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Russo, Michael J. "The effects of emotionally charged evidence on juror verdicts : photographic evidence /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487776801323701.
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Vargas, Erick Rodolfo. "The Anglo American academic attitude towards the field of judicial evidence and its usefulness to rational fact finding in Honduras /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99155.
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I address the problem of the lack of academic attention to evidentiary issues in Honduras in comparison to Common Law Countries. I feel that Honduran law students need to be taught a working scheme to deal with issues of admissibility and weight of evidence in order to achieve the rational determination of facts.<br>Moreover, I draw such a scheme from the conceptual basis for admission of evidence and the probative processes identified by Wigmore. I think that if this scheme were applied to trial records, academicians would identify problems in the admission and weight of evidence and would develop approaches to make reason and justice prevail.<br>The scheme is presented in the form of a chart and because it is adapted to the Honduran context I consider that it will have a positive effect on academic research, theorization and teaching of issues of admission and weight of evidence in Honduras.
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Barber, Peter Jeffrey. "Evidence for Siever's Law in ancient Greek." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670129.
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Thompson, A. Keith. "Religious confession privilege at common law : a historical analysis /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070831.94056.
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Ng, Yu-wai Magnum. "A comparative study of the law and practice on taking of evidence in international arbitration proceedings an eclectic approach of common law and civil law systems /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b22730126a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct. 3, 2008) "City University of Hong Kong, School of Law, LW 6409A Dissertation." Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-65)
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Singh, Nerisha. "Electronic evidence in criminal proceedings." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32978.
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The research question central to the thesis is stated as follows: what are the implications of new technological phenomena in South African law to the existing legal frameworks in relation to (i) investigatory powers of law enforcement and security and intelligence agencies to obtain electronic evidence, and (ii) its subsequent admissibility in criminal proceedings? Written with an emphasis on South African law, but also taking into account aspects of foreign and international law, the thesis seeks to investigate how our existing legal frameworks which regulate the use of and access to electronic evidence in criminal proceedings, including its admissibility, integrate and adapt to challenges raised by new and rapidly changing technological developments. The thesis provides a critical analysis of the existing legal framework regulating certain key investigative powers of law enforcement and security and intelligence agencies in the current modern environment of the information age in which they operate. Key among them is the Regulation of Interception of Communications and Provision of Communication-Related Information Act 70 of 2002. New technology has not only increased opportunities for criminal activity, it has also created opportunities for law enforcement and security and intelligence agencies to have access to more sophisticated and new capabilities. The range of intrusive capabilities now available to law enforcement and security and intelligence agencies triggers a range of issues and challenges for individual rights, including how those capabilities are used in investigation activities, the scale of their use, the extent to which such capabilities intrude on privacy rights, legislative authority for their use and safeguards that constrain and regulate such new technological capabilities. The challenges of regulating investigative powers in an era of new and fastpaced technological developments is explored in relation to (i) interception of communications (ii) acquisition and retention of communications data, and (iii) access to encrypted information. The introduction of electronic evidence in criminal legal proceedings raises unique challenges in the South African law on evidence. The most interesting perhaps is the extent to which the nature of the evidence presented, in this instance electronic evidence, impacts on admissibility in criminal proceedings. Potential anomalies arise as the relevant legislation, the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002, is based on an electronic commerce model law concerned with commercial activities. In this regard, two separate issues are the focus of research interest. The thesis offers a rethinking of (a) admissibility of electronic evidence and (b) its weight. The meaning and application of certain statutory provisions, insofar as it applies to electronic evidence as hearsay or real evidence, or both, are key and controversial issues. Another relates to the business records exceptions, which directly translated for electronic records appears to have created a problematic presumption. On matters of evidential weight, there is no ‘one-size-fits-all' approach that will work. While a robust consideration of authentication is required in the court's assessment of evidential weight of electronic evidence, it should not be subject to inflexible tests that make it difficult for authentic electronic evidence to be admitted into evidence. A central premise of the thesis is that evolving technological phenomena can and do present challenges to existing legal concepts on evidence and the investigatory powers of law enforcement and the security and intelligence agencies to obtain electronic evidence and for its admissibility in criminal proceedings. This is done in the context of understanding whether South African law has developed appropriately in response to advancements in technology. In the final analysis, the thesis considers appropriate and meaningful reform towards a modern and transparent legal framework in South African law.
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Javeid, Umer. "Okun's Law : Empirical Evidence from Pakistan (1981-2005)." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16168.
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The main objective of this research paper is to find the association between unemployment rate and GDP growth which is presented empirically by Arthur Okun’s in early 1960s. For this purpose I have used annual time series data during the period 1981-2005 of Pakistan. I applied difference version of Okun’s law which is more appropriate to access results directly from empirical data. In order to find long run relation between the variables I used Engle-Granger cointegration technique and Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) to find the short term behavior of GDP growth to its long run value. This paper verifies negative relationship between unemployment rate and GDP growth and both variables have long run relation with each other. Moreover GDP growth will adjust more quickly towards equilibrium in the long run.
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Pollard, Dorette. "Fresh evidence in Canadian criminal law: 1910--2010." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28814.
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In the last four decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of fresh evidence cases before Canadian criminal law appellate courts. Yet when it was first introduced at the turn of the last century, this rule of evidence was meant to be an exception to the principle of the finality of judgments, to be used only on those rare occasions when a miscarriage of justice had occurred. It was intended to prevent the innocent from going to jailor worse, from perishing on the gallows. Historically, fresh evidence was used but rarely prior to 1970. However, starting in the mid 1970s these applications have grown significantly, exploding after the early 1980s.
