Relevant bibliographies by topics / Evolution of longitudinal cracks

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Evolution of longitudinal cracks'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Evolution of longitudinal cracks"

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Klocke, Fritz, A. Timmer, and F. Schongen. "Investigation of Surface Crack Types under Axial Compression Loading for a Case-Hardening Steel." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.741.

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During cold-forming operations the formability of the materials can be reached due to the low process temperature, leading to crack initiation. For the investigated case-hardening steel 16MnCrS5 longitudinal cracks and shear cracks are identified as the main crack types. The evolution of both crack types is determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM)-investigations and a simplified finite element method (FEM)-model. The results reveal that the initiation point of shear cracks is located at the surface. In contrast thereto longitudinal cracks emanate from second phase particles in the rim zone.
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SUN, YADONG, SENJIANG YU, YAOPENG DU, HONG ZHOU, and MIAOGEN CHEN. "CONTROLLED MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTIONS OF SILVER FILMS ON COMPLIANT SUBSTRATES BY TUNING MECHANICAL STRAIN." Surface Review and Letters 27, no. 01 (May 3, 2019): 1950094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x1950094x.

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Controlled surface morphologies of stiff films on compliant substrates possess a variety of applications, ranging from stretchable electronics, surface engineering to biomimics. Here, we report on the morphological evolutions of silver films deposited on prestretched compliant PDMS substrates by tuning the film strain in unloading, reloading and further stretching processes. It is found that the silver films generate transverse (perpendicular to the loading direction) wrinkles and longitudinal (parallel to the loading direction) cracks during the unloading process. On the contrary, longitudinal wrinkles and transverse cracks can be observed during the further stretching process. The morphological characteristics, evolution behaviors and mechanical mechanisms of the crack and wrinkle patterns are investigated in detail. The report in this work could promote a better understanding of the morphological evolutions of stiff films on compliant substrates by tuning the mechanical strain.
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Giordano, Luca, and Francesco Tondolo. "Crack Width Evolution of R/C Structures Subject to Corrosion and Fatigue." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.417.

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Corrosion modifies the steel-concrete interface in reinforced concrete structures. Moreover in structures subjected to cyclic load, a simultaneous mechanical deterioration due to the load is present. Both phenomena can lead to an evolution of cracks width during the service life. In order to evaluate the crack openings increase, an experimental campaign on reinforced concrete ties subjected to simultaneous loading and corrosion have been realized. Transversal crack opening, initially due to loading and longitudinal corrosion cracks evolution is monitored. Results highlight the differences in terms of corroded and uncorroded specimens, static and cycling test and also different loading amplitude. Finally it can be observed as the growing of the damage is significantly different when a cycling action, combined with a chemical attack is present.
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Chang, Yan Jun, Shuang Feng Zeng, Ke Shi Zhang, and Zhuo Li. "Study of Q345 Steel under Tensile Failure with Bilateral Parallelcracks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 574 (July 2014): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.574.368.

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The parallel crackswere prefabricated on both sides of theQ345 steel specimensand the tensile failure tests were performed.The effects of parallel crack spacing and crack length on the crack propagation behavior were studied and the fracture modes were investigated with electronic scanning microscope.The finite element analysis of tensile fracture process was also fulfilled based on the ductile metal damage theory, and the crack propagation and the crack stress field evolution around the crack tips were studied. The simulation was agreed with experimental results, and these analysis shows that the crack propagation related with double crack tip of horizontal distance ratio. When the longitudinal and horizontal distance ratio of the two crack tip is less than 1, the linkage between two cracks occurs, or two cracks expand independently. Simulation analysis shows that cracks deflect and connect with another one when the two high Mises plastic stress zones are met with each other; on the contrary, cracks propagate separately.
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Fisher, John W. "Evolution of Fatigue-Resistant Steel Bridges." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1594, no. 1 (January 1997): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1594-01.

