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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Evolution (Biology) – Research'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Losseau-Hoebeke, Michèle. "The biology of four haplochromine species of Lake Kivu (Zaïre) with evolutionary implications." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005082.

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Four species were selected within the littoral of Tshegera Island, and include H. astatodon, H. olivaceus, H. crebridens and H. paucidens. These species, identified on basis of the SMRS, express their individuality most strongly with respect to dentition, breeding colours, normal habitat and preferred breeding territory. All four species are maternal mouthbrooders. This reproductive strategy is characterized by complete division of labour and polygamy. Breeding males compete for optimal territories and ready to spawn females. They are characterized by fast growth, large size and overall low co

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2

Struck, Travis Jared, and Travis Jared Struck. "Research Effort and Evolutionary Properties of Genes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621183.

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Recent research effort (measured in number of publications) on genes is biased towards genes that have been studied heavily in the past. Some factors for why this occurs is that many of these historically studied genes are important for survival or there are more tools available that make genetic studies of them much more accessible. Studies of research effort on \textit{Saccharomyces cerevisiae} genes characterized with genetic or protein interactions found that there is an aversion to studying lesser-known genes in networks. As well, in a study of three human protein families, many of the ge

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3

Paul, Reeba. "Molecular Evolution of CTL Epitopes in HIV-1: Understanding Geographic Variations." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1471438387.

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4

Saha, Mandal Arnab. "Computational Analysis of the Evolution of Non-Coding Genomic Sequences." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1372349811.

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5

Loh, Yong-Hwee Eddie. "Genetic variation in fast-evolving East African cichlid fishes: an evolutionary perspective." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41148.

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Cichlid fishes from the East African Rift lakes Victoria, Tanganyika and Malawi represent a preeminent example of replicated and rapid evolutionary radiation. In this single natural system, numerous morphological (eg. jaw and tooth shape, color patterns, visual sensitivity), behavioral (eg. bower-building) and physiological (eg. development, neural patterning) phenotypes have emerged, much akin to a mutagenic screen. This dissertation encompasses three studies that seek to decipher the underpinnings of such rapid evolutionary diversification, investigated via the genetic variation in East Afri

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6

Doherty, Alison H. "The Skeletal Biology of Hibernating Woodchucks (Marmota monax)." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1355252380.

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Sylvester, Jonathan Blaylock. "Brain diversity develops early: a study on the role of patterning on vertebrate brain evolution." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42744.

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The brain has been one of the central foci in studies of vertebrate evolution. Work in East African cichlids and other emerging fish models like the Mexican cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus) offer new insight on the role of patterning on brain evolution. These fish can be grouped into two major categories according to habitat; for cichlids it is rock-dwelling (known locally as mbuna) and sand-dwelling (non-mbuna) lineage. The brain development of mbuna versus non-mbuna is defined by changes in gene deployment working along the dorsal/ventral (DV) and anterior/posterior (AP) neuraxes, respectively.

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8

Weber, Zachary Thomas. "Applications of ctDNA Genomic Profiling to Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586787923790178.

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9

Nam, Bora. "EVOLUTION OF EQUINE ARTERITIS VIRUS DURING PERSISTENT INFECTION IN THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF THE STALLION AND THE MALE DONKEY." UKnowledge, 2017. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/34.

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Equine arteritis virus (EAV) establishes persistent infection in the stallion reproductive tract, and the carrier stallion continues to shed virus in semen for weeks to years or lifelong. The objective of this study was to elucidate the intra-host evolution of EAV during persistent infection in stallions. Seven EAV seronegative stallions were experimentally infected with EAV KY84 strain and followed for 726 days post-infection, and sequential clinical samples including semen were collected for virus isolation and next-generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, archived sequential semen samples

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10

Anderson, Michael Gareth. "Evolutionary interactions of brood parasites and their hosts : recognition, communication and breeding biology : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1167.