Based on an analysis of an initial database of 2116 fresh evidence matters, the thesis examines the possible reasons for this phenomenon and concludes that there is a direct correlation between the rise in the number of fresh evidence cases after 1970 and the advances in science, including the use of new evidence, such as DNA and expert forensic evidence in criminal law cases. But if the advances in science have made a significant contribution to the growth of fresh evidence applications, it was the advent of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms that brought a sea change to Canadian criminal law fresh evidence jurisprudence. Through a theoretical framework constructed around the search for truth, rights and theories of fairness, the thesis traces the evolution of appellate adjudication in this area of law that from its origins was meant to be used but rarely in the interests of the administration of justice to prevent miscarriages of justice.
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Яницька, Ольга Леонідівна. "Value of the circumstantial evidence in criminal law." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15376.
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Myburgh, Franziska Elizabeth. "Statutory formalities in South African law." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80135.
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Thesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation examines the approach to statutory formalities in South African law. It focuses primarily on formal requirements which result in nullity in the event of non-compliance, and in particular, on those prescribed for alienations of land (section 2(1) of the Alienation of Land Act 68 of 1981) and suretyships (section 6 of the General Law Amendment Act 50 of 1956).
To provide context, the study commences with a general historical overview of the development of formal requirements. It also considers the advantages and disadvantages of formalities. The conclusion is reached that an awareness of both is required if a court is to succeed in dealing with the challenges posed by statutory formalities.
The dissertation then considers more specific aspects of the topic of formal requirements, including the difference between material and non-material terms. It also reveals that the current interpretation of statutory formalities is quite flexible and tends towards a conclusion of validity if reasonably possible. However, cases involving unnamed or undisclosed principals present particular challenges in this context, and the possibility of greater consistency, without the loss of theoretical soundness, is investigated. A discussion of what should be in writing, and with what exactitude, necessarily involves a consideration of the extent to which extrinsic evidence is admissible. The interaction between formal requirements and the parol evidence rule is therefore investigated. Special attention is paid to incorporation by reference. After an examination of the common-law approach to this topic, the conclusion is reached that room exists for developing this area of South African law, especially where a sufficient reference to another document is concerned.
Rectification also enjoys detailed examination, due to the unique approach adopted in South African law. Where formalities are constitutive, a South African court first satisfies itself that a recordal complies with these requirements ex facie the document, before it will consider whether rectification may be appropriate. An analysis of both civilian and common-law judgments suggests that the South African approach is based on a misconception of the purpose of rectification. This leads to the further conclusion that the requirement of ex facie compliance should be abolished as a separate step and that a court should rather consider whether awarding a claim for rectification would defeat the objects of formalities in general.
Finally, the remedies available to a party who performs in terms of an agreement void for formal non-compliance and the effect of full performance in terms of such an agreement, receive attention. An investigation of the remedies available in other legal systems reveals that the South African approach of limiting a party to an enrichment claim is unnecessarily restrictive. It is argued that local courts should reconsider their exclusion of estoppel in this context, particularly in cases where one party’s unconscionable conduct has led the other to rely on the formally defective agreement. In cases of full performance, no remedies are available, but it is argued that a distinction should be drawn between reciprocal and unilateral performances.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif ondersoek die benadering tot statutêre formaliteite in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg. Dit fokus hoofsaaklik op die formele vereistes wat lei tot nietigheid in die geval van nie-nakoming, en in die besonder dié wat voorgeskryf word vir die vervreemding van grond (artikel 2 (1) van die Wet op Vervreemding van Grond 68 van 1981) en borgstellings (artikel 6 van die Algemene Regswysigingswet 50 van 1956).
Ten einde die nodige konteks te verskaf, begin die studie met ‘n algemene historiese oorsig van die ontwikkeling van formaliteite. Dit oorweeg ook die voor- en nadele van formaliteite. Die gevolgtrekking is dat ‘n bewustheid van beide vereis word indien ‘n hof die uitdagings wat deur statutêre formaliteite gestel word, suksesvol wil hanteer.
Die proefskrif oorweeg dan meer spesifieke aspekte van formaliteite, insluitende die verskil tussen wesenlike en nie-wesenlike bedinge. Dit toon ook dat die huidige opvatting van statutêre formaliteite redelik buigsaam is en tot ‘n bevinding van geldigheid lei waar dit redelikerwys moontlik is. Gevalle van onbenoemde of versweë prinsipale bied egter besondere uitdagings in hierdie verband en die moontlikheid word ondersoek om ‘n meer konsekwente, maar tegelyk teoreties-gefundeerde benadering te volg. ‘n Bespreking van wat op skrif moet wees, en met watter mate van sekerheid, behels noodwendig ‘n oorweging van die mate waarin ekstrinsieke getuienis toelaatbaar is. Die interaksie tussen formaliteite en die parol evidence-reël word derhalwe ondersoek. Spesiale aandag word bestee aan inlywing deur verwysing. Na oorweging van die benadering in gemeenregtelike stelsels, word die gevolgtrekking bereik dat ruimte bestaan vir ontwikkeling op hierdie gebied, veral met betrekking tot ‘n voldoende verwysing na ‘n ander dokument.
Rektifikasie word ook breedvoerig hanteer, vanweë die eiesoortige benadering in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg. Waar formaliteite konstitutief van aard is, sal ‘n Suid-Afrikaanse hof eers vasstel dat ‘n ooreenkoms ex facie die dokument aan die formaliteite voldoen, voordat dit sal oorweeg of rektifikasie moontlik is. ‘n Ontleding van sivielregtelike en gemeenregtelike beslissings dui daarop dat die Suid-Afrikaanse benadering op ‘n wanbegrip van die doel van rektifikasie gebaseer is. Dit lei tot die verdere gevolgtrekking dat die vereiste van ex facie nakoming as ‘n afsonderlike stap afgeskaf behoort te word en dat ‘n hof eerder moet oorweeg of die toestaan van ‘n eis vir rektifikasie die oogmerke van die formaliteite in die algemeen sou verydel.