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Fatigue cracking was seldom found in welded highway and railroad bridges from the time of their introduction in the 1950s until the late 1960s. The fatigue design specifications used in that era were developed from a limited knowledge base and largely with small-scale specimens that simulated welded details. During the AASHO Road Test in 1960 fatigue cracks were observed to develop in cover-plated steel bridge beams as a result of the heavy loads and high stress ranges. This observation subsequently resulted in a series of experimental studies supported by NCHRP starting in 1967. The laboratory studies with full-scale details were designed to evaluate the significance of many factors thought to influence fatigue resistance, including loading history (and associated stress states including residual stresses), type of steel, design details, and quality of fabrication. These studies indicated that small-scale specimens overestimated fatigue resistance and that only the stress range for a given detail was critical. As a result fatigue resistance design provisions in use since the 1950s were inadequate and overly optimistic, particularly at longer lives, because the assumption of a fatigue limit of 2 million cycles proved to be incorrect. The results of laboratory studies with full-size specimens and their impact on changing the concept of fatigue design and the bridge fatigue design provisions used for highway and railroad bridges today are reviewed. During the 1970s and 1980s fatigue cracking associated with low-fatigue-strength details (Categories E and E′), such as cover plates and lateral gusset plates, increased. Cracks were also found in transverse groove welds, particularly in attachments such as longitudinal stiffeners, gusset plates and even flange splices. These groove weld cracks generally occurred because large defects were inadvertently fabricated into the welded joint. The occurrence of these cracks was found to be predictable and in agreement with the laboratory fatigue resistance results. The 1970s also exposed an unexpected source of cracking due to the distortion of small web gaps that were frequently used in welded bridge structures. Web gap cracking continues to develop in a wide range of bridge types. It is the source of most fatigue cracks in steel bridges. Existing bridges that are susceptible to fatigue cracks or that develop fatigue cracks at primary details or from web gap distortion are easily repaired or retrofitted to ensure long-term performance. Examples of such repairs are reviewed. The future is bright for welded bridges because the knowledge base and current design provisions make it possible to design and build fatigue-resistant bridges.
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Zhao, Libin, Tianliang Qin, Jianyu Zhang, and Yuli Chen. "3D Gradual Material Degradation Model for Progressive Damage Analyses of Unidirectional Composite Materials." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/145629.

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A new 3D constitutive model for progressive damage analyses of unidirectional composite materials is presented, in which several important damage phenomena for the composite materials, such as the interfiber crack orientation, coupling of fiber failure and interfiber failure under longitudinal loads, closure effect for interfiber cracks, and longitudinal compressive behaviors under transversal constraints, have been considered comprehensively. A modified maximum stress failure criterion has been used for the damage onset prediction and a linear damage model has been adopted to establish the evolution rules of different damage. Numerical analyses with the model proposed have been implemented by using the subroutine UMAT in commercial software ABAQUS. Progressive damage analyses and static tensile experiments of a group of double-lap composite bolted joints have been carried out to validate the model proposed. Good agreements between the numerical and experimental results have been obtained.
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Baensch, Franziska, Michaela Zauner, Sergio J. Sanabria, Markus G. R. Sause, Bernd R. Pinzer, Andreas J. Brunner, Marco Stampanoni, and Peter Niemz. "Damage evolution in wood: synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRμCT) as a complementary tool for interpreting acoustic emission (AE) behavior." Holzforschung 69, no. 8 (October 1, 2015): 1015–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2014-0152.

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Abstract Tensile tests of miniature spruce wood specimens have been performed to investigate the damage evolution in wood at the microscopic scale. For this purpose, the samples were stepwise tensile loaded in the longitudinal (L) and radial (R) directions and the damage evolution was monitored in real-time by acoustic emission (AE) and synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRμCT). This combination is of outstanding benefit as SRμCT monitoring provides an insight on the crack evolution and the final fracture at microscopic scale, whereas AE permits the detection of the associated accumulation and interaction of single damage events on all length scales with high time resolution. A significant drawback of the AE testing of wood has been overcome by means of calibrating the AE amplitudes with the underlying crack length development. Thus, a setup-dependent and wood species-dependent calibration value was estimated, which associates 1 μm2 crack area generating of 0.0038 mV in the detected AE amplitude. Furthermore, for both L and R specimens, AE signals were classified into two clusters by using a frequency-based approach of unsupervised pattern recognition. The shares of AE signals of both clusters correlate with the ratio of the relative crack area of the interwall and transwall cracks gained from the fractographic analysis of SRμCT scans.
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Zhang, Zhiqiang, Changshu He, Ying Li, Jingxun Wei, Menggang Zhai, Su Zhao, and Xiang Zhao. "Fatigue Behaviour of 7N01-T4 Aluminium Alloy Welded by Ultrasonic-Assisted Friction Stir Welding." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 4582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204582.

