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Pease, Patricia. "Oxygen administration: is practice based on evidence?" Paediatric Nursing 18, no. 8 (October 2006): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/paed.18.8.14.s19.
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Poku, Pamela Bediako. "A beginner’s guide to evidence based practice in health and social careA beginner’s guide to evidence based practice in health and social care Helen Aveyard , Pam Sharp Open University Press £18.99224pp97803352360390335236030." Paediatric Nursing 21, no. 10 (November 25, 2009): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/paed.21.10.16.s26.
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Salazar, Mary K. "Evidence Based Practice—Relevance to Occupational Health Nurses." AAOHN Journal 51, no. 3 (March 2003): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990305100303.
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More than 10 years have passed since Dr. Sally Lusk introduced this column to the AAOHN Journal in 1992. Its purpose, as stated by Dr. Lusk, is to acquaint occupational health nurses with an array of research studies that have relevance and application to occupational health nursing practice. Clearly, it has achieved this goal. The success of the column is reflected in a recent readership survey conducted by SLACK Incorporated, which indicated the vast majority of respondents read the column. Of those who read it, 86% indicated it was useful in their practice. During the years, 40 columns have provided readers with a breadth of valuable information that has contributed to occupational health nurses' knowledge, and subsequently, their ability to be more effective in their practice. I am honored and humbled to have been selected to continue the tradition established by Dr. Lusk. 1 invite you, the readers, to keep me informed about your interests and questions in terms of research that can inform your practice. If you would like to contribute to this column, please contact me directly at msalazar@u.washington.edu.
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Schilperoort, Hannah M. "Self-Paced Tutorials to Support Evidence-Based Practice and Information Literacy in Online Health Sciences Education." Journal of Library & Information Services in Distance Learning 14, no. 3-4 (October 1, 2020): 278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1533290x.2021.1873890.
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Attardo, Tiziana M., Elena Magnani, Carlotta Casati, Danilo Cavalieri, Pietro Crispino, Federica Fascì Spurio, Stefano De Carli, Daniela Tirotta, and Paola Gnerre. "Management of celiac disease: from evidence to clinical practice." Italian Journal of Medicine 11, no. 4 (November 28, 2017): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2017.821.
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Celiac disease (CD) is a complex polygenic disorder, which involves genetic factors human leukocyte complex (HLA) and non-HLA genes, environmental factors, innate and adoptive immunity, and a robust chronic T-mediated autoimmune component. The main goal of the present monograph is to define a methodological approach for the disease, characterized by frequent late diagnosis, in order for the physician to become aware of the disease management, the diversity of the clinical presentation itself and in different patients. A unique attention is payed to the specific diagnostic tests to define a correct and accurate application of them, and in addition, to disease follow-up and possible complications. Moreover, a dedicated space is assigned to refractory CD, to potential CD and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Legislative aspects of the celiac disease in Italy are addressed, too. The celiac disease guidelines and their evaluation by means of Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation II instrument allow us to classify the different recommendations and to apply them according to the stakeholders’ involvement, pertinence, methodological accuracy, clarity and publishing independence. Finally, the most current scientific evidence is taken into account to create a complete updated monograph.
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Chatterji, Madhabi, Mark J. Graham, and Peter C. Wyer. "Mapping Cognitive Overlaps Between Practice-Based Learning and Improvement and Evidence-Based Medicine: An Operational Definition for Assessing Resident Physician Competence." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-09-00029.1.
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Abstract Purpose The complex competency labeled practice-based learning and improvement (PBLI) by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) incorporates core knowledge in evidence-based medicine (EBM). The purpose of this study was to operationally define a “PBLI-EBM” domain for assessing resident physician competence. Method The authors used an iterative design process to first content analyze and map correspondences between ACGME and EBM literature sources. The project team, including content and measurement experts and residents/fellows, parsed, classified, and hierarchically organized embedded learning outcomes using a literature-supported cognitive taxonomy. A pool of 141 items was produced from the domain and assessment specifications. The PBLI-EBM domain and resulting items were content validated through formal reviews by a national panel of experts. Results The final domain represents overlapping PBLI and EBM cognitive dimensions measurable through written, multiple-choice assessments. It is organized as 4 subdomains of clinical action: Therapy, Prognosis, Diagnosis, and Harm. Four broad cognitive skill branches (Ask, Acquire, Appraise, and Apply) are subsumed under each subdomain. Each skill branch is defined by enabling skills that specify the cognitive processes, content, and conditions pertinent to demonstrable competence. Most items passed content validity screening criteria and were prepared for test form assembly and administration. Conclusions The operational definition of PBLI-EBM competence is based on a rigorously developed and validated domain and item pool, and substantially expands conventional understandings of EBM. The domain, assessment specifications, and procedures outlined may be used to design written assessments to tap important cognitive dimensions of the overall PBLI competency, as given by ACGME. For more comprehensive coverage of the PBLI competency, such instruments need to be complemented with performance assessments.
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Randolph, Adrienne G., and Barry Markovitz. "Resources for Applying Evidence-Based Medicine in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 12, no. 6 (November 1997): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088506669701200605.
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Evidence-based medicine is an approach to practicing medicine in which the clinician is aware of the evidence in support of her practice and the strength of that evidence. It requires daily application of systematic methods for finding, appraising, and incorporating the best available evidence in the care of individual patients. The evidence-based medicine approach compliments and enhances clinician expertise. It helps clinicians put the burgeoning medical literature into perspective. This article outlines the rationale of evidence-based medicine and lists resources for learning this approach and for finding repositories of evidence applicable to the critically ill pediatric population. We address the unique challenges posed by the smaller populations typically evaluated in pediatric critical care and practical constraints of incorporating evidence-based medicine into the fast-paced practice of critical care.
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Harrison, Melanie, and Kirsty Forsyth. "Developing a Vision for Therapists Working within Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: Poised or Paused for Action?" British Journal of Occupational Therapy 68, no. 4 (April 2005): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260506800407.
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This opinion piece invites a professional debate on the organisation of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) occupational therapy in order to deliver the modernisation agenda while sustaining its excellent record for practice development and innovation. In the face of such challenges, there needs to be reflection on whether CAMHS occupational therapy is ‘poised’ or ‘paused’ for action and what strategies would tackle existing challenges and support its growth. The piece puts forward a potential vision involving occupation-focused theory and developing academic and practice partnerships in order to ensure that children with mental health difficulties access occupation-focused, theory-driven and evidence-based occupational therapy services.
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Sumner,, Jane. "Human Flourishing and the Vulnerable Nurse." International Journal of Human Caring 17, no. 4 (June 2013): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.17.4.20.
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This paper examine the traditional values of nursing i.e. caring, maintaining dignity, and self-respect, and why it is difficult for nurses to flourish in the era of Technical Rationality and fast-paced evidence-based practice. “The moral construct of caring in nursing as communication action” offers the theory on which to investigate human flourishing and the vulnerable nurse. Technical rationality and evidence-based practice do not allow for the humanness of those who are required to deliver evidence-based care. Jurgen Habermas’s (1995) premise is that all humans are vulnerable and in need of “considerateness.” Vulnerability occurs because an individual can only mature through communication, which exposes the core of self. Evidence suggests that many nurses are not happy in a technical, rational, evidence-based practice where their humanness is ignored or overlooked. When unhappy, nurses cannot flourish and the implications are worrying.
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Bhandari, TR, and G. Dangal. "Abortion Practices in Nepal: What does Evidence Show?" Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 10, no. 1 (August 17, 2015): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v10i1.13186.
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Twenty-five years have passed since the global community agreed in Nairobi to address the high maternal mortality by implementing the Safe Motherhood Initiative. However, every year around 22 million women seek unsafe abortion in developing countries. Globally, the unsafe abortion accounts for 13% maternal deaths. Out of the total aborted women, around five million women were admitted to hospitals as a result of unsafe abortion. Similarly, more than three million women suffer from severe complications from unsafe abortion every year. In 2002, responding to the public voices and high attribution of unsafe abortion on maternal mortality, Nepal granted legal access to safe abortion introducing safe abortion act. Women can seek abortion up to 12 weeks of gestation for any indication. However, sex selective pregnancy termination is prohibited in Nepal. This study aimed to assess the results of various studies on abortion practices in Nepal. Literature published in PubMed, Lancet, Medline, WHO and Google Scholar web pages from 1990 to 2014 were used to prepare this paper. From 2004 to 2014, more than half a million women sought safe abortion care in Nepal. Despite the considerable progress, unsafe abortion is still a major issue in Nepal as it has been estimated that it constitutes half of all abortions undertaken every year. Published literature further showed that still an unmet need of safe abortion services exists in Nepal. However, the overall awareness of legal abortion was found to be high among Nepalese women. We found negative attitude of most people towards women who sought abortion care. Similarly, a large number of unmarried women were found at risk for seeking abortion care due to socio-cultural norms, values and stigmas in Nepal.