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Obligate brood parasites lay their eggs in nests of other species, relying on these host parents to care for their offspring. This phenomenon has been a curiosity amongst researchers since its first description and has become a model study system for testing such ideas as coevolution and species recognition. This thesis examines a few of the many questions that arise from this breeding system. The New Zealand Grey Warbler (Gerygone igata) and its brood parasite, the Shining Cuckoo (Chrysococcyx lucidus) are used as the main study species, although research on the eviction behaviour of Common C

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11

Li, Feng. "Evaluating High School Biology Modeling Instruction in South Florida: A Comparative Case Study." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3522.

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The dissertation, with a collected papers approach, focused on evaluating the implementation of MI curriculum in high school Biology I classes in south Florida. The dissertation included the development and validation of the Biology Identity and Persistence Survey (BIPS), the connection of instructors’ teaching practices with students’ biology identities, evolution identities, and career aspirations, and the connection of instructors’ teaching practice with students’ conceptual understanding in evolution. In the first part of the dissertation study, the BIPS was validated through expert review

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12

Khojayori, Farahnoz N. "Floral symmetry genes elucidate the development and evolution of oil-bee pollinated flowers of Malpighiaceae and Krameriaceae." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5585.

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Specialization on insect and animal pollinators is thought to be the driving force for the evolution of floral traits. Specifically in the New World (NW), the oil-bee pollination syndrome has led to the convergence of floral characters in two distantly related families of core eudicots, Malpighiaceae and Krameriaceae. Both families display a flag-like structure that establishes a zygomorphic flower and floral oil rewards in epithelial elaiophores. These traits work concomitantly to attract and reward female oil-bees that help fertilize these flowers and in return receive oils. The underlying g

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13

Prakash, Ashwin. "Evolution and Function of Compositional Patterns in Mammalian Genomes." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1321301839.

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14

Schmechel, Frances A. "Aspects of habitat selection, population dynamics, and breeding biology in the endangered Chatham Island oystercatcher (Haematopus chathamensis)." Lincoln University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1814.

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In the late 1980s the endangered Chatham Island oystercatcher (Haematopus chathamensis) (CIO) was estimated at less than 110 individuals. Endemic to the Chatham Islands, New Zealand, it was feared to be declining and, based on existing productivity estimates, in danger of extinction within 50-70 years. These declines were thought to be caused by numerous changes since the arrival of humans, including the introduction of several terrestrial predators, the establishment of marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) which changes dune profiles, and increased disturbance along the coastline. The New Zealan

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15

McPhee, Scott William John. "Phenotypic characterisation of the tremor mutant and AAV mediated aspartoacylase gene transfer in the rat model of Canavan disease." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3136372.

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The doctoral studies described in this thesis involve the phenotypic characterization of the tremor rat, an animal model of Canavan disease, and a proof of principle gene transfer study in this model. The phenotype of the tremor rat is examined at the genetic, molecular, cellular, neurochemical, physical and behavioural levels, and tremor mutants are described within the context of Canavan disease. Tremor mutants appear to share many phenotypes with both human patients and to the knock-out mouse model. The deletion of aspartoacylase results in a total loss of the capacity to metabolize N-acety

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16

Wragg, Graham. "The comparative biology of Fluttering shearwater and Hutton's shearwater and their relationship to other shearwater species." Lincoln College, University of Canterbury, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1635.

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The discovery and taxonomic history of fluttering shearwater (Puffinus gavia (Forster) and Hutton's shearwater (Puffinus huttoni Mathews) are reviewed. Taxonomic theory, where appropriate to this thesis, is discussed. The external morphology of P. gavia and P. huttoni is compared. No single external measurement or plumage character separates more than 60% of birds examined. The best system of identification is to compare the ratio of different body parts within an individual bird. The distribution of P. gavia and P. huttoni is compared. Hutton's shearwater feeds further out to sea and it is be

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17

Favara, David M. "The biology of ELTD1/ADGRL4 : a novel regulator of tumour angiogenesis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0d00af0a-bb43-44bc-ba0b-1f8acbe34bc5.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Our laboratory identified ELTD1, an orphan GPCR belonging to the adhesion GPCR family (aGPCR), as a novel regulator of angiogenesis and a potential anti-cancer therapeutic target. ELTD1 is normally expressed in both endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells and expression is significantly increased in the tumour vasculature. The aim of this project was to analyse ELTD1's function in endothelial cells and its role in breast cancer. <strong>Method:</strong> 62 sequenced vertebrate genomes were interrogated for ELTD1 conservation and domain alterations. A phy

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18

Care, Debbie Anne. "Effect of some external factors on root hair demography in Trifolium repens L. and Lolium perenne L." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9940677.

