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Journal articles on the topic 'Evolution of traits'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Burke, Molly K., and Michael R. Rose. "Experimental evolution with Drosophila." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 296, no. 6 (2009): R1847—R1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90551.2008.

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Experimental evolution is a powerful approach that can be used for the study of adaptation. Evolutionary biologists often use Drosophila as a model organism in experiments that test theories about the evolution of traits related to fitness. Such evolution experiments can take three forms: direct selection for a trait of interest; surveys of traits of interest in populations selected for other traits; and reverse selection. We review some of the Drosophila experiments that have provided insight into both the evolution of particular physiological traits and the correlations between physiological

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Rajon, Etienne, and Joshua B. Plotkin. "The evolution of genetic architectures underlying quantitative traits." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1769 (2013): 20131552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1552.

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In the classic view introduced by R. A. Fisher, a quantitative trait is encoded by many loci with small, additive effects. Recent advances in quantitative trait loci mapping have begun to elucidate the genetic architectures underlying vast numbers of phenotypes across diverse taxa, producing observations that sometimes contrast with Fisher's blueprint. Despite these considerable empirical efforts to map the genetic determinants of traits, it remains poorly understood how the genetic architecture of a trait should evolve, or how it depends on the selection pressures on the trait. Here, we devel

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Kellogg, Elizabeth A. "Evolution of developmental traits." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 7, no. 1 (2004): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2003.11.004.

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Ho, Wei-Chin, Yoshikazu Ohya, and Jianzhi Zhang. "Testing the neutral hypothesis of phenotypic evolution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 46 (2017): 12219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710351114.

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Although evolution by natural selection is widely regarded as the most important principle of biology, it is unknown whether phenotypic variations within and between species are mostly adaptive or neutral due to the lack of relevant studies of large, unbiased samples of phenotypic traits. Here, we examine 210 yeast morphological traits chosen because of experimental feasibility irrespective of their potential adaptive values. Our analysis is based on the premise that, under neutrality, the rate of phenotypic evolution measured in the unit of mutational size declines as the trait becomes more i

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Currie, Thomas E., Simon J. Greenhill, and Ruth Mace. "Is horizontal transmission really a problem for phylogenetic comparative methods? A simulation study using continuous cultural traits." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1559 (2010): 3903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0014.

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Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) provide a potentially powerful toolkit for testing hypotheses about cultural evolution. Here, we build on previous simulation work to assess the effect horizontal transmission between cultures has on the ability of both phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic methods to make inferences about trait evolution. We found that the mode of horizontal transmission of traits has important consequences for both methods. Where traits were horizontally transmitted separately , PCMs accurately reported when trait evolution was not correlated even at the highest levels of

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Gomulkiewicz, Richard, Joel G. Kingsolver, Patrick A. Carter, and Nancy Heckman. "Variation and Evolution of Function-Valued Traits." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 49, no. 1 (2018): 139–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022830.

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Function-valued traits—phenotypes whose expression depends on a continuous index (such as age, temperature, or space)—occur throughout biology and, like any trait, it is important to understand how they vary and evolve. Although methods for analyzing variation and evolution of function-valued traits are well developed, they have been underutilized by evolutionists, especially those who study natural populations. We seek to summarize advances in the study of function-valued traits and to make their analyses more approachable and accessible to biologists who could benefit greatly from their use.

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Ofria, Charles, Wei Huang, and Eric Torng. "On the Gradual Evolution of Complexity and the Sudden Emergence of Complex Features." Artificial Life 14, no. 3 (2008): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl.2008.14.3.14302.

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Evolutionary theory explains the origin of complex organismal features through a combination of reusing and extending information from less-complex traits, and by needing to exploit only one of many unlikely pathways to a viable solution. While the appearance of a new trait may seem sudden, we show that the underlying information associated with each trait evolves gradually. We study this process using digital organisms, self-replicating computer programs that mutate and evolve novel traits, including complex logic operations. When a new complex trait first appears, its proper function immedia

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Matthews, Genevieve, Sandra Hangartner, David G. Chapple, and Tim Connallon. "Quantifying maladaptation during the evolution of sexual dimorphism." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1908 (2019): 20191372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1372.