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Levac, Danielle, Stephanie M. N. Glegg, Chantal Camden, Lisa M. Rivard, and Cheryl Missiuna. "Best Practice Recommendations for the Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of Online Knowledge Translation Resources in Rehabilitation." Physical Therapy 95, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 648–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130500.
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The knowledge-to-practice gap in rehabilitation has spurred knowledge translation (KT) initiatives aimed at promoting clinician behavior change and improving patient care. Online KT resources for physical therapists and other rehabilitation clinicians are appealing because of their potential to reach large numbers of individuals through self-paced, self-directed learning. This article proposes best practice recommendations for developing online KT resources that are designed to translate evidence into practice. Four recommendations are proposed with specific steps in the development, implementation, and evaluation process: (1) develop evidence-based, user-centered content; (2) tailor content to online format; (3) evaluate impact; and (4) share results and disseminate knowledge. Based on KT evidence and instructional design principles, concrete examples are provided along with insights gained from experiences in creating and evaluating online KT resources for physical therapists. In proposing these recommendations, the next steps for research are suggested, and others are invited to contribute to the discussion.
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Gutman, Judy. "The Reality of Non-Adversarial Justice: Principles and Practice." Deakin Law Review 14, no. 1 (August 1, 2009): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2009vol14no1art130.
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The growth, development and institutionalisation of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes in Australia have paved the way for a changing legal culture. Whilst the adversarial process underpins the Australian legal system, the theory and practice of ADR has allowed a broadening of attitudes towards conflict resolution. In Victoria, collaborative rather than adversarial approaches to justice have been put into practice in ‘problem-solving courts’. This development evidences an institutional shift from adversarial justice towards the greater inclusion of non-adversarial dispute resolution processes. Contemporary best practice lawyering demands recognition and acceptance of this change. Legal educators and regulators must also act on the new reality of lawyering.
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Fischbacher-Smith, Denis. "The enemy has passed through the gate." Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 134–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joepp-03-2015-0010.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the potential role that the so-called “toxic triangle” (Padilla et al., 2007) can play in undermining the processes around effectiveness. It is the interaction between leaders, organisational members, and the environmental context in which those interactions occur that has the potential to generate dysfunctional behaviours and processes. The paper seeks to set out a set of issues that would seem to be worthy of further consideration within the Journal and which deal with the relationships between organisational effectiveness and the threats from insiders. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts a systems approach to the threats from insiders and the manner in which it impacts on organisation effectiveness. The ultimate goal of the paper is to stimulate further debate and discussion around the issues. Findings – The paper adds to the discussions around effectiveness by highlighting how senior managers can create the conditions in which failure can occur through the erosion of controls, poor decision making, and the creation of a culture that has the potential to generate failure. Within this setting, insiders can serve to trigger a series of failures by their actions and for which the controls in place are either ineffective or have been by-passed as a result of insider knowledge. Research limitations/implications – The issues raised in this paper need to be tested empirically as a means of providing a clear evidence base in support of their relationships with the generation of organisational ineffectiveness. Practical implications – The paper aims to raise awareness and stimulate thinking by practising managers around the role that the “toxic triangle” of issues can play in creating the conditions by which organisations can incubate the potential for crisis. Originality/value – The paper seeks to bring together a disparate body of published work within the context of “organisational effectiveness” and sets out a series of dark characteristics that organisations need to consider if they are to avoid failure. The paper argues the case that effectiveness can be a fragile construct and that the mechanisms that generate failure also need to be actively considered when discussing what effectiveness means in practice.
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Boaz, Danielle N. "OBEAH, VAGRANCY, AND THE BOUNDARIES OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM: ANALYZING THE PROSCRIPTION OF “PRETENDING TO POSSESS SUPERNATURAL POWERS” IN THE ANGLOPHONE CARIBBEAN." Journal of Law and Religion 32, no. 3 (November 2017): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2017.44.
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AbstractThe practice of obeah, a term used to refer to a variety of African derived spiritual practices, remains proscribed in at least fourteen countries or territories in the Anglophone Caribbean today. This article examines the historical development of these laws and the significance of the continued prohibition of obeah. Although obeah laws were initially modeled on British statutes banning vagrancy and witchcraft, and were passed during a period when it was common for nations in the Western Hemisphere to prohibit the practice of African diaspora faiths, these statutes stand in stark contrast to the religious freedoms guaranteed in other parts of the Atlantic world in the twenty-first century. Obeah laws proscribe the mere performance of certain spiritual rituals, while other countries modified their policies in the mid-twentieth century to require evidence of intentional fraud and financial gain to convict occult practitioners. This article links the continued proscription of obeah to nineteenth century assertions that African peoples were animists and fetishists, as well as to long-standing hierarchies in the Western world placing theistic religions above those centered on spirit conjuring, divination, and the manipulation of supernatural forces.
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Hancock, Nicola J., Kathryn Collins, Charlie Dorer, Steven L. Wolf, Mark Bayley, and Valerie M. Pomeroy. "Evidence-based practice ‘on-the-go’: using ViaTherapy as a tool to enhance clinical decision making in upper limb rehabilitation after stroke, a quality improvement initiative." BMJ Open Quality 8, no. 3 (August 2019): e000592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000592.
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Recovery of upper limb function after stroke is currently sub-optimal, despite good quality evidence showing that interventions enabling repetitive practice of task-specific activity are effective in improving function. Therapists need to access and engage with such evidence to optimise outcomes with people with stroke, but this is challenging in fast-paced stroke rehabilitation services. This quality improvement project aimed to investigate acceptability and service impact of a new, international tool for accessing evidence on upper limb rehabilitation after stroke—‘ViaTherapy’—in a team of community rehabilitation therapists. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken at baseline to determine confidence in, and barriers to, evidence-based practice (EBP) to support clinical decision making. Reported barriers included time, lack of access to evidence and a research-practice disconnect. The clinicians then integrated use of ‘ViaTherapy’ into their practice for 4 weeks. Follow-up interviews explored the accessibility of the tool in community rehabilitation practice, and its impact on clinician confidence, treatment planning and provision. Clinicians found the tool, used predominantly in mobile device app format, to be concise and simple to use, providing evidence ‘on-the-go’. Confidence in accessing and using EBP grew by 22% from baseline. Clinicans reported changes in intensity of delivery of interventions, as rapid access to recommended doses via the tool was available. Following this work, the participating health and social care service provider changed provision of therapists’ technology to enable use of apps. Barriers to use of EBP in stroke rehabilitation persist; the baseline situation here supported the need for more accessible means of integrating best evidence into clinical processes. This quality improvement project successfully integrated ViaTherapy into clinical practice, and found that the tool has potential to underpin positive changes in upper limb therapy service delivery after stroke, by increasing accessibility to, use of and confidence in EBP. Definitive evaluation is now indicated.
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Wang, Jie, and Xingjiang Xiong. "Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine for Hypertension." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/978398.
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Hypertension is an important worldwide public -health challenge with high mortality and disability. Due to the limitations and concerns with current available hypertension treatments, many hypertensive patients, especially in Asia, have turned to Chinese medicine (CM). Although hypertension is not a CM term, physicians who practice CM in China attempt to treat the disease using CM principles. A variety of approaches for treating hypertension have been taken in CM. For seeking the best evidence of CM in making decisions for hypertensive patients, a number of clinical studies have been conducted in China, which has paved the evidence-based way. After literature searching and analyzing, it appeared that CM was effective for hypertension in clinical use, such as Chinese herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, qigong, and Tai Chi. However, due to the poor quality of primary studies, clinical evidence is still weak. The potential benefits and safety of CM for hypertension still need to be confirmed in the future with well-designed RCTs of more persuasive primary endpoints and high-quality SRs. Evidence-based Chinese medicine for hypertension still has a long way to go.