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Light microscopy, low ionic strength solution culture and image analysis methods were used to make detailed measurements on root hair populations of different genotypes of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). A model of root hair population structure was developed and validated that will facilitate research on root hairs of these species. Diagrams were drawn of the root hair length and frequency on entire root systems. The distributions of root hairs on these diagrams often differed from textbook diagrams of root hairs because root hair length and frequency v

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19

Braidwood, Jasmine. "Breeding biology and threats to the blue penguin (Eudyptula minor) in South Westland, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1556.

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The Blue Penguin (Eudyptula minor) is assumed to be declining over much of its range, largely due to introduced predators. Anecdotal evidence suggests that one of the areas of declining population is the West Coast of the South Island. The purpose of this study was to determine the reasons for the assumed decline of blue penguins in South Westland. This was done by studying breeding ecology at several blue penguin colonies to assess the importance of breeding success and adult mortality on the penguin population. Three blue penguin colonies in South Westland, at Five Mile and Three Mile beache

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20

Dalebout, Merel Louise. "Species identity, genetic diversity, and molecular systematic relationships among the Ziphiidae (beaked whales)." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3083930.

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Beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) are one of the least known of all mammalian groups. The majority of species have been described from only a handful of specimens. Found in deep ocean waters, these species are widespread and often sexually dimorphic. Little is known of intra-specific variation in morphology, and many species are very similar in external appearance. A reference database of mitochondrial DNA sequences was compiled for all 20 recognised ziphiid species to aid in species identification. All reference sequences were derived from validated specimens, which were often represented only

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21

Choudhury, Anika Nawar. "Utilizing bacteriophage to evolve antibiotic susceptibility in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1626570706534933.

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22

Zirkle, Dexter. "The Development of the Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine: A Comparative Analysis Among Hominids and African Apes." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1427206046.

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23

Lloyd, Davidson A. "The effect of forest to pasture conversion on soil biological diversity and function." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/711.

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Recent declines in returns from primary forest products in New Zealand and projected increases in world food prices have led to the land-use conversion from plantation forest to pastoral farming in many lowland areas. After decades of forest cover the soils are in many cases less than adequate for pastoral farming, as they are acidic, with toxic levels of exchangeable aluminum, and contain low levels of available nitrogen (N), very high carbon (C):N ratio, and are devoid of earthworms and structural integrity. Overcoming the major site limitations of low soil pH and available N was a major pri

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24

DUARTE, Kedma Batista. "Programação Genética Aplicada no Processo de Descoberta de Conhecimento em Bases de Dados de Redes de Pesquisa." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/964.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:08:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Kedma Batista Duarte.pdf: 2986348 bytes, checksum: b08f936c5937365d2b7493f4db0f0b88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-20<br>The Genetic Programming (GP) is a heuristic algorithm for Data Mining (DM), which can be applied to the classification task. This is a method of evolutionary computing inspired in the mechanisms of natural selection theory of Charles Darwin, declared in 1859 in his book "The Origin of Species." From an initial population, the method search over a number of generations to find solution

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25

Raboin, Michael J. "The genus Caenorhabditis : a system for testing evolutionary questions." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30215.

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Caenorhabditis elegans is arguably the best understood animal on the planet. Used for over 50 years to study development, we have a vast amount of knowledge of the inner workings of this worm. Our knowledge is incomplete, however, without placing this organism in its evolutionary and ecological context. In this body of work, I focused on examining the evolutionary forces shaping Caenorhabditis nematodes, with a particular emphasis on C. briggsae. In the first part, I examined the evolution of mitochondrial genomes throughout the genus. I tested for signatures of selection and examined the evol

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Tinsman, Jen Casey. "Geospatial and genomic tools for conserving the Critically Endangered blue-eyed black lemur (Eulemur flavifrons) and the sportive lemurs (genus Lepilemur)." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-g3hy-h580.