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This study investigates the effects of axial ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure evolution, residual stresses distribution and fatigue fracture behaviour of a 7N01-T4 joint, and demonstrates that ultrasonic vibration can significantly promote the flow of plasticised metals, expand the stirred zone (SZ) width and refine the grain size. The longitudinal residual stresses of the joints are dominant, and the peak longitudinal residual stresses of the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) on the advancing side (AS) (TMAZ-AS) in the ultrasonic-assisted friction stir welding (UAFSW) joint are 31.5 MPa lower than those in the friction stir welding (FSW) joint. Compared to that of FSW joints, the fatigue strength of UAFSW joints increases by 20 MPa at 107 cycles (stress ratio of R = 0.1). At high-stress levels, crack initiation occurs at the TMAZ-AS, and is mainly attributed to high residual stresses and second-phase particles. At low-stress levels, fatigue cracks are likely to initiate in the transition zone (TZ).
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Kasapi, M. A., and J. M. Gosline. "Design complexity and fracture control in the equine hoof wall." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 11 (June 1, 1997): 1639–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.11.1639.

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Morphological and mechanical studies were conducted on samples of equine hoof wall to help elucidate the relationship between form and function of this complex, hierarchically organized structure. Morphological findings indicated a dependence of tubule size, shape and helical alignment of intermediate filaments (IFs) within the lamellae on the position through the wall thickness. The plane of the intertubular IFs changed from perpendicular to the tubule axis in the inner wall to almost parallel to the tubule axis in the outer wall. Morphological data predicted the existence of three crack diversion mechanisms which might prevent cracks from reaching the sensitive, living tissues of the hoof: a mid-wall diversion mechanism of intertubular material to inhibit inward and upward crack propagation, and inner- and outer-wall diversion mechanisms that prevent inward crack propagation. Tensile and compact tension fracture tests were conducted on samples of fully hydrated equine hoof wall. Longitudinal stiffness decreased from 0.56 to 0.30 GPa proceeding inwardly, whereas ultimate (maximum) properties were constant. Fracture toughness parameters indicated that no compromise results from the declining stiffness, with J-integral values ranging from 5.5 to 7.8 kJ m-2 through the wall thickness; however, highest toughness was found in specimens with cracks initiated tangential to the wall surface (10.7 kJ m-2). Fracture paths agreed with morphological predictions and further suggested that the wall has evolved into a structure capable of both resisting and redirecting cracks initiated in numerous orientations.
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KENNEALLY, JAMES P., and TERENCE J. HUGHES. "Fracture and back stress along the Byrd Glacier flowband on the Ross Ice Shelf." Antarctic Science 16, no. 3 (September 2004): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102004002056.

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East Antarctic ice discharged by Byrd Glacier continues as a flowband to the calving front of the Ross Ice Shelf. Flow across the grounding line changes from compressive to extensive as it leaves the fjord through the Transantarctic Mountains occupied by Byrd Glacier. Magnitudes of the longitudinal compressive stress that suppress opening of transverse tensile cracks are calculated for the flowband. As compressive back stresses diminish, initial depths and subsequent growth of these cracks, and their spacing, are calculated using theories of elastic and ductile fracture mechanics. Cracks are initially about one millimeter wide, with approximately 30 m depths and 20 m spacings for a back stress of 83 kPa at a distance of 50 km beyond the fjord, where floating ice is 600 m thick. When these crevasses penetrate the whole ice thickness, they release tabular icebergs 20 km to 100 km wide, spaced parallel to the calving front of the Ross Ice Shelf.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Evolution of longitudinal cracks"

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Jerabek, Jakub, Allessandra Keil, Jens Schoene, Rostislav Chudoba, Josef Hegger, and Michael Raupach. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Spalling Effect in TRC Specimens." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244046893347-05461.

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The paper presents the study of spalling effect occurring under tensile loading in thin-walled TRC specimens. The experimentally observed failure patterns are first classified and the performed experiment design is explained and discussed. A parameter study of spalling effect with varied thickness of concrete cover and reinforcement configurations including both the textile fabrics and the yarns provided the basis for numerical analysis of the effect. The applied numerical model was designed in order to capture the initiation and propagation of longitudinal cracks leading to the separation of concrete blocks from the textile fabrics. A meso-scopic material resolution in a single crack bridge is used for the simulation exploiting the periodic structure of the crack bridges both in the lateral and in the longitudinal direction of the TRC specimens. The matrix was modeled using an anisotropic damage model falling in the microplane-category of material models. The bond between yarn and matrix follows a non-linear bond-law calibrated using pull-out tests. The epoxy-impregnated reinforcement is considered as a homogeneous bar.
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Littles, Jerrol W. Jr. "Scattering of longitudinal elastic waves from a distribution of cracks." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19242.

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Rodriguez, Ripoll Manel. "Drawing of tungsten wires: microstructure, mechanical properties and longitudinal cracks /." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/993546323/04.

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Cappelli, Marcus Domenic. "The Evolution of Multi-Site Small Cracks under Fatigue Loading." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14554.