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De Champlain, André F., Nigel Ashworth, Nicole Kain, Sirius Qin, Delaney Wiebe, and Fang Tian. "Does Pass/Fail on Medical Licensing Exams Predict Future Physician Performance in Practice? A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Alberta Physicians." Journal of Medical Regulation 106, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-106.4.17.
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this longitudinal study was to gather extrapolation evidence of validity by assessing whether performance on a national medical licensing exam, in addition to practice and socio-demographic variables, is predictive of future physician performance in practice. The study focused on a cohort of 3,404 physicians who were registered with the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta (CPSA) and who completed the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination (MCCQE) Parts I and II between 1992–2017. Separate multivariate quasi-Poisson regression models were run to assess the degree of relationship between first-time pass/fail status on the MCCQE I and II, and several CPSA socio-demographic variables and several CPSA socio-demographic variables, in addition to complaints/physician and various prescribing flags. Candidates who failed the MCCQE I on their first attempt had 27% more complaints lodged against them, compared to those who passed. Physicians who failed the MCCQE II on their first attempt prescribed 2+ benzodiazepines and 2+ opioids to 30% more patients than those who passed. Conclusions: Performance on the MCCQE Part I and II is an important predictor of physician performance. Combined with other critical variables, these measures provide important evidence to aid in risk modeling efforts and to guide educational interventions for physicians at an early stage of their careers.
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Maharjan, Sangita. "Review on Nadi Pareeksha Methodology." Journal of Ayurveda Campus 1, no. 1 (October 19, 2020): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51648/jac.6.
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Nadi Pareeksha is one of the diagnostic tool in Ayurveda mentioned under Astasthana Rogi Pareeksha. Although the term Nadi has been used abundantly in Bruhat trayee, it’s use as a diagnostic tool has been first mentioned by Sharangadhara. There are evidence of practice of Nadi Pareeksha by folklore practioners, hakims, vaidyas. The knowledge of this practice has been passed from generation to generation from father to son or through guru shisya parampara, limiting the wisdom to few people only. The treatise in Ayurveda lacks systemic and elaborative description of methodology on Nadi Pareeksha. A collective approach of methodologies mentioned helps to draw an insight into systemic understanding of the procedure of carrying out Nadi Pareeksha.
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Griffin, M., DJ Jordan, and A. El Gawad. "Teaching Evidence Based Medicine in Surgical Education; the Challenges and Techniques in Training." Open Medicine Journal 3, no. 1 (December 27, 2016): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874220301603010337.
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Evidence Based Medicine integrates clinical expertise, best available clinical evidence, as well as patient’s values and preferences to manage the care of patients. Surgeons have traditionally performed surgery according to their mentor teachings, these techniques being passed down through several generations. Current surgeon culture must evolve to integrate EBM into their clinical practice. The knowledge and skills required for searching and appraising critical literature needs to be taught to enable surgeons to implement it effectively. Evidence based surgery (EBS) will encourage surgeons to apply the best up-to-date knowledge to find the most effective surgical management plan for their patients. Several methods of teaching EBS to surgical trainees have shown to be effective including workshops, small group discussions, lecture style teaching and courses involving a combination of techniques. Journal clubs have gained in popularity and provided excellent teaching environments for surgeons to learn critical appraisal. Recently EBM has been introduced into the undergraduate programme to provide young medical practitioners with a strong foundation in EBM competency, and a positive attitude towards applying EBM to clinical practice. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the principles of EBM and the success and challenges of teaching methods to deliver EBM for the surgical field.
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Marschalek, Marie-Louise, Wolfgang Umek, Heinz Koelbl, Nikolaus Veit-Rubin, Barbara Bodner-Adler, and Heinrich Husslein. "Wide Variation in Post-Void Residual Management after Urogynecologic Surgery: A Survey of Urogynecologists’ Practices." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091946.
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To date there is no standardized regimen or evidence-based practical guideline concerning post-void residual (PVR) measurement after urogynecologic surgeries. This survey aimed to evaluate current practice patterns and the approach taken among urogynecologists surrounding PVR measurement. An online survey was sent to members of several urogynecologic societies assessing pre- and postoperative management of patients undergoing urogynecologic surgery. A total of 204 urogynecologists from 21 countries participated in the survey. The vast majority of urogynecologists perform some kind of voiding trial to assess voiding function postoperatively. The cut-off values to perform catheterization, the methods of measurement, and the number of successfully passed voiding showed strong differences. Only 34.4% of the respondents consider routine PVR measurement after urogynecologic surgery to be evidence-based. PVR measurement after urogynecologic surgeries is widely performed and if pathological, it almost always provokes invasive treatment. However, there is a wide variation of implemented strategies, methods, and cut-off values. Scientific societies are challenged to devise a standardized regimen based on evidence for the management of urinary retention after urogynecologic surgery.
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Zammarchi, Lorenzo, Michele Spinicci, Michele Spinicci, Alessandro Bartoloni, and Alessandro Bartoloni. "ZIKA VIRUS: A REVIEW FROM THE VIRUS BASICS TO PROPOSED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 8 (November 1, 2016): 2016056. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2016.056.
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This review aims to summarize the body of knowledge available on Zika virus to date. A comprehensive review of the scientific literature on Zika virus was performed with the aim to stress relevant aspects for healthcare professionals in non-endemic area. For several years, the Zika virus infection was considered an extremely rare exotic disease with poor clinical relevance. However, Zika virus has recently gained the attention of the scientific community and public opinion since the virus spread to the Pacific islands and the South America in an unprecedented epidemic, and additionally due to the definitive evidence that the infection could be complicated by Guillain-Barré syndrome, passed through vertical transmission, and result in central nervous system abnormalities (including microcephaly) of the fetus. Studies and scientific evidences on the complications associated with Zika virus infection are growing day by day. It is advisable that the healthcare professionals working in non-endemic areas maintain full awareness on this issue in order to practice proper management of the imported cases of Zika virus infection.
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Munnelly, Stacey, Victoria Howard, Veronica Hall, James Richardson, and Matthew Kirkbride. "Knowledge and education to inform evidence-based practice in gastrointestinal nursing: a scoping review." Gastrointestinal Nursing 19, no. 6 (July 2, 2021): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2021.19.6.36.
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Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) nursing incorporates a plethora of specialisms, involving caring for patients with complex pathologies requiring specialist management and nursing care. GI nurses work across a range of clinical areas and have differing levels of knowledge and skill. However, there are gaps in knowledge specific to GI nursing, and there are barriers to education and evidence-based practice (EBP). Innovative educational strategies and the recent development of competency frameworks, such as those for endoscopy and hepatology nursing, have paved the way for other sub-specialisms, yet the different approaches to upskill the workforce require investigation. Aims: This article aims to identify the breadth and depth of research regarding the knowledge and educational needs of GI nurses and to understand the best approach to education and EBP. Methods: A scoping review was performed using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. A search was conducted in two bibliographic databases and across relevant UK organisations. Findings: The database search identified 31 relevant papers published from 2010 to 2021. The studies varied in purpose, method and recommendations, but all reported consistent results, specifically that GI nurses' knowledge requires attention. Many ways were proposed to assess learning needs and educational strategies to improve knowledge and EBP. Conclusion: GI nurses' knowledge requires development, to improve both the confidence and clinical practice of nurses and the experiences and clinical outcomes of patients. The educational and development requirements of GI nurses vary across a wide spectrum of needs and draw on a vast range of resources and evidence bases. Solutions do not need to be expensive or time consuming and can be practical, making use of existing resources and delivered at local, regional and national levels. At the same time, to deliver true EBP, nurses must develop the critical analysis skills required to locate, appraise and organise evidence, interpreting it into the practicalities for decision making. Future researchers should consider exploration of the instruments used to measure EBP and the competence of GI nurses, to evaluate the effectiveness of different educational models and assist educators in the development and refinement of specialist educational programmes.
