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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Evolution of grass species'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Ingram, C. "The evolutionary basis of the ecological amplitude." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234831.

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2

Hindmarch, Colin. "The plant species enrichment of established grass swards." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295870.

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3

Sjöstrand, Joel. "Reconciling gene family evolution and species evolution." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Numerisk analys och datalogi (NADA), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-93346.

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Species evolution can often be adequately described with a phylogenetic tree. Interestingly, this is the case also for the evolution of homologous genes; a gene in an ancestral species may – through gene duplication, gene loss, lateral gene transfer (LGT), and speciation events – give rise to a gene family distributed across contemporaneous species. However, molecular sequence evolution and genetic recombination make the history – the gene tree – non-trivial to reconstruct from present-day sequences. This history is of biological interest, e.g., for inferring potential functional equivalences

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4

Bachle, Seton. "Physiological and morphological responses of grass species to drought." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36188.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Biology<br>Jesse B. Nippert<br>The impacts of climate change over the next 100 years on North American grasslands are unknown. Climate change is projected to increase rainfall and seasonal temperature variability, leading to increased frequency of drought and decreased rainfall amounts for many grassland locations in the central Great Plains of North America. To increase our ability to predict the effects of a changing climate, I measured multiple morphological and physiological responses from a diverse suite of C3 and C4 grasses. Due to varying characteristi

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5

Straub, Cécile. "Evolution génétique de prairies monovariétales de ray-grass anglais." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2291.

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La composition génétique des prairies, sous l'effet des contraintes naturelles ou anthropiques, est susceptible d'évoluer dans le temps, modifiant ansi la valeur agronomique des prairies et altérant leur pérennité. L'objectif de mon travail est d'analyser les changements génétiques et phénotypiques dans des prairies monovariétales de ray-grass anglais. L'étude a montré l'existence d'une grande variabilité de la variété étudiée, de differences significatives entre les prairies pour quelques caractères phénotypiques ainsi qu'une différenciation génétique significative (présence d'allèles nouveau

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6

Holmberg, Kyle B. "SELECTION FOR REDUCED SEED DORMANCY IN SEVEN NATIVE GRASS SPECIES." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11052007-220827/.

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Lowland switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans), upland switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), beaked panicum (Panicum capillare), and purpletop (Tridens flavus) all show strong signs of seed dormancy which contributes to extremely poor field establishment. The objective of this work was to reduce seed dormancy by selecting individuals that exhibited reduced pre-stratification dormancy in laboratory tests. The classical breeding method of phenotypic recurrent selection was used to enhance germinati

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7

Millhollen, Allison Gail. "Mercury accumulation and exchange associated with grass, forb, and tree species." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433399.

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8

Beloni, Tatiane. "Ecophysiological and agronomic responses of perennial grass species under water stress." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-14122015-170619/.

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The total annual forage production of tropical grasslands in the Brazilian Central area is expected to increase, however, some studies also predict a higher variability of forage production between and within years. In the future, maintenance of many pastures áreas will probably depend on the use of technology and increased productivity, seeking a competitive advantage concerning other activities, or even on its relocation to marginal áreas where forage grasses will be more suitable to abiotic factors. The water stress, both by flooding and drought, may reduce the production and survival of gr

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9

Che-Haron, Ismail. "Nutrient uptake of three grass species in relation to water stress." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46709.

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10

Fischer, Iris. "Molecular evolution in wild tomato species." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-140506.

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11

Kabine, Ezekiel Simon. "Evaluation of different temperature winter fodder species (Festulolium hybrids, dactylis species, lolium hybrids) and grass-legume mixtures in the warmer summer rainfall areas of South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1808.

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Thesis (MSc. (Pasture Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016<br>South Africa is regarded as a semi-arid area; only 28% of the country receives more than 600 mm rainfall recorded annually. Sustainable utilization of cool season fodder grasses in summer rainfall areas to produce winter animal feed remains a major problem. Farmers are affected by a shortage of adequate, good quality herbage for livestock during winter and dry periods on commercial farms. The study aimed to evaluate and compare the production potential of six Festulolium hybrids, three Dactylis species, and five Lolium hybrids

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12

Waddington, Mark A. "Efficacy of tembotrione on grass species as influenced by herbicides and adjuvants." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/773.

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Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted at Southern Illinois University-Carbondale in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the herbicide tembotrione for postemergence grass control. Tembotrione inhibits the p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) enzyme, which aids in the formation of essential plant constituents for photosynthesis. Tembotrione efficacy was examined in the greenhouse on large crabgrass, giant foxtail, shattercane, and fall panicum. Significant activity that could translate to commercial levels of weed control in the field was found on all species except fall panicum. Green

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13

McKeown, Meghan. "Evolution of Vernalization and Photoperiod-Regulated Genetic Networks in the Grass Subfamily Pooideae." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/650.

