triggered communication scheme." Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 45, no. 5 (November 4, 2021): 2893–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.7961.

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Pan, Li‐Gang, and Qiang Lu. "Electromagnetic signal source seeking of multiple robots using an event‐triggered communication scheme." Electronics Letters 54, no. 23 (November 2018): 1353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2018.5238.

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Zhang, Jin, and Chen Peng. "Synchronization of master–slave neural networks with a decentralized event triggered communication scheme." Neurocomputing 173 (January 2016): 1824–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2015.09.058.

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Wang, Siyao, Xiaoming Tang, Li Deng, Hongchun Qu, Linfeng Tian, and Cheng Tan. "Predictive Control for Interval Type-2 Fuzzy System with Event-Triggered Scheme." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2019 (July 8, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9365767.

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In this paper, a synthesis approach of model predictive control (MPC) is proposed for interval type-2 (IT2) Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy system with quantization error, bounded disturbance, and data loss. The novelty lies in the following technical improvements. In order to reduce the redundant data transmission, an event-triggered communication scheme is applied to determine whether the control law should be transmitted into the communication network or not. The IT2 T-S fuzzy model is utilized to address the nonlinearity of plant with parameter uncertainties, which can be captured by the lower and upper membership functions. Furthermore, the phenomena of data loss and quantization error between the controller and the actuator are expressed as Markovian chain and sector-bound uncertainties. The synthesis approach of MPC is provided by solving an MPC optimization problem over an infinite horizon objective function which explicitly considers the input constraints. By applying the quadratic boundedness (QB) technique, the recursive feasibility and quadratic stability of closed-loop system can be guaranteed. A numerical simulation and comparison studies are proposed to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.

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Zhang, An, Pan Yang, and Ding Zhou. "Event-triggered finite-time consensus control under uncertain disturbances with fully continuous communication and chattering free." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 42, no. 2 (August 9, 2019): 228–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219866517.

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This paper focuses on event-triggered finite-time consensus problem of second-order multi-agent system, which is subjected to external bounded disturbance. First, a novel finite-time consensus control algorithm based on the event-triggering control scheme is proposed. The proposed algorithm contains a saturation function that is disturbance rejection and aims at eliminating the chattering problem caused by the discontinuity of the control algorithm in some existing work. Further, the utilization of saturation function reduces damages to the actuators and decreases energy consumptions in practical applications. Second, an event-triggering function is developed to generate the control event sequences, which is fully continuous communication free and avoids continuous update of the controller by contrast with real-time control method and continuous communication event-triggered control scheme. Third, finite-time bounded consensus can be reached with the scale of the convergence region adjusted by appropriate parameter selecting. A rigorous proof based on Lyapunov stability analysis is given to verify that the event-triggered control algorithm, under the derived conditions, solves the second-order finite-time consensus with chattering free and being robust to external disturbances as well as excluding the Zeno behavior. Finally, two simulation examples are performed to validate the effectiveness of the results.

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Sun, Biao, Zhou Gu, and Tianyi Xiong. "Event-Triggered Formation Tracking Control for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Subjected to Deception Attacks." Electronics 10, no. 22 (November 10, 2021): 2736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222736.

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This study investigates the time-varying formation tracking (TVFT) control problem for multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (multi-UAV) systems under deception attacks by utilizing an event-triggered mechanism (ETM). First, for the sake of alleviating the communication burden, an effective ETM is designed in this paper. Second, to deal with deception attacks in the communication network, a random deception attack model under the designed ETM is constructed. Finally, a novel formation tracking control scheme for multi-UAV systems under deception attack combining the ETM is proposed to achieve the expected TVFT. The stability analysis of the formation control system is given by using the Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed formation control scheme.

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Quansheng, Liu, Xu Min, and Peng Li. "Distributed event-triggered scheme for discrete-time second-order multi-agent systems." Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology 11, no. 1 (September 19, 2016): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748301816665533.

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In order to achieve the consistency of multi-agent systems, each agent needs to communicate with its adjacent agents, which will consume energy of sensors embedded on the agents and occupy network bandwidth of multi-agent systems. Both resources are limited. To solve the above problem, a novel distributed event-triggered scheme of discrete-time second-order multi-agent systems are proposed in this article. The characteristics of the scheme have two aspects. Firstly, the event-triggered conditions are considered for the state and the velocity separately. Secondly, when the event is triggered on an agent, the agent only communicates with its local neighbors. Then, the agent and its local neighbors update their controls while the other agents' controllers remain unchanged. So the scheme can maximize reduction of the sensor energy consuming and communication burden in the multi-agent network. Based on the Lyapunov functional method, a sufficient condition is obtained to achieve the stability of the second-order multi-agent systems in terms of linear matrix inequality. Finally, numerical examples are presented to validate the proposed event-triggered consensus control.