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Madagascar’s lemurs are the most endangered group of mammals in the world, with 94% of species threatened with extinction. Forest loss is one the greatest threat to these arboreal primates, but hunting, habitat degradation, and climate change also threaten their survival. Lemurs are a diverse group of more than 100 species; and their ecological traits shape how species respond to anthropogenic pressure. Incorporating knowledge of species’ ecological niches and evolutionary histories can contextualize threats and improve conservation assessments. In this dissertation, I investigate what constit

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Meintjes, Peter L. "The evolution of coopeation: insights from experimental populations of Pseudomonas fluorescens." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/4229.

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The field of experimental evolution is burgeoning under the power of microbial systems. Our ability to manipulate experimental design for use with microbes is only limited by our imagination. This thesis is a study that uses Pseudomonas fluorescens, a soil dwelling bacterium, as an experimental tool for understanding evolutionary processes. The evolution of cooperation has been a thorny issue for many years, because it initially seems to contradict the intrinsically selfish concepts established in Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. Advances in microbiology and the ability to te

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28

"Beyond Reductionism and Emergence: A Study of the Epistemic Practices in Gene Expression Research." Doctoral diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.40715.

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abstract: A central task for historians and philosophers of science is to characterize and analyze the epistemic practices in a given science. The epistemic practice of a science includes its explanatory goals as well as the methods used to achieve these goals. This dissertation addresses the epistemic practices in gene expression research spanning the mid-twentieth century to the twenty-first century. The critical evaluation of the standard historical narratives of the molecular life sciences clarifies certain philosophical problems with respect to reduction, emergence, and representation, an

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"The Aims and Structures of Research Projects That Use Gene Regulatory Information with Evolutionary Genetic Models." Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.42047.

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abstract: At the interface of developmental biology and evolutionary biology, the very criteria of scientific knowledge are up for grabs. A central issue is the status of evolutionary genetics models, which some argue cannot coherently be used with complex gene regulatory network (GRN) models to explain the same evolutionary phenomena. Despite those claims, many researchers use evolutionary genetics models jointly with GRN models to study evolutionary phenomena. How do those researchers deploy those two kinds of models so that they are consistent and compatible with each other? To address

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Jeffs, Andrew. "Reproductive Biology and Early Life History of the Chilean Oyster, with Special Reference to Populations in Northern New Zealand." 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/489.

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The Chilean oyster, Tiostrea chilensis, is a commercially important species that is native to New Zealand and the Pacific Coast of South America. The description of the variability in life history characteristics among populations of the Chilean oyster is fundamental to understanding its biology and may help in solving some of the problems encountered in culturing this species. Research presented in this thesis describes some aspects of the reproductive biology of the Chilean oyster from four populations, mainly in northern New Zealand, and compares the results with previous studies from elsew

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31

Hills, Simon Francis Kahu. "Evolution in a marine gastropod : rocks, clocks, DNA and diversity : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Evolutionary Biology." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1628.

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Comprehensive integration of paleontological and molecular data remains a sought-after goal of evolutionary research. This thesis presents a dataset unlike any previously studied to document changes over time in the evolutionary history of the New Zealand marine mollusc genus Alcithoe. In order to study evolutionary relationships in the Alcithoe, DNA sequence of approximately 8Kb of mitochondrial DNA was generated using universal and newly developed PCR primers. The gene composition of the resulting sequences has been thoroughly analysed, using a novel splits-based approach, to gain a clear un

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Tyler, Michael J. 1937. "The biology and systematics of frogs : contributions submitted to The University of Adelaide / by Michael J. Tyler." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/38581.