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Flowering time is a carefully regulated trait that integrates cues from temperature and photoperiod to coordinate flowering at favorable times of the year. This dissertation aims to understand the evolution of genetic architecture that facilitated the transition of Pooideae, a subfamily of grass, from the tropics to the temperate northern hemisphere approximately 50 million years ago. Two traits hypothesized to have facilitated this evolutionary shift are the use of long-term low-temperature (vernalization) to ready plants for flowering, and long-day photoperiods to induce flowering. In chapte

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14

Molter, Daniel J. "Species, Units of Evolution, and Secondary Substance." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1307386681.

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15

Marion, de Procé Sophie. "Molecular evolution in two species of Drosophila." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28537.

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Studying evolution at the level of DNA sequences allows the detection of past and recent natural selection. Natural selection has generally been seen as a force acting on proteincoding nucleotide sequences only. However, a number of studies have recently shown that introns and intergenic sequences can also be subject to natural selection. The main aim of this thesis was to detect natural selection in non-coding sequences using Drosophila species, a widely used population genetics model. I have used different methods to determine if evidence for natural selection could be found in two lesserkno

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16

Yao, Ruonan. "Biosynthesis of cuticular alkylresorcinols in selected grass species Brachypodium distachyon and Secale cereale." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38187.

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Alkylresorcinols are phenolic lipids which occur in diverse plant species as well as microorganisms. In plants, alkylresorcinols are usually deposited at or near the surfaces where they are thought to serve as a first line of defense. Earlier work in our lab had shown the surface accumulation of alkylresorcinols in Secale cereale leaves was mainly restricted to the cuticle. However, direct evidence showing the protective role of these bioactive compounds at the surface is still insufficient. The current work was to investigate the biosynthesis of cuticular alkylresorcinols in order to get a be

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17

Day, Toby Richard. "Intermountain West native and adapted grass species and their management for turfgrass applications." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/day/DayT0806.pdf.

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18

Muraki, Tomohiro. "Effects of alternative grass species on grazing preference of sheep for white clover." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1095.

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Despite the importance of a high white clover (Trifolium repens) content in temperate pastoral systems in terms of livestock performance and nitrogen fixation, the proportion of white clover in grass-clover pastures is often low (<20%). This thesis examined in two experiments whether the white clover content of pastures could be improved by sowing white clover with alternative grass species to diploid perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). In a pasture experiment, DM production, pasture composition and morphology of grass-clover mixtures was measured over the establishment year (January 2007

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19

Ross, Pamela. "Caesium-137 uptake in two grass species and the effects of competitive ions." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389595.

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20

Miller, Nathaniel P. "Invasions of Secondary Forest by a Nonnative Grass Species: Microstegium vimineum {Nees}(Poaceae)." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1307047314.

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21

Martinez, Kelsey Anne. "C3 GRASS SEEDLING INVASIBILITY AND SECONDARY SUCCESSION TRENDS IN AN OLD FIELD IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1516.

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Background : Old fields are abandoned agricultural areas that are undergoing secondary succession. A variety of factors influence the assembly, invasibility, and species turnover during secondary succession in old fields. Old fields are important ecological research locations as an increasing amount of agricultural land is abandoned worldwide. Objectives : 1) To determine if exotic and native "invaders" display differences in invasion success in an old field, and 2) To observe how native and exotic species abundances change over the course of secondary succession under predictable disturbance

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22

Parducci, Laura. "Genetics and evolution of the Mediterranean Abies species /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5882-X.pdf.

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23

Yang, Chia Ching. "Identifying genes that underlie evolution of Antirrhinum species." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11638.

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To study the genetic basis for differences between plant species, <i>Antirrhinum</i> was used as a model. <i>Antirrhinum </i>provides huge morphological variation between different species but the species can be crossed to each other to make hybrid offspring. <i>Antirrhinum majus,</i> which has larger organs, smooth leaves and erect stems, was crossed with <i>Antirrhinum molle</i>, which has smaller organs, very hairy leaves and is more like a creeper, to produce an F2 hybrid population. This gives the chance to understand the difference between two different species. A genetic map of the F2 p

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24

Böndel, Katharina. "Evolution of the wild tomato species Solanum chilense." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-172455.

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Demography and adaptation are important factors determining the evolution of plant species. Many plant species are substructured into populations or demes connected by migration (metapopulations). The spatial distribution of populations and migration patterns depend on the means of dispersal. Since plants are sessile organisms, they also have to cope with both biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore adaptations to local environmental conditions are essential to ensure survival and duration of the species. Wild tomato species (Solanum section Lycopersicon) are native to western South America. T

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25

Chaudhuri, Roy R. "Evolution and cross-species transmission of AIDS viruses." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395600.