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This thesis focuses on the growth of cracks which are small in relation to the material microstructure especially the situation of clusters of small cracks grown from smooth surfaces, termed micro-multi-site cracking, as is frequently the case for components in service. A proper understanding of this regime of crack growth will allow for less conservative maintenance schedules as well as the application of more sensitive health monitoring systems which are currently under development. To address the problem a significant experimental investigation of micro-multi-site cracking was conducted on 7075-T7351 aluminum alloy. Using the resulting data a micro-structurally based transition crack length is defined to determine the point which separates small and long crack growth. This definition is based upon the observed evolution of scatter in the growth rates of growing small cracks. It is shown that this scatter falls with growth until the transition point is reached where it assumes a constant value for the growth of long cracks. It is then shown that the total population of cracks within the clusters can be considered as bi-modal. One distribution consists of primary cracks which can grow and ultimately cause specimen failure. The second distribution consists of secondary cracks, the growth of which ultimately arrests. Several methods for experimentally separating the two distributions have been developed. The first method relies upon the defined transition point between small and long crack behavior. A second method based upon the second derivative of the crack length versus cycle count data has also been developed. Since the secondary cracks cannot lead to failure their data must be discarded prior to any analysis. It is then shown that failure to do so will lead to erroneous non-conservative predictions of crack growth.
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Rodríguez, Ripoll Manel [Verfasser]. "Drawing of Tungsten Wires: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Longitudinal Cracks / Manel Rodriguez Ripoll." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1126378704/34.

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Mirjana, Filipovic. "Evolution of artificial defects during shape rolling." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Materialvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5215.

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Very often defects are present in rolled products. For wire rods, defects are very deleterious since the wire rods are generally used directly in various applications. For this reason, the market nowadays requires wire rods to be completely defect-free. Any wire with defects must be rejected as scrap which is very costly for the production mill. Thus, it is very important to study the formation and evolution of defects during wire rod rolling in order to better understand and minimize the problem, at the same time improving quality of the wire rods and reducing production costs. The present work is focused on the evolution of artificial defects during rolling. Longitudinal surface defects are studied during shape rolling of an AISI M2 high speed steel and a longitudinal central inner defect is studied in an AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel during ultra-high-speed wire rod rolling. Experimental studies are carried out by rolling short rods prepared with arteficial defects. The evolution of the defects is characterised and compared to numerical analyses. The comparison shows that surface defects generally reduce quicker in the experiments than predicted by the simulations whereas a good agreement is generally obtained for the central defect.
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Cassidy, Anthony John. "The cultural evolution of achievement motivation and subjective well-being : a longitudinal analysis." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329446.

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Stanzani, Maserati Michelangelo <1975&gt. "Longitudinal evolution of cognitive functions in patients with multiple system atrophy: a prospective study." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5325/.

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Introduction and Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic, adult-onset, progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized clinically by parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic failure. We investigated cognitive functions longitudinally in a group of probable MSA patients, matching data with sleep parameters. Patients and Methods: 10 patients (7m/3f) underwent a detailed interview, a general and neurological examination, laboratory exams, MRI scans, a cardiovascular reflexes study, a battery of neuropsychological tests, and video-polysomnographic recording (VPSG). Patients were revaluated (T1) a mean of 16±5 (range: 12-28) months after the initial evaluation (T0). At T1, the neuropsychological assessment and VPSG were repeated. Results: The mean patient age was 57.8±6.4 years (range: 47-64) with a mean age at disease onset of 53.2±7.1 years (range: 43-61) and symptoms duration at T0 of 60±48 months (range: 12-144). At T0, 7 patients showed no cognitive deficits while 3 patients showed isolated cognitive deficits. At T1, 1 patient worsened developing multiple cognitive deficits from a normal condition. At T0 and T1, sleep efficiency was reduced, REM latency increased, NREM sleep stages 1-2 slightly increased. Comparisons between T1 and T0 showed a significant worsening in two tests of attention and no significant differences of VPSG parameters. No correlation was found between neuropsychological results and VPSG findings or RBD duration. Discussion and Conclusions: The majority of our patients do not show any cognitive deficits at T0 and T1, while isolated cognitive deficits are present in the remaining patients. Attention is the cognitive function which significantly worsened. Our data confirm the previous findings concerning the prevalence, type and the evolution of cognitive deficits in MSA. Regarding the developing of a condition of dementia, our data did not show a clear-cut diagnosis of dementia. We confirm a mild alteration of sleep structure. RBD duration does not correlate with neuropsychological findings.
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Filipovic, Mirjana. "Evolution of artificial defects during shape rolling." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Division of Mechanical Metallurgy, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Management, Royal Institute of Technology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4350.

