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Academic literature on the topic 'Éventualités (Finances) – Prise de décision'
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Journal articles on the topic "Éventualités (Finances) – Prise de décision"
Diarra, NH, A. Ag iknane, and S. Diop. "Capacité de prise de décision des femmes en matière de santé de la reproduction, et la capacité d'autonomisation par l'augmentation des revenus à travers des activités de maraichage dans le cercle de Kangaba au Mali." Mali Santé Publique, June 30, 2019, 07–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53318/msp.v9i01.1471.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Éventualités (Finances) – Prise de décision"
Bélanger, Stéphanie. "Choix en situation d'incertitude : distinction entre les méthodes de calculs utilisées par les individus lors d'ajout d'effet de corrélation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27268.
Full textMayer, Maryse. "L'élaboration des planifications fiscales : une perspective relationnelle : des représentations médiatiques aux interactions du fiscaliste sur le terrain." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68408.
Full textSossou, Kouamé Marius. "Essays on uncertainty, beliefs updating and portfolio choice." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35200.
Full textCette Thèse, structurée en trois essais, étudie de façon expérimentale l’effet de l’incertitude sur la prise de décision avec des applications aux choix de portefeuille. Le premier essai étudie les règles que les agents économiques utilisent pour, d’une part, rapporter des distributions de probabilités sur des événements futurs en présence de l’incertitude et d’autre part, mettre à jour cette incertitude lorsque de nouvelles informations sont disponibles. Plusieurs règles de rapport de distribution de probabilité et de mise à jour de l’incertitude sont présentées et notre analyse empirique se focalise sur la caractérisation de l’hétérogénéité de ces règles dans la population considérée. Les résultats révèlent que deux règles sont principalement utilisées pour rapporter des distributions de probabilités: 65% des individus rapportent des distributions en pondérant correctement les distributions possibles par leur incertitude exprimée, alors que 22% rapportent des distributions proches de la distribution qu’ils perçoivent comme la plus probable. Par contre, nous observons une hétérogénéité considérable dans la façon dont les individus mettent à jour leur incertitude. En général, les individus ont tendance à attribuer un poids relativement faible aux nouvelles informations, entrainant une persistance de l’incertitude pour un nombre important d’individus. Des analyses contrefactuelles suggèrent que cette persistance pourrait être présente dans des contextes non couverts par notre étude. Le deuxième essai étudie la fréquence optimale d’évaluation de portefeuille en présence d’incertitude. Cet essai met en évidence que l’ambiguïté et l’aversion à la perte ont des effets opposés sur les marchés financiers et peuvent coexister en présence d’incertitude. Nous présentons un design expérimental dans lequel les investisseurs font des choix répétés de portefeuille en faisant initialement face à l’incertitude concernant la distribution des rendements de l’un des actifs disponibles. Nous exploitons des variations exogènes de la fréquence d’évaluation ainsi que les variations temporelles des anticipations probabilistes par rapport aux distributions possibles de rendements pour identifier conjointement les préférences des investisseurs envers l’ambiguïté, la perte et le risque, ainsi que les règles qu’ils utilisent pour mettre à jour leur incertitude. Les résultats obtenus de l’estimation d’un modèle économétrique structurel suggèrent sept différentes catégories d’investisseurs. En général, nous observons que les investisseurs sont averses à l’ambiguïté, averses à la perte, averses au risque dans le domaine des gains, mais ils aiment prendre du risque dans le domaine des pertes. Nous concluons notre analyse en utilisant nos estimations pour prédire la distribution des périodes d’évaluation optimales dans notre échantillon. Nos résultats suggèrent qu’environ 70% des investisseurs préfèrent une fréquence d’évaluation plus élevée, reflétant l’effet dominant de l’ambiguïté sur l’aversion à la perte. Le troisième et dernier essai examine si les préférences temporelles expliquent les décisions financières prises par les personnes âgées. Nous développons dans un premier temps un modèle structurel de prise de décision inter-temporelle en tenant compte de l’incertitude de fin de vie à laquelle font face ces personnes. Ensuite, nous estimons les préférences temporelles en utilisant les données expérimentales de choix inter-temporelles auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de séniors américains. Enfin, nous examinons comment les paramètres estimés sont liés à la composition réelle de portefeuille de ces aînés. Nos résultats indiquent que les préférences temporelles des personnes âgées sont très hétérogènes et que seule une petite partie de cette hétérogénéité peut être expliquée par les caractéristiques sociodémographiques standard telles que l’âge, le sexe, l’éducation, l’état matrimonial, le revenu, la richesse, etc. Nous observons que les personnes âgées qui ont un facteur d’escompte plus élevé sont plus susceptibles de posséder des comptes de retraite et des actifs risqués. De même, ces personnes réduisent la part de leur richesse allouée aux actifs sûrs et augmentent celle allouée aux actifs risqués. Ces résultats suggèrent que les préférences temporelles affectent les choix d’investissement des actifs sûrs vers d’autres actifs financiers.