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Pfaller, Adam Y., M. Alison Brooks, Scott Hetzel, and Timothy A. McGuine. "Effect of a New Rule Limiting Full Contact Practice on the Incidence of Sport-Related Concussion in High School Football Players." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 10 (July 15, 2019): 2294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546519860120.
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Background: Sport-related concussion (SRC) has been associated with cognitive impairment, depression, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. American football is the most popular sport among males in the United States and has one of the highest concussion rates among high school sports. Measured head impacts and concussions are approximately 4 times more common in contact practices compared with noncontact practices. The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association passed new rules defining and limiting contact during practice before the 2014 football season. Purpose: To determine if the SRC rate is lower after a rule change that limited the amount and duration of full-contact activities during high school football practice sessions. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 2081 high school football athletes enrolled and participated in the study in 2012-2013 (before the rule change), and 945 players participated in the study in 2014 (after the rule change). Players self-reported previous concussion and demographic information. Athletic trainers recorded athlete exposures (AEs), concussion incidence, and days lost for each SRC. Chi-square tests were used to compare the incidence of SRC in prerule 2012-2013 seasons with the incidence in the postrule 2014 season. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to determine differences in days lost because of SRC. Results: A total of 67 players (7.1%) sustained 70 SRCs in 2014. The overall rate of SRC per 1000 AEs was 1.28 in 2014 as compared with 1.58 in 2012-2013 ( P = .139). The rate of SRC sustained overall in practice was significantly lower ( P = .003) after the rule change in 2014 (15 SRCs, 0.33 per 1000 AEs) as compared with prerule 2012-2013 (86 SRCs, 0.76 per 1000 AEs). There was no difference ( P = .999) in the rate of SRC sustained in games before (5.81 per 1000 AEs) and after (5.74 per 1000 AEs) the rule change. There was no difference ( P = .967) in days lost from SRC before (13 days lost [interquartile range, 10-18]) and after (14 days lost [interquartile range, 10-16]) the rule change. Conclusion: The rate of SRC sustained in high school football practice decreased by 57% after a rule change limiting the amount and duration of full-contact activities, with no change in competition concussion rate. Limitations on contact during high school football practice may be one effective measure to reduce the incidence of SRC.
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Sztembis, Rafal, and Donald Moss. "From Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) to Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Biofeedback: The Bridge Between High-Tech Medicine and High-Tech Psychology—How Can We Proceed in Clinical Practice?" Biofeedback 42, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-42.1.03.
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Acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including unstable angina (UA) and myocardial infarction (MI), are clinical symptoms of heart disease, called ischemic heart disease (IHD), and are important causes of death worldwide and in Poland. Medical associations including the European Cardiac Society (ECS) and the American Heart Association (AHA) recognize psychological factors, including depression, anxiety, and stress, as important factors that influence progression of IHD among patients after ACS. Data are accumulating, showing that psychophysiological interventions and relaxation exercises improve clinical outcome in cardiac patients. In the medical literature, however, a number of clinical randomized, controlled studies document the effectiveness of practical medical recommendations (evidence-based medicine, EBM), but very little available data and almost no evidence-based guidelines support physician use of practical implementation of psychophysiological practice or relaxation. The present article describes a study in a Polish hospital cardiology unit, utilizing a psychophysiological stress profile (PSP) to assess patients after myocardial infarction, to assess which patients can utilize paced diaphragmatic breathing as home practice without extended biofeedback training, and which require more extensive biofeedback training. The article discusses safety issues in the use of a PSP in cardiac populations, and possible practical consequences of using a psychophysiological stress profile in clinical cardiac practice.
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Guénon, Melanie. "Vaterschaftstests zwischen religiösem Recht und Medizintechnik: Abstammungsklagen im algerischen Familienrecht." Die Welt des Islams 58, no. 2 (May 15, 2018): 173–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700607-00582p02.
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This article examines the 2005 Algerian family law regulations concerning paternity and the use of DNA tests in Algerian paternity disputes. Specifically, it analyzes the relation between the methods of establishing and negating paternity recognized in Islamic law and the available genetic technology. On the basis of three judgments of the Supreme Court, the present legislation as well as legal practice in Algeria is scrutinized. The article concludes that the Algerian legislator hesitates to dissolve the conflict between genetic technology and the recognized types of evidence of Islamic law. For now, court practice remains ‘traditional’ since judges might feel too much responsibility facing unclear regulations regarding paternity. Nevertheless, the Algerian family code reform offers the opportunity to use DNA-tests to establish nasab for both legitimate and illegitimate children. Due to unclear regulations it also paved the way to use DNA-analysis for paternity negation.*
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Steffens, Maryke S., Adam G. Dunn, Julie Leask, and Kerrie E. Wiley. "Using social media for vaccination promotion: Practices and challenges." DIGITAL HEALTH 6 (January 2020): 205520762097078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055207620970785.
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Objective Vaccination misinformation is widespread on social media. Vaccine-promoting organisations are working to curb its influence, but face obstacles. We aimed to analyse their social media strategies and the challenges they encounter. Methods In this qualitative study, we purposively sampled 21 participants responsible for social media from vaccine-promoting organisations. We used Framework Analysis to explore the data. Results Vaccine-promoting organisations faced obstacles using social media, including fast-paced change, limited resources, and insufficient organisational buy-in. They experienced difficulties reaching audiences, exploiting social media listening, and measuring impact. Consequently, they may miss opportunities to counter misinformation, connect with groups low in vaccine confidence, and determine diverse audience responses. They lack strong evidence linking social media strategies with behaviour change, and have difficulty understanding silent audiences. Conclusions Vaccine-promoting organisations have an opportunity to embrace the participatory nature of social media. They could share listening insights with like-minded groups, and conduct research exploring associations between social media strategies and community attitude/behaviour change. Social media platforms could assist by renewing vaccine-promoting organisations' organic reach, supporting the development of tailored listening and credibility tools, and strengthening collaborations to promote credible content.
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Pearson, David. "What is the First English Bookplate?" Library 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/20.4.527.
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Abstract Bookplates constitute one of the most regularly encountered kinds of provenance evidence in books. Their history is traced back to a late fifteenth-century gift label used at Buxheim and standard sources usually identify the earliest British bookplate as a similar kind of woodcut armorial pasted into books given to Cambridge University in 1574. This note describes a number of hand-painted armorial labels used in the middle of the sixteenth century (and certainly before 1574) by Thomas Andrews of Bury St Edmunds, which were clearly used as ownership markings. These, alongside some other similar examples, make it clear that the practice has a longer history in English usage than we have previously thought.
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Shupak, Nili. "LEARNING METHODS IN ANCIENT ISRAEL." Vetus Testamentum 53, no. 3 (2003): 416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853303768266380.
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AbstractIn the absence of actual evidence on the existence of schools and relevant literature in ancient Israel, the present study attempts to reconstruct the learning methods and stages in light of the terminology applied to study and its accompanying images in the Bible (focused on wisdom literature). The analysis of these terminology and images indicates dierent teaching methods: listening, obedience, understanding, practice, learning lessons, and searching. These methods are complementary and reect various stages in the process of acquiring knowledge, from the first passive stage to the last more active and creative stage. In addition, it shows that the ancient Hebrew educators perceived knowledge first and foremost as traditional material, to be passed down from generation to generation.
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Yang, Yuexiang, Zhihui Du, Zhen Zhang, Guanqun Tong, and Rongxi Zhou. "Does ESG Disclosure Affect Corporate-Bond Credit Spreads? Evidence from China." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 8500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158500.
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With the exponential development of an ecological and sustainable economy and society, the concept and practice of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investments are being popularized in the capital market of China. ESG disclosure is an important supplement to financial disclosure and plays an increasingly significant role in asset pricing. In this paper, we selected corporate bond data in China’s secondary bond market from 2015 to 2020, and introduced the Nelson–Siegel model to study the influence of ESG disclosure on corporate bond credit spreads in the secondary market. This model passed robustness tests when we used alternative data fitted by the modified Nelson–Siegel model. Results show that ESG disclosure significantly reduces credit spreads on corporate bonds in the secondary market. State ownership and industry play significant roles in moderating the impact of ESG disclosure on corporate bond credit spreads. Specifically, the ESG disclosure of non-state-owned companies and companies in non-high-pollution and -energy-consumption industries has a greater impact on reducing corporate bond credit spreads. Therefore, we urge regulatory departments to establish a sound ESG disclosure evaluation system, and the issue companies to improve the quality of their ESG disclosure, especially non-state-owned companies, and those in non-high-pollution and -energy-consumption industries. Corporate bond investors would benefit from integrating ESG information into their investment decision-making process.