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Females and males have distinct trait optima, resulting in selection for sexual dimorphism. However, most traits have strong cross-sex genetic correlations, which constrain evolutionary divergence between the sexes and lead to protracted periods of maladaptation during the evolution of sexual dimorphism. While such constraints are thought to be costly in terms of individual and population fitness, it remains unclear how severe such costs are likely to be. Building upon classical models for the ‘cost of selection’ in changing environments ( sensu Haldane), we derived a theoretical expression fo

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Savell, Kristen R. R., Benjamin M. Auerbach, and Charles C. Roseman. "Constraint, natural selection, and the evolution of human body form." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 34 (2016): 9492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603632113.

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Variation in body form among human groups is structured by a blend of natural selection driven by local climatic conditions and random genetic drift. However, attempts to test ecogeographic hypotheses have not distinguished between adaptive traits (i.e., those that evolved as a result of selection) and those that evolved as a correlated response to selection on other traits (i.e., nonadaptive traits), complicating our understanding of the relationship between climate and morphological distinctions among populations. Here, we use evolutionary quantitative methods to test if traits previously id

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Legrand, Delphine, Nicolas Larranaga, Romain Bertrand, et al. "Evolution of a butterfly dispersal syndrome." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1839 (2016): 20161533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1533.

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The existence of dispersal syndromes contrasting disperser from resident phenotypes within populations has been intensively documented across taxa. However, how such suites of phenotypic traits emerge and are maintained is largely unknown, although deciphering the processes shaping the evolution of dispersal phenotypes is a key in ecology and evolution. In this study, we created artificial populations of a butterfly, in which we controlled for individual phenotypes and measured experimentally the roles of selection and genetic constraints on the correlations between dispersal-related traits: f

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Cruz, Félix B., Débora Lina Moreno Azocar, Bieke Vanhooydonck, James A. Schulte, Cristian S. Abdala, and Anthony Herrel. "Drivers and patterns of bite force evolution in liolaemid lizards." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 134, no. 1 (2021): 126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab075.

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Abstract Phenotypic variation is the result of selection on traits that are relevant in a given ecological context. Phylogenetic history, genetic drift, and any developmental or structural constraints may, however, limit variation in trait expression. It has been proposed that organismal performance traits take up a pivotal role in driving variation in morphology due to their central role in survival and reproductive success. However, how strong the links are between morphology and performance, and how the strength of this relationship impacts the rate of evolution of form and function need to

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DERCOLE, FABIO. "BORDER COLLISION BIFURCATIONS IN THE EVOLUTION OF MUTUALISTIC INTERACTIONS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 15, no. 07 (2005): 2179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127405013241.

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The paper describes the slow evolution of two adaptive traits that regulate the interactions between two mutualistic populations (e.g. a flowering plant and its insect pollinator). For frozen values of the traits, the two populations can either coexist or go extinct. The values of the traits for which populations extinction is guaranteed are therefore of no interest from an evolutionary point of view. In other words, the evolutionary dynamics must be studied only in a viable subset of trait space, which is bounded due to the physiological cost of extreme trait values. Thus, evolutionary dynami

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Wu, Yun, Xu-Yu Duan, Yong Xiang, et al. "Pollinator-dependent evolution of floral trait combinations in an orchid herb." Journal of Plant Ecology 13, no. 4 (2020): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa033.

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Abstract Aims As one of the most important agents driving floral evolution, pollinators shape the diversity of flowers in angiosperms. However, most previous studies have only quantified pollinators driving the evolution of a single floral trait, and experimental estimates of the potential role of pollinators in shaping the evolution of floral trait associations are relatively rare. Methods We experimentally identified and estimated the pollinator-mediated directional and correlational selection on single floral traits and trait combinations across 2 years in an orchid species, Spiranthes sine

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LAKE, MARK W., and ENRICO R. CREMA. "THE CULTURAL EVOLUTION OF ADAPTIVE-TRAIT DIVERSITY WHEN RESOURCES ARE UNCERTAIN AND FINITE." Advances in Complex Systems 15, no. 01n02 (2012): 1150013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525911003323.