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Dahlmann, Frederik. "Between inertia and adaptation : state and evolution of corporate environmental strategy." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512335.

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Companies in the 21st century are exposed to a variety of pressures to respond to a plethora of environmental issues. Understanding how these issues impact companies over time is, therefore, important for corporate practitioners and policy makers alike. This thesis investigates the state and evolution of corporate environmental strategy with the help of a multi-study, longitudinal research design. Theoretically grounded in complexity theory, a conceptual framework is developed that portrays organisations as open systems within which agents interact and attempt to improve organisational fitness. By conceptualising the organisational metaphor of ‘rugged fitness landscapes’, firms are depicted as complex adaptive systems searching for peaks on a constantly changing fitness landscape in order to guarantee economic long-term profit and survival. While study one examines environmental responses among a stratified sample of UK companies through repeated interviews both in 2006 and 2008, the second study draws on KLD data from S&P500 corporations for the period 1991 to 2006 by distinguishing between changes at firm and at population level. The findings suggest that the state and evolution of corporate environmental strategy are effectively subordinated to contributing towards firms’ fitness, whereby firms mostly attempt to remain profitable and obtain social legitimacy. Even over longer periods of time this behaviour has not changed markedly, except that starting from around 2004 higher levels of oil prices and lower interest rates have spurred more proactive environmental changes among a number of firms. Equally, different motivations, individuals and contextual factors appear to influence the varying patterns of evolution. The thesis fills a gap in the existing literature with respect to the lack of conceptual and empirical contributions about the evolution of corporate environmental strategy by providing new insights into how firms are responding to environmental issues over time and by extending various strands of theory.
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Books on the topic "Evolution of longitudinal cracks"

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Pao, Young-ping. Nonlinear evolution of longitudinal plasma waves. New York: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 1986.

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Pao, Young-ping. Nonlinear evolution of longitudinal plasma waves. New York: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Magneto-Fluid Dynamics Division, 1987.

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Czechowski, Zbigniew. A kinetic model of the evolution of cracks. Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Geofizyki, 1994.

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Cracks in the alliance: Science, technology, and the evolution of U.S.-Japan relations. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 1997.

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G, Siegel Miriam, and Rosenblum Andrew, eds. The evolution of character: Birth to 18 years : a longitudinal study. Madison, Conn: International Universities Press, 1992.

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Founding families of Pittsburgh: The evolution of a regional elite, 1760-1910. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1990.

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Cassidy, Anthony John. The cultural evolution of achievement motivation and subjective well-being: A longitudinal analysis. (s.l: The Author), 1988.

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Chess, Stella. Originsand evolution of behavior disorders: From infancy to early adult life. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1987.

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Chess, Stella. Origins and evolution of behavior disorders: From infancy to early adult life. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1987.

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1939-, Burton Frances D., ed. Social processes and mental abilities in non-human primates: Edivences from longitudinal field studies. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Evolution of longitudinal cracks"

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Grishin, V. A., V. V. Reut, and E. V. Reut. "Box-like Shells with Longitudinal Cracks." In Modern Analysis and Applications, 357–64. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-9921-4_22.

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Rădoane, Maria, Ionuț Cristea, Dan Dumitriu, and Ioana Perșoiu. "Geomorphological Evolution and Longitudinal Profiles." In Springer Geography, 427–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32589-7_18.

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Liu, Chunsheng, Weidong Wu, and Daoheng Sun. "Neural Network Based Fatigue Cracks Evolution." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 826–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28648-6_132.

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Albaghdadi, Baraa M. H., and A. O. Cherniavsky. "Arresting Longitudinal Cracks in Steel Pipelines: Computational Analysis Technique." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 993–1001. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22041-9_105.

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Marušić, Zrinka, Ivan Sever, and Sanda Čorak. "Identifying Trends in Tourism Demand Using Longitudinal Survey." In Evolution of Destination Planning and Strategy, 221–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42246-6_11.

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Epstein, Nancy. "Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament in Evolution." In OPLL, 85–93. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67046-9_11.

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Choudhury, Nazim, and Shahadat Uddin. "Evolution Similarity for Dynamic Link Prediction in Longitudinal Networks." In Complex Networks VIII, 109–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54241-6_9.

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Tessema, Addis, Dan Zhao, Addis Kidane, and Sanat K. Kumar. "Effect of Micro-Cracks on the Thermal Conductivity of Particulate Nanocomposite." In Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 8, 89–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21611-9_12.

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Wang, Chunlai. "Experimental Investigation on Nonlinear Dynamic Evolution Patterns of Cracks in Rock Failure Process." In Evolution, Monitoring and Predicting Models of Rockburst, 59–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7548-3_5.