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Elliott, Scott. "Embodied Aporia: exploring the potentials for posing questions through architecture." idea journal 17, no. 02 (December 1, 2020): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37113/ij.v17i02.391.
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Through shifts in scale, as illustrated in creative spatial practices, affinities can be drawn out between persons and architectures that lead to encounters with forms and materials as both familiar and strange. Such encounters hold potential for developing sensitivity to the forces at play between body and surroundings, and the identification of separate bodies can be shifted to identification with, and as part of, an ecology of bodies. Using examples from artist-architects Shusaku Arakawa and Madeline Gins alongside art historical examples of Minimalist sculpture, lines of connection are drawn between disparate practices in order to illustrate a continuity of questioning the body directly through the construction of environments. These spatial practices evidence that certain questions are best posed by architecture, as questions which cannot be posed through language can be posed through other methods. Strategies for increasing this sensitivity are parsed out towards the identification of a particular form of embodied doubt, a lived puzzlement felt body wide.
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Reinisch, Walter, Krisztina Gecse, Jonas Halfvarson, Peter M. Irving, Jørgen Jahnsen, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Gerhard Rogler, Stefan Schreiber, and Silvio Danese. "Clinical Practice of Adalimumab and Infliximab Biosimilar Treatment in Adult Patients With Crohn’s Disease." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 27, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa078.
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Abstract The introduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors has significantly changed the treatment landscape in Crohn’s disease (CD). The overall therapeutic achievements with TNF inhibitors such as infliximab, adalimumab, and certolizumab pegol paved the way to push the boundaries of treatment goals beyond symptomatic relief and toward cessation of objective signs of inflammation, including endoscopic remission. Even though these agents are widely used for the treatment of moderate to severe CD, heterogeneity still exists in translating evidence-based guidelines on the use of anti-TNF agents into actual treatment algorithms in CD. This might be due to several reasons including disparities in health expenditure policies; lack of harmonization between countries; and variations in assessment of disease severity, use of disease monitoring tools, or application of treatment targets by physicians. With the advent of biosimilars, patent-free versions of reference biologics are now available to minimize health inequalities in drug availability. In this context, this article aims to provide practical clinical guidance for the use of infliximab and adalimumab biosimilars in patients with moderate to severe CD by outlining different clinical scenarios that patients may encounter during their treatment journey.
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Spahiu, Miranda, Eris Dhamo, and Elda Hallkaj. "Sexual and Reproductive Health Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge, Attitude and Practice SURVEY and Service Quality Assessment in Tirana." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 20 (July 30, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n20p1.
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Sexual and reproductive health services in Albania are based on a positive history of services quality and access. However, in the context of the past decades changes in the social and population perspective, these services are faced with the challenge to meet increasing and evolving demands from girls and women. The data available are scare to portray a good picture of the knowledge, attitude practice and other dimensions of access and quality of sexual and reproductive services from the viewpoint of girls and women. The findings introduced in this article present an attempt to add on the evidence, with the target of Tirana, being the most populated city. The methodology used in this research is composed by two components: the quantitative KAP survey, and the qualitative assessment of the services’ access and quality. The first instrument is tested and has passed the necessary reliability and validity tests and the second instrument is a focus group with girls and women. Both data are analysed with respective software. The respondents reported low level of knowledge on contraception methods, risk factors for cervical cancer, and signs of breast cancer. They accept that practices in terms of modern contraception are not frequent, similar are the prevention measures or testing for cervical cancer, IST/HIV. The study identifies that many barriers remain strong for girls and women in Tirana to access quality services.
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Furtado, Lorena, Tatiane Antonovz, Blenio Peixe, and Michael Correa. "The role of the audit in the prevention and detection of corruption events: Evidence of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games." Intangible Capital 16, no. 1 (July 10, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.1360.
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Purpose: The aim of this research is to analyze the actions related to evidences of corruption practices in the light of the Public Choice Theory, from the opportunism point of view. As a focus of investigated policy, the study was focused to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games held in Brazil.Design/methodology/approach: The analyzed data were the audit reports issued by the Comptroller General of Brazil (CGU) and the news published by The Guardian and Le Monde, both from 2009 to 2016. This information passed through content analysis and the software was the Nvivo.Findings: Regarding the audit reports, from 41 units, 17 presented inconsistencies about the bidding process or execution after such procedure, and in some cases concomitantly, that indicates corruption practices. Changing to the news, 34 from a sample of 38 units were analyzed.Research limitations/implications: Notes related to non-opening of contracting processes, exemptions from bidding, use of invitation letter in an inappropriate manner, lack of competition among companies in the market, subcontracting of companies by contracted ones, which disqualified the bidding process, favoritism among other irregularities pointed out for possible corruption practices.Originality/value: These documents presented actions related to bribes, illegalities in bidding processes and investigations related to politics in Brazil, corroborating the Public Choice Theory regarding opportunistic practices of managers in the primacy for one policy over others.
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Weitz, Eric D. "Racial Politics without the Concept of Race: Reevaluating Soviet Ethnic and National Purges." Slavic Review 61, no. 1 (2002): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2696978.
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Eric D. Weitz argues that the Soviet Union promoted the development of national institutions and consciousness and explicidy rejected the ideology of race. Yet traces of racial politics crept into Soviet nationalities policies, especially between 1937 and 1953. In the Stalin period particular populations were endowed with immutable traits that every member of the group possessed and that were passed from one generation to the next. Recent scholarship, he suggests, has been resistant to drawing out the racial elements in the Stalinist purges of certain nationalities. Francine Hirsch challenges Weitz’s argument, arguing that the Soviet regime had a developed concept of “race,” but did not practice what contemporaries thought of as “racial politics.” Hirsch argues that while the Nazi regime attempted to enact social change by racial means, the Soviet regime aspired to build socialism dirough the manipulation of mass (national and class) consciousness. She contends that it is imperative to analyze the conceptual categories that both regimes used in order to undertake a true comparative analysis. Weiner proposes that Soviet population politics constandy fluctuated between sociological and biological categorization. Although the Soviets often came close to adapting bioracial principles and practices, at no point did they let human heredity become a defining feature of political schemes. Race in the Soviet world applied mainly to concerns for the health of population groups. Despite the capacity to conduct genocidal campaigns and operate death camps, the Soviets never sought the physical extermination of entire groups nor did they stop celebrating the multiethnicity of tiieir polity. The radicalization of state violence in the postwar era was triggered by the nature and role of the war in the Soviet world, the alleged conduct of those who failed to rise to the occasion, and the endemic unstable and unassimilated borderlands, and not by the genetic makeup of the internal enemies. Alaina Lemon’s contribution suggests that scholars seek racialized concepts by treating discourse as situated practice, rather than by separating discourse from practice. This allows consideration of the ways people use language not only to name categories but also to point to social relationships (such as “race”) with or without explicidy naming them as such. Doing so, however, is admittedly more difficult when the only available evidence of past discursive practices are printed texts or interviews. In conclusion, Weitz responds to these critics.
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Hirsch, Francine. "Race without the Practice of Racial Politics." Slavic Review 61, no. 1 (2002): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2696979.