Laastens word aandag geskenk aan die remedies beskikbaar aan ‘n party wat presteer ingevolge ‘n ooreenkoms wat nietig is weens nie-nakoming van formaliteite, asook die effek van volle prestasie kragtens so ‘n ooreenkoms. In eersgenoemde geval beperk die Suid-Afrikaanse reg daardie party tot ‘n verrykingseis. ‘n Ondersoek van die remedies beskikbaar in ander regstelsels toon dat dit onnodig beperkend is. Dit word aangevoer dat Suid-Afrikaanse howe die uitsluiting van estoppel in hierdie konteks moet heroorweeg, veral in gevalle waar een party se gewetenlose optrede daartoe lei dat die ander party staat maak op die formeel-gebrekkige ooreenkoms. In gevalle van volledige prestasie is daar geen remedies beskikbaar nie, maar dit word aangevoer dat ‘n onderskeid getref moet word tussen wedersydse en eensydige prestasies.
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Brinkmann, Christian Moritz. "Probability and conviction -- irreconcilable concepts or two sides of the same coin? : a comparative analysis of the standard of proof in civil matters." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80911.
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This thesis questions the widespread proposition that the civilian standard of proof in civil matters is considerably higher than the corresponding standard in the Common Law. Instead, it is argued here that the "odd differences" in the formulae employed to describe it "are merely a matter of words".<br>Conceptually, both legal traditions combine the subjective element of a belief in the truth with the objective requirement of warrant for this belief in the evidence presented. The trier's belief that a certain statement is true has to be reasonably inferable from the evidence. In both traditions the standard is not fixed in the sense that it depends on a variety of factors relevant to the specific case, such as whether evidence is amply available, or whether only testimonial evidence can be adduced.<br>This approach to the standard of proof is also followed by the Principles and Rules for Transnational Civil Procedure developed in 2002 by the American Law Institute (ALI) and UNIDROIT. Their treatment of the standard of proof appears to be a synthesis of the Common and Civil Law approaches.
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Ramlee, Zulfakar. "The role of Al-Qarinah (circumstantial evidence) in Islamic law of evidence : a study of the law in Malaysia, with reference to the rules and principles of English law." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388283.
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Macnair, Michael Richard Trench. "The law of proof in early modern equity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334166.
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Porwancher, Andrew. "American legal thought and the law of evidence, 1904-1940." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609802.
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Grobler, Chazanne. "A regulatory framework for psycho-legal assessments in South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78604.
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The study demonstrates that mental health professionals, more specifically psychiatrists and psychologists, conducting psycho-legal assessments in South Africa, play a pivotal role in assisting the courts in ensuring that justice is done. Mental health professionals are involved in numerous matters, ranging from criminal cases, such as conducting psycho-legal assessments regarding criminal capacity, civil proceedings concerning care and contact evaluations, personal injury claims, and many more. In reviewing case law and the complaints lodged with, and rulings made by, the Health Professions Council of South Africa, it is evident that psycho-legal assessments are often problematic. The problems relate to an inadequate level of performance in evaluations and testimony and unethical behaviour. It is argued that the lack of regulation of psycho-legal assessments is one of the main contributing factors in the increasing challenges experienced.
The study examines the current regulatory framework regarding psycho-legal assessments in South Africa by first examining the procedural and evidentiary rules that control the admissibility and evaluation of expert testimony, and secondly, the self-regulation by the mental health professions. To address the shortcomings, the regulatory mechanisms in the international context is analysed by turning to the United Kingdom as well as the United States of America. Both jurisdictions have strong ties to South Africa and a rich history concerning regulating psycho-legal assessments and psychological and psychiatric evidence in general. Drawing from the regulatory frameworks in the comparator countries recommendations for the South African context is made. The recommendations take a multi-level approach, focusing on the rules of evidence and other procedural rules within the legal system and self-regulation of mental health professions.<br>Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>Public Law<br>LLD<br>Unrestricted
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Ribeiro, Ana Carolina Trindade. "Affirmative action outcomes: evidence from a law school in Brazil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-04092017-125250/.
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The main goal of affirmative action (AA) policies is to give opportunities otherwise nonexistent to minorities and underprivileged students. In this paper, I investigate whether the introduction of a college affirmative action policy enables AA beneficiaries to obtain a career in Law and to catch up with high scoring candidates who did not get admitted due to the policy (i.e., displaced candidates). To do so, I use a new dataset from UERJ admission office, a prominent public university in Rio de Janeiro, which was the first in Brazil to adopt a quota system for both black and public school students. I combine this dataset with the OAB exam passage records, equivalent to the American Bar exam. Preliminary results suggest that the quota policy improves OAB passage rates for beneficiaries. I find that lawyer certification for underprivileged students increases by 51 p.p., even though they underperform by 4.56 p.p when compared to displaced candidates. I also present evidence that displaced candidates do not experience any drop in their OAB exam passage rates due to the policy. Furthermore, I find that public school quota beneficiaries who score close to the admission cutoff present an increase in the probability of passing the OAB exam by up to 52 p.p.<br>O principal objetivo de políticas de ação afirmativa (AA) é dar oportunidades, em geral inexistentes, aos membros da sociedade menos privilegiados, em especial àqueles pertencentes a minorias. Neste trabalho, é feita uma análise acerca do impacto da política de cotas no curso de Direito da primeira universidade pública a adotar a política de cotas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a UERJ, de forma a estimar os efeitos da política após o ensino superior. Especificamente, o quanto a política impulsiona seus beneficiários e em que medida permite que estes se aproximem de candidatos que obtiveram pontuação alta no vestibular, mas não foram admitidos exclusivamente por causa da reserva de vagas. Adicionalmente, o impacto sobre estes últimos, que também são diretamente afetados. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados do processo de admissão do curso de Direito da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), considerado de alto prestígio, em conjunto com as listagens de aprovação no exame da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil. Os resultados indicam que a política aumenta em 51p.p. a probabilidade de certificação dos candidatos que se beneficiam da política, apesar de os mesmos ainda apresentarem 4.56p.p. menos chance de certificação do que os candidatos displaced. Além disso, há evidências de que a política não afeta negativamente as chances de aprovação na OAB dos candidatos displaced que pontuaram pouco abaixo do corte de admissão na UERJ. Por outro lado, a política é capaz de aumentar a certificação dos alunos admitidos para vagas destinadas ao sistema de ensino público com pontuação próxima ao corte em até 52p.p.