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Song, Doohwan, Ikjun Yeom, and Honguk Woo. "Event-Triggered Ephemeral Group Communication and Coordination over Sound for Smart Consumer Devices." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 20, 2019): 1883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081883.

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Voice-based interfaces have become one of the most popular device capabilities, recently being regarded as one flagship user experience of smart consumer devices. However, the lack of common coordination mechanisms might often degrade the user experience, especially when interacting with multiple voice-enabled devices located closely. For example, a hotword or wake-up utterance such as “hi Bixby” or “ok Google” frequently triggers redundant responses by several nearby smartphones. Motivated by the problem of uncoordinated react of voice-enabled devices especially in a multiple device environment, in this paper, we discuss the notion of an ephemeral group of consumer devices in which the member devices and the transient lifetime are implicitly determined by an external event (e.g., hotword detection) without any provisioned group structure, and specifically we concentrate on the time-constrained leader election process in such an ephemeral group. To do so: (i) We first present the sound-based multiple device communication framework, namely tailtag, that leverages the isomorphic capability of consumer devices for the tasks of processing hotword events and transmitting data over sound, and thus renders both the tasks confined to the same room area and enables the spontaneous leader election process in a unstructured group upon a hotword event. (ii) To improve the success rate of the leader election with a given time constraint, we then develop the adaptive messaging scheme especially tailored for sound-based data communication that inherently has low data rate. Our adaptive scheme utilizes an application-specific score that is individually calculated by a member device for each event detection, and employs score-based scheduling by which messages of a high score are scheduled first and so unnecessary message transmission can be suppressed during the election process. (iii) Through experiments, we also demonstrate that, when a hotword is detected by multiple smartphones in a room, the framework with the adaptive messaging scheme enables them to successfully achieve a coordinated response under the given latency bound, yielding an insignificant non-consensus probability, no more than 2%.

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Shangguan, Xing-Chen, Yong He, Chuan-Ke Zhang, Lin Jiang, and Min Wu. "Load frequency control of time-delayed power system based on event-triggered communication scheme." Applied Energy 308 (February 2022): 118294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118294.

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Li, Lulu, Shengyuan Xu, and Daniel W. C. Ho. "A distributed event-triggered scheme for discrete-time multi-agent consensus with communication delays." IET Control Theory & Applications 8, no. 10 (July 3, 2014): 830–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2013.0761.

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Hymavathi, M., M. Syed Ali, Tarek F. Ibrahim, B. A. Younis, Khalid I. Osman, and Kanit Mukdasai. "Synchronization of Fractional-Order Uncertain Delayed Neural Networks with an Event-Triggered Communication Scheme." Fractal and Fractional 6, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract6110641.

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In this paper, the synchronization of fractional-order uncertain delayed neural networks with an event-triggered communication scheme is investigated. By establishing a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) and inequality techniques, sufficient conditions are obtained under which the delayed neural networks are stable. The criteria are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on the drive–response concept, the LMI approach, and the Lyapunov stability theorem, a controller is derived to achieve the synchronization. Finally, numerical examples are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the main results.

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Li, Hongjie. "Event-triggered bipartite consensus of multi-agent systems in signed networks." AIMS Mathematics 7, no. 4 (2022): 5499–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2022305.

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<abstract><p>This paper focuses on the event-triggered bipartite consensus of multi-agent systems in signed networks, where the dynamics of each agent is assumed to be Lur'e system, and both the cooperative interaction and antagonistic interaction are allowed among neighbor agents. A novel event-triggered communication scheme is presented to save limited network resources, and distributed bipartite control techniques are raised to address the bipartite leaderless consensus and bipartite leader-following consensus respectively. By virtue of the Lyapunov stability theory and algebraic graph theory, bipartite consensus conditions are derived, which can be easily solved by MATLAB. In addition, the upper bounds of the sampling period and triggered parameter can be estimated. Finally, two examples are employed to show the validity and advantage of the proposed transmission scheme.</p></abstract>

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Zhao, Yuyang, Xiaolin Dai, Dawei Gong, Xinzhi Lv, and Yang Liu. "Event-Triggered Adaptive Dynamic Programming Consensus Tracking Control for Discrete-Time Multiagent Systems." Complexity 2022 (March 1, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6028054.