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Eric D. Weitz argues that the Soviet Union promoted the development of national institutions and consciousness and explicidy rejected the ideology of race. Yet traces of racial politics crept into Soviet nationalities policies, especially between 1937 and 1953. In the Stalin period particular populations were endowed with immutable traits that every member of the group possessed and that were passed from one generation to the next. Recent scholarship, he suggests, has been resistant to drawing out the racial elements in the Stalinist purges of certain nationalities. Francine Hirsch challenges Weitz’s argument, arguing that the Soviet regime had a developed concept of “race,” but did not practice what contemporaries thought of as “racial politics.” Hirsch argues that while the Nazi regime attempted to enact social change by racial means, the Soviet regime aspired to build socialism dirough die manipulation of mass (national and class) consciousness. She contends that it is imperative to analyze the conceptual categories that both regimes used in order to undertake a true comparative analysis. Weiner proposes that Soviet population politics constandy fluctuated between sociological and biological categorization. Although the Soviets often came close to adapting bioracial principles and practices, at no point did they let human heredity become a defining feature of political schemes. Race in the Soviet world applied mainly to concerns for the health of population groups. Despite the capacity to conduct genocidal campaigns and operate death camps, the Soviets never sought the physical extermination of entire groups nor did they stop celebrating the multiethnicity of tiieir polity. The radicalization of state violence in the postwar era was triggered by die nature and role of the war in the Soviet world, the alleged conduct of those who failed to rise to the occasion, and the endemic unstable and unassimilated borderlands, and not by die genetic makeup of the internal enemies. Alaina Lemon’s contribution suggests that scholars seek racialized concepts by treating discourse as situated practice, rather than by separating discourse from practice. This allows consideration of the ways people use language not only to name categories but also to point to social relationships (such as “race”) with or without explicidy naming them as such. Doing so, however, is admittedly more difficult when die only available evidence of past discursive practices are printed texts or interviews. In conclusion, Weitz responds to these critics.
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Weiner, Amir. "Nothing but Certainty." Slavic Review 61, no. 1 (2002): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2696980.
Full textAbstract:
Eric D. Weitz argues that the Soviet Union promoted the development of national institutions and consciousness and explicidy rejected the ideology of race. Yet traces of racial politics crept into Soviet nationalities policies, especially between 1937 and 1953. In the Stalin period particular populations were endowed with immutable traits that every member of the group possessed and that were passed from one generation to the next. Recent scholarship, he suggests, has been resistant to drawing out the racial elements in the Stalinist purges of certain nationalities. Francine Hirsch challenges Weitz’s argument, arguing that the Soviet regime had a developed concept of “race,” but did not practice what contemporaries thought of as “racial politics.” Hirsch argues that while the Nazi regime attempted to enact social change by racial means, the Soviet regime aspired to build socialism dirough die manipulation of mass (national and class) consciousness. She contends that it is imperative to analyze the conceptual categories that both regimes used in order to undertake a true comparative analysis. Weiner proposes that Soviet population politics constandy fluctuated between sociological and biological categorization. Although the Soviets often came close to adapting bioracial principles and practices, at no point did they let human heredity become a defining feature of political schemes. Race in the Soviet world applied mainly to concerns for the health of population groups. Despite the capacity to conduct genocidal campaigns and operate death camps, the Soviets never sought the physical extermination of entire groups nor did they stop celebrating the multiethnicity of tiieir polity. The radicalization of state violence in the postwar era was triggered by die nature and role of the war in the Soviet world, the alleged conduct of those who failed to rise to the occasion, and the endemic unstable and unassimilated borderlands, and not by die genetic makeup of the internal enemies. Alaina Lemon’s contribution suggests that scholars seek racialized concepts by treating discourse as situated practice, rather than by separating discourse from practice. This allows consideration of the ways people use language not only to name categories but also to point to social relationships (such as “race”) with or without explicidy naming them as such. Doing so, however, is admittedly more difficult when die only available evidence of past discursive practices are printed texts or interviews. In conclusion, Weitz responds to these critics.
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Lemon, Alaina. "Without a “Concept”? Race as Discursive Practice." Slavic Review 61, no. 1 (2002): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2696981.
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Eric D. Weitz argues that the Soviet Union promoted the development of national institutions and consciousness and explicidy rejected the ideology of race. Yet traces of racial politics crept into Soviet nationalities policies, especially between 1937 and 1953. In the Stalin period particular populations were endowed with immutable traits that every member of the group possessed and that were passed from one generation to the next. Recent scholarship, he suggests, has been resistant to drawing out the racial elements in the Stalinist purges of certain nationalities. Francine Hirsch challenges Weitz’s argument, arguing that the Soviet regime had a developed concept of “race,” but did not practice what contemporaries thought of as “racial politics.” Hirsch argues that while the Nazi regime attempted to enact social change by racial means, the Soviet regime aspired to build socialism dirough die manipulation of mass (national and class) consciousness. She contends that it is imperative to analyze the conceptual categories that both regimes used in order to undertake a true comparative analysis. Weiner proposes that Soviet population politics constandy fluctuated between sociological and biological categorization. Although the Soviets often came close to adapting bioracial principles and practices, at no point did they let human heredity become a defining feature of political schemes. Race in the Soviet world applied mainly to concerns for the health of population groups. Despite the capacity to conduct genocidal campaigns and operate death camps, the Soviets never sought the physical extermination of entire groups nor did they stop celebrating the multiethnicity of tiieir polity. The radicalization of state violence in the postwar era was triggered by die nature and role of the war in the Soviet world, the alleged conduct of those who failed to rise to the occasion, and the endemic unstable and unassimilated borderlands, and not by die genetic makeup of the internal enemies. Alaina Lemon’s contribution suggests that scholars seek racialized concepts by treating discourse as situated practice, rather than by separating discourse from practice. This allows consideration of the ways people use language not only to name categories but also to point to social relationships (such as “race”) with or without explicidy naming them as such. Doing so, however, is admittedly more difficult when die only available evidence of past discursive practices are printed texts or interviews. In conclusion, Weitz responds to these critics.
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Weitz, Eric D. "On Certainties and Ambivalencies: Reply to My Critics." Slavic Review 61, no. 1 (2002): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2696982.
Full textAbstract:
Eric D. Weitz argues that the Soviet Union promoted the development of national institutions and consciousness and explicidy rejected the ideology of race. Yet traces of racial politics crept into Soviet nationalities policies, especially between 1937 and 1953. In the Stalin period particular populations were endowed with immutable traits that every member of the group possessed and that were passed from one generation to the next. Recent scholarship, he suggests, has been resistant to drawing out the racial elements in the Stalinist purges of certain nationalities. Francine Hirsch challenges Weitz’s argument, arguing that the Soviet regime had a developed concept of “race,” but did not practice what contemporaries thought of as “racial politics.” Hirsch argues that while the Nazi regime attempted to enact social change by racial means, the Soviet regime aspired to build socialism dirough die manipulation of mass (national and class) consciousness. She contends that it is imperative to analyze the conceptual categories that both regimes used in order to undertake a true comparative analysis. Weiner proposes that Soviet population politics constandy fluctuated between sociological and biological categorization. Although the Soviets often came close to adapting bioracial principles and practices, at no point did they let human heredity become a defining feature of political schemes. Race in the Soviet world applied mainly to concerns for the health of population groups. Despite the capacity to conduct genocidal campaigns and operate death camps, the Soviets never sought the physical extermination of entire groups nor did they stop celebrating the multiethnicity of tiieir polity. The radicalization of state violence in the postwar era was triggered by die nature and role of the war in the Soviet world, the alleged conduct of those who failed to rise to the occasion, and the endemic unstable and unassimilated borderlands, and not by die genetic makeup of the internal enemies. Alaina Lemon’s contribution suggests that scholars seek racialized concepts by treating discourse as situated practice, rather than by separating discourse from practice. This allows consideration of the ways people use language not only to name categories but also to point to social relationships (such as “race”) with or without explicidy naming them as such. Doing so, however, is admittedly more difficult when die only available evidence of past discursive practices are printed texts or interviews. In conclusion, Weitz responds to these critics.
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Lesage, Alain D., and Michele Tansella. "Comprehensive Community Care without Long Stay Beds in Mental Hospitals: Trends from an Italian Good Practice Area." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 38, no. 3 (April 1993): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379303800307.
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Despite the scientific evidence that long stays in mental hospitals are clinically deleterious, inhumane and probably not cost-effective, this practice still occurs in most Western countries. The continued use of long stay beds in mental hospitals is a policy decided by many authorities, including psychiatrists. Alternatives to the mental hospital exist and may limit the use of hospital beds through comprehensive community care that also includes proper residential provisions. Alternatives may also decrease, but not impede the tendency to chronicity in some patients, who become long term users of these community services. Italy passed a law in 1978 prohibiting admissions to mental hospitals and encouraging the development of community care. In South Verona, Italy, the policy has been properly implemented and evaluated. Data from the case register and intensive studies of a cohort of patients will be used to show that long stay hospitalization can be discontinued while meeting the needs of the most severely handicapped patients. Implications of South Verona's experience for future training of psychiatrists will also be discussed.