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Sapkal, Rahul <1986>. "How Law and Law Enforcement Affect Labour Markets In Developing Countries: An Empirical Evidence From India." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7756/3/Sapkal_Rahul_tesi.pdf.
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This doctoral dissertation examines and investigates the impact of labour market and nonlabour market institutions on the Indian labour market. In general, some of its most
important findings are of interest for other developing countries as well. It engages with the critical debate on the potential adverse effects of protective labour laws. Many scholars have looked sceptically on those effects as a bottleneck to labour market flexibility and economic development. To address the raised concerns, this dissertation empirically investigates three research questions that are interlinked with each other.
The first two research questions deals with the assessment of labour market institutions that have direct implication on the Indian labour market. The third research question deals with the assessment of non-labour market institutions that has indirect implication
on the labour market mediated through changing bargaining position of a woman within a family. However, this academic engagement can best be viewed as an empirical exercise exhorting how specific the India‘s labour laws and personal laws such as inheritance property rights, interact with the labour market. Moreover it also allows us to analyse how these interactions are receptive to advance our scholarship on understanding the relationship between labour market and labour market institutions that have witnessed significant changes since the beginning of economic reform of 1991 in India.
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Hanekom, Jurgens Philip. "The application of the hearsay rule in labour law proceedings." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/300.
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To know your law and not to understand it is like a legal barbarian lost in the battlefield of legal theory. A proper and thorough understanding of the law of evidence and hearsay evidence in particular, is of paramount importance not only for lawyers but also for persons who regard themselves as labour law experts. It takes a great deal of experience before a lawyer truly becomes confident with the law of evidence and its application. The only way one becomes good at it is firstly to know the law. (Where does it come from and why is it there?) Then one must get to understand it by looking at examples and apply it in practice. Only then will a person gain practical experience. The aim of this treatise is not to try and educate experienced lawyers. This article is aimed at those that need some motivation to pursue their journey in the labour law process. Remember we all assume that lawyers know and understand their subject until they proof the contrary. In this work I shall try to highlight the importance of the law of evidence in labour law proceedings. Firstly the meaning of the law of evidence and hearsay evidence is considered. Further emphasis will be on the approach and application of the law of evidence, and in particular the hearsay rule, in labour law proceedings.
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Bicak, A. Vahit. "A comparative study of the problem of admissibility of improperly obtained evidence." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318296.
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Rochow, Neville Grant. "Evidence, judicial notice and party comment: principles for ascertaining facts which predicate constitutional validity." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09LM/09lmr781.pdf.
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Rumbold, John Mark Michael. "The parasomnia defence : expert evidence in criminal trials." Thesis, Keele University, 2015. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/2501/.
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There are increasing numbers of defendants seeking to rely on the occurrence of sleepwalking or some other parasomnia in their defence to a criminal charge. Consequently this has become a matter for public concern, particularly in relation to sexual assaults committed after alcohol consumption. This study used ethnographic methods to understand how the expert witnesses assess the accused in these cases, and then present their evidence to the jury. It also looked at the two-way interactions between law and medical science, and the difficulties each field has with the other. Sleepwalking in particular is an under-researched condition, with the basic phenomenology not fully explored yet. The experts must often rely on professional experience and give opinions, rather than relying on solid scientific evidence. Juries rarely return the special verdict, and victims are left dissatisfied by the incredible nature of the defence. The law pertaining to automatism and insanity is complicated and out of step with medical science. The Law Commission has recently examined this tricky area of law and recommended reform. The study concludes that the standard of expert evidence is generally good, although further work is needed to examine the specifics of how opinion and test results are presented to the jury. A number of recommendations are made about the standard of admissibility, legal reform and future directions of research.
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Forret, Joan Boyce. "An Interface between science and law: What is science for members of New Zealand's Environment Court?" The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2667.