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Molina-Cabello, Miguel A., Karl Thurnhofer-Hemsi, Enrique Domínguez, Ezequiel López-Rubio, and Esteban J. Palomo. "Longitudinal Study of the Learning Styles Evolution in Engineering Degrees." In 14th International Conference on Computational Intelligence in Security for Information Systems and 12th International Conference on European Transnational Educational (CISIS 2021 and ICEUTE 2021), 264–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87872-6_26.

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Conference papers on the topic "Evolution of longitudinal cracks"

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Cherif, Sadek Salem, and Tawfik Tamine. "Study of Buckling of Cracked Plate Reinforced in Compression." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50539.

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The objective of this paper is to numerically analyze the buckling of reinforced structures (stiffened plate) cracked under compressive stress by considering the evolution of cracks and its orientation. Numerical modeling and calculation by the finite element method, estimated the critical load for compression panel. The work presented in the article was inspired by several publications that related to this field. Brighenti have studied the behavior of elastic buckling of rectangular cracked thin plate for different boundaries conditions. Following these calculations, a calibration function was derived to estimate the load ratio Ψ to the compression function of the crack length and its inclination. We found that the variation of the critical stress is proportional to the crack dimensions. In buckling, a transverse crack is more stable than a longitudinal crack.
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Prueter, Phillip E. "Techniques for Simulating Creep Damage Evolution at Welds With Emphasis on Evaluating Longitudinal Seam Peaking in High-Temperature Piping Systems." In ASME 2018 Symposium on Elevated Temperature Application of Materials for Fossil, Nuclear, and Petrochemical Industries. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etam2018-6710.

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Realistically simulating the creep response of welded components can help quantify the risk associated with operating inservice, high-temperature equipment and can validate new component designs in the power generation and petrochemical industries. Detailed finite element analysis (FEA) is employed in this study and is coupled with generalized, non-linear creep simulation techniques to investigate the elevated temperature response of welds. Depending on original heat treatment, creep damage progression is known to be accelerated by the mismatch in properties of the base metal, weld deposit, and heat affected zone (HAZ). This mismatch results in stress intensification that can accelerate creep damage near a weldment (typically in or adjacent to the HAZ). In this paper, the effect of implementing an elastic damage parameter that adjusts the stiffness of the material as a function of creep damage is examined. This type of damage mechanics model has a significant impact on the predicted damage evolution near weld deposits and can realistically mimic observed in-service failures. Additionally, commentary on different creep damage failure criteria is provided. The simulations presented utilize the Materials Properties Council (MPC) Omega creep methodology, with particular emphasis on the behavior of high-temperature, low chrome (1-1/4 Cr 1/2 Mo) piping with longitudinal weld seam peaking. Application of these techniques to high-temperature, low chrome piping is relevant as there have been numerous related catastrophic failures in the power generation and petrochemical industries attributed to weld seam peaking. Commonly, weld peaking occurs during fabrication due to angular misalignment of rolled plate. Furthermore, for many fusion-welded piping fabrication standards, no tolerance for peaking is specified. Local peaking can induce significant local bending stresses, and for components that operate in the creep regime, the presence of peaking can lead to an increased risk for creep crack initiation, propagation, and eventual rupture. An overview of some well-known historical low chrome piping failures is provided in this paper, and a literature review on existing creep analysis and peaking measurement methodologies is offered. Additionally, the remaining life of low chrome piping systems is estimated and the sensitivity in results to variations in key parameters is highlighted; these parameters include operating temperature, magnitude of peaking, and the effect of heat treatment. The simulation techniques discussed in this paper are not only valuable in estimating remaining life of in-service components, but detailed analysis can help establish recommended weld seam peaking fabrication tolerances, appropriate manufacturing practices, and practical inspection intervals for high-temperature piping systems.
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Chen, Dar Hao, Taylor Crawford, David W. Fowler, James Jirsa, Megan Stringer, David Whitney, and Moon Won. "Repair of Longitudinal Joints and Cracks." In GeoHunan International Conference 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41048(355)15.

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Yao, Jia-liang, and Qing-hua Weng. "Treatments against Longitudinal Cracks on Cement Concrete Pavements." In GeoHunan International Conference 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/47633(412)6.

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Kumar, A., K. Choubey, P. Pandey, S. Dhakate, and E. Chacko. "Reduction in Rejection Due to Longitudinal Corner Cracks." In AISTech 2020. AIST, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/380/093.

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Van Wittenberghe, Jeroen, and Filip Van Den Abeele. "Fatigue Design of Hybrid Welded Steel Beams." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-19043.

