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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Evolution – Methodology'
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1
Elamvazuthi, Chandran. "The evolution of the PCSC methodology and its toolset." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296816.
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Veeger, Anne Isabella 1961. "Geochemical methods for evaluating the origin and evolution of ground water in volcanic rocks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191168.
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A broad-based geochemical approach, including chemical and isotopic analyses of ground water, chemical analysis of aquifer materials, and laboratory water-rock experiments, was used to evaluate the origin and chemical evolution of ground water on La Palma, a volcanic island in the Canary Archipelago. Stable isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and sulfur were successfully used to delineate recharge zones and identify solute sources. Laboratory study of water-rock interactions established the source of solutes and the nature of the chemical reactions that control ground-water chemistry. Most ground water on La Palma originates in a recharge zone that encircles the island from 500 to 1800 meters above sea level. Dry fallout and seaspray are minor sources of solutes, however, evaporative concentration during recharge may produce elevated chloride levels in some portions of the island. Laboratory water-rock experiments and ground-water analyses indicate that incongruent dissolution of aluminosilicate minerals is the dominant process of solute acquisition. The geochemical evolution of most waters is controlled by the availability of dissolved carbon dioxide gas. However, oxidation of pyrite enhances the reactivity of ground water in some portions of the island. Waters in the early phases of chemical evolution appear to be in equilibrium with a kaolinite alteration product, whereas more mineralized waters have compositions consistent with smectite equilibrium. Zones or compartments of ground-water flow were delineated by classifying sampling sites into geochemically distinct groups. Eight distinct zones of ground-water flow were identified using these criteria, including superimposed but hydrologically separate flow paths.
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Kuvaja, P. (Pasi). "Software process capability and maturity determination:BOOTSTRAP methodology and its evolution." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526200309.
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Abstract Software process assessment and improvement came under the spotlight in the discussion of software engineering when the Software Engineering Institute published the maturity model for software process capability determination in 1987. Since then, several new approaches and standards have been developed. This thesis introduces a European software process assessment and improvement methodology called BOOTSTRAP, which was initially developed in an ESPRIT project starting from lean and kaizen philosophy. The focus is on the evolution of methodology and how it was developed, using an experimental research approach. The work covers also enhancements to the methodology investigated in the SPICE, PROFES and TAPISTRY projects. The enhancements expand the original methodology into new specific application areas, keep it compliant with new quality standards and certification, improve the efficiency of the assessment method, enhance the focus from process to product and strengthen improvement monitoring and support. To address these areas, the new BOOTSTRAP methodology releases offer tailored and enhanced assessment reference models and enhanced assessment and improvement methods. The new features also facilitate more frequent and even continuous assessments with software measurement-based indicators. The thesis explains the origin and features of BOOTSTRAP software process assessment and improvement methodology and how it was developed for professional use. The discussion starts with the evolution of the methodology. Then the new trends and demands are introduced and new features of the BOOTSTRAP methodology described. The conclusion discusses how the methodology developed to be able successfully to support professional software process assessment, to align it with the evolution of software engineering, to adopt the features and requirements of the underlying standards in order to conform to the requirements set by ISO 15504 standard and to become validated in practiceTiivistelmä Ohjelmistoprosessin arvioinnista ja parantamisesta tuli ohjelmistotekniikan keskeinen kiinnostuksen kohde kun Carnegie-Mellon yliopiston ohjelmistotekniikan instituutti SEI julkaisi kypsyysmallinsa ohjelmistoprosessin kyvykkyyden arviointiin vuonna 1987. Siitä lähtien maailmalla on syntynyt lukuisa määrä uusia malleja ja standardeja tälle alueelle. Tässä väitöskirjassa esitellään eurooppalainen ohjelmistoprosessin arviointi- ja parantamismenetelmä BOOTSTRAP, joka kehitettiin alun perin Euroopan unionin ESPRIT tutkimusohjelman rahoittamassa projektissa lähtien japanilaisesta ohut-ajattelusta (Lean) ja sen jatkuvan parantamisen periaatteesta (Kaizen). Esitys keskittyy menetelmän kehittymiseen ja siihen miten menetelmä käytännössä kehitettiin käyttäen kokeellista tutkimustapaa teollisessa ympäristössä. Työ kattaa myös alkuperäiseen menetelmään tehdyt laajennukset, jotka syntyivät yhteistyössä SPICE, PROFES ja TAPISTRY projekteissa tehdyn tutkimuksen tuloksena. Tehdyt laajennukset mahdollistavat menetelmän käytön uusilla sovellusalueilla, takaavat menetelmän yhteensopivuuden alan laatu- ja sertifiointistandardien kanssa, parantavat menetelmän tehokkuutta, laajentavat menetelmän käyttöaluetta prosessin arvioinnista sisältämään myös tuotteen kehittämisen arvioinnin ja vahvistavat parantamisen seurantaa ja tukemista. Toteuttaakseen näiden uusien ominaisuuksien vaatimukset uudet BOOTSTRAP menetelmän julkistukset tarjoavat räätälöityjä ja laajennettuja mallikuvauksia arviointien tekemiseksi sekä entistä täydellisempiä lähestymistapoja arviointien suorittamiselle ja parantamiselle. Menetelmän uudet ominaisuudet mahdollistavat myös usein toistuvien arviointien suorittamisen ja jopa jatkuvan arvioinnin ohjelmisto-mittauksia hyödyntäen. Väitöskirjassa kuvataan yksityiskohtaisesti BOOTSTRAP menetelmän lähtö-kohdat ja ominaisuudet ja se kuinka menetelmä onnistuttiin kehittämään ammattimaiseen ohjelmistoprosessin arviointiin ja parantamiseen sopivaksi. Ensin kuvataan menetelmän kehittyminen ja sitten edetään alan uusien kehitystrendien ja vaatimusten esittelyyn siihen kuinka BOOTSTRAP menetelmä uudet ominaisuudet vastaavat näihin vaatimuksiin. Yhteenvedossa osoitetaan kuinka kehittämisessä onnistuttiin saamaan aikaan uusi menetelmä, joka sopii ammattimaiseen ohjelmistoprosessin arviointiin, vastaa kaikilta osin alan kehittymisen vaatimuksia, sisältää alan standardien vaatimukset täyttävät käytännössä koestetut ominaisuudet, jotka takaavat menetelmän vastaavuuden ISO 15504 standardin vaatimuksiin
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Cunha, Gabriel Oliva Costa. "Hayek and complexity: coordination, evolution and methodology in social adaptive systems." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-06072016-152628/.
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The affinity between the work of the Austrian economist Friedrich A. Hayek and the approach of Complexity Economics is widely recognized by the literature. In spite of this, there still is a lack of studies that seek to analyze in depth the relationship between Hayek and complexity. This dissertation is a contribution to the filling of this large gap in the literature. In the first part of the work, we analyze the various periods in the development of Hayek\'s vision of complexity, showing that this vision is strongly present in his works on knowledge, competition, methodology, evolution, and spontaneous order. In the second part, we explore how Hayek was influenced by two of the main precursors of modern complexity theory - cybernetics and general system theory - from the time he was working on his book on theoretical psychology, The Sensory Order (1952), until the end of his intellectual career.A afinidade entre a obra do economista austríaco Friedrich A. Hayek e a abordagem da Economia e Complexidade é amplamente reconhecida pela literatura. Apesar disso, ainda há grande carência de estudos que busquem analisar de forma aprofundada a relação entre Hayek e a complexidade. Esta dissertação é uma contribuição para o preenchimento dessa grande lacuna na literatura. Na primeira parte do trabalho, os diversos períodos no desenvolvimento da visão de complexidade de Hayek são analisados, evidenciando-se como tal visão está fortemente presente em seus trabalhos sobre conhecimento, competição, metodologia, evolução e ordem espontânea. Na segunda parte, exploramos como Hayek foi influenciado por dois dos principais precursores da moderna teoria da complexidade - a cibernética e a teoria geral do sistema - desde o período em que estava trabalhando no seu livro sobre psicologia teórica, The Sensory Order (1952), até o final de sua carreira intelectual.
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Cencerrado, Barraqué Andrés. "Methodology for time response and quality assessment in natural hazards evolution prediction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284023.
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En aquesta tesi doctoral es descriu una metodologia per a l’evaluació del temps de resposta i
la qualitat en la predicció de l’evolució d’emergències mediambientals. El treball s’ha centrat
en el cas específic dels incendis forestals, com un dels desastres naturals més importants i
devastadors, però és facilment extrapol·lable a altre tipus d’emèrgencies mediambientals.
Existeixen molts entorns de predicció que es basen en l’ús de simuladors de l’evolució del
fenòmen catastròfic. Donat el creixent poder quant a capacitat de cómput que ens ofereixen
els nous progressos computacionals, com les arquitectures multicore i manycore, i inclús
els paradigmes de cómput distribuit, com Grid o Cloud Computing, sorgeix la necessitat
d’explotar encertadament el poder computacional que aquests ens ofereixen.
Aquest objectiu s’assoleix proporcionant la capacitat d’avaluar, per endavant, com les restriccions existents en el moment d’atendre un incendi forestal actiu afectaran als resultats que s’obtindran, en termes de qualitat (precisió) obtinguda, i temps necessari per prendre una
decisió, i en conseqüència, tenir la capacitat de escollir la configuració més adient tant de
l’estratègia de predicció, com dels recursos computacionals.
Com a conseqüència, el sistema que deriva de l’aplicació d’aquesta metodologia no està
dissenyat per ser un Sistema de Suport a les Decisions (DSS), però sí una eina de la que la
majoria de DSSs per incendis forestals es poden beneficiar notablement.
El problema s’ha tractat per mitjà de la caracterització del comportament d’aquests dos
factors durant el procés de predicció. Per això, es presenta un mètode de predicció de
dues etapes i s’utilitza com a base de treball, donat el notable augment de qualitat que
proporciona en les prediccions.
Aquesta metodologia implica haver de treballar amb tècniques pròpies del camp de la
Intel.ligència Artificial, com són els Algorismes Genètics i els Arbres de Decisió, i també es
recolza en un intens estudi estadístic de les bases de dades d’entrenament, compostes pels
resultats de milers de simulacions.