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This study investigates the interface between science and law with reference to models of science described by members of New Zealand's Environment Court. The aim of the research is to identify differences and consistencies between the members of the Court in the way that they articulate their understanding of science and of scientific evidence. This research also aims to locate those individual models of science within a wider philosophical discourse concerning the nature of science. The research adopts a qualitative and interpretive approach that focuses on understanding the detail of contextual interactions arising from interviews with eight Environment Judges and 13 Commissioners. The interview group comprised all of the judges of the Court during the research period (1999 - 2000) and all but one permanent Commissioner. The analysis of interviews show a wide range of views concerning the scope and nature of science. Criteria significant to each individual's model of science have been identified as a series of micro themes. Those micro themes differ between individuals as to the combinations of criteria significant when locating the boundary between science and non-science. The analysis of interviews also identifies three macro themes that describe whether and how individuals differentiate science, technology and expertise. That analysis identifies a group of interviewees, comprising both judges and commissioners, that equates science with expertise without distinction as to any knowledge component or process considerations. The analysis of interview responses adopts a boundary-work approach that identifies how individuals locate the boundary between science and non-science through their articulation of the micro themes significant to their model of science. The study contributes to the discourse concerning the relationship of science and law within modern society. That discourse commonly addresses the appropriate legal framework to assess questions involving scientific expertise and invariably describes the legal process and the role of expert and decision maker within that process. However, that discourse rarely articulates the meaning of the terms science, scientist, or technology, assuming that science is a self-evident concept, its meaning having universal application and acceptance. This research challenges that approach and identifies wide differences in the models of science held by individual decision makers and differences in their expectations of evidence from expert witnesses. Aside from the implications of the research results for the discourse concerning the relationship of science and law, this research also has practical implications for the evaluation of expert scientific evidence within an adversarial system of law, and for expert evidence before the Environment Court. Suggestions to improve communication both within the Court and between the Court and parties appearing before it are made with a view to identifying consistent and fair expectations of experts and their evidence.
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DiNardo, Lawrence A. "The notion of witnesses and the probative force of their testimony in marriage nullity cases a comparison of the 1917 and 1983 Codes /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Crawford, C. "The emergence of English forensic medicine : Medical evidence in common-law courts, 1730-1830." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381838.
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Olkkonen, Sanna. "The Law of One Price : Evidence from Three European Stock Exchanges." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-53114.
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<p>For the last decades the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) has had a vital role in the financial theory. According to the theory assets, independent of geographic location, always are correctly priced due to the notion of information efficiency across financial markets. A consequence of EMH is the Law of One Price, hereafter simply the Law, which is the main concept of this thesis. The Law extends the analysis by stating that in a perfectly integrated and competitive market crosstraded assets should trade for the same common-currency price in every country. This becomes a fact due to the presence of arbitrageurs’ continuous vigilance in the financial markets, where any case of mispricing is acted upon in a matter of seconds by buying the cheaper asset and selling it where the price is higher in order to make a profit from the price gap.</p><p>Past research reveals that mispricing on cross-traded assets does exist, indicating that there exists evidence of violations of the Law on financial markets. However, in the real world most likely only a few cases of mispricing equal arbitrage opportunities due to the fact that worldwide financial markets are not characterized by the perfect conditions required by Law. Consequently, it is of relevance to include factors that may have an impact on mispricing when implementing a validation test of the Law on cross-traded assets, as these may as well eliminate the assumed arbitrage opportunities.</p><p>In this study the author implements a validation test of the Law by examining the degree of mispricing on 19 cross-traded assets in three European stock exchanges. Consequently, from the prevalent theoretical point of view, the author maps and analyzes the possible impact of market imperfections on the detected mispricings.</p><p>The major finding of this study is that mispricing does exist to significant degree on the considered markets. However, by examining the possible impact of market imperfections, the author cannot disregard the fact that these may explain a considerable part of the detected price discrepancies. The final conclusion of this study is that the main focus when discussing mispricing should revolve round analyzing its underlying causes, rather than resting on tenacious financial theories, in order to be able to draw more comprehensive and fair conclusions about mispricing on cross-traded assets.</p>
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Ho, H. L. "Truth and legitimacy in the law of evidence : a theoretical enquiry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435384.
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Allen, Christopher John Wallace. "Non-Benthamite influences of the English law of evidence : 1828 - 1898." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360559.
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Haldar, Antara. "Rethinking law and development : evidence from land titling and microfinance programmes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609180.
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Davis, John Patrick. "When jurors ignore the law and the evidence to do justice /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9031.
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Burić, Zoran [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Sieber. "Models of cross-border evidence gathering in European Union criminal law." Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1224808770/34.
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Blackman, Susan Jane. "Expert systems in case-based law : the rule against hearsay." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27763.
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The rule against hearsay of evidence law, and its exceptions, can be explained with a simple heuristic device. Where the circumstances surrounding the making of the hearsay statement indicate that the declarant perceived the matters reported accurately, believed and remembered what she saw when she reported it, and intended to accurately report it, the evidence appears reliable and is admissible in court. This theory is used as the basis for building an expert system to advise lawyers about admissibility of hearsay evidence. The expert whose knowledge forms the basis of this expert system is Professor M. T. MacCrimmon of the Faculty of Law at the University of British Columbia.<br>Law, Peter A. Allard School of<br>Graduate
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Brooke, David Anthony. "Confessions, illegally/improperly obtained evidence and entrapment under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 : changing judicial and public attitudes to the police and criminal investigations." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349807/.
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This thesis considers the law on confessions, illegally/improperly obtained evidence and entrapment under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. There is a detailed discussion of the case-law and the principles which underlie that case-law as well as a detailed discussion of the principles and policies which underlie the relevant statutory and common law provisions. There is also some discussion of some of the psychological aspects of false confessions and interrogation. There is some historical discussion of how the law has approached confessions, illegally/improperly obtained evidence and entrapment before the enactment of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. A major theme of this thesis is to illustrate how changing judicial and public attitudes to the police and criminal investigations from the mid nineteenth century to the present day have influenced the content of the law on the three areas of criminal evidence under discussion, namely confessions, illegally/improperly obtained evidence and entrapment. In particular this thesis has attempted to illustrate how judicial responses to Sections 76 2(a) and 76 2(b) and S. 78 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act have been influenced by changing public attitudes to the police, the integrity of their evidence to the criminal court and their role in the criminal justice system and society. In order to illustrate and highlight important points and arguments in the thesis, reference is occasionally made to the law and issues on identification evidence, accomplice evidence, forensic evidence as well as the law and issues on covert police operations to gather evidence not involving entrapment. However, no claim is made for comprehensive treatment of the law on identification evidence, accomplice evidence or forensic evidence, merely reference is made to those areas for the purposes of exposition on the main areas of study: Confessions, illegally/improperly obtained evidence and entrapment. The name of the publishers and place of publication for books and monographs quoted in the text is given in the bibliography.