This Thesis, consisting of three chapters, studies the effects of uncertainty on decision-making with portfolio choice applications. Chapter 1 studies how experimental subjects report subjective probability distributions in the presence of ambiguity characterized by uncertainty over a fixed set of possible probability distributions generating future outcomes. The level of distribution uncertainty varies according to the observed outcomes and the rules used by the subjects to update the distribution uncertainty. This chapter introduces several reporting and updating rules and our empirical analysis focuses on estimating the sample distribution of these rules. Two dominant reporting rules emerge from our analysis: we find that 65% of subjects report distributions by properly weighting the possible distributions using their expressed uncertainty, while 22% of subjects report distributions close to the distribution they perceive as most likely. Further, we find significant heterogeneity in how subjects update their expressed uncertainty. On average, subjects tend to overweight the importance of their prior uncertainty relative to new information, leading to ambiguity that is substantially more persistent than would be predicted using Bayes’ rule. Counterfactual simulations suggest that this persistence will likely hold in settings not covered by our experiment. Uncertainty in financial markets is a natural consequence of investors being unaware of objective probabilities of asset returns. Chapter 2 highlights that ambiguity and loss aversion have opposite effects on financial markets and can coexist in the presence of uncertainty. This chapter addresses the normative question of the optimal portfolio evaluation frequency for an investor in order to minimize the effect of myopia, but to learn about the investment opportunities in the market. Towards this end, we present a new experimental design in which investors are asked to make repeated portfolio choices facing initial ambiguity concerning the distribution of returns of one of the available assets. We exploit exogenous variations in evaluation frequency along with time variation of probabilistic beliefs over the possible return distributions to jointly identify ambiguity, loss, and risk aversion along with rules investors use to update their ambiguity. Estimates from a structural model suggest seven different classes of investors. Investor class membership depends on loss aversion, ambiguity aversion as well as risk aversion preferences. Further, we find that at the aggregated level, investors are loss averse, ambiguity averse and they display risk aversion over gains and risk seeking over losses. We conclude our analysis by using our model estimates to predict the distribution of optimal evaluation periods for our sample. Our predictions suggest that approximatively 70% of investors prefer the highest possible evaluation period frequency. Finally, Chapter 3 investigates whether or not the discount factor of the elderly affects their portfolio choices. We estimate time preferences using inter-temporal choice data from a hypothetical experiment in a representative sample of American elders and a structural model of decision-making accounting for lifetime uncertainty. Our results indicate considerable heterogeneity in the elderly population. Moreover, we find that older people who display a higher discount factor are more likely to own retirement accounts and risky assets. These older people also tend to decrease the share of financial wealth held in safe assets and increase the share of financial wealth held in risky assets. These findings suggest that time preferences affect investment choices from safe assets toward other financial assets, all else being equal.
Tisseyre, Arnaud. "Utilisation des lois stables en finances." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090038.
Full textIvanenko, Yaroslav. "Sur l'usage de la théorie de la décision en finance." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010066.
Full textNdiaye, Babacar. "Innovation et concurrence : la chronologie de l'innovation dans une industrie en duopole." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0024.
Full textThe main purpose of the thesis lies in the analysis of the timing of innovation in a duopoly industry. We consider as a first step the temporal dimension of the process of innovation, together with competitive challenges emerging and possibilities of strategic interactions. The analysis of the issue involves an investigation of the motivations of a firm to adopt the position of an innovator (first mover) or an imitator (follower). We elaborate on existing modelisations to determine the strategy (innovation or imitation) offering the best competitive advantage in terms of the timing of innovation. As a second step, we provide a deeper analysis of the effects of uncertainty on R&D investment, as well as the role of competition on firms’ strategies. We characterize the rationality of firms, and the consequences on the process of cross-expectations that may occur. This involves a better understanding of the motivations of firms in developing an innovation that can be replicated by a follower firm without cost. To achieve the objective, we elaborate on models where Nash equilibrium and evolutionary stable equilibrium can be determined. We further analyze the relation between the two types of equilibria. The outcome of our work lies in the determination of the optimum position of the firm in the timing of innovation, i. E. Being innovator or imitator, within different, yet omplementary, frameworks: decision theory, real option theory, traditional game theory and evolutionary game theory. Since, depending on the framework of analysis, the optimum position of the firm (innovation versus imitation) will not be the same, our task will also be to interpret these divergences
Diago, Ndeye Arame. "Mécanismes de négociation multilatérale pour la prise de décision collective." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1174/document.