Els resultats obtinguts en aquest treball d’investigació de llarga durada són completament
satisfactoris, i obren camí a nous reptes. A més, la flexibilitat que ofereix aquesta metodologia
permet aplicar-la en qualsevol altre context d’emergència, el qual la converteix en una
destacable i molt útil eina per lluitar contra aquestes catàstrofes.En esta tesis doctoral se describe una metodología para la evaluación del tiempo de respuesta y la calidad en la predicción de la evolución de emergencias medioambientales. El trabajo se ha centrado en el caso específico de los incendios forestales, como uno de los desastres naturales más importantes y devastadores, pero es fácilmente extrapolable a otro tipo de emergencias medioambientales. Existen muchos entornos de predicción que se basan en el uso de simuladores de la evolución del fenómeno catastrófico. Dado el creciente poder en cuanto a capacidad de cómputo que nos ofrecen los nuevos avances computacionales, como las arquitecturas multicore y manycore, e incluso los paradigmas de cómputo distribuido, como Grid o Cloud Computing, surge la necesidad de ser capaces de explotar acertadamente el poder computacional que éstos nos ofrecen. Tal objetivo se alcanza proporcionando la capacidad de evaluar, de antemano, cómo las restricciones existentes a la hora de atender un incendio forestal activo afectarán a los resultados que se obtendrán, tanto en términos de calidad (precisión) obtenida, y tiempo necesario para tomar una decisión, y por consiguiente, tener la capacidad de escoger la configuración más adecuada tanto de la estrategia de predicción, como de los recursos computacionales. Como consecuencia, el sistema que deriva de la aplicación de esta metodología no está diseñado para ser un Sistema de Soporte a las Decisiones (DSS), pero sí una herramienta de la que la mayoría de DSSs para incendios forestales se pueden beneficiar notablemente. El problema se ha tratado por medio de la caracterización del comportamiento de estos dos factores durante el proceso de predicción. Para ello, un método de predicción de dos etapas es presentado y utilizado como base de trabajo, dado el notable aumento de calidad que proporciona en las predicciones. Esta metodología implica lidiar con técnicas propias del campo de la Inteligencia Artificial, como son los Algoritmos Genéticos y los Árboles de Decisión, y a su vez se apoya en un intenso estudio estadístico de bases de datos de entrenamiento, compuestas por los resultados de miles de distintas simulaciones. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo de investigación a largo plazo son completamente satisfactorios, y abren camino a nuevos retos. Además, la flexibilidad que ofrece la metodología permite aplicarla en cualquier otro contexto de emergencia, lo que la convierte en una destacable y muy útil herramienta para luchar contra estas catástrofes
This thesis describes a methodology for time response and quality assessment in natural hazards evolution prediction. This work has been focused on the specific case of forest fires as an important and worrisome catastrophe, but it can easily be extrapolated to all other kinds of natural hazards. There exist many prediction frameworks based on the use of simulators of the evolution of the hazard. Given the increasing computing capabilities allowed by new computing advances such as multicore and manycore architectures, and even distributed-computing paradigms, such as Grid and Cloud Computing, the need arises to be able to properly exploit the computational power they offer. This goal is fulfilled by introducing the capability to assess in advance how the present constraints at the time of attending to an ongoing forest fire will affect the results obtained from them, both in terms of quality (accuracy) obtained and time needed to make a decision, and therefore being able to select the most suitable configuration of both the prediction strategy and computational resources to be used. As a consequence, the framework derived from the application of this methodology is not supposed to be a new Decision Support System (DSS) for fire departments and Civil Protection agencies, but a tool from which most of forest fire (and other kinds of natural hazards) DSSs could benefit notably. The problem has been tackled by means of characterizing the behavior of these two factors during the prediction process. For this purpose, a two-stage prediction framework is presented and considered as a suitable and powerful strategy to enhance the quality of the predictions. This methodology involves dealing with Artificial Intelligence techniques, such as Genetic Algorithms and Decision Trees and also relies on a strong statistical study from training databases, composed of the results of thousands of different simulations. The results obtained in this long-term research work are fully satisfactory, and give rise to several new challenges. Moreover, the flexibility offered by the methodology allows it to be applied to other kinds of emergency contexts, which turns it into an outstanding and very useful tool in fighting against these catastrophes.
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Subt, Cristina. "Resolving chronological and temperature constraints on Antarctic deglacial evolution through improved dating methodology." Scholar Commons, 2017. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7447.
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In order to determine the timing of Antarctic ice sheet retreat and advance during the Late Quaternary, various tools are used to measure the age of marginal marine sediments. Carbonate 14C dating is a well-established approach, but requires foraminiferal microfossils, shells or other carbonate materials that are rare in most Antarctic regions, and may also suffer from vital effects, which can result in variability of up to 500 years in living organisms. Bulk acid insoluble organic (AIO) 14C dates are frequently as an alternative, but this approach works best where high productivity and sedimentation rates reign, and not too well in condensed sequences where high proportions of detritus are present. Compound specific dating methods have also been employed, but these may still yield an average age from a mixture of components and require very large sample sizes. Alternate methods of applying a chronology have also been used, such as magnetic intensity dating, or regional correlation with well-dated cores, but these may not always provide accurate and precise dates. Here I present work, some published with co-authors, of progressive improvements of Ramped PyrOx 14C dating, which utilizes the thermochemical degradation of components within a bulk AIO sediment sample. This dissertation focuses on the study, improvement and application of advanced Ramped PyrOx techniques. These improvements include novel techniques, such as compositing and isotope dilution that I use to date sediments where the proportion of contemporaneously deposited carbon is very small relative to other detrital components, and maximize the accuracy of resulting dates while minimizing costs in precision from utilizing ultra-small fractions of the bulk sample. Ramped PyrOx 14C dating techniques allows us to generate chronologies for cores that would otherwise go undated. Furthermore, these techniques can be used to push the limits of radiocarbon dating not only to regions where accurate core chronologies have been difficult to come by, but also further back in time, into marine sediment horizons deposited at or before the last glacial maximum (LGM), where highly detrital material has precluded radiocarbon dating in the past. Wider use of these techniques can enable more coordinated a priori coring efforts to constrain regional glacial responses to rapid warming.
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Lawniczek, Baptiste. "Evolution of the methodology of weight estimation and engine feasibility in preliminary design." Thesis, KTH, Flygdynamik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-261216.
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Som en del av Aerospace Engineering masterprogrammet som jag följde på KTH från augusti 2017 till juni 2018, fick jag slutligen en självständig studie i form av ett avhandlingsprojekt. Jag fick möjlighet att slutföra mitt 6-månaders examensprojekt på Safran Aircraft Engines i Villaroche, Frankrike. Safran är en internationell högteknologisk grupp som arbetar inom flygplanets framdrivning och utrustning, rymd- och försvarsmarknader. Som en del av de mekaniska aktiviteter som genomförs vid Produkt Innovation Lab är genomförandet av en för-dimensioneringsmetod för motorkonstruktioner nödvändiga för att få en uppfattning om för-dimensionering tidigare inom projektet och inom en rimlig tidsrymd. Huvudsyftet med detta projekt är att utveckla metoden som gör det möjligt att göra viktstatus och genomförbarhetsbedömningar av motorramkomponenterna i en preliminär konstruktionsfas och inom en begränsad tid. Detta papper fokuserar mer exakt på en äldre kommersiell motor mellanram. Denna metod måste leda till att en konsekvent modell skapas som ligger närmare kraven och specifikationerna. Slutsatsen av rapporten är att den implementerade pre-designmetoden möjliggör resultat med avseende på viktstatus och genomförbarhet som överensstämmer med specifikationerna. Vidare är beräkningstiden i linje med förväntningarna. Detta projekt har äntligen tillåtit att skapa en modell som kommer att tas som referens för att utveckla och designa nya motorer som har en konfiguration som liknar äldre kommersiella motorer.This paper aims to develop and to validate a methodology to realize pre-sizing studies on aircraft engine structural frames for Safran Aircraft Engines Product Innovation Lab activities. The members of this team are in charge of creating new propulsion systems architectures in accordance with product strategy guidelines or airframer needs. Aerospace industry being highly competitive, the Product Innovation Lab must be able to respond quickly and precisely to any demand emerging from aircraft manufacturers or strategy team.The main purpose of this project is to improve the methodology permitting to make weight status and feasibility estimations of the engine frame components in a preliminary design phase and in a limited amount of time. This methodology must lead to the creation of a consistent model that is closer to the requirements and specifications imposed. This paper more precisely focus on legacy commercial engine structural frame. Reflection has been conducted on the creation of a simplified parametrized model of an existing commercial engine structural frame and on the way to mesh it in order to find a good compromise between results fidelity and computation time. Regarding the weight status and feasibility results obtained with a first model, an optimization of the model configuration has finally been conducted in order to get results that fit with the specifications.Conclusion of the report is that the pre-sizing methodology can be adapted to existing commercial engine structural frame configuration. Results obtained in terms of weight status and feasibility are in accordance with the specifications and the computation time is in agreement with the expectations. It has permitted to create a model that will be taken as a reference to develop and design new engines having a configuration similar to the legacy commercial engine considered in this study. For that purpose, iterations and optimizations will be conducted on the simplified model implemented during the project in order to determine a new configuration of the pre-sized intermediate frame model which sticks with reality i.e. that respects the provided feasibility specifications.Note that due to the public nature of this report, sensitive information and data used and obtained during the project have been removed from the present paper. Nevertheless, the methodology followed has been presented and discussed in detail. Relative deviations between the results obtained and reference values have also been exposed in order to give the reader an idea of implemented model consistency.
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Wilcke, Juliane Charlotte. "An evaluation of means of inquiry into the biological evolution of consciousness." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Psychology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5070.
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How can the biological evolution and functions of consciousness be studied? The purpose of this thesis was to determine not only what means of inquiry are available to do so but also how good they are or, more specifically, how promising they are with respect to the research goal of giving a scientifically respectable evolutionary explanation of consciousness. Because no suitable or easily adaptable evaluation system or set of evaluative criteria was available, I constructed a systematic tool for evaluating the promise of means of inquiry. The evaluation tool has three dimensions--relevance, efficacy, and practicality--with two criteria each, which are assessed independently (except for the relevance criteria) and synthesised into dimensional and promise scores. This tool served to evaluate, and advise on, 23 means of inquiry that have been used in the investigation of the evolution of consciousness, including its adaptation status and evolutionary functions.
The core of the thesis is formed by the evaluation tool and its application. After establishing the need for an evaluation of means of inquiry in this area and presenting the evaluation tool constructed for this purpose, I apply the tool to arguments that consciousness is an evolutionary adaptation, to general reasoning strategies, and to evolutionary strategies. This thesis core is preceded by a contextual introduction to consciousness and evolutionary theory and by the dismissal of some sceptical positions. It is followed by a comparative review of the evaluation results and an evaluation of the evaluation tool. The main contributions of this research consist of the promise evaluation tool for means of inquiry, which is underpinned by a new evaluative theory and available for use by other researchers; and, through the tool's application, an improved understanding of means of inquiry and recommendations about which of them to use for the present research goal.
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King, Scott B. "Evolution of methodology for obtaining hydrogen magnetic resonance spectra of thyroid nodules in vivo." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0018/NQ45004.pdf.
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Choi, Yoon-Aa. "Molecular engineering of new protein labeling methodology based on rational design and in vitro evolution." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57981.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
Site-specific labeling using E coli biotin ligase (BirA) and its 15-amino acid "acceptor peptide" (AP) has been applied to study the function of various cellular proteins. In order to extend the capabilities of biotin ligase-based labeling, we engineered key elements of the labeling platform. First we characterized a novel peptide substrate (called "yeast acceptor peptide" (yAP)) for yeast biotin ligase (yBL) that had been evolved by phage display. Assays performed in vitro and on the yeast surface showed that the yBL/yAP pair was orthogonal to the BirA/AP pair, allowing two-color labeling of different proteins on cells with differently-colored probes. Second, to improve the kinetic efficiency of yAP, we developed a novel selection scheme based on yeast display. Model selections demonstrated up to 1000-fold enrichment, and three rounds of selection on a randomized peptide library were performed. Third, we attempted to improve the kinetic efficiency of BirA through evolution by in vitro compartmentalization (IVC). Because the original IVC protocol based on bead-linked DNA had many technical problems, we developed a novel bead-less IVC protocol. An enrichment factor of 25 was obtained in a model selection. Due to the single-turnover nature of the selection, however, this scheme was not able to enrich highly active catalysts over moderately active ones. In separate work, we turned our attention to the streptavidin-biotin pair. Again using bead-less IVC, we performed a selection for streptavidin mutants that could bind a ketone analog of biotin with high affinity.