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Farley, Erin Jennifer. "Deliberating science juries, scientific evidence and commonsense justice /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 309 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251900581&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Akomolafe, Tokunbo Charles. "A comparative study of the law relating to disposition and character evidence." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1986. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/b8064cf2-23bb-4cc9-8f67-0844d71b1be9.
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Schramm, Jan-Melissa. "Trials of faith : evidence, testimony and narrative, c1740-1870." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271947.
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Jordaan, Jason. "An examination of validation practices in relation to the forensic acquisition of digital evidence in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016361.
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The acquisition of digital evidence is the most crucial part of the entire digital forensics process. During this process, digital evidence is acquired in a forensically sound manner to ensure the legal admissibility and reliability of that evidence in court. In the acquisition process various hardware or software tools are used to acquire the digital evidence. All of the digital forensic standards relating to the acquisition of digital evidence require that the hardware and software tools used in the acquisition process are validated as functioning correctly and reliably, as this lends credibility to the evidence in court. In fact the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 in South Africa specifically requires courts to consider issues such as reliability and the manner in which the integrity of digital evidence is ensured when assessing the evidential weight of digital evidence. Previous research into quality assurance in the practice of digital forensics in South Africa identified that in general, tool validation was not performed, and as such a hypothesis was proposed that digital forensic practitioners in South Africa make use of hardware and/or software tools for the forensic acquisition of digital evidence, whose validity and/or reliability cannot be objectively proven. As such the reliability of any digital evidence preserved using those tools is potentially unreliable. This hypothesis was tested in the research through the use of a survey of digital forensic practitioners in South Africa. The research established that the majority of digital forensic practitioners do not use tools in the forensic acquisition of digital evidence that can be proven to be validated and/or reliable. While just under a fifth of digital forensic practitioners can provide some proof of validation and/or reliability, the proof of validation does not meet formal international standards. In essence this means that digital evidence, which is preserved through the use of specific hardware and/or software tools for subsequent presentation and reliance upon as evidence in a court of law, is preserved by tools where the objective and scientific validity thereof has not been determined. Since South African courts must consider reliability in terms of Section 15(3) of the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 in assessing the weight of digital evidence, this is undermined through the current state of practice in South Africa by digital forensic practitioners.
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Nicholson, Jennifer Clare. "Character, evidence and advocacy : representing reality in nineteenth-century law and literature." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603507.
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The 1836 Prisoners' Counsel Act afforded all prisoners the right to full legal representation. Thereafter, the focus of felony trial proceedings shifted from the accused's character to the forensic scrutiny of evidence by advocates for both sides. This thesis examines the ways in which novels which focused on the presentation and revelation of character remained committed to a character-focused model of representation and how, conversely, writers of sensation and detective fiction began to appropriate the adversarial-evidentiary representational practices which flourished in criminal courts post- l836, and endorsed them as an alternative and more effective means of representing reality.
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Morse, Benjamin Sherman. "Policing and the rule of law in weak states : evidence from Liberia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123630.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, 2019<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 269-280).<br>How can states with limited resources build citizens' trust in the police? How can they ensure the primacy of the police and courts over customary alternatives in peripheral regions long accustomed to autonomy? In urban areas plagued by high levels of crime and insecurity, how can they reduce reliance on vigilantism and extrajudicial justice? My dissertation explores these questions through a series of three essays on policing in Liberia. The first reports results from a large-scale, randomized control trial evaluation of the Liberian National Police's "Confidence Patrols" community policing program in rural Liberia.<br>I find that the program was successful at increasing knowledge of the police and courts, enhancing security of property rights, and increasing crime reporting, but that it also led to backlash from customary chiefs and members of Liberia's traditional society (who are privileged under customary law), possibly because they felt their interests would be threatened by greater access to the state. My second paper evaluates the effectiveness of community policing in the urban setting, with a particular focus on whether community policing combined with the opportunity to form "Watch Forums" can redirect communities away from vigilantism towards lawful activities that complement the efforts of police. I find that the intervention improved police-community relations, reduced support for vigilantism, and mobilized communities to participate in the Watch Forum initiative.<br>I further find that these improvements were accompanied by a roughly 40 percentage point reduction in the incidence of mob violence. I conclude that integrating local communities into formal policing practices is a potentially promising strategy for reducing vigilantism and promoting compliance with the rule of law in countries like Liberia. The third and final paper tests whether citizens expect the police to discriminate against victims of crime on the basis of their class, religion, or (lack of) personal connections to powerful government officials, and whether this in turn discourages crime reporting. I find that citizens expect discrimination on the basis of class and political connections, but that these expectations do not appear to influence the likelihood of crime reporting among actual victims of crime.<br>by Benjamin Sherman Morse.<br>Ph. D.<br>Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science
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Volpin, Cristina. "Evidence and Proof in EU Competition Law: Between Public and Private Enforcement." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423677.