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In this paper, we seek to build on existing mathematical studies of cultural change by exploring how the diversity of adaptive cultural traits evolves by innovation and cultural transmission when the payoff from adopting traits is both uncertain and frequency dependent. The model is particularly aimed at understanding the evolution of subsistence trait diversity, since the payoff from exploiting particular resources is often variable and subject to diminishing returns as a result of overexploitation. We find that traits that exploit the same shared resource evolve most quickly when intermediat

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Harpak, Arbel, and Molly Przeworski. "The evolution of group differences in changing environments." PLOS Biology 19, no. 1 (2021): e3001072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001072.

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The selection pressures that have shaped the evolution of complex traits in humans remain largely unknown, and in some contexts highly contentious, perhaps above all where they concern mean trait differences among groups. To date, the discussion has focused on whether such group differences have any genetic basis, and if so, whether they are without fitness consequences and arose via random genetic drift, or whether they were driven by selection for different trait optima in different environments. Here, we highlight a plausible alternative: that many complex traits evolve under stabilizing se

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Tarasov, Sergei. "Integration of Anatomy Ontologies and Evo-Devo Using Structured Markov Models Suggests a New Framework for Modeling Discrete Phenotypic Traits." Systematic Biology 68, no. 5 (2019): 698–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz005.

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Abstract Modeling discrete phenotypic traits for either ancestral character state reconstruction or morphology-based phylogenetic inference suffers from ambiguities of character coding, homology assessment, dependencies, and selection of adequate models. These drawbacks occur because trait evolution is driven by two key processes—hierarchical and hidden—which are not accommodated simultaneously by the available phylogenetic methods. The hierarchical process refers to the dependencies between anatomical body parts, while the hidden process refers to the evolution of gene regulatory networks (GR

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Hadjipantelis, Pantelis Z., Nick S. Jones, John Moriarty, David A. Springate, and Christopher G. Knight. "Function-valued traits in evolution." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 82 (2013): 20121032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.1032.

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Many biological characteristics of evolutionary interest are not scalar variables but continuous functions. Given a dataset of function-valued traits generated by evolution, we develop a practical, statistical approach to infer ancestral function-valued traits, and estimate the generative evolutionary process. We do this by combining dimension reduction and phylogenetic Gaussian process regression, a non-parametric procedure that explicitly accounts for known phylogenetic relationships. We test the performance of methods on simulated, function-valued data generated from a stochastic evolutiona

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Gamberale-Stille, Gabriella, Baharan Kazemi, Alexandra Balogh, and Olof Leimar. "Biased generalization of salient traits drives the evolution of warning signals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1877 (2018): 20180283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0283.

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The importance of receiver biases in shaping the evolution of many signalling systems is widely acknowledged. Here, we show that receiver bias can explain which traits evolve to become warning signals. For warning coloration, a generalization bias for a signalling trait can result from predators learning to discriminate unprofitable from profitable prey. However, because the colour patterns of prey are complex traits with multiple components, it is crucial to understand which of the many aspects of prey appearance evolve into signals. We provide experimental evidence that the more salient diff

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Pavlicev, Mihaela, James M. Cheverud, and Günter P. Wagner. "Evolution of adaptive phenotypic variation patterns by direct selection for evolvability." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1713 (2010): 1903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2113.

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A basic assumption of the Darwinian theory of evolution is that heritable variation arises randomly. In this context, randomness means that mutations arise irrespective of the current adaptive needs imposed by the environment. It is broadly accepted, however, that phenotypic variation is not uniformly distributed among phenotypic traits, some traits tend to covary, while others vary independently, and again others barely vary at all. Furthermore, it is well established that patterns of trait variation differ among species. Specifically, traits that serve different functions tend to be less cor

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Palestrini, Claudia, Antonio Rolando, and Paola Laiolo. "Allometric relationships and character evolution in Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 7 (2000): 1199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-056.