Full textCollective decision making is a process in which many participants with different interests interact in order to build a solution to their problem. It is inherent to many organisations and companies. Nowadays, the advances in Artificial Intelligence, notably, Multi-Agents Systems enabled the automation of decision-making processes in order to analyse and to better understand how these mechanisms work. A collective decision may be made by using a voting system or by using negotiation. In this thesis, we focus on multilateral negotiation for collective decision making by proposing negotiation models. The proposed models based on heuristic approach. The agents interact with them in order to build a solution to their problem. This context is different from models based on game theory where the set of possible solutions are supposed to be known by all agents. So heuristic negotiation issue is that agents' reasoning may be very complex. This complexity grows where the number of agents and issues to be negotiated are important. The goal of this research work consists of devising negotiation mechanisms where agents'interaction are fully decentralized. We focus on organisation aspect of the multi-agent system by using divide and conquer approach in order to reduce the negotiation complexity and hence to facilitate research of agreements. Our works tackle negotiation under different contexts which lead us to bring three contributions which focus on agents' organization, interaction protocols, negotiation object, concession strategies and effective and fair solution concept. The proposed mechanisms are implemented in JavaJade. We analyse the convergence of the negotiation, negotiation time and quality of the solution. Our models are compared with a centralized approach where all of the agents are gathered around one group to negotiate. Our empirical analyses show that our propositions allow the agents to reach collectives agreements
Naboulet, Antoine. "La décision d'investir et ses déterminants : une analyse des perspectives d'investissement des entreprises dans les enquêtes de conjoncture de l'INSEE." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100075.
Full textThis dissertation raises two questions about firms' real investment: how do economists analyse this kind of decision? What are the determinants of investment spending? Our main contribution is a panel data estimation based on the INSEE business survey. We estimate the relationship between opinions about the effect of different determinants (demand, etc. ) and planned investment spending, detailed by their economic purposes (replacement, etc. ). Determinants are then evaluated- in terms of "coherence" between these opinions. This empirical work, only based on internal perceptions, is incorporated with a more general discussion about economic models of investment decision. We insist on the distinction between the standard approach of optimal capital accumulation and alternative approaches - such as Keynes and Shackle's theories, and the real options theory -, that stress the specificity of investment decision and highlight the rote of expectations, uncertainty and irreversibility
Naudan, Bénédicte. "La prise de décision stratégique : l'investissement direct des PME manufacturières québécoises en Chine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25897/25897.pdf.
Full textRobitaille, Luc. "Évaluation d'une demande de financement : étude du processus décisionnel individuel." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10051.
Full textSubjective paradigm has oriented the formulation of the research model which is concerned with the individual decision making process. Smb loan evaluation carries out in a bank constitutes the practical application. It is suggested that decision maker's choice occurs at the beginning of the process and influences it. Heuristics, and judgmental biases which derive from it, used for complex problem solving, explain the proposition. Thus, the obtained smb is subjective and correspond with argumentation elaborated to justifie choice. The latter is compared to the results generated by two algebraic models of choice (linear and compensatory, conjonctive and noncompensatory). Organizational and individual variables (influencing the process) are added to the research model. A "multimethods" approach measures the model elements. Arising from 43 sumulations, the data are collected through observation, interview and questionnaire. The results confirm the choice occurence at the beginning of the process. According to the choice, three heuristics are noticed : the search for objection (negative decision, noncompensatory, quantitative, relevant and short interrogation), the search for justifications (positive decision, compensatory strategy, long, standard and qualitative interrogation), and uncertain process
Books on the topic "Éventualités (Finances) – Prise de décision"
Leroy, Michel. Le tableau de bord au service de l'entreprise. Dubois, 1988.
Altman, Morris. Behavioral economics for dummies. J. Wiley & Sons Canada, 2012.
An economic analysis of democracy. Southern Illinois University Press, 1985.
Fund, International Monetary, ed. Governance of the IMF: Decision making, institutional oversight, transparency, and accountability. International Monetary Fund, 2002.
Josée, St Pierre. Les décisions d'investissement dans les PME: Comment évaluer la rentabilité financière. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2003.
Intelligent systems and financial forecasting. Springer, 1997.
Brigham, Eugene F. Fundamentals of financial management. 6th ed. Dryden Press, 1992.
Brigham, Eugene F. Fundamentals of financial management. South-Western, 2003.
Brigham, Eugene F. Fundamentals of financial management. 5th ed. Dryden Press, 1989.
Brigham, Eugene F. Fundamentals of financial management. 4th ed. Dryden Press, 1986.