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This paper proposes a novel adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) approach to address the optimal consensus control problem for discrete-time multiagent systems (MASs). Compared with the traditional optimal control algorithms for MASs, the proposed algorithm is designed on the basis of the event-triggered scheme which can save the communication and computation resources. First, the consensus tracking problem is transferred into the input-state stable (ISS) problem. Based on this, the event-triggered condition for each agent is designed and the event-triggered ADP is presented. Second, neural networks are introduced to simplify the application of the proposed algorithm. Third, the stability analysis of the MASs under the event-triggered conditions is provided and the estimate errors of the neural networks’ weights are also proved to be ultimately uniformly bounded. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the event-triggered ADP consensus control method.

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Li, Zengwei, Lin Zhu, Zhenling Wang, and Weiwei Che. "Data-Driven Event-Triggered Platoon Control under Denial-of-Service Attacks." Mathematics 10, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 3985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10213985.

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This paper proposes an event-triggered model-free adaptive platoon control (MFAPC) solution for non-linear vehicle systems under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. First, the non-linear vehicle system is transformed into an equivalent linear data model using the dynamic linearization technique. Second, to save limited communication resources and reduce the influence of cyber attacks, a novel event-triggered mechanism and attack compensation method are designed. Then, based on the equivalent linear data model, a new resilient event-triggered MFAPC algorithm is developed to achieve the vehicle platoon control objective under DoS attacks. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified using an example.

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Lu, Zhongda, Guangtao Ran, Guoliang Zhang, and Fengxia Xu. "Event-Based Nonfragile H∞ Filter Design for Networked Control Systems with Interval Time-Varying Delay." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2018 (June 12, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4541586.

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This paper first investigates the event-triggered nonfragile H∞ filter design for a class of nonlinear NCSs with interval time-varying delay. An event-triggered scheme is addressed to determine sampled data to be transmitted so that network communication resource can be saved significantly. The nonfragile filter design is assumed to include multiplicative gain variations according to the filter’s implement. Under the event-triggered scheme, the filtering error system is modeled as a system with interval time-varying delay. By constructing a new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and employing Wirtinger inequality, a sufficient condition is derived, which guarantees that the filtering error system is asymptotically stable with the prescribed H∞ performance. The nonfragile filter parameters are obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. Two numerical examples are given to show the usefulness and the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Tran, Tri Duc, Trong Trung Nguyen, Van Tu Duong, Huy Hung Nguyen, and Tan Tien Nguyen. "Parameter-Adaptive Event-Triggered Sliding Mode Control for a Mobile Robot." Robotics 11, no. 4 (August 2, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics11040078.

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Mobile robots have played a vital role in the transportation industries, service robotics, and autonomous vehicles over the past decades. The development of robust tracking controllers has made mobile robots a powerful tool that can replace humans in industrial work. However, most of the traditional controller updates are time-based and triggered at every predetermined time interval, which requires high communication bandwidth. Therefore, an event-triggered control scheme is essential to release the redundant data transmission. This paper presents a novel parameter-adaptive event-trigger sliding mode to control a two-wheeled mobile robot. The adaptive control scheme ensures that the mobile robot system can be controlled accurately without the knowledge of physical parameters. Meanwhile, the event trigger sliding approach guarantees the system robustness and reduces resource usage. A simulation in MATLAB and an experiment are carried out to validate the efficiency of the proposed controller.

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Wang, Jiacheng, and Jinkun Liu. "Event-triggered boundary quantization control for flexible manipulator based on partial differential equations dynamic model." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 43, no. 9 (February 22, 2021): 2111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331221990522.

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In this paper, we consider boundary control for a single-link flexible manipulator system described by partial differential equations (PDEs). Existing researches on controller design rarely consider the problem of communication capacity constrains during signal transmission. To deal with this problem, an adaptive control is designed to achieve the input quantization by using the random quantizer. Besides, a triggering event is addressed on the basis of relative threshold strategy for relieving communication load between controller and actuator. The proposed scheme is able to ensure that all closed-loop signals are globally uniformly bounded, and the angular tracking error and vibration converge to a residual set. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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Yan, Shen, Sing Kiong Nguang, and Liruo Zhang. "Nonfragile Integral-Based Event-Triggered Control of Uncertain Cyber-Physical Systems under Cyber‐Attacks." Complexity 2019 (November 3, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8194606.