(cont.) Two rounds of selection were performed but characterization of enriched clones was not completed. Finally, we helped to discover a mutant ligase that could catalyze attachment of a fluorinated aryl azide photocrosslinker to proteins fused to a 17-amino acid peptide tag. The aryl azide probe was tested and shown to be accepted by a W37V mutant of E coli lipoic acid ligase (LplA).
by Yoon-Aa Choi.
Ph.D.
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Mateus, Américo da Conceição. "Product/Brand co-creation methodology crossing marketing, design thinking, creativity and management: ideas(r)evolution." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/19162.
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This thesis introduce a new innovation methodology called IDEAS(R)EVOLUTION that was developed
according to an on-going experimental research project started in 2007. This new approach to innovation
has initial based on Design thinking for innovation theory and practice.
The concept of design thinking for innovation has received much attention in recent years. This
innovation approach has climbed from the design and designers knowledge field towards other knowledge
areas, mainly business management and marketing. Human centered approach, radical collaboration,
creativity and breakthrough thinking are the main founding principles of Design thinking that were adapted
by those knowledge areas due to their assertively and fitness to the business context and market complexity
evolution. Also Open innovation, User-centered innovation and later on Living Labs models emerge as
answers to the market and consumers pressure and desire for new products, new services or new business
models. Innovation became the principal business management focus and strategic orientation.
All this changes had an impact also in the marketing theory. It is possible now to have better strategies,
communications plans and continuous dialogue systems with the target audience, incorporating their insights
and promoting them to the main dissemination ambassadors of our innovations in the market.
Drawing upon data from five case studies, the empirical findings in this dissertation suggest that
companies need to shift from Design thinking for innovation approach to an holistic, multidimensional and
integrated innovation system. The innovation context it is complex, companies need deeper systems then
the success formulas that “commercial “Design thinking for innovation “preaches”. They need to learn how
to change their organization culture, how to empower their workforce and collaborators, how to incorporate
external stakeholders in their innovation processes, hoe to measure and create key performance indicators
throughout the innovation process to give them better decision making data, how to integrate meaning and
purpose in their innovation philosophy. Finally they need to understand that the strategic innovation effort it
is not a “one shot” story it is about creating a continuous flow of interaction and dialogue with their clients
within a “value creation chain“ mindset; RESUMO:
Metodologia de co-criação de um produto/marca cruzando Marketing, Design Thinking, Criativity
and Management - IDEAS(R)EVOLUTION.
Esta dissertação apresenta uma nova metodologia de inovação chamada IDEAS(R)EVOLUTION, que foi
desenvolvida segundo um projecto de investigação experimental contínuo que teve o seu início em 2007. Esta
nova abordagem baseou-se, inicialmente, na teoria e na práctica do Design thinking para a inovação.
Actualmente o conceito do Design Thinking para a inovação “saiu” do dominio da area de conhecimento
do Design e dos Designers, tendo despertado muito interesse noutras áreas como a Gestão e o Marketing.
Uma abordagem centrada na Pessoa, a colaboração radical, a criatividade e o pensamento disruptivo são
principios fundadores do movimento do Design thinking que têm sido adaptados por essas novas áreas de
conhecimento devido assertividade e adaptabilidade ao contexto dos negócios e à evolução e complexidade do
Mercado. Também os modelos de Inovação Aberta, a inovação centrada no utilizador e mais tarde os Living
Labs, emergem como possiveis soluções para o Mercado e para a pressão e desejo dos consumidores para
novos productos, serviços ou modelos de negócio. A inovação passou a ser o principal foco e orientação
estratégica na Gestão.
Todas estas mudanças também tiveram impacto na teoria do Marketing. Hoje é possivel criar melhores
estratégias, planos de comunicação e sistemas continuos de diálogo com o público alvo, incorporando os seus
insights e promovendo os consumidores como embaixadores na disseminação da inovação das empresas no
Mercado
Os resultados empiricos desta tese, construídos com a informação obtida nos cinco casos realizados,
sugerem que as empresas precisam de se re-orientar do paradigma do Design thinking para a inovação, para
um sistema de inovação mais holistico, multidimensional e integrado. O contexto da Inovação é complexo, por
isso as empresas precisam de sistemas mais profundos e não apenas de “fórmulas comerciais” como o Design
thinking para a inovação advoga. As Empresas precisam de aprender como mudar a sua cultura
organizacional, como capacitar sua força de trabalho e colaboradores, como incorporar os públicos externos no
processo de inovação, como medir o processo de inovação criando indicadores chave de performance e obter
dados para um tomada de decisão mais informada, como integrar significado e propósito na sua filosofia de
inovação. Por fim, precisam de perceber que uma estratégia de inovação não passa por ter “sucesso uma vez”,
mas sim por criar um fluxo contínuo de interação e diálogo com os seus clientes com uma mentalidade de
“cadeia de criação de valor”
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Lock, Sarah Louise. "The psychosocial experiences of partners of people with aphasia : the evolution of an idiographic, qualitative methodology." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445174/.
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This thesis is concerned with understanding the psychosocial effects of aphasia for partners, and with the outcomes and processes of group programmes of support and conversation training. It comprises three studies, each of which builds upon the other in method and depth. Study One utilised the quantitative, idiographic Personal Questionnaire Rapid Scaling Technique (Mulhall, 1978) to examine the psychosocial issues of 12 partners of people with aphasia (PWA) before and throughout the programmes. Individual statistical analysis suggested that the scores of four partners showed significant positive change as a result of the support programme, and two changed as a result of the conversation training programme. Results were achieved by considerable data reduction, so changes in individual issues could not be determined. Study Two therefore shifted from the quantitative, researcher's perspective to a method able to capture more fully insider perspectives. The Framework Method (Ritchie and Spencer, 1994) was used to analyse semi-structured interview data from the programme participants. This highlighted, within broad themes, varied and interacting factors that influenced participation and psychosocial change: programme content and organisation, individual circumstances, group and personal processes. The predominant focus of Study Two's findings was the process of intervention, leaving the essential question of how partners really experience psychosocial life with PWA unanswered. By taking a further qualitative shift, Study Three answers that question for one woman. An interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith, 1996) of her in-depth interview suggests her experience was a complicated process of accommodation linked to life pre-stroke and post-stroke. This process featured complex phases labelled as 'rescue mission and hope', 'endurance, loss and hopelessness' and, finally, 'regeneration'. These phases were linked to her changing perception of her relationship with her husband, her role and her self-image. The thesis concludes with a discussion of methodology, theoretical findings and avenues for further research.
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Baykal, Berkan. "A Methodology Study of the Evolution of the Secondary Brassmaking Process when Adding of Non-metallic Inclusions." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-197272.
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Previously most of the research focusing on non-metallic inclusions additions have focused on Fealloys. The presence of inclusions has a great effect on the material properties of Fe-alloy. Brass (Cu-Zn) is a germicidal material which has been widely used for especially drinking water applications. However, the influence of non-metallic inclusions on the material properties in brass have only been studied to a limited degree by other researchers. The secondary brass-making process is not a common process compared to the secondary steelmaking process. The process of secondary metal making (re-melting) has several purposes such as to improve the cleanliness, deoxidation, microstructure, composition etc. The secondary brass making process is performed to improve mechanical and chemical properties of brass. The present work presents a precursory methodology research on the influence of the non-metallic inclusions on liquid Cu-alloys for the brass grade (CuZn38). The vague effect of the secondary brass-making technic for CuZn38 eco-brass research is estimated based on thermodynamic considerations. During a secondary brass-making process, the effects of the primary addition of the raw Al2O3 powder formation in molten brass has been studied by using a by specific quartz tube suction technique. The present work studied influence of the addition of raw Al2O3 powder in brass based on quartz tube samples and ingot samples. The used Al2O3 inclusions and deoxidizer in brass show that a similar characterization can be found as when secondary Al2O3 inclusions are present in steel-making. The results showed that the Al2O3 particles in brass had different morphologies. Specifically, Al2O3 reacts with ZnO under the formation of ZnAl2O4
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Kleckner, Jon Geoffrey. "A multivariate test of evolutionary stasis in Homo sapiens." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3871.
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In the past, efforts to prove or disprove stasis in hominids have relied upon univariate tests such as Students's t-test. Severe methodological and interpretive problems arise from the misapplication of univariate statistics to questions concerning variation in shape through time. These are questions best addressed using the multivariate approach of morphometrics. Eighteen cranial dimensions drawn from 33 mid and late Pleistocene Homo sapiens were examined using principal component analysis (PCA). PCA divided the sample into two distinct morphologies. Archaic Homo sapiens of the mid Pleistocene clustered with Wurm I neanderthals and apart from post Gottweig early anatomically modern Homo sapiens. ANOVA and Cluster analysis confirm the groups represent two different morphologies rather than a single spectrum of morphological change. These results support stasis rather than phyletic gradualism during this period of hominid evolution.
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Yang, Eunsuk. "A design methodology for evolutionary air transportation networks." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29643.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Mavris, Dimitri N.; Committee Member: Baik, Hojong; Committee Member: DeLaurentis, Daniel; Committee Member: Lewe, Jung-Ho; Committee Member: Schrage, Daniel. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Harrison, Luke Barrett. "New methodology for the phylogenetic analysis of developmental sequences and its application to the evolution of vertebrate ossification." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22029.
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Sequence heterochronies are evolutionary changes between ancestor and descendent in the relative order of events in development. Developmental sequences have been proposed as potential sources of phylogenetic information and sequence heterochronies as potentially important in evolutionary change. However, existing methodology for the analysis of developmental sequences suffers from serious problems. This thesis presents a new method, PGi (Parsimov-based Genetic Inference), which overcomes these problems; PGi is more accurate and more efficient than existing methods. Using PGi with a comparative topology-based approach, I test the phylogenetic signal in vertebrate ossification sequences and show that it is weak. Finally, using an a priori hypothesis testing framework, I investigate hypotheses of heterochrony in ossification sequences. Some hypotheses were supported, while others were not. This thesis presents much improved methodology, but a lack of understanding of the nature of sequence evolution and problems with taxonomic and temporal sampling of developmental sequences persist.Les hétérochrones de séquences sont des changements évolutionnaires entre ancêtre et descendent dans l'ordre des événements développementaux. Il a été suggéré que les hétérochrones de séquences soient importants évolutionnairement et comme sources d'information phylogénétique. Cependant, la méthodologie pour l'analyse des séquences développementales souffre de nombreux problèmes; cette étude propose une nouvelle méthode, PGi, pour les surmonter. PGi est plus exacte et efficace que les anciennes méthodes. En utilisant PGi avec une approche comparative basée sur les topologies, nous avons testé le signal phylogénétique dans les séquences d'ossification des vertébrés et nous avons trouvé qu'il est faible. Finalement, en utilisant des tests d'hypothèses a priori, nous avons examiné des hypothèses d'hétérochrones dans des séquences d'ossification. Quelques hypothèses sont confirmées et d'autres rejetées. Cette thèse présente une meilleure méthodologie; cependant, un manque de compréhension de la nature de l'évolution des séquences ainsi que des problèmes dans l'échantillonnage des séquences développementales persistent.