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Rawat, Pooja, Pawan Kumar Singh, Supriya Ghorui, and Vipin Kumar. "Exploring Scientific Evidence of Grassroots' Traditional Medicinal Knowledge of Chhattisgarh, India, in Human Healthcare." Current Traditional Medicine 6, no. 3 (March 9, 2020): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2215083805666190807110908.
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<P>Background: The present study aims to portray the herbal practices commonly used by the locals of Chhattisgarh, India, for their primary healthcare needs and correlate them with the available scientific evidence. Since ancient times, herbs or plants have been an important part of the preventive and curative medications used in commonly across the globe. </P><P> Methods: Indian Traditional Medicines (ITM) can be categorized as Classical Health Traditions (CHT) like Ayurveda and Siddha and as Oral Heath Traditions (OHT). CHT are the codified forms of the medicinal system, whereas OHT exclusively encompass the undocumented form of knowledge, evolved through the experiences of their practitioners and passed on in improved form over the generations. This medicinal knowledge is prevalent in the rural and tribal areas due to non-accessibility and high cost of modern healthcare. Their importance is evident from the sustainable use over the years and the scientific studies supporting their medicinal potential. </P><P> Results: The present study aims to quantitatively analyse various plants and herbal preparations used by the tribals, traditional knowledge holders and grassroots innovators of Chhattisgarh, India, for the treatment of various human ailments. The study identified 81 practices belonging to 42 different plant families. Pain, inflammation and skin diseases were found to be the most prominent conditions. A large number of scientific studies have been conducted by researchers on the plants used by traditional knowledge holders to evaluate their potential in different animal models and/or clinical studies. Corroboration of traditional usage for 51% of the practices was found in the scientific literature. Of the total, only 20% of the traditional medicines were found to be clinically evaluated in human subjects. Active phyto-constituents were found to be identified in 12% of the cases. Many unexplored practices with no state of the art for particular indications were also found. </P><P> Conclusion: This study illustrates the potential and applicability of Indian traditional medicinal knowledge in disease management and utilization of these resources towards the development of better therapeutics.</P>
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Diekema, Anne R., Elizabeth (Betsy) S. Hopkins, Brandon Patterson, and Nena Schvaneveldt. "Using Information Practices of Nurses to Reform Information Literacy Instruction in Baccalaureate Nursing Programs." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 14, no. 4 (December 13, 2019): 72–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29588.
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Abstract
Objective - Seeking information is a key element of evidence based practice and successful healthcare delivery. Significant literature exists on both the information seeking behaviour of professional nurses and information literacy teaching methods, but scarce evidence connects nurses’ information behaviour and environments with their education. This study sought to use data from nursing alumni to answer the following research questions: What are the current information practices of professional bachelor’s-prepared nurses? How do recently-graduated nurses suggest that their education could have better prepared them to find and evaluate information in the workplace?
Methods - The researchers conducted a descriptive study using a 59-item survey instrument with a variety of question formats including short-answer, multiple choice, Likert, and open response. The researchers distributed the survey to baccalaureate nursing alumni who graduated in 2012-2017 from four universities in the state of Utah in the United States.
Results - Nurses seek practical information primarily to provide informed patient care, while also clarifying medical situations and expanding their health care knowledge. They frequently consult nursing colleagues and physicians when seeking information. The majority of nurses consult electronic health records daily. Respondents described time as the biggest barrier to accessing information. They requested authentic, clinically-focused scenarios, training on freely-accessible resources, and more explicit teaching of lifelong learning skills, such as critical thinking.
Conclusion - Information literacy education should prepare student nurses for the fast-paced information environment they will face in the workplace. This means incorporating more patient-focused scenarios, freely available quality resources, and time-based activities in their education. The researchers suggest areas to prepare nurses for information seeking, including problem-based clinical scenarios, building guides with databases accessible for free or little cost, and added emphasis on critical thinking and self-motivated learning.
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Holloway, Paul. ""Beguile your soul" (Sir xiv 16; xxx 23): An Epicurean eme in Ben Sira." Vetus Testamentum 58, no. 2 (2008): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853308x278671.
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AbstractDuring the Hellenistic period, the different philosophical schools developed different theories and techniques of consolation. Epicurean technique called for distracting the mourner by pleasant memories and was widely practiced, even by those who were not philosophical hedonists. The technique was altered slightly as it passed into popular use, where in it came to be conceived as a kind of mental dissimulation or even as a therapeutic "beguiling" of the mind by any of a number of pleasant distractions. This forms the likely background to Ben Sira's advice to those confronting death at xiv 16 and xxx 23 to "beguile your soul," an observation that provides further evidence of Ben Sira's contact with and measured appropriation of Hellenistic intellectual culture.
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Frankish, C. James, Brenda Kwan, Diane Gray, Andrea Simpson, and Nina Jetha. "Status report - Identifying equity-focussed interventions to promote healthy weights." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 37, no. 3 (March 2017): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.37.3.05.
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Introduction We developed screening criteria to identify population health interventions with an equity focus for inclusion on the Public Health Agency of Canada’s Canadian Best Practices Portal. We applied them to the area of “healthy weights,” specifically, obesity prevention. Methods We conducted a review of the literature and obtained input from expert external reviewers on changes to midstream environments. Interventions had to identify outcomes for groups with an underlying social disadvantage. We included papers with a focus on equity and vulnerable populations, intervention and/or evaluation studies, social determinants of health and healthy weights or obesity prevention. We then appraised the shortlisted studies for quality of evidence to determine eligibility for inclusion as promising practices on the Canadian Best Practices Portal. Results Few of the references reviewed passed the equity screening criteria (26 out of 2823 published papers reviewed, or 0.9%). Six (of the 26) interventions qualified as promising practices. Conclusion The ability of the equity screening criteria to distinguish midstream-level interventions for obesity prevention suggests that the criteria have potential to be applied to other public health topics. What is most important about our work is that the Portal, which is no longer being updated but is still accessible, was broadened to include interventions with a focus on equity.
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Chaves, José Afonso. "A PRÁTICA RELIGIOSA NA CIDADE SECULAR." PARALELLUS Revista de Estudos de Religião - UNICAP 10, no. 25 (April 15, 2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.25247/paralellus.2019.v10n25.p349-352.
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Já se passaram mais de cinquenta anos daquele conhecido prognóstico do teólogo americano Harvey Cox, em seu A cidade secular, que previa que no mundo de hoje, quando muita ciência e tecnologia estivessem introjetadas no cotidiano das pessoas, a prática religiosa seria residual, ao menos nos grandes centros urbanos. Para além das controvérsias que cercam as teorias em torno do processo de secularização/dessecularização, o que resulta evidente é que o fenômeno religioso continua de pé, atraindo muita gente ao redor do planeta e se reinventando cada vez mais. RELIGIOUS PRACTICE IN THE SECULAR CITYAbstractMore than fifty years have passed since that well-known prognosis of the American theologian Harvey Cox, in his The Secular City, which predicted that in today's world, when much science and technology were introjected into people's daily lives, religious practice would be residual, at least in large urban centers. In addition to the controversies surrounding the theories surrounding the process of secularization / desecularization, what is evident is that the religious phenomenon remains standing, attracting many people around the planet and reinventing itself more and more.
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Shapiro, E. Donald, and Stewart Reifler. "Forensic DNA Analysis and the United States Government." Medicine, Science and the Law 36, no. 1 (January 1996): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249603600109.
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All three branches of the United States Government are, directly or indirectly, promoting the use and judicial acceptance of forensic DNA analysis. In addition, the establishment of a US national DNA databank has been authorized. The US Congress has passed the ‘DNA Identification Act of 1994’, which provides, inter alia, funding to the states for developing and/or improving forensic laboratories capable of conducting DNA analysis, and also creates a framework for federal supervision of forensic DNA technology. Specifically, the Executive Branch, through the Department of Justice and particularly its Federal Bureau of Investigation, has been directed to develop standards and practices in order to speed the admissibility of forensic DNA analysis as scientifically acceptable evidence in US courts. Finally, the federal judiciary has been ordered by the US Supreme Court to abandon or modify the 70-year-old Frye standard, which the Federal courts previously used to determine whether scientific evidence is deemed admissible, a move that will directly impact the judicial acceptance of forensic DNA analysis in all federal courts and undoubtedly will affect the admissibility of DNA evidence in many American state courts.