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Abstract Hot rolled sections such as I- and H-beams are commonly used as structural elements in offshore platforms. They exhibit a superior fatigue life compared to welded sections due to smooth corners and the absence of welds between the flange and web plates. Hence, when loaded in fatigue, the butt welds joining different sections are the hotspots in the design. Due to the size of the rolling installations, the maximum height for such sections is limited. To overcome these limitations, a hybrid welded beam concept is studied. This concept consists of 2 hot rolled T-sections with a plate welded in between to form an H-beam with increased section height. The advantage of this approach is that it maintains the smooth corners of the hot rolled sections and places the longitudinal welds closer to the neutral axis of the beam where the stress levels in bending are reduced compared to the flange-web interface. Hence, the butt weld between different beam sections remains the hotspot instead of the longitudinal weld. In the present work the fatigue design of such hybrid welded beams is studied. As part of this research, an efficient experimental assessment methodology is proposed. Fatigue tests are performed on a large-scale resonant bending test setup allowing a testing frequency of around 30 Hz. Tests are performed on HISTAR HE girders with a section height of 696 mm and 524 mm. As a reference, fatigue tests are performed on hot rolled HE beams joined by butt welding. Hybrid welded beams will be tested in the same setup at a later stage. During the tests, fatigue crack initiation is detected using an acoustic emission system. Further crack propagation is monitored through local strain measurements and by intermediate inspections during the tests. In addition, the beach marking method is applied, allowing to investigate the evolution of the crack front by post-mortem analysis.
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Ge, Jiuhao, Wei Li, Yanyun Wu, and Xinan Yuan. "Uniform Induced Electromagnetic Features around Longitudinal and Transverse Cracks." In 2016 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Technologies and Applications. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaita-16.2016.83.

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Chen, Dar Hao, David W. Fowler, David P. Whitney, and Moon Won. "Results of Repairs on Texas Longitudinal Joints and Cracks." In GeoHunan International Conference 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/47629(408)26.

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"FEATHERING CRACKS FORMATION AT SINGLE WING CRACK EVOLUTION." In Engineering Mechanics 2019. Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21495/71-0-157.

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Hammani, K., B. Kibler, A. Chabchoub, J. M. Dudley, and C. Finot. "Longitudinal phase evolution of Peregrine-like breathers." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity and Poling in Glass Waveguides and Materials. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgppm.2018.jtu5a.37.

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Reports on the topic "Evolution of longitudinal cracks"

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Murphy, J. B., Juhao Wu, X. J. Wang, and T. Watanabe. Longitudinal Coherence Preservation and Chirp Evolution in a High Gain Laser Seeded Free Electron Laser Amplifier. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/883267.

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López-Rabadán, Pablo. Evolution of the Spanish media agenda (1980-2010). Longitudinal analysis of the front pages of two of the most important Spanish newspapers. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2012-964en.

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Roesler, Jeffery, Roberto Montemayor, John DeSantis, and Prakhar Gupta. Evaluation of Premature Cracking in Urban Concrete Pavement. Illinois Center for Transportation, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-001.

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This study investigated the causes for premature, transverse cracking on urban jointed plain concrete pavements in Illinois. A field survey of 67 sections throughout Illinois coupled with ultrasonic evaluation was completed to synthesize the extent of premature cracking on urban JPCP. The visual survey showed some transverse and longitudinal cracks were a result of improper slab geometry (excessive slab length and width). Ultrasonic tests over the contraction joints determined some notched joints had not activated and adjacent transverse cracks were likely formed as a result. Three-dimensional finite-element analyses confirmed that cracking would not develop as a result of normal environmental factors and slab-base frictional restraint. The concrete mixture also did not appear to be a contributing factor to the premature cracks. Finally, the lack of lubrication on dowel bars was determined to potentially be a primary mechanism that could restrain the transverse contraction joints, produce excessive tensile stresses in the slab, and cause premature transverse cracks to develop.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Montenegro. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrme.2020.12.

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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Edu-cation or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Montenegro. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that between 2011 and 2019, the youth population aged 15 to 29 years has been decreasing in Montenegro. Youth unemployment in rural areas is more noticeable, even though the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications and young people in the category of early school leavers in rural areas between 2011-2019. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Montenegro is higher in rural areas, compared to urban regions, thus revealing territorial inequalities in access to employment and education opportunities.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Turkey. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrtr.2020.12.