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Boalt, Elin. "Ecology and evolution of tolerance in two cruciferous species." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Botany, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8139.
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Yam, Chi Kin 1980. "Validation of modeling methodology and investigation of mass addition effects on evolution of trace species in post-combustor flow path." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82791.
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Schear, James Adam. "From SALT to START : compliance behavior and the evolution of bargaining methodology in Soviet-American strategic arms diplomacy, 1972-1989." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1151/.
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This dissertation examines the development of Soviet-American strategic arms diplomacy from the early 1970s to the late 1980s. It argues that bargaining activity during this period produced an evolving set of operative principles, or a "methodology" of strategic arms diplomacy, which has bridged particular agreements and has tended to drive policymakers into recurring patterns of choice throughout the process. It further argues that compliance behavior has played a key role in stimulating adjustments in bargaining methodology, because both sides have pursued successive negotiations against a background of accumulating experience under the terms of older agreements. Chapter 1 introduces the dissertation's central arguments and discusses the links between compliance behavior and bargaining methodology. Chapter 2 identifies factors that may have compliance-enhancing and -inhibiting effects, and argues that treaty-constrained behavior is best viewed as a product of ongoing interactions among these factors. Chapter 3 explains why Soviet and U.S. compliance practices since 1972 are prone to conflicting assessments, and why these conflicts make it difficult to prove or disprove competing hypotheses regarding the motivations behind such behavior on the Soviet side. This chapter also assesses the historical record in light of the several factors discussed in Chapter 2 and identifies the presence of certain "structural" frictions in the Soviet-American context which were not previously considered. The study then explicates the rule-making process. For analytical purposes it defines an agreement as a composite of: framework rules, which represent the internal structure of restraint; scope rules, which are criteria for including or excluding weapons; and verification rules, which govern procedures for monitoring compliance and sorting out problems. After discussing the formative stages of the bargaining process in Chapter 4, patterns of rule-making in each category are analyzed. Chapter 5 demonstrates that a systematic progression in framework rules governing force concentration is juxtaposed against sharp discontinuities in those governing force modernization. Chapter 6 concludes that the inevitable trade-offs between preserving flexibility for oneself versus thwarting treaty circumvention by the other side has led to recurring patterns in scope rule selection. Chapter 7 discusses trends in verification rule-making and the significance of glasnost. Chapter 8 evaluates the impact of bargaining dynamics and compliance behavior upon the rule-making process from the SALT to the START eras.
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Owen, Walter Lee. "A new model of evolution education for middle school science." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2999.
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Proposes a new model for teaching inquiry and critical thinking in the middle school science classroom. This model will assist students in learning the evidence for evolution for themselves, as well as assisting them in developing skills in critical thinking and inquiry. The objective of this model is to create a more scientifically literate student body who can go on to pursue an even greater understanding of the nature of science.
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Grimes, Larry G. "Teaching Evolution: A Heuristic Study of Personal and Cultural Dissonance." Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/23.
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Darwinian evolution is a robustly supported scientific theory. Yet creationists continue to challenge its teaching in American public schools. Biology teachers in all 50 states are responsible for teaching science content standards that include evolution. As products of their backgrounds and affiliations teachers bring personal attitudes and beliefs to their teaching. The purpose of this study was to explore how biology teachers perceive, describe, and value their teaching of evolution. This research question was explored through a heuristic qualitative methodology. Eight veteran California high school biology teachers were queried as to their beliefs, perceptions, experiences and practices of teaching evolution. Both personal and professional documents were collected. Data was presented in the form of biographical essays that highlight teachers' backgrounds, experiences, perspectives and practices of teaching evolution. Of special interest was how they describe pressure over teaching evolution during a decade of standards and No Child Left Behind high-stakes testing mandates. Five common themes emerged. Standards have increased the overall amount of evolution that is taught. High-stakes testing has decreased the depth at which evolution is taught. Teacher belief systems strongly influence how evolution is taught. Fear of creationist challenges effect evolution teaching strategies. And lastly, concern over the potential effects of teaching evolution on student worldviews was mixed. Three categories of teacher concern over the potential impact of evolution on student worldviews were identified: Concerned, Strategist, and Carefree. In the final analysis teacher beliefs and attitudes still appeared to he the most important factor influencing how evolution is taught.
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Baptista, Paulo Cesar. "Metodologia de estudo para trompete." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27158/tde-16022011-115328/.
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Devido à longa tradição da arte de tocar trompete e da evolução que ocorreu com o instrumento ao longo dos séculos, o trompete passou a ser utilizado como instrumento de referência na família dos metais, bem como a ocupar posição de solista em recitais e concertos. Técnicas para seu aprendizado foram criadas e aperfeiçoadas com mais rapidez e passou a ser utilizado em outros estilos musicais, particularmente no Jazz. O caminho que indicamos para a formação técnica e musical de um trompetista é o mesmo, independentemente do estilo em que pretenda atuar. Um trompetista sem formação técnica e sem cultura musical consegue tocar, mas não consegue se expressar.Owing to the long tradition of the trumpet playing art and the instruments evolution over the centuries, trumpet has become a reference in the brass family and it has occupied a soloist position in recitals and concerts. Learning techniques have been more rapidly created and perfected, and its use has been extended to other musical styles, especially Jazz. The path we recommend to a trumpeter for acquiring their musical and technical qualification is the same, regardless of their style of choice. A trumpeter with no technical qualification and musical culture may be able to play, but they will not be able to express themselves.
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Clutterbuck, Lindsay. "An accident of history? : the evolution of counter terrorism methodology in the Metropolitan Police from 1829 to 1901, with particular reference to the influence of extreme Irish Nationalist activity." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247489.
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Gallo, Alain. "Pour une approche psycho-ethologique du comportement animal." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30010.
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Mehta, Alok. "Evolving legacy system's features into fine-grained components using regression test-cases." Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-1211102-163800.
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Dissertatio (Ph. D.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Keywords: software maintenance; software evolution; regression test-cases; components; legacy system; incremental software evolution methodology; fine-grained components. Includes bibliographical references (p. 283-294).
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Stein, Johan. "Strategy formation and managerial agency : a socio-cognitive perspective." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics [Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk. (EFI)], 1993. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/370.htm.
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Lannes, Romain. "Recherche de séquences environnementales inconnues d’intérêt médical/biologique par l’utilisation de grands réseaux de similarité de séquences." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS232.
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L’objectif de cette thèse a été d’identifier des micro-organismes encore inconnus présents dans divers environnements et de caractériser certains de leurs métabolismes. Cette diversité non identifiée, à la fois taxonomique et fonctionnelle, est communément appelée matière noire microbienne. J’ai utilisé et développé de nouvelles méthodes de réseaux, et notamment des réseaux de similarité de séquences, afin d’exploiter de très grands jeux de données de séquences, issus de projets de métagénomique. En particulier, mon travail a mis en évidence le rôle écologique de micro-organismes ultra-petits dans certaines voies métaboliques autotrophes des océans. Il montre également que les CPR et DPANN, bactéries et archées ultra-petites récemment découvertes, participent à la dynamique des communautés microbiennes via des systèmes de quorum sensing homologues à ceux d’organismes mieux caractérisés. Une application des réseaux de similarité de séquences à des données de métabarcoding a également révélé une diversité jusque là inconnue d’Holozoa, qui pourrait nous permettre de mieux comprendre la transition vers la multicellularité des Metazoa. Enfin, j’ai développé une méthode et un logiciel destiné à la recherche d’homologues distants de protéines d’intérêt dans de très grands jeux de données, tels que ceux issus de la métagénomique. Cette méthode, maintenant validée, devrait permettre de rechercher des séquences appartenant à des organismes encore inconnus et très divergents, dans l’espoir de découvrir de nouveaux phylums profonds, voire même de nouveaux domaines du vivantThe objective of this thesis was to identify as yet unknown microorganisms present in various environments and to characterize some of their metabolisms. This unidentified diversity, both taxonomic and functional, is commonly referred to as microbial dark matter. I have used and developed new network methods, including sequence similarity networks, to exploit very large sequence datasets from metagenomic projects. In particular, my work has highlighted the ecological role of ultra-small micro-organisms in some autotrophic metabolic pathways in the oceans. It also shows that CPR and DPANN, recently discovered ultra-small bacteria and archaea, participate in the dynamics of microbial communities through quorum sensing systems similar to those of better characterized organisms. An application of sequence similarity networks to meta-barcoding data also revealed a previously unknown diversity of Holozoans, which could allow us to better understand the transition to multicellularity of Metazoans. Finally, I have developed a method and software for searching for remote homologs of proteins of interest in very large datasets, such as those from metagenomics. This method, now validated, should make it possible to search for sequences belonging to still unknown and very divergent organisms, in the hope of discovering new deep branching phyla, or even new domains of life
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Legendre, Serge. "Les communautés de mammifères du paléogène (éocène supérieur et oligocène) d'Europe occidentale : structures, milieux et évolution." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20036.
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Martino, Jarryer Andrade de 1976. "Algoritmos evolutivos como método para desenvolvimento de projetos de arquitetura." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258033.