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Jones, Sarah E., Penny K. Campbell, Alexander J. Kimp, Kim Bennell, Nadine E. Foster, Trevor Russell, and Rana S. Hinman. "Evaluation of a Novel e-Learning Program for Physiotherapists to Manage Knee Osteoarthritis via Telehealth: Qualitative Study Nested in the PEAK (Physiotherapy Exercise and Physical Activity for Knee Osteoarthritis) Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): e25872. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25872.
Full textAbstract:
Background The delivery of physiotherapy via telehealth could provide more equitable access to services for patients. Videoconference-based telehealth has been shown to be an effective and acceptable mode of service delivery for exercise-based interventions for chronic knee pain; however, specific training in telehealth is required for physiotherapists to effectively and consistently deliver care using telehealth. The development and evaluation of training programs to upskill health care professionals in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) has also been identified as an important priority to improve OA care delivery. Objective This study aims to explore physiotherapists’ experiences with and perceptions of an e-learning program about best practice knee OA management (focused on a structured program of education, exercise, and physical activity) that includes telehealth delivery via videoconferencing. Methods We conducted a qualitative study using individual semistructured telephone interviews, nested within the Physiotherapy Exercise and Physical Activity for Knee Osteoarthritis randomized controlled trial, referred to as the PEAK trial. A total of 15 Australian physiotherapists from metropolitan and regional private practices were interviewed following the completion of an e-learning program. The PEAK trial e-learning program involved self-directed learning modules, a mock video consultation with a researcher (simulated patient), and 4 audited practice video consultations with pilot patients with chronic knee pain. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were thematically analyzed. Results A total of five themes (with associated subthemes) were identified: the experience of self-directed e-learning (physiotherapists were more familiar with in-person learning; however, they valued the comprehensive, self-paced web-based modules. Unwieldy technological features could be frustrating); practice makes perfect (physiotherapists benefited from the mock consultation with the researcher and practice sessions with pilot patients alongside individualized performance feedback, resulting in confidence and preparedness to implement new skills); the telehealth journey (although inexperienced with telehealth before training, physiotherapists were confident and able to deliver remote care following training; however, they still experienced some technological challenges); the whole package (the combination of self-directed learning modules, mock consultation, and practice consultations with pilot patients was felt to be an effective learning approach, and patient information booklets supported the training package); and impact on broader clinical practice (training consolidated and refined existing OA management skills and enabled a switch to telehealth when the COVID-19 pandemic affected in-person clinical care). Conclusions Findings provide evidence for the perceived effectiveness and acceptability of an e-learning program to train physiotherapists (in the context of a clinical trial) on best practice knee OA management, including telehealth delivery via videoconferencing. The implementation of e-learning programs to upskill physiotherapists in telehealth appears to be warranted, given the increasing adoption of telehealth service models for the delivery of clinical care.
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Nwanganga, Melinda, Jean Cadet, and Jochebed Ade-Oshifogun. "Effects of Pediatric Emergence Delirium Education on Analgesic Administration by PACU Nurses: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Studies in Nursing 5, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ijsn.v5i1.720.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Emergence delirium (ED) is a behavioral disturbance as a result of general anesthesia that commonly occurs in pediatric patients. Adverse effects of ED lead to a complicated recovery from anesthesia leading to the increased use of sedatives and analgesics. Due to the multiple ramifications of ED, PACU nurses need to provide appropriate care to promote a safe recovery process from anesthesia while avoiding unnecessary use of analgesics. The Pediatric Assessment Emergence Delirium (PAED) tool has been successfully utilized in recognizing ED in PACU. Purpose: The purpose of this evidence-based practice project was to educate PACU nurses about the use of the PAED tool, and explore the post-education effect on the nurses’ use of analgesics in the immediate post-op period. Method: This project utilized a pre- and post- interventional study design. Twenty-eight charts of pediatric post-op patients were screened pre-intervention for analgesic use. An educational session on ED and instruction on the use of the PAED tool were provided to PACU nurses. After six weeks, 24 charts were reviewed for analgesic administration. The results of pre and post analgesic use were compared by using Fisher’s exact test of independence. Results: Findings revealed an overall non-significant decrease in analgesic use from 21% (n=6) to 17% (n=4) between pre-intervention and post-intervention groups (x2 = 0.189, p = .47), though a decrease in the use of stadol was observed from 11% (n=3) to 0%. Conclusion: ED education with PAED use has the potential to influence PACU nurses’ usage of analgesics. Follow up studies with larger sample sizes are needed to explore such an influence further.
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Patel, Chloe, Eleni Karasouli, Emma Shuttlewood, and Caroline Meyer. "Food Parenting Practices among Parents with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 1966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121966.
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Given the links between parental obesity and eating psychopathology in their children, it is important to understand the mechanisms via which unhealthy relationships with eating are passed from generation to generation. The aim was to review research focusing on food-related parenting practices (FPPs) used by parents with overweight/obesity. Web of Science, PubMed and PsycINFO were searched. Studies that included a measure of FPPs were considered eligible and were required to have examined FPPs by parental weight status. Twenty studies were included. Single studies suggest differences between parents with healthy-weight vs. overweight/obesity with respect to; food accessibility, food availability and modelling. Multiple studies suggest that several parenting strategies do not differ according to parental weight status (child involvement, praise, use of food to control negative emotions, use of food-based threats and bribes, pressure, restriction, meal and snack routines, monitoring, and rules and limits). There was inconclusive evidence with respect to differences in parental control, encouragement and use of unstructured FPPs among parents with healthy-weight vs. overweight/obesity. The findings of this review imply some differences between parents with overweight/obesity and healthy-weight and the use of some food-related parenting practices, however, they should be interpreted with caution since research remains limited and is generally methodologically weak. The review highlights opportunities for further research, and suggests improvements to current measures of FPPs.
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Chen, Anthony S., Robert W. Mickey, and Robert P. Van Houweling. "Explaining the Contemporary Alignment of Race and Party: Evidence from California's 1946 Ballot Initiative on Fair Employment." Studies in American Political Development 22, no. 2 (2008): 204–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x08000084.
Full textAbstract:
Why do most African Americans and other racial liberals vote Democratic, whereas most racial conservatives—largely whites—vote Republican? To what extent is this alignment of race and party attributable to the strategic choice of GOP elites to take the party in a racially conservative direction during the mid-1960s? This paper exploits a little-known ballot initiative in postwar California to shed light on the question. Proposition 11, as it was known, would have outlawed discrimination in employment if it had passed. Instead, it failed by more than a two-to-one margin. Drawing on archival and statistical evidence, including the ecological analysis of precinct-level election returns, we find that Republican voters were much more likely than Democratic voters to oppose Proposition 11, despite Republican Governor Earl Warren's well-known support for fair employment practices (FEP) legislation. We conclude that many Republican voters tended strongly toward racial conservatism well before Republican elites decided to pursue racially conservative policies in the mid-1960s. We suggest that the emergence of the contemporary alignment of race and party may have been less contingent on elite strategy and more structurally determined than the conventional wisdom allows.
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Veitch, David. "One province, one healthcare system: A decade of healthcare transformation in Alberta." Healthcare Management Forum 31, no. 5 (August 22, 2018): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470418794272.
Full textAbstract:
Nearly a decade has passed since Alberta folded nine regional health authorities and three government agencies into one province-wide health system: Alberta Health Services (AHS). Deemed a reckless experiment by some at the time, there is now mounting evidence province-wide integration of services across the healthcare continuum is an enabler of improved quality, safety, and financial sustainability. The article highlights specific examples of how AHS is strengthening partnerships, standardizing best practices, and driving innovation, making Alberta a national and international leader in areas such as stroke care and potentially inappropriate use of antipsychotics in long-term care. It also shows how province-wide integration is being leveraged to build workplace culture, enhance patient safety, and find operational efficiencies that result in cost savings and cost avoidance.