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26

Chukeatirote, Ekachai. "Evolution of CUG codon reassignment in Candida species." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300944.

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27

Swartwood, Suzanne Christine. "The evolution of hydrogen sulfide by Gluconobacter species." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-171359/.

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28

Joseph, Sunitha. "Chromosome evolution and genome reconstruction in falcon species." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/65667/.

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Falcons and falconry have become an essential part of life in the Middle East since ancient times. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE) itself, the number of trained falcons ranges from 8,000 to 10,000. Over the last five years, falcon racing, a traditional sport, has gained momentum in the UAE where captive falcons are competing for huge prizemoney. A proportion of the UAE economy goes into their care and conservation e.g. through establishing falcon hospitals with modern facilities for disease treatment and breeding as well as centers for diagnosis and research. Being the national bird of the U

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29

Greig, Duncan. "Sex, species and Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301401.

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30

Wootton, Lara. "Reassessment of species limits and diversification process in the Cape grass genus Ehrharta Thunb." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32733.

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The Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) of South Africa has one of the most biodiverse floras in the world. Although ecological speciation is thought to be a primary mechanism behind diversification in the GCFR, it has recently been hypothesised that non-ecological speciation may have an influential role in driving diversification in the montane “sky islands” of the GCFR, potentially resulting in cryptic species. This work seeks to test the relative importance of ecological versus non-ecological processes in powering speciation at different elevations in the GCFR, and to assess the existence

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31

Al-shallash, Khalid S. "Studies on the biology and control of weedy species of Lolium (annual rye-grasses)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261517.

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32

Barraclough, Timothy Giles. "Biological correlates of species diversity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320144.

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33

Smith, Alyssa Laney. "Adaptation of an invasive grass to agriculture: ecological and genomic evidence." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77930.

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Species vary phenotypically and genetically across their environmental range limits, and this variation can influence ecological processes. Ecologically meaningful intraspecific variation might be particularly important in the context of agricultural weeds and exotic invaders, because intraspecific variation in these species might allow them to rapidly adapt to their unusually dynamic and variable environments. In a greenhouse study, we explored intraspecific variation in the size, rhizome production, and competitive ability of the global invader, Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), representin

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34

Liang, Hongping. "The Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Grass Family (Poaceae) Using matK Gene Sequences." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11235.

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Comparative DNA sequencing of matK, a maturase-encoding gene located within the intron of the chloroplast trnK gene, was evaluated for phylogenetic utility above the family level and within the grass family (Poaceae). There are three major objectives in the research. The first one is to study the utility of the matK gene in plant evolution. The second objective is to characterize the matK gene in the grass family. The last major goal is to address the phylogenetic questions in the Poaceae using the matK sequences from representatives of different grass groups. In order to study the potent

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35

Litt, Andrea Rebecca. "Effects of Experimental Fire and Nonnative Grass Invasion on Small Mammals and Insects." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193855.

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A goal of efforts to restore altered ecosystems is to reestablish natural disturbance processes, such as fire, that govern ecosystem structure and function. In ecosystems where structure has changed in response to human activities, however, ecosystem drivers may function differently and their reestablishment could yield unexpected or undesired consequences. Lehmann lovegrass, Eragrostis lehmanniana, a perennial bunchgrass from Africa, was introduced to grasslands in the southwestern United States in the 1930s and has since increased in distribution and dominance. Reintroducing fire has been

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36

Mathies, Thomas C. "Life history evolution of the lizard Sceloporus scalaris : comparisons of lowland and montane populations /." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07212009-040400/.

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37

Ambrose, Laura G. "Seed persistence of an introduced and a native grass species in a prairie old field." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ45313.pdf.

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38

Vargas, Rojas Bladimir. "Agronomical evaluation of six species of forage grass tolerant to salinity in the Tamborada region." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5448.

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Six forage grass species from the United States were evaluated for salinity tolerance and growth performance. A randomized block design was used with six repetitions of five furrows each to maintain experimental consistency. The study was conducted in the Tamborada region of Cochabamba, Bolivia from December 2003 through June 2004. Results indicated that significant differences exist between species (Pr<0.01). The species Elymus cinereus and Agropyron elongatum demonstrated the best performance regarding plant height, achieving heights of 35.4 cm and 32.7 cm respectively. Festuca arundinacea a

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39

Mkosi, Lungisa. "Characterization of various garden grass species for energy conversion in a down draft biomass gasifier." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5817.