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Orientador: Maria Gabriela Caffarena CelaniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T01:58:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martino_JarryerAndradede_D.pdf: 15987793 bytes, checksum: e3e7fece0c549d866ab2fb31f75bd0c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: O projeto de arquitetura é composto por diferentes variáveis que precisam ser constantemente negociadas, algumas delas envolvem situações contraditórias, aumentando a complexidade da solução do problema. Os algoritmos evolutivos correspondem a um conjunto de técnicas que contribuem para a solução desse tipo de problema, e que podem ser incorporados ao sistema generativo de projeto de maneira a potencializar a obtenção de melhores resultados. Para isso, foi necessário entender a teoria evolucionista e os seus principais mecanismos, a estruturação e a implementação dos algoritmos evolutivos no ambiente computacional, e a sistematização do processo de projeto como base para o desenvolvimento de um método evolutivo. Dessa forma, foi definido um quadro teórico composto pelos principais eventos e conceitos relacionados à teoria evolucionista, à computação evolutiva e à discussão na década de 1960 sobre a sistematização do processo de projeto como uma sequência operativa capaz de registrar o processo mental do projetista, e o método evolutivo de projeto de arquitetura, sendo apresentada a sua estrutura, os componentes e exemplos. Embora esse método tivesse sido implementado na arquitetura na década de 1960, foi verificado que as aplicações estavam bastante restritas, limitando-se a trabalhos acadêmicos em universidades específicas. O domínio de uma linguagem de programação e a falta de clareza e apropriação dos vocabulários, conceitos e técnicas desenvolvidas pela Computação Evolutiva dificultaram a sua implementação como método de projeto na arquitetura e urbanismo. Atualmente, existem recursos digitais que facilitam a implementação desse método de maneira simplificada sem perder a eficiência do método, justificando a sua retomada como um método de projeto pelos arquitetos e urbanistas. Dessa forma, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram os de organizar o conteúdo teórico dos algoritmos evolutivos de maneira a esclarecer a sua estrutura, o vocabulário, os conceitos básicos e os mecanismos que os envolvem, de definir como ocorre a sua relação com o elemento arquitetônico e com o método de projeto, da identificação de uma ferramenta computacional capaz de facilitar a sua implementação e o de apresentar situações concretas em que os arquitetos e urbanistas possam utilizá-los. Como resultado foi possível verificar que não existe dificuldade no entendimento do mecanismo evolutivo como possível recurso para o desenvolvimento de um método de projeto, mas sim, a necessidade de maior domínio sobre a ferramenta de programação que não estaria relacionada diretamente com o sistema evolutivo, mas sim, com a descrição algorítmica através de um código computacional de todo processo de projeto
Abstract: The architecture design is composed by different variables that need to be negotiated, some of them involve contradictory situations, increasing the complexity of the solution. The evolutionary algorithms are set by techniques that contribute to obtain solutions for this kind of problems, and they also may be incorporated in a project generative system in a way that potentiate the best results obtaining. For this it was necessary to understand the evolutionary theory and its main mechanisms, the structuring and implementation of evolutionary algorithms in computational environment, and the systematization of the design process as a base of an evolutionary design method development. Thus, it was important to define a theoretical framework from the main events and concepts related to the evolutionary theory, the evolutionary computation and to the discussion in the 1960s about the systematization of the design process as an operative sequence capable of registering the mental process of the designer and the evolutionary design method on architecture with their components and examples. Although this method had been implemented in architecture in the 1960s, its application was quite restricted to academic works development in some specific universities. The necessity of the knowledge of programming language, vocabulary, concepts and techniques from evolutionary computation made the implementation difficult as a project method in architecture and urbanism. Currently, there are digital resources that facilitate the method simplified implementation without losing its efficiency, justifying its resumption as a design method by architects and urban planners. Moreover, the objectives of this research were to organize the content about evolutionary algorithms, clarifying its structure, vocabulary, basic concepts and the involved mechanisms, to define its relationship with the architectural element and the project method, to identify a computational tool that facilitates the implementation and to present the real situations which architects can use them. As a result it was possible to validate that there is no difficulty in understanding the evolutionary algorithm as possible resource for the methodology development of a design, yet, the necessity to have more experience in the utilization of programming tool. This tool is not directly related to the evolutionary system, but with the algorithmic description through the computational implementation by any project codes
Doutorado
Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade
Doutor em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade
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Donaires, Omar Sacilotto. "A natureza sistêmica das capacidades dinâmicas: uma abordagem evolutiva à estratégia organizacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-20112018-103708/.
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A teoria sobre as capacidades dinâmicas acolhe influências de várias teorias que a antecederam no campo da economia, da teoria das organizações e da estratégia. Em função dessas influências variadas, seu construto central, a capacidade dinâmica, tornou-se complexo e multifacetado. Vários autores especulam acerca da natureza e da evolução das capacidades dinâmicas. A percepção que se tem a partir das definições fornecidas pelos autores seminais é de que a natureza das capacidades dinâmicas é sistêmica e evolutiva. Em particular, é perceptível a afinidade do conceito de capacidades dinâmicas com duas abordagens sistêmicas específicas: o modelo do sistema viável (viable system model, VSM) e a metodologia sistêmica soft (soft systems methodology, SSM). Entretanto, apesar dessa aparente afinidade das capacidades dinâmicas com a visão sistêmica, estudos que relacionem os dois domínios da literatura são muito raros. Praticamente inexistem trabalhos que apliquem o VSM ou a SSM no estudo ou na administração de capacidades dinâmicas. O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a natureza e a evolução das capacidades dinâmicas sob uma perspectiva sistêmico-evolutiva. Como descrever a natureza das capacidades dinâmicas segundo uma perspectiva sistêmico-evolutiva? Como operacionalizar uma abordagem de administração evolutiva de capacidades dinâmicas através de metodologias sistêmicas como o VSM e a SSM? Essas são as perguntas que orientam este estudo. Através de revisão narrativa de literatura, a visão de capacidades dinâmicas e as teorias que a influenciaram foram analisadas e relacionadas com a visão sistêmica. Além disso, na falta de artigos que relacionassem os dois domínios da literatura, empreendeu-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura com artigos que tratam sobre a construção, desenvolvimento, evolução, obtenção, manutenção, mobilização e gerenciamento de capacidades dinâmicas. Esses artigos foram submetidos à análise categorial, uma variante da análise de conteúdo, para verificar a ocorrência de temas relacionados ao VSM e à SSM. Como resultado da revisão narrativa, demonstrou-se que a visão de capacidades dinâmicas está intimamente relacionada com a visão sistêmica, inclusive com o VSM e a SSM. Essa relação é uma herança da relação que as teorias que influenciaram a visão de capacidades dinâmicas já possuíam com a visão sistêmica. A revisão integrativa de literatura com análise de conteúdo permitiu concluir que (1) as capacidades dinâmicas têm, de fato, uma natureza evolutiva, (2) a intervenção da administração tem um papel importante na construção e na evolução de capacidades dinâmicas, e (3) essa intervenção pode ocorrer de duas maneiras básicas, que se chamou de evolução por projeto e evolução por aprendizagem, que se relacionou, respectivamente, às abordagens do VSM e da SSM. As descobertas da pesquisa foram sintetizadas em um modelo sistêmico evolutivo de organização que possui múltiplas vistas: um modelo hierárquico de administração de recursos e capacidades, um modelo recursivo de competências, um modelo recursivo de capacidades, um modelo de evolução de capacidades e um modelo de administração evolutiva baseado no VSM e na SSM. A pesquisa oferece uma contribuição teórica, no que diz respeito à compreensão da natureza sistêmica das capacidades dinâmicas. A pesquisa também oferece uma contribuição prática, ao propor a administração evolutiva, operacionalizada através do VSM e da SSM, como uma abordagem para o gerenciamento das capacidades dinâmicas.The theory of dynamic capabilities gathers influences from several theories that preceded it in the fields of economics, organizational theory and strategy. Due to these varied influences, its core construct, the dynamic capability, ended up to become complex and multifaceted. Several authors speculate about the nature and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. The perception that we have from the definitions provided by the seminal authors is that the nature of dynamic capabilities is systemic and evolutionary. In particular, it is noticeable the affinity of the dynamic capability concept with two specific systems approaches: the viable system model (VSM) and the soft systems methodology (SSM). However, despite this seemingly affinity of dynamic capabilities with systems approach, studies that relate both realms of the literature are very scarce. There are practically no studies that apply the VSM or SSM in the study or the management of dynamic capabilities. The goal of the present research is to investigate the nature and the evolution of dynamic capabilities under a systemic-evolutionary approach. How to conceive the nature of dynamic capabilities according to a systemic-evolutionary perspective? How to operationalize an evolutionary management approach to dynamic capabilities by using systems methodologies such as the VSM and SSM? These are the questions that drive this research. By means of a narrative literature review, the dynamic capabilities view and the theories that influenced it were analyzed and related with systems thinking. In addition, given the lack of articles that relate both realms of the literature, an integrative literature review was undertaken with articles that address the construction, development, evolution, attainment, maintenance, deployment and management of dynamic capabilities. These articles were submitted to categorical analysis, a variation of content analysis, to verify the occurrence of themes related to the VSM and SSM. As a result of the narrative literature review, we showed that the dynamic capabilities view is closely related to the systems thinking, including to the VSM and SSM. This relation in an inheritance of the relation that the theories that influenced the dynamic capabilities view already had with systems thinking. The integrative literature review with content analysis led to the conclusion that (1) the dynamic capabilities do have an evolutionary nature, (2) the intervention of management has an important role in building and evolving dynamic capabilities, and (3) this intervention can take two basic approaches, that we named evolution by design and evolution by learning, which we respectively related to the approaches of the VSM and SSM. The findings of the research were synthesized in a evolutionary system model of the organization that has several multiple views: a hierarchical model for resources management, a recursive model of competences, a recursive model of capabilities, a capabilities evolution model and a model for evolutionary management based on the VSM and SSM. The research provides a theoretical contribution, which regards the understanding of the systemic nature of dynamic capabilities. The research also provides a practical contribution, as it proposes evolutionary management, operationalized by applying the VSM and SSM, as an approach to the management of the dynamic capabilities.
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Prun, Daniel. "Methodologie de conception de composants logiciels cooperatifs : une approche pour l'observation, la mise au point et la maintenance evolutive d'applications reparties." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066297.
Full textAbstract:
L'activite de maintenance represente plus de 80% du cycle de vie d'un logiciel. Cette part est croissante car les environnements d'execution sont de plus en plus complexes, et car l'inter-operation de composants applicatifs, d'extensions enfichables et de service de la plate-forme est beaucoup plus difficile a comprendre que l'execution d'une application monolithique. De plus, l'activite de maintenance n'apparait qu'a posteriori dans le cycle de vie du logiciel. Nous proposons une approche methodique centree sur l'interaction ou la mise au point et la maintenance sont prises en compte des la conception. Les applications visees sont celles que nous qualifions de cooperatives. Elles utilisent des organisations en groupe, des techniques d'appels d'offres, de prise de decisions collectives, de negociation. Elles utilisent au mieux la gestion du parallelisme, de la repartition et des phenomenes dynamiques (courtage de requetes, nomadisme des utilisateurs ou mobilite du code). L'approche que nous proposons : - est centree sur l'interaction : un composant s'execute dans le contexte d'une collaboration formalise par un squelette d'interaction. - favorise adaptation et re-utilisation : la demarche consiste a structurer l'application de maniere a faire apparaitre des problemes recurrents pour lesquels des patrons de conception existent. Les patrons de conceptions documentent les squelettes. - favorise la maintenance : les composants integrent des mecanismes d'observation et de re-execution de leur comportement. Cette methode est mise en oeuvre dans la conception et la realisation de structures de controle et d'outils d'observation et de re-execution dans le cadre de la plate-forme mathilda dont nous discutons les limites et les possibilites d'evolution.
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Leviaux, Pierre. "Three Essays on the Biological Hypothesis in Evolutionary Cliometrics." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2123.