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This thesis identifies the major evidential issues of EU competition law enforcement and the principles and rules on proof followed by the CJEU and the national courts to solve them. Analising the case law, the thesis considers how the decisions of the Luxembourg Courts influence the evaluation of evidence of English and Italian judges, both in the public and the private enforcement. Chapter I, after clarifying which rules govern evidential issues before the different authorities, tackles the nature of evidence and criticises its characterisation according to the traditional substance-procedure dichotomy. Chapter II explores the reasons why a significant degree of convergence is reached, well beyond the effet utile standard, by the case law of the CJEU and that of the analysed countries (England/Wales and Italy). It also shows that the peculiarities of the enforcement of EU competition law and the crucial role played by evidence in this field are important factors promoting the process of convergence. In Chapter III, the analysis is extended to the gathering of evidence. In this phase, despite the diversity characterising the national administrative procedures, convergence is promoted, on the one hand, by the coordination mechanisms provided by EU law to foster the free movement of evidence and, on the other, by the fundamental rights standards that Member States are bound to follow. The conclusions show how, having been tested by means of judicial integration, the adoption of uniform rules of evidence in EU competition law, complementing Article 2 of Regulation (EC) 1/2003, is conceivable and desirable.<br>La tesi esamina vari aspetti relativi alla prova nel diritto europeo della concorrenza, riguardo ai quali principi e regole comuni vengono adottate sia dalla Corte di Giustizia dell’Unione Europea che dalle corti nazionali. Attraverso l’analisi delle decisioni in materia di concorrenza, la tesi considera l’influenza esercitata dalla giurisprudenza della Corte di Lussemburgo sulla valutazione delle prove in due giurisdizioni nazionali, quella inglese e quella italiana, sia nel public che nel private enforcement. Il primo capitolo, dopo aver illustrato i regimi probatori applicati dalle diverse autorità, affronta il problema della natura della prova e propone una critica della tradizionale rigida distinzione tra profili sostanziali e procedurali. Il secondo capitolo esplora le ragioni per le quali un considerevole livello di convergenza viene raggiunto tra la giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia dell’Unione Europea e la giurisprudenza delle corti degli Stati membri analizzati, ben oltre il rispetto del principio dell’effetto utile. Secondo la ricostruzione riproposta, il ruolo cruciale giocato dalla prova in questo campo e le peculiarità del sistema europeo della concorrenza sono fattori determinanti nel processo di ravvicinamento delle discipline probatorie. Nel terzo capitolo, l’analisi si sofferma sull’acquisizione e formazione della prova. In fase di raccolta della prova, nonostante la diversità che caratterizza i procedimenti amministrativi nazionali, la convergenza è stimolata, da un lato, dagli strumenti europei che promuovono la libera circolazione della prova e, dall’altro, dalla tutela dei diritti fondamentali che gli Stati membri sono tenuti a rispettare. L’analisi porta a concludere che alcuni principi uniformi in tema di prova nel diritto europeo della concorrenza siano già osservati dai giudici nazionali e che un corpo di norme comuni dovrebbe essere adottato, ad integrazione della scarna disciplina della prova contenuta nel Regolamento (CE) 1/2003.
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Adamidis, Vasileios. "Character evidence in the courts of classical Athens." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16239.
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This doctoral thesis aims to explore the underlying rationale of the (by modern standards) wide use of character evidence in the courts of classical Athens. Linking divergent areas of social sciences such as law, history, psychology and social anthropology, this interdisciplinary quest examines under a socio-political prism the question of legal relevance in Athenian forensic rhetoric. Specifically, I am concerned with an in-depth analysis of the surviving court speeches placed in their context in order to reveal the function of the Athenian courts and the fundamental nature of Athenian law. I explore the utmost aims of the first democratic system of justice and give a verdict as to its orientation towards the attainment of key notions such as the rule of law, equity and fairness, or social stability through utilitarian dispute resolution. My claim is that, although ancient and modern definitions of such ideals are in essence incomparable, the Athenians achieved the rule of law in their own terms through the strict application of legal justice in their courts. In such a legal system, no ‘aberrations’ or irrelevant ‘extra-legal’ arguments may carry significant weight. Central for my argument is the homogeneous approach to (legal and quasi-legal) argumentation from Homer to the orators, in a period covering more than four centuries. Close analysis of the dispute-resolution passages in ancient Greek literature exposes the striking similarities with the rhetoric of litigants in the Athenian courts. Therefore, instead of isolating (in time and space) the sphere of the Athenian courts of the mid-5th to the late-4th centuries, my holistic approach discloses the need for an all-embracing interpretation of the wide use of character evidence in every aspect of argumentation. I argue that the explanation for this practice is to be found (on a subjective level) in the Greek ideas of ‘character’ and ‘personality’, the inductive method of reasoning, and (on an objective level) in the social, political and institutional structures of the ancient Greek polis. Thus, a new exegesis to the question of legal relevance for the Greeks emerges.
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WONG, Ho Yin. "Corporate social responsibility and firm performance : evidence from China." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2012. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/acct_etd/16.
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A series of China’s product safety scandals have recently aroused global concerns over the business ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China. General public believe that companies have a responsibility towards the society that goes beyond their obligation of maximizing profits. The aims of this research are to understand the development of CSR in China over the past few years and measure the effects of CSR on firm performance by examining the standalone CSR reports for the period 2008-2009. The latest data indicate that Chinese companies have been making progress in their CSR practices. The results of this study show that the prior financial performance is positively associated with CSR disclosure and the CSR disclosure has a significant and positive effect on the firm financial performance in the next year.
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Mqeke, Bangilizwe Richman. "Traditional and modern law of procedure and evidence in the chief's courts of the Ciskei." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003202.