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Allometric relationships in primary sexual traits (male and female genitalia), secondary sexual traits (male horns and female carinae), and non-sex-related traits (external body traits, epipharynx traits) were studied in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus. Model II regressions of log-transformed data were used to quantify relationships, with pronotum width as regressor and indicator of overall body size. Slopes (allometric values) for the different trait categories were significantly different, with secondary sexual traits showing the highest values (higher than 1.0), followed by external body

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Kondrashov, Alexey S., and Lev Yu Yampolsky. "Evolution of amphimixis and recombination under fluctuating selection in one and many traits." Genetical Research 68, no. 2 (1996): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300034054.

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SummaryBoth stabilizing and directional selection acting on one or many quantitative traits usually reduce the genetic variance in a polymorphic population. Amphimixis and recombination restore the variance, pushing it closer to its value under linkage equilibrium. They thus increase the response of the population to fluctuating selection and decrease the genetic load when the mean phenotype is far from optimum. Amphimixis can have a short-term advantage over apomixis if selection fluctuates frequently and widely, so that every genotype often has a low fitness. Such selection causes high genet

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Lord, Etienne, Jananan S. Pathmanathan, Eduardo Corel, et al. "Introducing Trait Networks to Elucidate the Fluidity of Organismal Evolution Using Palaeontological Data." Genome Biology and Evolution 11, no. 9 (2019): 2653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz182.

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Abstract Explaining the evolution of animals requires ecological, developmental, paleontological, and phylogenetic considerations because organismal traits are affected by complex evolutionary processes. Modeling a plurality of processes, operating at distinct time-scales on potentially interdependent traits, can benefit from approaches that are complementary treatments to phylogenetics. Here, we developed an inclusive network approach, implemented in the command line software ComponentGrapher, and analyzed trait co-occurrence of rhinocerotoid mammals. We identified stable, unstable, and pivot

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Milla, Rubén, Javier Morente-López, J. Miguel Alonso-Rodrigo, Nieves Martín-Robles, and F. Stuart Chapin. "Shifts and disruptions in resource-use trait syndromes during the evolution of herbaceous crops." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1793 (2014): 20141429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1429.

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Trait-based ecology predicts that evolution in high-resource agricultural environments should select for suites of traits that enable fast resource acquisition and rapid canopy closure. However, crop breeding targets specific agronomic attributes rather than broad trait syndromes. Breeding for specific traits, together with evolution in high-resource environments, might lead to reduced phenotypic integration, according to predictions from the ecological literature. We provide the first comprehensive test of these hypotheses, based on a trait-screening programme of 30 herbaceous crops and their

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Jhwueng, Dwueng-Chwuan, and Chih-Ping Wang. "Phylogenetic Curved Optimal Regression for Adaptive Trait Evolution." Entropy 23, no. 2 (2021): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23020218.

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Regression analysis using line equations has been broadly applied in studying the evolutionary relationship between the response trait and its covariates. However, the characteristics among closely related species in nature present abundant diversities where the nonlinear relationship between traits have been frequently observed. By treating the evolution of quantitative traits along a phylogenetic tree as a set of continuous stochastic variables, statistical models for describing the dynamics of the optimum of the response trait and its covariates are built herein. Analytical representations

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Sack, Lawren, and Thomas N. Buckley. "Trait Multi-Functionality in Plant Stress Response." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 1 (2019): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz152.

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Abstract Plants often experience multiple stresses in a given day or season, and it is self-evident that given functional traits can provide tolerances of multiple stresses. Yet, the multiple functions of individual traits are rarely explicitly considered in ecology and evolution due to a lack of a quantitative framework. We present a theory for considering the combined importance of the several functions that a single trait can contribute to alleviating multiple stresses. We derive five inter-related general predictions: (1) that trait multifunctionality is overall highly beneficial to fitnes

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Kong, WenQian, Pheonah Nabukalu, T. Stan Cox, et al. "Comparative evolution of vegetative branching in sorghum." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0255922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255922.