Full textAbstract:
Historiquement, les échanges entre biologie et économie ont été fréquents et ont bien souvent suscité d’importantes controverses. Plus précisément, de nombreux chercheurs en sciences sociales, qu’ils soient économistes ou qu’ils exercent leur activité dans d’autres disciplines, ont régulièrement exprimé des réserves, des réticences et parfois même une forme d’aversion vis-à-vis de certaines formes d’échanges entre économie et biologie. Ces échanges se sont produits à travers différents canaux et selon différentes modalités. Ils ne se sont pas limités à de simples analogies ou métaphores. Cette thèse s'intéresse à deux formes distinctes d’importation de la biologie dans l’économie qui ont été particulièrement problématiques. La première consiste en l’explication de phénomènes économiques, que ceux-ci se manifestent au niveau micro-économique ou macro-économique, par des variables biologiques. Les travaux cliométriques de R. W. Fogel d’une part, et de Q. Ashraf et O. Galor d’autre part, dont les approches empiriques de la croissance économique reposent respectivement sur un réductionnisme physiologique et sur un réductionnisme génétique, illustrent cette première tendance, et constituent l’objet d’étude des deux premiers chapitres de cette thèse. Parallèlement à ce recours à des formes de réductionnisme biologique plus ou moins motivé, qui se produit principalement dans l’énonciation de théories économiques cherchant à fournir des fondements biologiques à la structure et au fonctionnement des systèmes économiques, un second recours à la biologie a également suscité d’importances controverses. Ce second usage de la biologie a pris la forme bien connue de la métaphore de la sélection naturelle. Alors que le réductionnisme biologique s’exprime principalement dans la dimension structuro-fonctionnelle des systèmes économiques, le recours à la métaphore de la sélection naturelle concerne quant à lui la dimension évolutive de ces mêmes systèmes. Le troisième chapitre de cette thèse est ainsi consacré à l’étude critique des conditions permettant l’extension des principes darwiniens de variation, de sélection et d’hérédité à la compréhension de la dynamique évolutive des systèmes économiques. A travers l’étude des enjeux à la fois méthodologiques et épistémologiques que ces deux grands types de recours à la biologie soulèvent, cette thèse vise à permettre de renouveler les échanges entre ces deux disciplines sous une forme qui échappe à la fois aux écueils d’un recours parfois naïf au réductionnisme biologique et à ceux d’un transfert trop audacieux des principes de l’évolution biologique dans le champ de l’évolution sociale et économique. Les développements proposés semblent au contraire inviter les économistes intéressés par le dialogue entre biologie et économie à se prémunir à la fois contre la tentation d’un réductionnisme biologisant et contre les multiples facettes d’un évolutionnisme naturalisant, qui ne constituent finalement que les deux faces d’une même pièce : celle de la négation du caractère profondément politique des objets sociaux et économiques et de la restriction arbitraire et néfaste du « champ des possibles » propre aux systèmes économiques et sociauxHistorically, exchanges between biology and economics have been frequent and have often caused considerable controversy. More specifically, many social scientists, whether economists or conducting academic research in other disciplines, have regularly expressed reservations, reluctance and sometimes even a form of aversion toward certain forms of exchange between economics and biology. These exchanges between these two disciplines have occurred through different channels and in different ways. As this dissertation explains, they were not limited to mere analogies or metaphors. Indeed, two distinct forms of imports from biology into economics have been particularly problematic. The first is the explanation of economic phenomena, whether the latter take place at the micro-economic or macro-economic level, by biological variables. The cliometric approaches of RW Fogel on the one hand, and of Q. Ashraf and O. Galor on the other, whose empirical studies of the determinants of economic growth are respectively based on physiological reductionism and on genetic reductionism, illustrate this first trend, and constitute the subject matter of the first two chapters of this thesis. Along with the use of more or less motivated forms of biological reductionism, which occurs mainly in the formulation of economic theories that seek to provide a biological basis for the structure and functioning of economic systems, a second recourse to biology has also been used, and also aroused important controversies. This second use of biology in economics took the well-known form of the metaphor of natural selection. While biological reductionism mainly occurs in studies related to the structuro-functional dimension of economic systems, the use of the metaphor of natural selection obviously concerns the evolutionary dimension of these same systems. The third chapter of this thesis is therefore devoted to the study of the conditions that allows for the extension of the three Darwinian principles of variation, selection and inheritance to the understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of economic systems. Through the study of both some methodological and epistemological stakes that these two major types of recourse to biology raise, this thesis aims to allow for a renewal of the exchanges between these two disciplines in a form that eschews both the pitfalls of a sometimes naive recourse to biological reductionism and of an excessively daring transfer of the principles of biological evolution into the field of social and economic evolution. On the contrary, it seems necessary for economists interested in a fruitful dialogue between biology and economics to be able to guard against both the temptation of a biologizing reductionism and the many facets of a naturalizing evolutionism, which finally turn out to be the two sides of the coin: that of the negation of the deeply political nature of social and economic objects and of the arbitrary and harmful restriction of the "field of possibilities" which characterizes economic and social systems
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Loja, Luiz Fernando Batista. "Tecnologia assistiva: um teclado virtual evolutivo para aplicação em sistemas de comunicação alternativa e aumentativa." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2015. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/14353.
Full textAbstract:
People withmobilityandspeechrestrictionssimultaneoushaveverbalcommunicationandbody
language impaired.Inthemostextremecasesthepatientsaredeprivedofalltheirmovements
and speechcapabilities.ThissituationischaracterizedastheLocked-inSyndrome(LIS).The
augmentativeandalternativecommunicationtechnologiesprovidemethodsandsoftwaresthat
allowthesepatientstocommunicatewiththeexternalenvironmentandpeoplearoundthem.
Among thevariousmethodsandexistingcommunicationprogramswecanhighlightthevirtual
keyboard.However,datainputusingthiskindofkeyboardisconsiderablyslowerandmore
tiresome forpeoplewithLIS.Thisworkaimstobuildanassistivevirtualkeyboardtoassist
patients withseveremobilityrestrictionsandspeechtocommunicate.Toachievethisgoalit
wasconductedtwosystematicreviewsandaliteraturereview.Fromtheknowledgegained
from theseresearchswemodeledanddevelopedanassistivevirtualkeyboard.Moreover,we
designed andimplementedanevolutionarymethodologythatallowsthekeyboardtoadaptitself
to user svocabularyandwritingmode.Finally,anexperimentthatcomparesthetraditional
method keyboardsoptimizationwiththemethodologyproposedinthisthesiswascarriedout.Pessoas comrestriçõesmotorasedefalasimultâneastêmacomunicaçãoverbalealinguagem corporal prejudicadas.Noscasosmaisextremosopacienteéprivadodetodososseusmovimen- tos edacapacidadedefala.EssasituaçãoécaracterizadacomoaSíndromedoEncarceramento (SE). Astecnologiasdecomunicaçãoaumentativaealternativasãoresponsáveisporproporcio- narem métodose softwares que possibilitamacomunicaçãodospacientescomoambienteeas pessoas queoscercam.Entreosváriosmétodoseprogramasdecomunicaçãoexistentespode-se destacar otecladovirtual.Porém,aentradadedadosutilizandotecladosvirtuaiséconsidera- velmentemaislentaecansativaparapessoascomSE.Oobjetivodestetrabalhoéconstruirum teclado virtualassistivoparaauxiliarpacientescomrestriçõesmotorasgravesedefalaaseco- municarem. Paraatingiresseobjetivoforamrealizadasduasrevisõessistemáticaseumarevisão de literatura.Apartirdoconhecimentoadquiridodessasrevisõesfoimodeladoedesenvolvido um tecladovirtualassistivo.Alémdisso,foielaboradaeimplementadaumametodologiaevolu- tivaquepermiteotecladoseadaptaraovocabulárioeomododeescritadousuário.Finalmente, foi realizadoumexperimentoquecomparaométodotradicionaldeotimizaçãodetecladoscom a metodologiapropostanestatese.
Doutor em Ciências
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De, la Iglesia Mayol Begoña. "De les Dificultats d'Aprenentatge a les Dificultats en el Procés d'Ensenyament-Aprenentatge." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/113570.
Full textAbstract:
-Introducció:
Un dels principis assumits en l'estudi, ja que s'ha evidenciat que facilita el tractament de les DA, és que aquestes són responsabilitat de tots els agents educatius que intervenen en el procés evolutiu d'una persona.
Per aconseguir la corresponsabilitat en els centres, cal parlar de canvi per a la millora de l'escola, de les eines que es consideren que poden conduir cap a la innovació, és a dir, de l'assessorament i de la formació, però també de les famílies com a entorn clau per al desenvolupament i educació dels infants, així com per al bon funcionament dels centres escolars. La finalitat de l'estudi és la de comprendre i fer una anàlisi per a la millora dels contextos d'aprenentatge de l'alumnat en general, encara que es parteixi de l’alumnat amb DA.
- Contingut de la investigació:
Sota el títol "De les Dificultats d'Aprenentatge a les Dificultats en el Procés d'Ensenyament-Aprenentatge", la tesi presenta dos grans blocs de continguts. D'una banda, després del procés de reflexió dut a terme per un grup de docents, es presenta l'anàlisi qualitativa del desenvolupament de l'actitud professional davant l'atenció a la diversitat, l'ús exclusiu del llibre de text, la participació de la família en el centre, l'elaboració dels documents de centre, així com també de les programacions que porten a terme per al desenvolupament de la seva pràctica diària.
I per altra banda, a partir de l'anàlisi quantitativa de les respostes donades en un qüestionari de satisfacció i participació a l'escola, es descriu la situació que viuen les famílies amb fills i filles amb Dificultats d'Aprenentatge a les Illes Balears.
- Conclusió:
Entendre i assumir el concepte d'atenció a la diversitat a les escoles, suposa acceptar que ni la causa ni el tipus de dificultat és el més important per donar respostes adequades a les necessitats que sorgeixen en el procés d'aprenentatge, sinó que ha de ser la capacitat i l'estil d'aprenentatge de l'alumnat el que ha de guiar la nostra intervenció.
Sota aquesta primera consideració, l'estudi presenta la necessitat de reconvertir el plantejament inicial centrat en el dèficit, en el problema, en la dificultat de l'alumne, per reflexionar sobre la possibilitat que la dificultat pugui estar en el procés d'ensenyament-aprenentatge.
Així, una educació inclusiva, per a tothom, passa per descentrar-se de les dificultats de l'alumnat per passar a parlar en termes de formació, d'organització escolar, de reflexió conjunta, de treball col • laboratiu ..., és a dir del procés d'ensenyament-aprenentatge que es porta diàriament en els centres escolars.- Introducción: Uno de los principios asumidos en el estudio ya que se ha evidenciado que facilita el tratamiento de las DA, es que estas son responsabilidad de todos los agentes educativos que intervienen en el proceso evolutivo de una persona. Para lograr la corresponsabilidad en los centros, hay que hablar de cambio para la mejora de la escuela, de las herramientas que se consideran que pueden conducir hacia la innovación, es decir, del asesoramiento y de la formación, pero también de las familias como entorno clave para el desarrollo y educación de los niños, así como para el buen funcionamiento de los centros escolares. La finalidad del estudio es la de comprender y hacer un análisis para la mejora de los contextos de aprendizaje del alumnado en general, aunque se parta de los / las alumnos con DA. - Contenido de la investigación: Bajo el título “De las Dificultades de Aprendizaje a las Dificultades en el Proceso de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje”, la tesis presenta dos grandes bloques de contenidos. Por una parte, tras el proceso de reflexión llevado a cabo por un grupo de docentes, se presenta el análisis cualitativo del desarrollo de la actitud profesional ante la atención a la diversidad, el uso exclusivo del libro de texto, la participación de la familia en el centro, la elaboración de los documentos de centro, así como también de las programaciones que llevan a cabo para el desarrollo de su práctica diaria. Y por otra parte, a partir del análisis cuantitativo de las respuestas dadas en un cuestionario de satisfacción y participación en la escuela, se describe la situación que viven las familias con hijos/as con Dificultades de Aprendizaje en las Islas Baleares. - Conclusión: Entender y asumir el concepto de atención a la diversidad en las escuelas, supone aceptar que ni la causa ni el tipo de dificultad es lo más importante para dar respuestas adecuadas a las necesidades que surgen en el proceso de aprendizaje, sino que debe de ser la capacidad y el estilo de aprendizaje del alumnado lo que debe guiar nuestra intervención. Bajo esta primera consideración, el estudio presenta la necesidad de reconvertir el planteamiento inicial centrado en el déficit, en el problema, en la dificultad del alumno, para reflexionar sobre la posibilidad de que la dificultad pueda estar en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Así, una educación inclusiva, para todos, pasa por descentrarse de las dificultades del alumnado para pasar a hablar en términos de formación, de organización escolar, de reflexión conjunta, de trabajo colaborativo ..., es decir del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que se lleva a diario en los centros escolares.