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Energy plays a vital role in socio-economic development and raising living standards of human beings. The overreliance on fossil fuels results in the depletion of fossil fuels as well as environmental pollution from the green-house gases that result from the use of fossil fuels. Biomass feedstock are able to ameliorate this situation by utilizing the CO2 that has been used by plants during photosynthesis. This study investigated the suitability of the three garden grass species (Chloris gayana, Cynodon dactylon and Pennisetum clandestum) as biomass feedstock for gasification purposes. The thre

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40

Field, Aaron. "A Comparison of Rangeland Monitoring Techniques for Relative Species Abundance in Northern Mixed Grass Prairie." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27418.

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Clipping by species is one of the most accurate methods available for determining species composition. However, cost and time constraints often make clipping by species impractical on any large scale. Our objective was to determine whether either of two less labor intensive methods (line point intercept, quadrat frequency frame) could provide suitable alternatives to clipping. Data was collected as part of a rangeland monitoring project on the Dakota Prairie Grasslands. Each method was used to inventory grassland plant species within the same plots, which allowed us to analyze the results for

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41

Van, der Willigen Clare. "Comparisons of the resurrection grass, Eragrostis nindensis, with the related desiccation-sensitive species, E. curvula." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6104.

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Bibliography: leaves 100-133.<br>Desiccation tolerance of the inner leaves of Eragrostis nindensis is compared with the desiccation sensitivity of the outer leaves, as well as those of the closely related species, E. curvula. Both E. nindensis and E. curvula dehydrate to a relative water content (RWC) ofless than 5% in two weeks. Photosynthetic activity in E. curvula is maintained down to 40% RWC, after which further drying results in a sudden irreversible breakdown of the photosynthetic system and its pigments.

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42

Willigen, Clare Vander. "Comparisons of the resurrection grass, Eragrostis nindensis, with the related desiccation-sensitive species, E. curvula." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11403.

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Bibliography: leaves 100-133.<br>Desiccation tolerance of the inner leaves of Eragrostis nindensis is compared with the desiccation sensitivity of the outer leaves, as well as those of the closely related species, E. curvula. Both E. nindensis and E. curvula dehydrate to a relative water content (RWC) ofless than 5% in two weeks. Photosynthetic activity in E. curvula is maintained down to 40% RWC, after which further drying results in a sudden irreversible breakdown of the photosynthetic system and its pigments.

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43

Gao, Yang. "Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated by Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Operations Using Grass Species." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27442.

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Soil contaminated by crude oil or drill cuttings poses a threat to ecosystem. The objective of this study was to test tolerance levels of grass species to drill cuttings and crude oil in seed germination and at the 5-leaf stage. Sixty five grass species were screened for their tolerance to crude oil and drill cuttings at the germination stage. Two species were grouped as tolerant, 18 species as moderately tolerant, 27 species as moderately sensitive, and 18 species as sensitive to drill cuttings. In the test with crude oil, 28 species were classified as tolerant, 29 species as moderately toler

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44

Hörger, Anja Christina. "Evolution of disease resistance genes in wild tomato species." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-131076.

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45

M'Gonigle, Leithen K. "Multi-species interactions and the evolution of biological systems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/39801.

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In this thesis I develop several models examining how genetic evolution can affect evolutionary processes at a broader scale. First, I ask how evolution would proceed at a locus that governs the mutation rate between alleles mediating interactions between hosts and parasites. By relaxing several simplifying assumptions I am able to explore the affects of sex and recombination. I find that, when the modifier locus is completely linked, the mutation rate evolves toward the optimum rate. With looser linkage, however, lower mutation rates evolved. This work can potentially explain the high rate

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46

Balcerzak, Malgorzata. "Ribosomal gene spacers in Pythium, evolution of species boundaries." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32049.pdf.

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47

Detsika, Maria G. "Evolution of minority species of HIV harbouring drug resistance." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428256.

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48

Cardillo, Marcel. "The evolution of the latitudinal gradient in species richness /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16383.pdf.

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49

Boalt, Elin. "Ecology and evolution of tolerance in two cruciferous species." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Botany, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8139.

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50

Mabunda, Makhegu Amelia. "Species-level phylogenetic reconstruction of the African cycad genus Encephalartos (Zamiaceae)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3755_1249279019.

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<p>This thesis explored species-level phylogenetic relationships of the African cycad genus Encephalartos, which is one of the eleven genera of cycads. The genus is confined to Africa and comprises approximately 65 species, 38 of which are found naturally in South Africa. The phylogenetic studies on Encephalartos to date still result in many unresolved polytomies so it is not possible to fully understand the relationships between different taxa. In this study, AFLPs were used together with DNA sequencing to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of the genus. This study was the first to be

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