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In this thesis it is intended to show, among other things, the evolution of the Ciskeian traditional African Court practice and procedure from the time of the advent of white rule up to the present day. In chapter two we show the manner in which the various Cape Governors tried to suppress the traditional court system and law by superimposing western type law and norms (repugnancy clause) on the unwilling African population. The case law discussed in chapter 3 clearly shows the problems that arose and which to a large extent, still arise in the application of the Chiefs' Civil Courts Rules. Non-compliance with these rules reveals the need both for the training of the personnel of these courts and reform of the rules governing the Chief's courts. The areas that need urgent attention have been identified and the necessary recommendations have been made.
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Rao, Aparna. "The defendant's bad character in the wake of the Criminal Justice Act 2003." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:818b81e9-91bc-41dd-9f40-1bb57b0d45b2.
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This thesis examines the interpretation and application of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (UK), Part 11 Chapter 1, which came into force on 15 December 2004. Part 11 Chapter 1 concerns evidence of bad character, a concept approximately comparable with common law similar fact evidence, in relation to all parties who may be connected with a criminal trial. The admission and use of similar fact evidence has often been the subject of controversy, and the significant changes made by the CJA 2003 have attracted their own body of support and criticism. The nine chapters of this thesis attempt an in-depth study into the impact of the legislation on the robustness and effectiveness of the criminal trial, and consider whether the criminal trial is suited to the level of exposure of bad character now facilitated by the CJA. In particular, the thesis focuses upon the key provisions governing the uses of bad character evidence of the defendant: the seven gateways set out in s 101 of the CJA. The operation of those gateways and their accompanying explanatory provisions is examined through a combination of engagement with the Law Commission’s Report 273 (which preceded the enactment of the legislation), the range of Court of Appeal cases dealing with the legislation, and academic commentary. It was foreshadowed by commentators and early case law that the new provisions might not be easy to interpret or apply, and subsequent cases have borne out this prediction. An analysis of the bad character provisions suggests that, even though the CJA was intended to provide clarity in regulation, it has itself led to confusion in some important respects. Certain central terms lack definition, and some provisions have unintended consequences. The case law reflects this in its frequent, often brief, and sometimes inconsistent analysis of the specific parts of the legislation, which can make it difficult to determine the defendant’s guilt or innocence in a precise and scrupulous manner.
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Grevling, Katherine Deborah. "A comparative study of the policy considerations underlying the exclusion of improperly obtained evidence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306206.
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Groberman, Harvey M. "Protection against self-incrimination and the concept of unfairness in the law of evidence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317707.
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Drahanov, Dmytro. "The issue of admissibility of evidence in the investment arbitration : should the tribunal use hacked and illegal documentation?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384547.
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Admissibility of illegally obtained evidence is one of the procedural issues in the investment treaty arbitration, on which the tribunals do not have the unified approach or point of view. Although, there are already cases where the tribunal have been faced with this problem, and this gives the ground for the thoughts about the topic. Provided the growing challenge for the tribunals on whether to admit or reject such evidence, this topic remains actual in the field of the arbitration. The aim of the thesis is to highlight the legal issues, related to the admissibility of illegally obtained evidence in investment treaty arbitration. The thesis analyses three sub-issues: is illegally obtained evidence admissible in investment treaty arbitration, if it is admissible under which conditions and which types of illegally obtained evidence exist currently.
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Waterstraat, Daniel. "ALI/UNIDROIT Principles and Rules of Transnational Civil Procedure : ein Instrument zur Lösung des deutsch-amerikanischen Justizkonflikts bei grenzüberschreitenden Beweisaufnahmen? /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/503778656.pdf.
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Yu, Kwok Tung Ricky. "Expert determination as a means in resolving surveying disputes Hong Kong perspective /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b22052410a.pdf.
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Ally, Dave Ashley Vincent. "Constitutional exclusion under secton 35(5) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa." Pretoria [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01282010-133748/.
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Selby, Helen. "Embedding Evidence Based Policing (EBP) : a case study exploring challenges and opportunities." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2018. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34577/.
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This thesis examines the challenges and opportunities associated with embedding Evidence Based Policing (EBP) by using a case study of a single metropolitan police force. In order to achieve this aim, the thesis objectives are to examine: the sources that officers and staff draw upon to inform their decision making; how they understand EBP and research evidence; the extent to which they use research evidence; and their perceptions regarding the organisational challenges, and opportunities, to engage with, and embed EBP. A triangulation mixed methods design is used to explore this. The thesis demonstrates the significance of role in relation to EBP and it is suggested that the heterogeneity of ‘policing’ should be more widely scrutinised by policy makers and scholars. Within the case study force, the thesis also identified variance in how the concepts of research evidence and EBP are understood, with no consistent understanding of the term. Consequently, ambiguity exists regarding the expectations of officers and staff in implementing EBP within their role. This thesis also highlights the necessity to build the capability of officers and staff in relation to EBP, in particular their skills for critical appraisal of research evidence and other knowledge sources, including professional experience. The thesis also reports that the nature of crime and demand was perceived to be changing and that the existing ‘evidence base’ was not perceived to reflect the nature of crime and demand that the police force deals with. The thesis makes recommendations for a re-conceptualisation of EBP, to encompass a range of information sources including research evidence, with an emphasis on the importance of a shared understanding of EBP within the police force. The proposed model encompasses a range of information sources including research evidence, professional experience, organisational information, stakeholder views and national guidance. It also suggests a need to draw more heavily on public perception as an information source in police decision making. The term ‘Informed Policing’ is favoured, rather than EBP to better reflect the more inclusive conceptualisation and emphasis on the critical appraisal of knowledge sources.