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Tillering and secondary branching are two plastic traits with high agronomic importance, especially in terms of the ability of plants to adapt to changing environments. We describe a quantitative trait analysis of tillering and secondary branching in two novel BC1F2 populations totaling 246 genotypes derived from backcrossing two Sorghum bicolor x S. halepense F1 plants to a tetraploidized S. bicolor. A two-year, two-environment phenotypic evaluation in Bogart, GA and Salina, KS permitted us to identify major effect and environment specific QTLs. Significant correlation between tillering and s

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Wagner, William E., Oliver M. Beckers, Amanda E. Tolle, and Alexandra L. Basolo. "Tradeoffs limit the evolution of male traits that are attractive to females." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1739 (2012): 2899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0275.

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Tradeoffs occur between a variety of traits in a diversity of organisms, and these tradeoffs can have major effects on ecological and evolutionary processes. Far less is known, however, about tradeoffs between male traits that affect mate attraction than about tradeoffs between other types of traits. Previous results indicate that females of the variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps , prefer male songs with higher chirp rates and longer chirp durations. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that a tradeoff between these traits affects the evolution of male song. The two traits w

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Mathews, Sally, and Stephen P. Bonser. "Life histories, ecological tolerance limits, and the evolution of geographic range size in Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 53, no. 6 (2005): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05010.

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Current theories explaining variability in species geographic range sizes in plants tend to focus on how traits associated with either physiological tolerance limits or life histories are related to range size. In trees, aspects of both physiological tolerance (e.g. drought tolerance) and life history (e.g. life span and growth rate) are related to stem traits such as wood density and height relative to diameter. We examined how the evolution of stem traits is related to geographic range sizes in Eucalyptus at two spatial scales: across the Australian continent and within the wet forests near

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Fritzsche, K., N. Timmermeyer, M. Wolter, and N. K. Michiels. "Female, but not male, nematodes evolve under experimental sexual coevolution." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1796 (2014): 20140942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0942.

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Coevolution between the sexes is often considered to be male-driven: the male genome is constantly scanned by selection for traits that increase relative male fertilization success. Whenever these traits are harmful to females, the female genome is scanned for resistance traits. The resulting antagonistic coevolution between the sexes is analogous to Red Queen dynamics, where adaptation and counteradaptation keep each other in check. However, the underlying assumption that male trait evolution precedes female trait counteradaptation has received few empirical tests. Using the gonochoristic nem

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Si, Weimin, William A. Berggren, and Marie-Pierre Aubry. "Mosaic evolution in the middle Miocene planktonic foraminifera Fohsella lineage." Paleobiology 44, no. 2 (2018): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2017.23.

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AbstractRecent studies have shown that modes of evolution, namely directional trend, random walk, and stasis, vary across morphologic traits and over the geographic range of a taxon. If so, is it possible that our interpretation of evolutionary modes is actually driven by our selection of traits in a study? In an attempt to answer this question, we have restudied the middle Miocene planktonic foraminifera Fohsella lineage, an iconic example of gradual morphologic evolution. In contrast to previous studies that have focused on the gross morphology as embodied by the edge view of tests, we analy

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Walworth, Nathan G., Jana Hinners, Phoebe A. Argyle, et al. "The evolution of trait correlations constrains phenotypic adaptation to high CO 2 in a eukaryotic alga." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1953 (2021): 20210940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0940.

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Microbes form the base of food webs and drive biogeochemical cycling. Predicting the effects of microbial evolution on global elemental cycles remains a significant challenge due to the sheer number of interacting environmental and trait combinations. Here, we present an approach for integrating multivariate trait data into a predictive model of trait evolution. We investigated the outcome of thousands of possible adaptive walks parameterized using empirical evolution data from the alga Chlamydomonas exposed to high CO 2 . We found that the direction of historical bias (existing trait correlat

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López-Sáez, Mercedes, J. Francisco Morales, and Ana Lisbona. "Evolution of Gender Stereotypes in Spain: Traits and Roles." Spanish Journal of Psychology 11, no. 2 (2008): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600004613.

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The aim of this study is twofold: to determine whether (and how) gender stereotypes have changed over time through a comparison of two different sets of data collected in 1993 (N = 1255) and 2001 (N = 1255) from a representative sample of the Spanish population, and to examine the relation between gender traits and roles and its stability over time. In addition, special attention is paid to the psychometric properties of the measures of gender traits and roles used in the study. The content of gender stereotypes was found to remain stable over the target period of time, confirming the classica

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Smaldino, Paul E. "The cultural evolution of emergent group-level traits." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 3 (2014): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13001544.