-Introduction: One of the principles assumed in the study, since it has been shown that facilitates the processing of DA, is that these are the responsibility of all educators involved in the developmental process of a person. To achieve co-responsibility in schools, we have to talk about change for school improvement, about tools that can lead to innovation, providing advice and training, but also consider environment as key to the development and education of children, as well as the functioning of schools. The purpose of the study is to understand and analyze the contexts of learning for improvement of student in general, although we start with the students with DA. - Content of the research: Entitled "From Learning Difficulties to Difficulties in the process of teaching and learning", the thesis has two main areas of content. First, after the process of reflection carried out by a group of teachers, presents qualitative analysis of the development of the professional attitude with attention to diversity, the exclusive use of the textbook, the family involvement in the center, preparing the documents center, as well as the programs carried out for the development of their daily practice. On the other hand, from the quantitative analysis of the answers given in a questionnaire of satisfaction and participation in school, the research also described the situation of families living with children with learning difficulties in the Balearic Islands. - Conclusion: Understand and accept the concept of attention to diversity in schools, means accepting that neither the cause nor the type of difficulty is important to provide an adequate response to the needs that arise in the learning process, but should was the ability and learning style of students that must guide our intervention. Under the first consideration, the study shows the need to convert the initial approach focused on the deficit, the problem, the difficulty of the student to reflect on the possibility that the difficulty may be in the process of teaching and learning. So, inclusive education for all, implies to decentralize the difficulties of students to talk in terms of training, school organization, joint reflection of teamwork , cooperative work... so, the focus should be in the process of teaching and learning that takes daily in schools.
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Liu, Chi-Lun, and 劉季綸. "Requirements Analysis Methodology for System Functional Evolution." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59296080872698856406.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立政治大學
資訊管理研究所
96
Nowadays, companies have to respect collective knowledge and improve service quality for adapt their rapidly changing environment. Traditional systems development methodologies may be still valuable but have shortcomings. To accommodate customer-driven trend, new methodologies must guide enterprises to listen to customers for ensuring high-quality system services. New methodologies also have to guide developers to carry out cross-department and customer-centered collaboration in new ways for maintaining systems cyclically. This research proposes a user requirements analysis methodology according on philosophical hermeneutics and software engineering literature. The proposed methodology includes requirements formation and conflict resolution. Requirements formation process involves new user requirement proposition, commercial and technical impact analysis, cost benefit estimation, coding prioritization, and new version release scheduling. Conflict resolution process involves negotiation, mediation, and arbitration. Besides the proposed methodology, this research also develops a blog-based tool for collecting user requirements on Internet. This research extends and modifies use cases diagram and use philosophical hermeneutics as a foundation to propose a meta-model. This research also proposes a set of rules for conflict detection. Base on the proposed meta-model, ontologies, and the proposed rules, the blog-based tool can automatically detect conflicts between new requirements and existing design. These proposed rules also can apply to detect conflicts among new requirements. An online newspaper company and an online shopping mall try to use this methodology and the blog-based tool. In the interviews, they confirm this methodology’s and tool’s values and give several suggestions for improving the methodology and the tool. Finally, this research discusses the improvements and future research directions according to these suggestions.
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Anderson, Michael Laurence. "Aspects of scientific methodology with special reference to evolutionary biology." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15546.
Full textAbstract:
A critical examination of Popper’s falsificationism as a methodological
criterion of demarcation led to the development o f a supplementary means of
distinguishing science from pseudo- science The discipline is made the unit of
appraisal and its pattern o f historical development b used as the indicator of
demarcation. Results of a test of this indicator against astrology and physical
optics accord with our basic judgm ents of these disciplines. The indicator
effectively reveals that scientific creationism is pseudo-science, and that
evolutionary biology is genuine science.
Three fundam ental approaches to scientific investigation, viz.
v erificationism , falsificationism and m ulti-cornered testing (M CT) are
contrasted. MCT is distinguished by competition between hypotheses, which
makes it more informative than at least the naive versions of the other two
approaches. While competition does not produce immediate victors, it does make
demands on theories, which can be augmented by prescribing a series of
independent tests. The comparative method implies the existence of two types of
evidence. Common evidence is that which io predicted or explained by two or
more rival hypotheses. Discriminatory evidence favours one rival over the
others.
It is argued that in both the fields of species biology and speciation there
have been instances o f over-relying on common evidence, o f indistinctly
defining alternative hypotheses, of ro t following their logical consequences and
of not using exisiing discriminatory evidence to adjudicate between these
hypotheses. Species concepts and definitions of modes o f speciation are
evaluated. Normative principles are suggested for defining species and other
important terms in evolutionary biology, and for testing species concepts and
modes of speciation. The advantages and limitations o f a historical indicator of
demarcation and the merits and principles of the comparative approach to
method are discussed and illustrated using the analoev of a mathematical game.
Scientific crcanomsni is shown to have a coating of scientific method,
but to have systematically violated fundamental methodological principles.
D arn in ’* method in contrast, had a comparative structure, and distinguished
between common *nd discriminatory evidence. While there are methodological
problems sn evolutionary biology, these are shown to be minor in comparison to
that four*! in to c n o fk ciratxxiiun.
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Leça, João Micael da Silva. "Evolution of ethyl carbamate during Madeira wine ageing by GC-MS: a new methodology." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/715.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, ethyl carbamate (EC) was reclassified by the International Agency for
Research on Cancer (IARC) as "probably carcinogenic to humans" and occurs mainly in
fermented beverages. Nowadays many countries have set limit values for EC in alcoholic
beverages. In this sense and taking into account the low concentrations found in alcoholic beverages, the scientific community has shown interest for the development of new analytical methods, whereby its simplification plays an important role in the EC control and prevention.
Firstly, a simple, rapid and sensitive methodology was developed for the EC
quantification in fortified wines by microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) with gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer detector (GC-MS). This method showed good linearity (R2 = 0.999) and sensitivity (LOD = 1.5 μg/L). The accuracy of the method was assessed by means of repeatability and reproducibility (RSD < 7%). Moreover, a good recovery has been demonstrated (97 – 106%) as well as its applicability (16 fortified wines).
Thus, the developed methodology has proven to be an excellent approach for routine
quantification of EC in fortified wines.
The EC evolution was also evaluated during a year and half of Madeira wine ageing
submitted to two traditional ageing methods, estufagem and canteiro, in order to evaluate the formation kinetic. The results revealed that estufagem process increased the formation kinetic and promoted a linear increase of the EC concentration (R2 ≥ 0.977), proportionally to the ageing time (4 months). However, when the wines are firstly submitted to estufagem and then undergo canteiro ageing, the EC values remain almost constant during the following 14 months. The results suggest that estufagem does not seem to be the critical factor in the EC formation, but instead the amount of precursors in the medium.Projeto IMPACT II(MADFDR-01-0190-FEDER-000010), no âmbito do programa Intervir+, da Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI)
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Greer, James LaMonte. "Effort flow analysis a methodology for directed product evolution using rigid body and compliant mechanisms /." Thesis, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3099456.
Full text
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"Comparative Genomics and Novel Bioinformatics Methodology Applied to the Green Anole Reveal Unique Sex Chromosome Evolution." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.40699.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: In species with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the degradation of one of the sex chromosomes can result in unequal gene expression between the sexes (e.g., between XX females and XY males) and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. Dosage compensation is a process whereby genes on the sex chromosomes achieve equal gene expression which prevents deleterious side effects from having too much or too little expression of genes on sex chromsomes. The green anole is part of a group of species that recently underwent an adaptive radiation. The green anole has XX/XY sex determination, but the content of the X chromosome and its evolution have not been described. Given its status as a model species, better understanding the green anole genome could reveal insights into other species. Genomic analyses are crucial for a comprehensive picture of sex chromosome differentiation and dosage compensation, in addition to understanding speciation.
In order to address this, multiple comparative genomics and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to elucidate patterns of evolution in the green anole and across multiple anole species. Comparative genomics analyses were used to infer additional X-linked loci in the green anole, RNAseq data from male and female samples were anayzed to quantify patterns of sex-biased gene expression across the genome, and the extent of dosage compensation on the anole X chromosome was characterized, providing evidence that the sex chromosomes in the green anole are dosage compensated.
In addition, X-linked genes have a lower ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates than the autosomes when compared to other Anolis species, and pairwise rates of evolution in genes across the anole genome were analyzed. To conduct this analysis a new pipeline was created for filtering alignments and performing batch calculations for whole genome coding sequences. This pipeline has been made publicly available.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Biology 2016
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Wang, Li-Hong, and 王力宏. "Application of Combined Response Surface Methodology and Particle Swarm Optimization Method with Nonlinear Time-varying Evolution for Engineering Cases." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29427311339783079563.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南開科技大學
電機與資訊工程研究所
100
The response surface methodology (RSM) is often applied to the problem of modeling and mathematical statistics, especially in assisting researchers to provide a lot of analyses, and optimal design of the case study. The proposed two cases studies mainly majority belonging to non-linear and non-differential optimization problem, the use both trial and error method and the traditional optimization algorithm method, are not only time-consuming but also unable to obtain the optimal value. However, the proposed the RSM can only search local optimal solution, so the proposed a particle swarm optimization method with nonlinear time-varying evolution (PSO-NTVE) can fast converge to the global optimum. To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, a combination of methods in the case of two representative studies has been proposed. In the first case study, the purpose of power harmonic filters is to filter the harmonics of power system at a chemical plant with nonlinear load generated harmonics to satisfy the harmonic limit of the Taiwan Power Company (TPC) and to meet the reactive power compensation limit conditions. This thesis first applies the random uncertainties of the RSM to establish the harmonic filter system model, and considers the system impedance and the harmonic current, and then use PSO-NTVE to solve the filter capacity, in order to effectively suppress harmonics and there is no harmonic amplification problem to improve the power quality of the chemical plant. In addition, shortage of fossil energy gradually, the increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution, the use of PV modules will be an important way to solve future energy problems. To improve the output power of PV modules, the tilt angle should be adjusted with the installed location. Next, in the second case study, seven cities have been selected in Taiwan. The use of the Julian day combined with the optimal tilt angle of the PV modules have been used for solving the above two cases. As a consequence, the show that the proposed scheme 2 at chemical plant for three kinds of filter schemes was suitable for chemical plant as factory reference. In addition, the optimal tilt angle of the PV modules generating capacity for the Taipei area is -9. 36(deg.) in summer, the result can be further extended to the tilt angle when building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) installation of assessment.
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Mané, Ansumane. "Optimization of the methodology of configuration of mobile communication networks." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18750.
Full textAbstract:
The mobile communication network has been growing quickly, and the mobile network maintenance is becoming more complex, in performance, network coverage, energy, time consuming and expensive. The telecommunication service provider and mobile network telecommunication operator worries to what is the better methodology to optimizing a mobile network configuration and to improve the most efficient operation and functionality, to increase a superior performance in technical aspect (Create, and integrate new network planning in hardware and software level), economic aspect (cost reduction in maintenance) and environmental aspect (use of renewable energy through solar panels or wind power system).