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This report describes the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Turkey. To achieve this goal, the report portrays indicators of youth population, youth employment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution. Since the urban/rural distinction is not clear in Turkey, the overtime change in the status of the Rural NEETs can-not be analysed.The adopted statistical procedures across the different selected dimensions involves descriptive longitudinal analysis, using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts) as well as the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019 and 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indi-cators evolution before and after the economic crisis that hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets, in addition we also used the statistics provi-ded by the Statistical Institute of Turkey, in addition to some academic works.The analyses show that Turkey has an ageing population, and that the share of the youth in the population declined over years. The relatively younger population of Turkey has pre-viously always been accepted as an advantage, but this advantage has disappeared with declining birth rates. The transition to a new administrative system in 2012 prevents a de-tailed analysis of the situation of rural NEETS. However, the available data shows that there is a significant gender gap and the lower levels of female labour force participation has led to the emergence of the NEETs as a gendered problem.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Portugal. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrpt.2020.12.

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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural youths Neither in Employment, nor in Edu-cation or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Portugal. To do this, the report portrays indicators of: youth population; youth em-ployment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopts the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, thereby enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail.The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets.The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years has been increasing in Portugal. Although the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities, rural areas faced more difficulties in overcoming the effects of the crisis, particularly among young adults aged over 25 years. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications compared with young people in early school leavers in rural areas between 2009-2019, even though it still remains well above the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strategy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Portugal is higher in rural areas, in all age groups with available data, compared to cities and towns and suburbs, thereby revealing territorial in-equalities in access to employment and education opportunities.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Spain. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nres.2020.12.

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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Spain. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail.The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets.In the last ten years (2009 - 2019) a significant portion of the Spanish youth population has migrated from rural areas to cities and towns. This migration trend could be explained by the economic crisis which impacted upon Spain from 2008 onwards. Data shown in this report makes visible the vulnerability of rural NEET youth to these downturns from 2009 to 2013. In line with this, Early-school leaving (ESLET) and unemployment rates in rural areas were more pronounced in 2013 and the following years for rural youth in comparison with youth living in urban areas and towns. However, in the last two years (2017-2019) there has been a sharp decrease in these indicators placing youth living rural areas, on average, in line with the rest (i.e., an average NEET youth rate in Spain 15% versus 16% for rural areas).
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Croatia. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrhr.2020.12.

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This report presents the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) in Croatia, aged between 15 and 34 years old, in the period from 2009 until 2019. To achieve this goal, the report utilised indicators of youth population, youth em-ployment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criteria, enabling comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further collapsed into age sub-groups and, when possible, in sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involved des-criptive longitudinal analysis, using figures (e.g., line charts) as well as the calculation of abso-lute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019 and 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indicators evolution before and after the economic crisis that hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years has been decreasing in Croatia. Youth unemployment was marked by two distinct periods, one from 2009 to 2013 (with higher rates of youth unemployment) and another from 2013 to 2019 (with the decrease in unemployment rates, with lower unemployment rates in ci-ties and higher in towns and suburbs and rural areas). In the field of education, however, there has been a decrease of the Croatian population with lower levels of education and an increase of the proportion of those with higher educational attainment. Finally, the propor-tion of NEETs in Croatia is higher in rural areas compared to cities and towns and suburbs, revealing territorial inequalities in access to employment and education opportunities.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Bulgaria. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.ndbg.2020.12.

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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Bulgaria. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; you-th employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characteri-sation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling proportional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indi-cators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years has been increasing in Bulgaria. Although the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities, rural areas faced more difficulties in overcoming the effects of the crisis, particularly among young adults aged over 25 years. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications compared with young people in early school leavers in rural areas between 2009-2019, even though it still remains well above the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strate-gy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Bulgaria is higher in rural areas, in all age groups with available data, compared to cities and towns and suburbs, thereby revealing territorial inequalities in access to employment and education opportunities
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National reports 2009-2019 - Rural NEET across Europe (14 countries reports). OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nr14.2020.12.

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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: you-th population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central cri-terion, enabling proportional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from ILOSTAT explorer public datasets.The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 youth population in both rural and urban areas decreased. In general, a strong decline in youth population was observed within all categories, with the most significant decrease within the age group 25-29 (21.57%) and 15-19 (20.35%). Youth employment has tended to decrease overall, and the decrease is stron-ger within rural regions. Interestingly, youth unemployment has also tended to decrease, and a significantly higher share of unemployed youth is from rural regions. A somewhat similar trend is observed in the field of education where the number of those enrolled significantly decreased during the observed period for all education levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The ESLET rate tended to decrease, while the proportion of the female po-pulation tends to have higher ESLET levels compared to the male population. However, the ESLET rate is still below the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strategy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Bosnia and Herzegovina is higher in rural areas, while in general the tendency has been for it to decrease during the observed period.
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