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AbstractMany of the most important properties of human groups – including properties that may give one group an evolutionary advantage over another – are properly defined only at the level of group organization. Yet at present, most work on the evolution of culture has focused solely on the transmission of individual-level traits. I propose a conceptual extension of the theory of cultural evolution, particularly related to the evolutionary competition between cultural groups. The key concept in this extension is the emergent group-level trait. This type of trait is characterized by the structu

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Cicero, Carla, Nicholas A. Mason, Lauryn Benedict, and James D. Rising. "Behavioral, morphological, and ecological trait evolution in two clades of New World Sparrows (Aimophila and Peucaea, Passerellidae)." PeerJ 8 (June 19, 2020): e9249. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9249.

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The New World sparrows (Passerellidae) are a large, diverse group of songbirds that vary in morphology, behavior, and ecology. Thus, they are excellent for studying trait evolution in a phylogenetic framework. We examined lability versus conservatism in morphological and behavioral traits in two related clades of sparrows (Aimophila, Peucaea), and assessed whether habitat has played an important role in trait evolution. We first inferred a multi-locus phylogeny which we used to reconstruct ancestral states, and then quantified phylogenetic signal among morphological and behavioral traits in th

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O'Leary, Nataly, Carolina Isabel Calviño, Susana Martínez, Pat Lu-Irving, Richard G. Olmstead, and Maria Ema Múlgura. "Evolution of morphological traits in Verbenaceae." American Journal of Botany 99, no. 11 (2012): 1778–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200123.

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Riska, Bruce. "Composite Traits, Selection Response, and Evolution." Evolution 43, no. 6 (1989): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2409355.

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Riska, Bruce. "COMPOSITE TRAITS, SELECTION RESPONSE, AND EVOLUTION." Evolution 43, no. 6 (1989): 1172–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02567.x.

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Bass, Andrew, and Robert Baker. "Evolution of Homologous Vocal Control Traits." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 38, no. 4-5 (1991): 240–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000114391.

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Stout, Rowland. "The Evolution of Theoretically Useful Traits." Biology & Philosophy 13, no. 4 (1998): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1006523004188.

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Matessi, Carlo, and Cristina Di Pasquale. "Long-term evolution of multilocus traits." Journal of Mathematical Biology 34, no. 5-6 (1996): 613–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002850050023.

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Matessi, Carlo, and Cristina Di Pasquale. "Long-term evolution of multilocus traits." Journal of Mathematical Biology 34, no. 5-6 (1996): 613–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02409752.

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Yang, Chin Jian, Luis Fernando Samayoa, Peter J. Bradbury, et al. "The genetic architecture of teosinte catalyzed and constrained maize domestication." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 12 (2019): 5643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820997116.

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The process of evolution under domestication has been studied using phylogenetics, population genetics–genomics, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, gene expression assays, and archaeology. Here, we apply an evolutionary quantitative genetic approach to understand the constraints imposed by the genetic architecture of trait variation in teosinte, the wild ancestor of maize, and the consequences of domestication on genetic architecture. Using modern teosinte and maize landrace populations as proxies for the ancestor and domesticate, respectively, we estimated heritabilities, additive and do

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Pitchers, William, Jason B. Wolf, Tom Tregenza, John Hunt, and Ian Dworkin. "Evolutionary rates for multivariate traits: the role of selection and genetic variation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1649 (2014): 20130252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0252.

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A fundamental question in evolutionary biology is the relative importance of selection and genetic architecture in determining evolutionary rates. Adaptive evolution can be described by the multivariate breeders' equation ( ), which predicts evolutionary change for a suite of phenotypic traits ( ) as a product of directional selection acting on them ( β ) and the genetic variance–covariance matrix for those traits ( G ). Despite being empirically challenging to estimate, there are enough published estimates of G and β to allow for synthesis of general patterns across species. We use published

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Matsumoto, Yoshie, and Nobihito Jin. "Co-evolution of leader traits and member traits in social dilemmas." JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 50, no. 1 (2010): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2130/jjesp.50.15.