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Vol. [2] comprises 6 reprints of published monographs in box folder; but numbered within the publications submitted listing (90 items), and within the 3 categories identified; at the beginning of vol. 1.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>2 v. (various pagings) :<br>Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.<br>Comprises 90 contributions to the biology and systematics of frogs, with particular emphasis upon those concerning the fauna of Australia and New Guinea. Provides an understanding of the state of knowledge

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Jockel, Dylan. "Patterns of Morphological Plasticity in Metriaclima zebra and Danio rerio Suggest Differently Canalized Phenotypes Due to Form-Function Relationships." 2019. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/837.

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In order to ascertain the degree of compatibility in developmental restructuring and behavioral plasticity between two fish species frequently made subject of laboratory research (Metriaclima zebra & Danio rerio), alternative trophic niche exposure experiments utilizing novel three-prong feeding treatments were conducted to obtain morphometric data, which demonstrated both species do bear some degree of plasticity. The results are somewhat complicated by differences in locality of detectable restructuring, which may be due to disparity in the form-function relationship for each species’ lineag

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34

Knapp, Michael. "Discontinuous distributions of iconic New Zealand plant taxa and their implications for southern hemisphere biogeography : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Biology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1594.

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Content removed due to copyright restriction: Knapp M., Stockler K., Havell D., Delsuc F., Sebastiani F. & Lockhart P.J. (2005) Relaxed molecular clock provides evidence for long-distance dispersal of Nothofagus (southern beech). Plos biology 3(1), 38-43<br>New Zealand has long been regarded as a key to understanding discontinuous distributions in the Southern Hemisphere. The archipelago is a fragment of the ancient super continent Gondwana. It has been isolated for 80 million years, has an excellent fossil record, and some of its most ancient biota such as the Southern Beeches (Nothofagus) an

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Van, Winkel Dylan. "Efficiency of techniques for post-translocation monitoring of the Duvaucel's gecko (Hoplodactylus duvaucelii) and evidence of native avian predation on lizards : a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Conservation Biology, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/758.

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Translocation of threatened reptile species to pest-free offshore islands is one of the most important conservation management tools available in New Zealand. However, a limited knowledge of how an animal responds to translocation and what factors threaten their survival prevails. Post-translocation monitoring is crucial and may help explain the reasons for translocation failure, but only if monitoring techniques are effective in detecting animals postrelease. This thesis documents the post-release response of two small populations of Duvaucel’s geckos (Hoplodactylus duvaucelii) using radio-te

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Barr, Benjamin Philip. "Spatial ecology, habitat use, and the impacts of rats on chevron skinks (Oligosoma homalonotum) on Great Barrier Island : a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Conservation Biology, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1210.

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The chevron skink (Oligosoma homalonotum) is one of the largest, yet least observed skink species in New Zealand. The species was thought to have once been widespread in Northern New Zealand, however currently it is only found on Great Barrier and Little Barrier Islands. Great Barrier Island is the apparent stronghold for the species although it appears to be in decline there, despite a net increase in habitat. Recent studies have increased the understanding of the general ecology of the species, however little is known about the threats to the survival of this species. This study had two main

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Wellenreuther, Maren. "Ecological factors associated with speciation in New Zealand triplefin fishes (Family Tripterygiidae)." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/407.

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Theoretical research has demonstrated that ecological interactions in sympatry or parapatry can generate disruptive selection that in concert with assortative mating can lead to speciation. However, empirical examples are few and restricted to terrestrial and lacustrine systems. New Zealand triplefin fishes (Family Tripterygiidae) are an ideal model system to study speciation in the sea, as they conform to the criteria of an adaptive radiation, being philopatric, speciose and abundant, and having largely sympatric distributions. This thesis investigates two key aspects of the New Zealand tripl

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Freeman, Debbie. "The ecology of spiny lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) on fished and unfished reefs." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3363.

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Knowledge of the interactions among species and communities is vital for their management and protection. Increasingly, the role of marine protected areas in this regard is being recognised, primarily because of the potential for previously-harvested species to increase in density and biomass, and the linkages among species to be restored. Monitoring and research was conducted within and surrounding two marine reserves on the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand – Te Tapuwae o Rongokako, near Gisborne, and Te Angiangi, south of Napier. The aim was to describe the biological charact

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