The work developed in this dissertation aims to propose an optimization of methodology of configuration of mobile communication network and build an automated configuration system in different technology (GSM, UMTS and LTE) to provide a good quality and improvement in its architecture to meet the requirement for a large number of services or application through distinct means transmission and using technology appropriate with a new generation of hardware to reach certain area in a Base Station Transmition (BTS) and a Radio Network Controller (RNC) that permit configure and integrated hardware and software issues in distinct networks technology (GSM, UMTS and LTE).A rede de comunicação móvel tem crescido rapidamente e ficando cada vez mais complexa, sendo cada vez mais complicado melhorar o desempenho, a cobertura, a eficiência energética e ao mesmo tempo aumentar o numero de utilizadores e serviços. O provedor de serviços de telecomunicações e a operadora de rede móvel têm de se preocupar em optimizar de forma a garantir a melhor configuração de rede móvel tendo em vista melhorar a operação e funcionalidade, a fim de esta ser mais eficiente, no seu desempenho. Relativamente aos aspectos técnicos (Criar novo planeamento e integrar a uma rede ao nível hardware e de software), aspecto econômico (redução de custo na manutenção) e aspecto ambiental (uso de energia renovável, quer através de painéis solares como de sistemas eólicos). O trabalho desenvolvido nesta dissertação visa propor uma otimização da metodologia de configuração das redes de comunicação móveis e construir um sistema de configuração automatizado em diferentes tecnologias (GSM, UMTS e LTE), para garantir os mais altos padrões de qualidade e atender a exigência de um grande número de serviços ou aplicações através de diferentes meios de transmissão e uso de tecnologia apropriada com uma nova geração de hardware para atingir determinada área em uma Estação de Transmissão de Base (BTS) e numa Rede de Controlador de Rádio (RNC) que permitem configurar e integrar diversos tipos de hardware e software em tecnologia de diferentes redes (GSM, UMTS e LTE).
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Doleček, Pavel. "Friedrich August von Hayek a otázka evoluce liberárních pravidel." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-389818.
Full textAbstract:
The present dissertation deals with the topic of the relationship between political and moral philosophy and the epistemological and methodological arguments of Friedrich August von Hayek. The aim of the dissertation is to defend in general the assertion that Hayek's philosophy is the application of epistemological and methodological positions to moral and political philosophy and that this application is implemented through the continuous process of defining the basic theoretical positions towards philosophical tradition. This general statement is elaborated on in several perspectives. The first perspective puts the concept of knowledge in the forefront, both in the sense of a certain concept of rationality, i.e. the nature of reason and human thinking, and also in the sense of defining the nature and limits of scientific inquiry. The latter follows the development of Hayek's thinking, pointing out the aspects of his philosophy, which are the elaboration of the theories of his predecessors in thought within the Austrian economic school or classical sociology. This perspective also shows that, at a certain stage of his thinking, Hayek considerably moves away from these predecessors, particularly in the context of grasping individualism. The third perspective shows the deeper roots of some of...
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Fernandes, Milene dos Anjos. "A população de Priscos entre os Séculos XVI e XX: estudo demográfico." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/36441.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em HistóriaA dissertação de mestrado que agora apresentamos tem como objetivo a análise dos comportamentos demográficos e a evolução da população da freguesia de Priscos, atualmente integrada no município de Braga, numa perspetiva microanalítica de longa duração (séculos XVI a XX). Neste sentido, privilegiámos a metodologia de “reconstituição de paróquias” desenvolvida sobre a informação proporcionada pelos registos paroquiais de batismos, casamentos e óbitos que, por cruzamento nominativo, permitiu a construção de uma base de dados demográfica e genealógica, tendo como datas extremas os anos de 1580 e 1910. A partir desta base de dados desenvolvemos a análise das variáveis responsáveis pela dinâmica das populações: nupcialidade, fecundidade e mortalidade. Por outro lado, reconhecendo que a região do Minho se diferencia de outras regiões do país, pela especificidade dos comportamentos demográficos que aí têm vindo a ser detetados, procedemos sempre que possível ao estudo comparativo dos indicadores obtidos para cada uma das variáveis demográficas. Os resultados encontrados para a nupcialidade revelaram tendências próximas das que têm vindo a ser observadas na sub-região do Baixo Minho, contrastando de alguma forma com as que se verificaram na sub-região do Alto Minho. Assim, as idades médias ao primeiro casamento foram superiores no sexo masculino, enquanto as taxas de celibato definitivo nas mulheres ultrapassaram largamente as que foram registadas para os homens durante toda a observação. As taxas de fecundidade legítima assumiram valores que podemos considerar moderados, num quadro de procriação próxima do “natural” típico do Antigo Regime demográfico. Os níveis de ilegitimidade permaneceram elevados ao longo de todo o período observado, reproduzindo o padrão que caracteriza o Baixo Minho. Num contexto de economia de subsistência, essencialmente dependente da cultura de cereais e da criação de gado, a população esteve sempre sujeita a crises de mortalidade excecional, sobretudo decorrentes de maus anos agrícolas e de carência alimentar. Os momentos de sobremortalidade mais acentuada ocorreram em 1722, 1769, 1809 e 1893, resultando de surtos epidémicos agravados por maus anos agrícolas. Considerando os valores encontrados para a esperança média de vida dos indivíduos nascidos e falecidos na paróquia, detetou-se a tendência para uma maior longevidade no sexo feminino nos grupos etários até aos 35 anos, verificando-se nos grupos seguintes uma inversão de comportamentos que contraria o que tem sido observado em outras paróquias minhotas, com exceção para a área rural de Guimarães. Finalmente pode concluir-se que, à semelhança do que ocorreu na época em toda a região, a mobilidade geográfica da população ativa masculina teria interferido de forma determinante na evolução da população de Priscos e nos seus comportamentos demográficos.
The master dissertation presented aims to analyze demographic behaviors as well as population evolution of Priscos parish, nowadays integrated in Braga municipality, in a long-term microanalytical perspective (16 th-20th Centuries). In this sense, we have privileged the methodology of "parishes’ reconstitution", developed on the information provided by the parish registers of baptisms, marriages and deaths that, by nominative linkage, allowed the construction of a demographic and genealogical database, bounded between dates in 1580 and 1910. From this database, we developed analysis of the responsible variables for the population dynamics: nuptiality, fecundity and mortality. Furthermore, recognizing that the region of Minho differs from other regions of the country, the specificity of demographic behaviors that have been detected there, we proceed, as far as possible, to the comparative study of the indicators obtained for each of the demographic variables. The results found for nupciality showed trends similar to those that have been observed in the sub-region of Baixo Minho, in contrast somehow with those recorded in the sub-region of Alto Minho. Thus, the mean age at the first marriage were always higher in males, while the definitive celibacy rates in women exceeded largely those that were recorded for men along all observation. The legitimate fecundity rates assumed values that can be considered moderate, in a procreation framework which might be considered typical in the Ancient Demographic Regime. Illegitimate levels remained elevated throughout the study period, reproducing the standard featuring Baixo Minho. In a context of subsistence economy, mainly dependent on the cultivation of cereals and livestock, population has always been subject to exceptional mortality crises, mainly due to bad harvests years and food shortages. The moments of more sharply excess mortality occurred in 1722, 1769, 1809 and 1893, resulting from disease outbreaks aggravated by bad harvests. Considering the values found for the average life expectancy of those born and deceased in the parish, we realize a tendency to sensed-for greater longevity in females in the age groups up to 35, although we find in the following groups a reversal of behavior which contradicts what has been observed in other Minho parishes, except for the rural area of Guimarães. Finally it can be concluded that, similar to what occurred at the analyzed time throughout the region, the geographical mobility of male labor force would have interfered decisively in the evolution of the population of Priscos and their demographic behavior.
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Sheen, Floyd, and 沈峰儀. "Evolutional Computing Methodology in finding Portfolio Optimization on different risk aversion using Taiwan Morgan Index Stocks as an example." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77008035663437066899.
Full textAbstract:
碩士真理大學
管理科學研究所
91
We frequently make our investment decision based on limited resource and information; we often select the best option according to so-called “feasible” alternatives. However, different ways of analyzing market trend are all trying to achieve one goal; in trying to predicate a trend in order to maximize returns and minimize risks. Our study utilize evolutional computing methodology（genetic algorithm）, base on Markowitz’s Mean-Variance Portfolio Model— efficient frontier of various investing portfolio , with calculating risk aversion analysis done using Bodie, Kane and Marcus’s model, to come up with methodology in identifying the best investing opportunities. This particular study utilize genetic algorithm to simulate most efficient frontier, similar to traditional graphical convexity, but easier in discovering the solution. This study also verified the fact that, when comparing Taiwan Morgan Index and Taiwan Semiconductor Morgan Index, Semiconductor sector has higher annual return, but at the same time, it also has to bear higher risks. Thus, validate the theory that there is a distinctive characteristic of high-risk high-return in the stock market. When making investing decisions, one who wants to avoid high lost, would normally choose riskyless asset.
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G-Egziabher, Negassi Yosseph. "Generic inhibitors to conserve and transform traditional technologies : the case of Ethiopia." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22250.
Full textAbstract:
Traditional technologies are revelations of knowledge, skill, and wisdom of ancestors that have been used to facilitate and enhance the performance of socio-economic activities, overcome environmental challenges, and magnify symbolic presentations of cultural and spiritual engagements. Traditional technologies are still practiced in many communities despite the strides made in the advancement of modern technologies. The socio-economic significance of traditional technologies in the context of Ethiopia is even more profound. There are hardly social, economic, and spiritual activities that are not, directly or indirectly, influenced by the application of traditional technologies. The irony is, however, they are not appreciated and conserved in spite that they have been proving a sustained significance across generations while, to the contrary, modern technologies are even staggering to outlive the stage of product introduction. Although still proving to be useful, traditional technologies have been marginalized as if they are symbols of backwardness belonging to the past as irrelevant to the modern day settings. It was, therefore, the urge to look into this dilemma that became the basis for the initiation to conduct a research on the captioned topic. The study has endeavored to address how traditional technologies, specifically that of Ethiopia, are able to sustain contrary to extant theoretical predictions of technologies, and investigate why they have been deterred from getting the conservation and transformation they deserve in spite of the socio-economic significant role they have continued to play as capitulated in the statement of the problem.
In addressing the statement of the problem, the paradigm of the world outlook within which the research was situated is found to be related to the Critical Theory paradigm. As a result, a qualitative research methodology based on a case study design was framed and a longitudinal field study on the sampled cases was conducted. The data generated from the study were
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filtered, coded, organized, categorized, and ultimately analyzed and interpreted using apparent analytic models until saturated and triangulated findings were established. Accordingly, the core constructs that has been defining the fate of traditional technologies were induced and their impact in deterring or promoting the conservation and transformation of traditional technologies were synthesized. Based on the outcomes of data analysis and interpretation, appropriate methods of reshaping the societal attitude and orientation in terms of conserving and transforming traditional practices are proposed as induced recommendations ultimately requiring a timely intervention.Business Management
D. Litt. et Phil. (Business Leadership)