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This article studies the problem of nonfragile integral-based event-triggered control for uncertain cyber-physical systems under cyber-attacks. An integral-based event-triggered scheme is proposed to reduce the data transmissions and save the limited network resources. The triggering condition is related to the mean of system state over a finite time interval instead of instant system state. Random cyber-attacks in a communication channel are taken into account and described by a stochastic variable subject to Bernoulli distribution. A novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional based on Legendre polynomials is constructed, and the Bessel–Legendre inequality technique is employed to handle the integral term induced by the integral-based event-triggered scheme. Resorting to these treatments, sufficient conditions are established via a set of linear matrix inequalities to guarantee the asymptotic mean-square stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, a numerical example shows that the presented method is effective.

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Lu, Pukun, Meng Liu, Xiuyu Zhang, Guoqiang Zhu, Zhi Li, and Chun-Yi Su. "Neural Network Based Adaptive Event-Triggered Control for Quadrotor Unmanned Aircraft Robotics." Machines 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10080617.

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With the aim of addressing the problem of the trajectory tracking control of quadrotor unmanned aircraft robots (UARs), in this study, we developed a neural network and event-triggering mechanism-based adaptive control scheme for a quadrotor UAR control system. The main technologies included this scheme are as follows. (1) Under the condition that only the quadrotor’s position information can be obtained, a modified high-gain state observer-based adaptive dynamic surface control (DSC) method was applied and the tracking control of quadrotor UARs was acquired. (2) An event-triggered mechanism for UARs was designed, in which the energy consumption was greatly reduced and the communication efficiency between the system and the control terminal was improved. (3) By selecting appropriate parameters, appropriate initial conditions for the adaptive laws, and establishing a high-gain state observer, a tracking performance of L∞ could be achieved. Finally, simulation results of the hardware-in-loop strategy are presented. The control method we propose here outperformed the traditional backstepping sliding mode control (BSMC) scheme.

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Zhang, Liruo, Sing Kiong Nguang, Deqiang Ouyang, and Shen Yan. "Synchronization of Delayed Neural Networks via Integral-Based Event-Triggered Scheme." IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 31, no. 12 (December 2020): 5092–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2019.2963146.

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Li, Jingyu, Liang Shen, Fengqi Yao, Huanyu Zhao, and Jing Wang. "An event-triggered approach to finite-time observer-based control for Markov jump systems with repeated scalar nonlinearities." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 9 (September 11, 2017): 2789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331217720975.

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This paper studies the issue of finite-time observer-based control via an event-triggered scheme for Markov jump repeated scalar nonlinear systems. An observer-based controller via an event-triggered scheme is proposed, which can save the limited network communication bandwidth effectively, so that the resulting error system is stochastically finite-time bounded. Based on the positive definite diagonally dominant matrix and the Lyapunov function technique, a sufficient condition is presented for the solvability of the addressed problem, and the desired observer-based controller can be constructed via a convex optimization problem. In the end, a simulation example is employed to show the validity and practicability of the proposed design method.

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Zhang, Jin, Chen Peng, Dajun Du, and Min Zheng. "Adaptive event-triggered communication scheme for networked control systems with randomly occurring nonlinearities and uncertainties." Neurocomputing 174 (January 2016): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2015.04.107.

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Ai, Wu, Weisheng Chen, and Jin Xie. "Distributed learning for feedforward neural networks with random weights using an event-triggered communication scheme." Neurocomputing 224 (February 2017): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2016.10.059.

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Xiong, Menghui, Guiyin Ju, and Yushun Tan. "Robust State Estimation for Fractional-Order Nonlinear Uncertain Systems via Adaptive Event-Triggered Communication Scheme." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 115002–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2935507.

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Gu, Zhou, Dong Yue, and Engang Tian. "On designing of an adaptive event-triggered communication scheme for nonlinear networked interconnected control systems." Information Sciences 422 (January 2018): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2017.09.005.

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Wang, Kunyu, Engang Tian, Jinliang Liu, Linnan Wei, and Dong Yue. "Resilient control of networked control systems under deception attacks: A memory‐event‐triggered communication scheme." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 30, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 1534–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4837.

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Gu, Zhou, Dong Yue, Jinliang Liu, and Zhentao Ding. "H ∞ tracking control of nonlinear networked systems with a novel adaptive event-triggered communication scheme." Journal of the Franklin Institute 354, no. 8 (May 2017): 3540–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2017.02.020.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Event-triggered communication schemes'

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