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Houle, David, and Changde Cheng. "Predicting the Evolution of Sexual Dimorphism in Gene Expression." Molecular Biology and Evolution 38, no. 5 (2021): 1847–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa329.

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Abstract Sexual dimorphism in gene expression is likely to be the underlying source of dimorphism in a variety of traits. Many analyses implicitly make the assumption that dimorphism only evolves when selection favors different phenotypes in the two sexes, although theory makes clear that it can also evolve as an indirect response to other kinds of selection. Furthermore, previous analyses consider the evolution of a single transcript or trait at a time, ignoring the genetic covariance with other transcripts and traits. We first show which aspects of the genetic-variance–covariance matrix, G,

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Wang, Yaxuan, Zhen Cao, Huw A. Ogilvie, and Luay Nakhleh. "Phylogenomic assessment of the role of hybridization and introgression in trait evolution." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 8 (2021): e1009701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009701.

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Trait evolution among a set of species—a central theme in evolutionary biology—has long been understood and analyzed with respect to a species tree. However, the field of phylogenomics, which has been propelled by advances in sequencing technologies, has ushered in the era of species/gene tree incongruence and, consequently, a more nuanced understanding of trait evolution. For a trait whose states are incongruent with the branching patterns in the species tree, the same state could have arisen independently in different species (homoplasy) or followed the branching patterns of gene trees, inco

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Queller, David C., and Joan E. Strassmann. "Beyond society: the evolution of organismality." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1533 (2009): 3143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0095.

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The evolution of organismality is a social process. All organisms originated from groups of simpler units that now show high cooperation among the parts and are nearly free of conflicts. We suggest that this near-unanimous cooperation be taken as the defining trait of organisms. Consistency then requires that we accept some unconventional organisms, including some social insect colonies, some microbial groups and viruses, a few sexual partnerships and a number of mutualistic associations. Whether we call these organisms or not, a major task is to explain such cooperative entities, and our surv

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Dalsgaard, Bo, Jonathan D. Kennedy, Benno I. Simmons, et al. "Trait evolution, resource specialization and vulnerability to plant extinctions among Antillean hummingbirds." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1875 (2018): 20172754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2754.

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Species traits are thought to predict feeding specialization and the vulnerability of a species to extinctions of interaction partners, but the context in which a species evolved and currently inhabits may also matter. Notably, the predictive power of traits may require that traits evolved to fit interaction partners. Furthermore, local abiotic and biotic conditions may be important. On islands, for instance, specialized and vulnerable species are predicted to be found mainly in mountains, whereas species in lowlands should be generalized and less vulnerable. We evaluated these predictions for

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Phillips, Anna G., Till Töpfer, Katrin Böhning-Gaese, and Susanne A. Fritz. "Rates of ecomorphological trait evolution in passerine bird clades are independent of age." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129, no. 3 (2020): 543–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz198.

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Abstract Although the links between species richness and diversification rates with clade age have been studied extensively, few studies have investigated the relationship between the rates of trait evolution and clade age. The rate of morphological trait evolution has repeatedly been shown to vary through time, as expected, for example, for adaptive radiations, but the strength and sources of this variation are not well understood. We compare the relationship between the rates of trait evolution and clade age across eight monophyletic clades of passerine birds by investigating ecomorphologica

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Eberhard, William G. "Modular patterns in behavioural evolution: webs derived from orbs." Behaviour 155, no. 6 (2018): 531–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003502.

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Abstract Imperfect knowledge of ancestral behaviour often hampers tracing behavioural evolution. This limitation is reduced in orb weaving spiders, because spider orb web construction behaviour and the cues used by modern orb-weavers are well-studied and highly conserved. Several species in orb-weaving families build non-orb webs that are clearly derived from orbs, allowing transitions from ancestral to modern behaviours to be described with high confidence. Three major patterns of general evolutionary significance were found in 69 phylogenetically independent transitions in 15 groups in 8 fam

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